1
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Shalash R, Levi-Ferber M, von Chrzanowski H, Atrash MK, Shav-Tal Y, Henis-Korenblit S. HLH-30/TFEB rewires the chaperone network to promote proteostasis under conditions of Coenzyme A and Iron-Sulfur Cluster Deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597553. [PMID: 38895373 PMCID: PMC11185684 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of a properly folded proteome is critical for cellular function and organismal health, and its age-dependent collapse is associated with a wide range of diseases. Here, we find that despite the central role of Coenzyme A as a molecular cofactor in hundreds of cellular reactions, limiting Coenzyme A levels in C. elegans and in human cells, by inhibiting the conserved pantothenate kinase, promotes proteostasis. Impairment of the cytosolic iron-sulfur clusters formation pathway, which depends on Coenzyme A, similarly promotes proteostasis and acts in the same pathway. Proteostasis improvement by Coenzyme A/iron-sulfur cluster deficiencies are dependent on the conserved HLH-30/TFEB transcription factor. Strikingly, under these conditions, HLH-30 promotes proteostasis by potentiating the expression of select chaperone genes providing a chaperone-mediated proteostasis shield, rather than by its established role as an autophagy and lysosome biogenesis promoting factor. This reflects the versatile nature of this conserved transcription factor, that can transcriptionally activate a wide range of protein quality control mechanisms, including chaperones and stress response genes alongside autophagy and lysosome biogenesis genes. These results highlight TFEB as a key proteostasis-promoting transcription factor and underscore it and its upstream regulators as potential therapeutic targets in proteostasis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewayd Shalash
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Mor Levi-Ferber
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Henrik von Chrzanowski
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Mohammad Khaled Atrash
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yaron Shav-Tal
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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2
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Jiang Y, MacNeil LT. Simple model systems reveal conserved mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:82. [PMID: 37950311 PMCID: PMC10638731 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective therapies that slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the fundamental cellular mechanisms underlying these diseases. Model organisms, including yeast, worms, and flies, provide simple systems with which to investigate the mechanisms of disease. The evolutionary conservation of cellular pathways regulating proteostasis and stress response in these organisms facilitates the study of genetic factors that contribute to, or protect against, neurodegeneration. Here, we review genetic modifiers of neurodegeneration and related cellular pathways identified in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on models of AD and related tauopathies. We further address the potential of simple model systems to better understand the fundamental mechanisms that lead to AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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3
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Duran-Aniotz C, Poblete N, Rivera-Krstulovic C, Ardiles ÁO, Díaz-Hung ML, Tamburini G, Sabusap CMP, Gerakis Y, Cabral-Miranda F, Diaz J, Fuentealba M, Arriagada D, Muñoz E, Espinoza S, Martinez G, Quiroz G, Sardi P, Medinas DB, Contreras D, Piña R, Lourenco MV, Ribeiro FC, Ferreira ST, Rozas C, Morales B, Plate L, Gonzalez-Billault C, Palacios AG, Hetz C. The unfolded protein response transcription factor XBP1s ameliorates Alzheimer's disease by improving synaptic function and proteostasis. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2240-2256. [PMID: 37016577 PMCID: PMC10362463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network is an emerging feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main adaptive pathway to cope with protein folding stress at the ER. Inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) operates as a central ER stress sensor, enabling the establishment of adaptive and repair programs through the control of the expression of the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). To artificially enforce the adaptive capacity of the UPR in the AD brain, we developed strategies to express the active form of XBP1 in the brain. Overexpression of XBP1 in the nervous system using transgenic mice reduced the load of amyloid deposits and preserved synaptic and cognitive function. Moreover, local delivery of XBP1 into the hippocampus of an 5xFAD mice using adeno-associated vectors improved different AD features. XBP1 expression corrected a large proportion of the proteomic alterations observed in the AD model, restoring the levels of several synaptic proteins and factors involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation and axonal growth. Our results illustrate the therapeutic potential of targeting UPR-dependent gene expression programs as a strategy to ameliorate AD features and sustain synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Natalia Poblete
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Rivera-Krstulovic
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mei Li Díaz-Hung
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carleen Mae P Sabusap
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yannis Gerakis
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Javier Diaz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Fuentealba
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Arriagada
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernesto Muñoz
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Espinoza
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martinez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Quiroz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurological Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Darwin Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Piña
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrian G Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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4
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Khan S. Endoplasmic Reticulum in Metaplasticity: From Information Processing to Synaptic Proteostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5630-5655. [PMID: 35739409 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is a Ca2+ reservoir and the unique protein-synthesizing machinery which is distributed throughout the neuron and composed of multiple different structural domains. One such domain is called EMC (endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex), pleiotropic nature in cellular functions. The ER/EMC position inside the neurons unmasks its contribution to synaptic plasticity via regulating various cellular processes from protein synthesis to Ca2+ signaling. Since presynaptic Ca2+ channels and postsynaptic ionotropic receptors are organized into the nanodomains, thus ER can be a crucial player in establishing TMNCs (transsynaptic molecular nanocolumns) to shape efficient neural communications. This review hypothesized that ER is not only involved in stress-mediated neurodegeneration but also axon regrowth, remyelination, neurotransmitter switching, information processing, and regulation of pre- and post-synaptic functions. Thus ER might not only be a protein-synthesizing and quality control machinery but also orchestrates plasticity of plasticity (metaplasticity) within the neuron to execute higher-order brain functions and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumsuzzaman Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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5
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Melatonin reduces the endoplasmic reticulum stress and polyubiquitinated protein accumulation induced by repeated anesthesia exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5783. [PMID: 35388108 PMCID: PMC8986834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity, but melatonin seems to play a protective role against ER stress. Synchronized Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to isoflurane during the developmental period; melatonin treatment was used to evaluate its role in preventing the defective unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). The induced expression of hsp-4::GFP by isoflurane was attenuated in the isoflurane-melatonin group. Isoflurane upregulated the expression of ire-1, whereas melatonin did not induce ire-1 expression in C. elegans even after isoflurane exposure. With luzindole treatment, the effect of melatonin on the level of ire-1 was significantly attenuated. The reduced expression of sel-1, sel-11, cdc-48.1, and cdc-48.2 due to isoflurane was restored by melatonin, although not up to the level of the control group. The amount of polyubiquitinated proteins was increased in the isoflurane group; however, melatonin suppressed its accumulation, which was significantly inhibited by a proteasome inhibitor, MG132. The chemotaxis index of the isoflurane-melatonin group was improved compared with the isoflurane group. Melatonin may be a potential preventive molecule against defective UPR and ERAD caused by repeated anesthesia exposure. The ire-1 branch of the UPR and ERAD pathways can be the target of melatonin to reduce anesthesia-induced ER stress.
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6
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Wodrich APK, Scott AW, Shukla AK, Harris BT, Giniger E. The Unfolded Protein Responses in Health, Aging, and Neurodegeneration: Recent Advances and Future Considerations. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:831116. [PMID: 35283733 PMCID: PMC8914544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.831116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related neurodegeneration are both associated with the accumulation of unfolded and abnormally folded proteins, highlighting the importance of protein homeostasis (termed proteostasis) in maintaining organismal health. To this end, two cellular compartments with essential protein folding functions, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria, are equipped with unique protein stress responses, known as the ER unfolded protein response (UPRER) and the mitochondrial UPR (UPRmt), respectively. These organellar UPRs play roles in shaping the cellular responses to proteostatic stress that occurs in aging and age-related neurodegeneration. The loss of adaptive UPRER and UPRmt signaling potency with age contributes to a feed-forward cycle of increasing protein stress and cellular dysfunction. Likewise, UPRER and UPRmt signaling is often altered in age-related neurodegenerative diseases; however, whether these changes counteract or contribute to the disease pathology appears to be context dependent. Intriguingly, altering organellar UPR signaling in animal models can reduce the pathological consequences of aging and neurodegeneration which has prompted clinical investigations of UPR signaling modulators as therapeutics. Here, we review the physiology of both the UPRER and the UPRmt, discuss how UPRER and UPRmt signaling changes in the context of aging and neurodegeneration, and highlight therapeutic strategies targeting the UPRER and UPRmt that may improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. K. Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew W. Scott
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arvind Kumar Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Edward Giniger,
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7
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A putative long noncoding RNA-encoded micropeptide maintains cellular homeostasis in pancreatic β cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:307-320. [PMID: 34513312 PMCID: PMC8416971 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Micropeptides (microproteins) encoded by transcripts previously annotated as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important mediators of fundamental biological processes in health and disease. Here, we applied two computational tools to identify putative micropeptides encoded by lncRNAs that are expressed in the human pancreas. We experimentally verified one such micropeptide encoded by a β cell- and neural cell-enriched lncRNA TCL1 Upstream Neural Differentiation-Associated RNA (TUNAR, also known as TUNA, HI-LNC78, or LINC00617). We named this highly conserved 48-amino-acid micropeptide beta cell- and neural cell-regulin (BNLN). BNLN contains a single-pass transmembrane domain and localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in pancreatic β cells. Overexpression of BNLN lowered ER calcium levels, maintained ER homeostasis, and elevated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. We further assessed the BNLN expression in islets from mice fed a high-fat diet and a regular diet and found that BNLN is suppressed by diet-induced obesity (DIO). Conversely, overexpression of BNLN enhanced insulin secretion in islets from lean and obese mice as well as from humans. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence that lncRNA-encoded micropeptides play a critical role in pancreatic β cell functions and provides a foundation for future comprehensive analyses of micropeptide function and pathophysiological impact on diabetes.
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Sirtuins and Autophagy in Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons from the C. elegans Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212263. [PMID: 34830158 PMCID: PMC8619060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases are known to have "impaired protein clearance" as one of the key features causing their onset and progression. Hence, homeostasis is the key to maintaining balance throughout the cellular system as an organism ages. Any imbalance in the protein clearance machinery is responsible for accumulation of unwanted proteins, leading to pathological consequences-manifesting in neurodegeneration and associated debilitating outcomes. Multiple processes are involved in regulating this phenomenon; however, failure to regulate the autophagic machinery is a critical process that hampers the protein clearing pathway, leading to neurodegeneration. Another important and widely known component that plays a role in modulating neurodegeneration is a class of proteins called sirtuins. These are class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that are known to regulate various vital processes such as longevity, genomic stability, transcription and DNA repair. These enzymes are also known to modulate neurodegeneration in an autophagy-dependent manner. Considering its genetic relevance and ease of studying disease-related endpoints in neurodegeneration, the model system Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully employed in deciphering various functional outcomes related to critical protein molecules, cell death pathways and their association with ageing. This review summarizes the vital role of sirtuins and autophagy in ageing and neurodegeneration, in particular highlighting the knowledge obtained using the C. elegans model system.
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9
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Good SC, Dewison KM, Radford SE, van Oosten-Hawle P. Global Proteotoxicity Caused by Human β 2 Microglobulin Variants Impairs the Unfolded Protein Response in C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10752. [PMID: 34639093 PMCID: PMC8509642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of β2 microglobulin (β2m) into amyloid fibrils is associated with systemic amyloidosis, caused by the deposition of amyloid fibrils containing the wild-type protein and its truncated variant, ΔN6 β2m, in haemo-dialysed patients. A second form of familial systemic amyloidosis caused by the β2m variant, D76N, results in amyloid deposits in the viscera, without renal dysfunction. Although the folding and misfolding mechanisms of β2 microglobulin have been widely studied in vitro and in vivo, we lack a comparable understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying toxicity in a cellular and organismal environment. Here, we established transgenic C. elegans lines expressing wild-type (WT) human β2m, or the two highly amyloidogenic naturally occurring variants, D76N β2m and ΔN6 β2m, in the C. elegans bodywall muscle. Nematodes expressing the D76N β2m and ΔN6 β2m variants exhibit increased age-dependent and cell nonautonomous proteotoxicity associated with reduced motility, delayed development and shortened lifespan. Both β2m variants cause widespread endogenous protein aggregation contributing to the increased toxicity in aged animals. We show that expression of β2m reduces the capacity of C. elegans to cope with heat and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, correlating with a deficiency to upregulate BiP/hsp-4 transcripts in response to ER stress in young adult animals. Interestingly, protein secretion in all β2m variants is reduced, despite the presence of the natural signal sequence, suggesting a possible link between organismal β2m toxicity and a disrupted ER secretory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricija van Oosten-Hawle
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cell Biology & Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.C.G.); (K.M.D.); (S.E.R.)
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10
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Levi-Ferber M, Shalash R, Le-Thomas A, Salzberg Y, Shurgi M, Benichou JI, Ashkenazi A, Henis-Korenblit S. Neuronal regulated ire- 1-dependent mRNA decay controls germline differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2021; 10:65644. [PMID: 34477553 PMCID: PMC8416019 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular events that regulate cell pluripotency versus acquisition of differentiated somatic cell fate is fundamentally important. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate that knockout of the germline-specific translation repressor gld-1 causes germ cells within tumorous gonads to form germline-derived teratoma. Previously we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress enhances this phenotype to suppress germline tumor progression(Levi-Ferber et al., 2015). Here, we identify a neuronal circuit that non-autonomously suppresses germline differentiation and show that it communicates with the gonad via the neurotransmitter serotonin to limit somatic differentiation of the tumorous germline. ER stress controls this circuit through regulated inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1)-dependent mRNA decay of transcripts encoding the neuropeptide FLP-6. Depletion of FLP-6 disrupts the circuit’s integrity and hence its ability to prevent somatic-fate acquisition by germline tumor cells. Our findings reveal mechanistically how ER stress enhances ectopic germline differentiation and demonstrate that regulated Ire1-dependent decay can affect animal physiology by controlling a specific neuronal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Levi-Ferber
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rewayd Shalash
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Adrien Le-Thomas
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Yehuda Salzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maor Shurgi
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jennifer Ic Benichou
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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11
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Xu X, Li Q, Li L, Zeng M, Zhou X, Cheng Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress/XBP1 promotes airway mucin secretion under the influence of neutrophil elastase. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:81. [PMID: 33760106 PMCID: PMC7979262 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important reaction of airway epithelial cells in response to various stimuli, and may also be involved in the mucin secretion process. In the present study, the effect of ER stress on neutrophil elastase (NE)-induced mucin (MUC)5AC production in human airway epithelial cells was explored. 16HBE14o-airway epithelial cells were cultured and pre-treated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or the ER stress chemical inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), or the cells were transfected with inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) small interfering RNA (siRNA) or X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) siRNA, respectively, and subsequently incubated with NE. The results obtained revealed that NE increased ROS production in the 16HBE14o-cells, with marked increases in the levels of ER stress-associated proteins, such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (pPERK) and phosphorylated (p)IRE1α. The protein and mRNA levels of spliced XBP1 were also increased, and the level of MUC5AC protein was notably increased. The ROS scavenger NAC and ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA were found to reduce ER stress-associated protein expression and MUC5AC production and secretion. Further analyses revealed that MUC5AC secretion was also attenuated by IRE1α and XBP1 siRNAs, accompanied by a decreased mRNA expression of spliced XBP1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NE induces ER stress by promoting ROS production in 16HBE14o-airway epithelial cells, leading to increases in MUC5AC protein production and secretion via the IRE1α and XBP1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shinan, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Man Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhong Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shinan, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
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12
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Kim S, Shin HJ, Do SH, Na HS. Role of Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation by Repeated Exposure to Inhalation Anesthetics in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2890-2896. [PMID: 34220315 PMCID: PMC8241789 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.58043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: When an imbalance occurs between the demand and capacity for protein folding, unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). In addition, unfolded proteins are cleared from the ER lumen for ubiquitination and subsequent cytosolic proteasomal degradation, which is termed as the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. This study focused on changes in the UPR and ERAD pathways induced by the repeated inhalation anesthetic exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: Depending on repeated isoflurane exposure, C. elegans was classified into the control or isoflurane group. To evaluate the expression of a specific gene, RNA was extracted from adult worms in each group and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Ubiquitinated protein levels were measured using western blotting, and behavioral changes were evaluated by chemotaxis assay using various mutant strains. Results: Isoflurane upregulated the expression of ire-1 and pek-1 whereas the expression of atf-6 was unaffected. The expression of both sel-1 and sel-11 was decreased by isoflurane exposure, possibly indicating the inhibition of retro-translocation. The expression of cdc-48.1 and cdc-48.2 was decreased and higher ubiquitinated protein levels were observed in the isoflurane group than in the control, suggesting that deubiquitination and degradation of misfolded proteins were interrupted. The chemotaxis indices of ire-1, pek-1, sel-1, and sel-11 mutants decreased significantly compared to N2, and they were not suppressed further even after the repeated isoflurane exposure. Conclusion: Repeated isoflurane exposure caused significant ER stress in C. elegans. Following the increase in UPR, the ERAD pathway was disrupted by repeated isoflurane exposure and ubiquitinated proteins was accumulated subsequently. UPR and ERAD pathways are potential modifiable neuroprotection targets against anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Do
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Seok Na
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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13
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Lee SK. Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis and Stress Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:279-303. [PMID: 34050871 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive regulatory pathway that alleviates protein-folding defects in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Physiological demands, environmental perturbations and pathological conditions can cause accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER and the stress signal is transmitted to the nucleus to turn on a series of genes to respond the challenge. In metazoan, the UPR pathways consisted of IRE1/XBP1, PEK-1 and ATF6, which function in parallel and downstream transcriptional activation triggers the proteostasis networks consisting of molecular chaperones, protein degradation machinery and other stress response pathways ((Labbadia J, Morimoto RI, F1000Prime Rep 6:7, 2014); (Shen X, Ellis RE, Lee K, Annu Rev Biochem 28:893-903, 2014)). The integrated responses act on to resolve the ER stress by increasing protein folding capacity, attenuating ER-loading translation, activating ER-associated proteasomal degradation (ERAD), and regulating IRE1-dependent decay of mRNA (RIDD). Therefore, the effective UPR to internal and external causes is linked to the multiple pathophysiological conditions such as aging, immunity, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent development in the research of the UPR includes cell-nonautonomous features of the UPR, interplay between the UPR and other stress response pathways, unconventional UPR inducers, and noncanonical UPR independent of the three major branches, originated from multiple cellular and molecular machineries in addition to ER. Caenorhabditis elegans model system has critically contributed to these unprecedented aspects of the ER UPR and broadens the possible therapeutic targets to treat the ER-stress associated human disorders and time-dependent physiological deterioration of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Bashir S, Banday M, Qadri O, Bashir A, Hilal N, Nida-I-Fatima, Rader S, Fazili KM. The molecular mechanism and functional diversity of UPR signaling sensor IRE1. Life Sci 2020; 265:118740. [PMID: 33188833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is primarily responsible for protein folding and maturation. However, the organelle is subject to varied stress conditions from time to time, which lead to the activation of a signaling program known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway. This pathway, upon sensing any disturbance in the protein-folding milieu sends signals to the nucleus and cytoplasm in order to restore homeostasis. One of the prime UPR signaling sensors is Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1); an ER membrane embedded protein with dual enzyme activities, kinase and endoribonuclease. The ribonuclease activity of IRE1 results in Xbp1 splicing in mammals or Hac1 splicing in yeast. However, IRE1 can switch its substrate specificity to the mRNAs that are co-transnationally transported to the ER, a phenomenon known as Regulated IRE1 Dependent Decay (RIDD). IRE1 is also reported to act as a principal molecule that coordinates with other proteins and signaling pathways, which in turn might be responsible for its regulation. The current review highlights studies on IRE1 explaining the structural features and molecular mechanism behind its ribonuclease outputs. The emphasis is also laid on the molecular effectors, which directly or indirectly interact with IRE1 to either modulate its function or connect it to other pathways. This is important in understanding the functional pleiotropy of IRE1, by which it can switch its activity from pro-survival to pro-apoptotic, thus determining the fate of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samirul Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mariam Banday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ozaira Qadri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arif Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nazia Hilal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nida-I-Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Stephen Rader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Khalid Majid Fazili
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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15
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García-Huerta P, Troncoso-Escudero P, Wu D, Thiruvalluvan A, Cisternas-Olmedo M, Henríquez DR, Plate L, Chana-Cuevas P, Saquel C, Thielen P, Longo KA, Geddes BJ, Lederkremer GZ, Sharma N, Shenkman M, Naphade S, Sardi SP, Spichiger C, Richter HG, Court FA, Tshilenge KT, Ellerby LM, Wiseman RL, Gonzalez-Billault C, Bergink S, Vidal RL, Hetz C. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) protects against Huntington's disease through the extracellular disposal of protein aggregates. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:737-764. [PMID: 32642868 PMCID: PMC8513574 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neuronal proteostasis is a salient feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting alterations in the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We previously reported that targeting the transcription factor XBP1, a key mediator of the ER stress response, delays disease progression and reduces protein aggregation in various models of neurodegeneration. To identify disease modifier genes that may explain the neuroprotective effects of XBP1 deficiency, we performed gene expression profiling of brain cortex and striatum of these animals and uncovered insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) as the major upregulated gene. Here, we studied the impact of IGF2 signaling on protein aggregation in models of Huntington's disease (HD) as proof of concept. Cell culture studies revealed that IGF2 treatment decreases the load of intracellular aggregates of mutant huntingtin and a polyglutamine peptide. These results were validated using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived medium spiny neurons from HD patients and spinocerebellar ataxia cases. The reduction in the levels of mutant huntingtin was associated with a decrease in the half-life of the intracellular protein. The decrease in the levels of abnormal protein aggregation triggered by IGF2 was independent of the activity of autophagy and the proteasome pathways, the two main routes for mutant huntingtin clearance. Conversely, IGF2 signaling enhanced the secretion of soluble mutant huntingtin species through exosomes and microvesicles involving changes in actin dynamics. Administration of IGF2 into the brain of HD mice using gene therapy led to a significant decrease in the levels of mutant huntingtin in three different animal models. Moreover, analysis of human postmortem brain tissue and blood samples from HD patients showed a reduction in IGF2 level. This study identifies IGF2 as a relevant factor deregulated in HD, operating as a disease modifier that buffers the accumulation of abnormal protein species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula García-Huerta
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sector B, Second Floor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sector B, Second Floor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arun Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marisol Cisternas-Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel R Henríquez
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Chana-Cuevas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Saquel
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Peter Thielen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Gerardo Z Lederkremer
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Shenkman
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Swati Naphade
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - S Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurological Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G Richter
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Felipe A Court
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rene L Vidal
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sector B, Second Floor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile.
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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16
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Podraza-Farhanieh A, Natarajan B, Raj D, Kao G, Naredi P. ENPL-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of GRP94, promotes insulin secretion via regulation of proinsulin processing and maturation. Development 2020; 147:dev190082. [PMID: 33037039 PMCID: PMC10666919 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin/IGF signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans is crucial for proper development of the dauer larva and growth control. Mutants disturbing insulin processing, secretion and downstream signaling perturb this process and have helped identify genes that affect progression of type 2 diabetes. Insulin maturation is required for its proper secretion by pancreatic β cells. The role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones in insulin processing and secretion needs further study. We show that the C. elegans ER chaperone ENPL-1/GRP94 (HSP90B1), acts in dauer development by promoting insulin secretion and signaling. Processing of a proinsulin likely involves binding between the two proteins via a specific domain. We show that, in enpl-1 mutants, an unprocessed insulin exits the ER lumen and is found in dense core vesicles, but is not secreted. The high ER stress in enpl-1 mutants does not cause the secretion defect. Importantly, increased ENPL-1 levels result in increased secretion. Taken together, our work indicates that ENPL-1 operates at the level of insulin availability and is an essential modulator of insulin processing and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Podraza-Farhanieh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Dorota Raj
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gautam Kao
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Adir O, Bening-Abu-Shach U, Arbib S, Henis-Korenblit S, Broday L. Inactivation of the Caenorhabditis elegans RNF-5 E3 ligase promotes IRE-1-independent ER functions. Autophagy 2020; 17:2401-2414. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1827778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ulrike Bening-Abu-Shach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Arbib
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Guan L, Zhan Z, Yang Y, Miao Y, Huang X, Ding M. Alleviating chronic ER stress by p38-Ire1-Xbp1 pathway and insulin-associated autophagy in C. elegans neurons. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008704. [PMID: 32986702 PMCID: PMC7544145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ER stress occurs in many physiological and pathological conditions. However, how chronic ER stress is alleviated in specific cells in an intact organism is an outstanding question. Here, overexpressing the gap junction protein UNC-9 (Uncoordinated) in C. elegans neurons triggers the Ire1-Xbp1-mediated stress response in an age-dependent and cell-autonomous manner. The p38 MAPK PMK-3 regulates the chronic stress through IRE-1 phosphorylation. Overexpressing gap junction protein also activates autophagy. The insulin pathway functions through autophagy, but not the transcription of genes encoding ER chaperones, to counteract the p38-Ire1-Xbp1-mediated stress response. Together, these results reveal an intricate cellular regulatory network in response to chronic stress in a subset of cells in multicellular organism. The accumulation of unfolded proteins triggers the ER stress response (UPR), which allows cells to fight against fluctuations in protein expression under both physiological and pathological conditions. Severe acute ER stress responses can be induced by drug treatment. However, such intense ER stress rarely occurs ubiquitously in every cell type in vivo. Here, we designed a genetic system in the nematode C. elegans, which allows us to induce ER stress in specific cells, without drug treatment or any other external stimuli, and then to monitor the stress response. The p38 MAPK directly acts on the phosphorylation of IRE-1 to promote the stress response. Meanwhile, the insulin receptor function through autophagy activation to counteract the p38-IRE-1-XBP-1 pathway. Together, these results reveal an intricate cellular regulatory network in response to chronic stress in multicellular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (MD)
| | - Zhigao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (MD)
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19
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Malar DS, Prasanth MI, Jeyakumar M, Balamurugan K, Devi KP. Vitexin prevents Aβ proteotoxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease by modulating unfolded protein response. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22632. [PMID: 32926499 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for an estimated 60% to 80% of all dementia cases. The present study is aimed at evaluating the neuroprotective efficacy of vitexin, an apigenin flavone glycoside using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain (CL2006) of AD. The neuroprotective effect of vitexin was determined using physiological assays, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. The results of survival and paralysis assay indicate that vitexin (200 μM) significantly extended the lifespan of the nematodes. Vitexin-treated nematodes showed a significant reduction in the expression of Aβ, ace-1, and ace-2 genes when compared to control. Further, vitexin significantly upregulated the expression of acr-8 and dnj-14, and increased the lifespan of the nematodes. Vitexin was also found to modulate the unfolded protein response genes (hsp-4, pek-1, ire-1, and xbp-1) and suppress the expression of Aβ. Overall, the results show that vitexin acts as a neuroprotective agent and protects transgenic C. elegans strains from Aβ proteotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicson Sheeja Malar
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Cheung TP, Choe JY, Richmond JE, Kim H. BK channel density is regulated by endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation and influenced by the SKN-1A/NRF1 transcription factor. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008829. [PMID: 32502151 PMCID: PMC7299407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are present at specific levels within subcellular compartments of excitable cells. The regulation of ion channel trafficking and targeting is an effective way to control cell excitability. The BK channel is a calcium-activated potassium channel that serves as a negative feedback mechanism at presynaptic axon terminals and sites of muscle excitation. The C. elegans BK channel ortholog, SLO-1, requires an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein for efficient anterograde transport to these locations. Here, we found that, in the absence of this ER membrane protein, SLO-1 channels that are seemingly normally folded and expressed at physiological levels undergo SEL-11/HRD1-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD). This SLO-1 degradation is also indirectly regulated by a SKN-1A/NRF1-mediated transcriptional mechanism that controls proteasome levels. Therefore, our data indicate that SLO-1 channel density is regulated by the competitive balance between the efficiency of ER trafficking machinery and the capacity of ERAD. Excitable cells, such as neurons and muscles, are essential for the movement and behavior of animals. These cells express a set of specific types of ion channels that allow the selective passage of ions across the plasma membrane. The alteration in the levels of these ion channels influences cell excitability and the function of excitable cells. The regulation of ion channel trafficking and targeting is an effective way to control the function of excitable cells. The BK SLO-1 channel is a calcium-activated potassium channel that reduces excitability at presynaptic axon terminals and sites of muscle excitation. In a C. elegans genetic study, authors found that the delayed exit of SLO-1 channels from the ER causes their degradation by a mechanism called ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Interestingly, the same components that directly mediate SLO-1 ERAD also process a key transcriptional factor that maintains proteasome levels, thus indirectly influencing SLO-1 degradation. These data show that the levels of SLO-1 channels are regulated by the competitive balance between the efficiency of ER trafficking machinery and the capacity of ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Cheung
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Graduate & Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- School of Graduate & Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois United States of America
| | - Janet E. Richmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hongkyun Kim
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Graduate & Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Williams AB, Heider F, Messling JE, Rieckher M, Bloch W, Schumacher B. Restoration of Proteostasis in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Reverses an Inflammation-Like Response to Cytoplasmic DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2019; 212:1259-1278. [PMID: 31248887 PMCID: PMC6707470 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses protect organisms against various insults, but may lead to tissue damage when aberrantly activated. In higher organisms, cytoplasmic DNA can trigger inflammatory responses that can lead to tissue degeneration. Simpler metazoan models could shed new mechanistic light on how inflammatory responses to cytoplasmic DNA lead to pathologies. Here, we show that in a DNase II-defective Caenorhabditis elegans strain, persistent cytoplasmic DNA leads to systemic tissue degeneration and loss of tissue functionality due to impaired proteostasis. These pathological outcomes can be therapeutically alleviated by restoring protein homeostasis, either via ectopic induction of the ER unfolded protein response or N-acetylglucosamine treatment. Our results establish C. elegans as an ancestral metazoan model for studying the outcomes of inflammation-like conditions caused by persistent cytoplasmic DNA and provide insight into potential therapies for human conditions involving chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Williams
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Felix Heider
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Messling
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Matthias Rieckher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
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22
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Xu Y, Park Y. Application of Caenorhabditis elegans for Research on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23:275-281. [PMID: 30675455 PMCID: PMC6342542 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a versatile model organism that has been applied to research involving obesity, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. C. elegans has many advantages over traditional animal models, including ease of handling, a short lifespan, a fully sequenced genome, ease of genetic manipulation, and a high similarity to human disease-related genes. With established C. elegans models of human disease, C. elegans provides a great platform for studying disease pathologies, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is characterized by the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins involved in the pathologies of many diseases. ER stress can lead to activation of the unfolded and misfolded protein response, a mechanism that attenuates ER stress and recovers ER homeostasis. The current review gives an introduction to C. elegans and ER stress, along with the pathological role of ER stress in disease and the application of worm models in ER stress-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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23
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Hernando-Rodríguez B, Artal-Sanz M. Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms and the PHB (Prohibitin) Complex. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120238. [PMID: 30501123 PMCID: PMC6315423 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are essential for life, critical for development, maintenance of stem cells, adaptation to physiological changes, responses to stress, and aging. The complexity of mitochondrial biogenesis requires coordinated nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression, owing to the need of stoichiometrically assemble the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system for ATP production. It requires, in addition, the import of a large number of proteins from the cytosol to keep optimal mitochondrial function and metabolism. Moreover, mitochondria require lipid supply for membrane biogenesis, while it is itself essential for the synthesis of membrane lipids. To achieve mitochondrial homeostasis, multiple mechanisms of quality control have evolved to ensure that mitochondrial function meets cell, tissue, and organismal demands. Herein, we give an overview of mitochondrial mechanisms that are activated in response to stress, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). We then discuss the role of these stress responses in aging, with particular focus on Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, we review observations that point to the mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB) complex as a key player in mitochondrial homeostasis, being essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and responding to mitochondrial stress. Understanding how mitochondria responds to stress and how such responses are regulated is pivotal to combat aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Hernando-Rodríguez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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24
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Redox proteomics and amyloid β-peptide: insights into Alzheimer disease. J Neurochem 2018; 151:459-487. [PMID: 30216447 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging and characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurite and synapse loss. Amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) [Aβ(1-42)], a major component of senile plaques, is neurotoxic and induces oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Redox proteomics has been used to identify proteins oxidatively modified by Aβ(1-42) in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss these proteins in the context of those identified to be oxidatively modified in animal models of AD, and human studies including familial AD, pre-clinical AD (PCAD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD, late AD, Down syndrome (DS), and DS with AD (DS/AD). These redox proteomics studies indicate that Aβ(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress occurs early in AD pathogenesis and results in altered antioxidant and cellular detoxification defenses, decreased energy yielding metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, loss of synaptic plasticity and cell structure, neuroinflammation, impaired protein folding and degradation, and altered signal transduction. Improved access to biomarker imaging and the identification of lifestyle interventions or treatments to reduce Aβ production could be beneficial in preventing or delaying the progression of AD. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
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25
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Pu Z, Ma S, Wang L, Li M, Shang L, Luo Y, Chen W. Amyloid-beta Degradation and Neuroprotection of Dauricine Mediated by Unfolded Protein Response in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience 2018; 392:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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The Coronavirus Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Evades the Type I Interferon Response through IRE1α-Mediated Manipulation of the MicroRNA miR-30a-5p/SOCS1/3 Axis. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00728-18. [PMID: 30185587 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00728-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In host innate immunity, type I interferons (IFN-I) are major antiviral molecules, and coronaviruses have evolved diverse strategies to counter the IFN-I response during infection. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a member of the Alphacoronavirus family, induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and significant IFN-I production after infection. However, how TGEV evades the IFN-I antiviral response despite the marked induction of endogenous IFN-I has remained unclear. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α), a highly conserved ER stress sensor with both kinase and RNase activities, is involved in the IFN response. In this study, IRE1α facilitated TGEV replication via downmodulating the host microRNA (miR) miR-30a-5p abundance. miR-30a-5p normally enhances IFN-I antiviral activity by directly targeting the negative regulators of Janus family kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), the suppressor of cytokine signaling protein 1 (SOCS1), and SOCS3. Furthermore, TGEV infection increased SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression, which dampened the IFN-I antiviral response and facilitated TGEV replication. Importantly, compared with mock infection, TGEV infection in vivo resulted in decreased miR-30a-5p levels and significantly elevated SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression in the piglet ileum. Taken together, our data reveal a new strategy used by TGEV to escape the IFN-I response by engaging the IRE1α-miR-30a-5p/SOCS1/3 axis, thus improving our understanding of how TGEV escapes host innate immune defenses.IMPORTANCE Type I interferons (IFN-I) play essential roles in restricting viral infections. Coronavirus infection induces ER stress and the interferon response, which reflects different adaptive cellular processes. An understanding of how coronavirus-elicited ER stress is actively involved in viral replication and manipulates the host IFN-I response has remained elusive. Here, TGEV inhibited host miR-30a-5p via the ER stress sensor IRE1α, which led to the increased expression of negative regulators of JAK-STAT signaling cascades, namely, SOCS1 and SOCS3. Increased SOCS1 or SOCS3 expression impaired the IFN-I antiviral response, promoting TGEV replication. These findings enhance our understanding of the strategies used by coronaviruses to antagonize IFN-I innate immunity via IRE1α-mediated manipulation of the miR-30a-5p/SOCS axis, highlighting the crucial role of IRE1α in innate antiviral resistance and the potential of IRE1α as a novel target against coronavirus infection.
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Wu Y, Yang C, Liu D, Lu M, Lu G, Sun J, Huang Y, Liu C, Wang L, Song L. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 involved in regulating hemocyte apoptosis upon heat stress in Patinopecten yessoensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:248-258. [PMID: 29702235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), one of the primary endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane receptor proteins, is involved in regulating unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway and plays an import role in maintaining cell homeostasis. In the present study, an IRE1 homologue was identified from Patinopecten yessoensis (designated as PyIRE1). The cDNA of PyIRE1 was of 3314 bp with a 2646 bp open reading frame (ORF) of IRE1 encoding a polypeptide of 881 amino acids. There was a signal peptide, four pyrrolo-quinoline quinine (PPQ) domains, a transmembrane helix region, a Serine/Threonine protein kinases domain (S_TKc) and a protein kinases or N-glycanases containing protein domain (PUG) in the deduced amino acid sequence of PyIRE1. The PyIRE1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression level in gills. PyIRE1 protein was mainly located in the ER of P. yessoensis hemocytes. The expression profiles of PyIRE1, glucose-regulated protein 94 (designated as PyGRP94) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (designated as PyGRP78) were determined by SYBR Green qRT-PCR after heat shock treatment. The mRNA expression levels of all these three genes were significantly up-regulated and reached their peak values at 2 h (3.97-fold, p < 0.05), 8 h (19.67-fold, p < 0.05) and 4 h (27.37-fold, p < 0.05) in hemocytes, 2 h (3.55-fold, p < 0.05), 12 h (8.58-fold, p < 0.05) and 8 h (35.31-fold, p < 0.05) in gills after heat shock treatment, respectively. After the injection with PyIRE1 dsRNA, the mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family member PyBax and the activity of caspase-3 significantly decreased in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05) after heat shock treatment. These results collectively suggested that PyIRE1, as an ER stress sensor, was potentially involved in the response upon heat stress by regulating the expression of PyBax and apoptosis of hemocytes in P. yessoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guangxia Lu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Control for Aquaculture Animals, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Control for Aquaculture Animals, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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28
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Reisz JA, Barrett AS, Nemkov T, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A. When nature's robots go rogue: exploring protein homeostasis dysfunction and the implications for understanding human aging disease pathologies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:293-309. [PMID: 29540077 PMCID: PMC6174679 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1453362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins have been historically regarded as 'nature's robots': Molecular machines that are essential to cellular/extracellular physical mechanical properties and catalyze key reactions for cell/system viability. However, these robots are kept in check by other protein-based machinery to preserve proteome integrity and stability. During aging, protein homeostasis is challenged by oxidation, decreased synthesis, and increasingly inefficient mechanisms responsible for repairing or degrading damaged proteins. In addition, disruptions to protein homeostasis are hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases and diseases disproportionately affecting the elderly. Areas covered: Here we summarize age- and disease-related changes to the protein machinery responsible for preserving proteostasis and describe how both aging and disease can each exacerbate damage initiated by the other. We focus on alteration of proteostasis as an etiological or phenomenological factor in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, along with Down syndrome, ophthalmic pathologies, and cancer. Expert commentary: Understanding the mechanisms of proteostasis and their dysregulation in health and disease will represent an essential breakthrough in the treatment of many (senescence-associated) pathologies. Strides in this field are currently underway and largely attributable to the introduction of high-throughput omics technologies and their combination with novel approaches to explore structural and cross-link biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Alexander S Barrett
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
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29
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Alasiri G, Fan LYN, Zona S, Goldsbrough IG, Ke HL, Auner HW, Lam EWF. ER stress and cancer: The FOXO forkhead transcription factor link. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:67-81. [PMID: 28572047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle with central roles in maintaining proteostasis due to its involvement in protein synthesis, folding, quality control, distribution and degradation. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen causes 'ER stress' and threatens overall cellular proteostasis. To restore ER homeostasis, cells evoke an evolutionarily conserved adaptive signalling and gene expression network collectively called the 'unfolded protein response (UPR)', a complex biological process which aims to restore proteostasis. When ER stress is overwhelming and beyond rectification, the normally pro-survival UPR can shift to induce cell termination. Emerging evidence from mammalian, fly and nematode worm systems reveals that the FOXO Forkhead proteins integrate upstream ER stress and UPR signals with the transcriptional machinery to decrease translation, promote cell survival/termination and increase the levels of ER-resident chaperones and of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) components to restore ER homeostasis. The high rates of protein synthesis/translation associated with cancer cell proliferation and metabolism, as well as mutations resulting in aberrant proteins, also induce ER stress and the UPR. While the pro-survival side of the UPR underlies its ability to sustain and promote cancers, its apoptotic functions can be exploited for cancer therapies by offering the chance to 'flick the proteostatic switch'. To this end, further studies are required to fully reevaluate the roles and regulation of these UPR signalling molecules, including FOXO proteins and their targets, in cancer initiation and progression as well as the effects on inhibiting their functions in cancer cells. This information will help to establish these UPR signalling molecules as possible therapeutic targets and putative biomarkers in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glowi Alasiri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Hui-Ling Ke
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Holger Werner Auner
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Eric Wing-Fai Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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30
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González-Quiroz M, Urra H, Limia CM, Hetz C. Homeostatic interplay between FoxO proteins and ER proteostasis in cancer and other diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:42-52. [PMID: 29369790 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are exposed to adverse conditions within the tumor microenvironment that challenge cells to adapt and survive. Several of these homeostatic perturbations insults alter the normal function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins. ER stress triggers a conserved signaling pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the stress or trigger apoptosis of damaged cells. The UPR has been described as a major driver in the acquisition of malignant characteristics that ultimately lead to cancer progression. Although, several reports describe the relevance of the UPR in tumor growth, the possible crosstalk with other cancer-related pathways is starting to be elucidated. The Forkhead Box O (FoxO) subfamily of proteins has a major role in cancer progression, where chromosomal translocations and deregulated signaling lead to loss-of-function of FoxO proteins, contributing to tumor progression. Here we discuss the homeostatic connection between the UPR and FoxO proteins and its possible implications to tumor progression and the acquisition of several hallmarks of cancer. In addition, studies linking a crosstalk between the UPR and FoxO proteins in other diseases, including neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías González-Quiroz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hery Urra
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Celia María Limia
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; The Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato CA 94945, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Penke B, Bogár F, Crul T, Sántha M, Tóth ME, Vígh L. Heat Shock Proteins and Autophagy Pathways in Neuroprotection: from Molecular Bases to Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E325. [PMID: 29361800 PMCID: PMC5796267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases are all characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates (amyloids) into inclusions and/or plaques. The ubiquitous presence of amyloids in NDDs suggests the involvement of disturbed protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in the underlying pathomechanisms. This review summarizes specific mechanisms that maintain proteostasis, including molecular chaperons, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), and different autophagic pathways (chaperon mediated-, micro-, and macro-autophagy). The role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in cellular quality control and degradation of pathogenic proteins is reviewed. Finally, putative therapeutic strategies for efficient removal of cytotoxic proteins from neurons and design of new therapeutic targets against the progression of NDDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Tim Crul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
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Penke B, Fülöp L, Szűcs M, Frecska E. The Role of Sigma-1 Receptor, an Intracellular Chaperone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:97-116. [PMID: 28554311 PMCID: PMC5771390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170529104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread protein aggregation occurs in the living system under stress or during aging, owing to disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. Many neurodegenerative diseases may have a common mechanism: the failure of protein homeostasis. Perturbation of ER results in unfolded protein response (UPR). Prolonged chronical UPR may activate apoptotic pathways and cause cell death. METHODS Research articles on Sigma-1 receptor were reviewed. RESULTS ER is associated to mitochondria by the mitochondria-associated ER-membrane, MAM. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a well-known ER-chaperone localizes in the MAM. It serves for Ca2+-signaling between the ER and mitochondria, involved in ion channel activities and especially important during neuronal differentiation. Sig-1R acts as central modulator in inter-organelle signaling. Sig-1R helps cell survival by attenuating ER-stress. According to sequence based predictions Sig-1R is a 223 amino acid protein with two transmembrane (2TM) domains. The X-ray structure of the Sig-1R [1] showed a membrane-bound trimeric assembly with one transmembrane (1TM) region. Despite the in vitro determined assembly, the results of in vivo studies are rather consistent with the 2TM structure. The receptor has unique and versatile pharmacological profile. Dimethyl tryptamine (DMT) and neuroactive steroids are endogenous ligands that activate Sig-1R. The receptor has a plethora of interacting client proteins. Sig-1R exists in oligomeric structures (dimer-trimer-octamer-multimer) and this fact may explain interaction with diverse proteins. CONCLUSION Sig-1R agonists have been used in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Utilization of Sig-1R agents early in AD and similar other diseases has remained an overlooked therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Szűcs
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Frecska
- University of Debrecen, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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Griffin EF, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA. Genetic and Pharmacological Discovery for Alzheimer's Disease Using Caenorhabditis elegans. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2596-2606. [PMID: 29022701 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal burden presented by Alzheimer's disease warrants both innovative and expedient means by which its underlying molecular causes can be both identified and mechanistically exploited to discern novel therapeutic targets and strategies. The conserved characteristics, defined neuroanatomy, and advanced technological application of Caenorhabditis elegans render this metazoan an unmatched tool for probing neurotoxic factors. In addition, its short lifespan and importance in the field of aging make it an ideal organism for modeling age-related neurodegenerative disease. As such, this nematode system has demonstrated its value in predicting functional modifiers of human neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review how C. elegans has been utilized to model Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, we present how the causative neurotoxic peptides, amyloid-β and tau, contribute to disease-like neurodegeneration in C. elegans and how they translate to human disease. Furthermore, we describe how a variety of transgenic animal strains, each with distinct utility, have been used to identify both genetic and pharmacological modifiers of toxicity in C. elegans. As technological advances improve the prospects for intervention, the rapidity, unparalleled accuracy, and scale that C. elegans offers researchers for defining functional modifiers of neurodegeneration should speed the discovery of improved therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Griffin
- Department
of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Kim A. Caldwell
- Department
of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Guy A. Caldwell
- Department
of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Departments
of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental
Therapeutics, The University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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Gerakis Y, Hetz C. Emerging roles of ER stress in the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. FEBS J 2017; 285:995-1011. [PMID: 29148236 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by synaptic dysfunction and accumulation of abnormal aggregates formed by amyloid-β peptides or phosphorylated tau proteins. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network are a salient feature of AD. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main compartment involved in protein folding and secretion and is drastically affected in AD neurons. ER stress triggers the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signal transduction pathway that enforces adaptive programs to recover homeostasis or trigger apoptosis of irreversibly damaged cells. Experimental manipulation of specific UPR signaling modules in preclinical models of AD has revealed a key role of this pathway in regulating protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest that the UPR also influences synaptic plasticity and memory through ER stress-independent mechanisms. Consequently, targeting of the UPR in AD is emerging as an interesting therapeutic approach to modify the two pillars of AD, protein misfolding and synaptic failure. Here, we review the functional role of ER stress signaling in AD, discussing the complex involvement of the pathway in controlling neuronal survival, the amyloid cascade, neurodegeneration and synaptic function. Recent intervention efforts to target the UPR with pharmacological and gene therapy strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Gerakis
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Amyloid-β42 clearance and neuroprotection mediated by X-box binding protein 1 signaling decline with aging in the Drosophila brain. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 60:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jan AT, Azam M, Rahman S, Almigeiti AMS, Choi DH, Lee EJ, Haq QMR, Choi I. Perspective Insights into Disease Progression, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease: A Judicious Update. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:356. [PMID: 29163138 PMCID: PMC5671974 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of β-amyloid fibrils and abnormal tau proteins in and outside of neurons. Representing a common form of dementia, aggravation of AD with age increases the morbidity rate among the elderly. Although, mutations in the ApoE4 act as potent risk factors for sporadic AD, familial AD arises through malfunctioning of APP, PSEN-1, and−2 genes. AD progresses through accumulation of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in brain, which interfere with neuronal communication. Cellular stress that arises through mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum malfunction, and autophagy contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of AD. With high accuracy in disease diagnostics, Aβ deposition and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) are useful core biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients. Although five drugs are approved for treatment in AD, their failures in achieving complete disease cure has shifted studies toward a series of molecules capable of acting against Aβ and p-tau. Failure of biologics or compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in most cases advocates development of an efficient drug delivery system. Though liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles are widely adopted for drug delivery modules, their use in delivering drugs across the BBB has been overtaken by exosomes, owing to their promising results in reducing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mudsser Azam
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Angham M S Almigeiti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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β-Amyloid and the Pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive View. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101692. [PMID: 28994715 PMCID: PMC6151811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein dyshomeostasis is the common mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is the key risk factor, as the capacity of the proteostasis network declines during aging. Different cellular stress conditions result in the up-regulation of the neurotrophic, neuroprotective amyloid precursor protein (APP). Enzymatic processing of APP may result in formation of toxic Aβ aggregates (β-amyloids). Protein folding is the basis of life and death. Intracellular Aβ affects the function of subcellular organelles by disturbing the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk and causing severe Ca2+-dysregulation and lipid dyshomeostasis. The extensive and complex network of proteostasis declines during aging and is not able to maintain the balance between production and disposal of proteins. The effectivity of cellular pathways that safeguard cells against proteotoxic stress (molecular chaperones, aggresomes, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy) declines with age. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus the Aβ-clearance from brain-to-blood decreases. Microglia-mediated clearance of Aβ also declines, Aβ accumulates in the brain and causes neuroinflammation. Recognition of the above mentioned complex pathogenesis pathway resulted in novel drug targets in AD research.
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Martínez G, Duran‐Aniotz C, Cabral‐Miranda F, Vivar JP, Hetz C. Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis impairment in aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:615-623. [PMID: 28436203 PMCID: PMC5506418 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed neuronal proteostasis is a salient feature shared by both aging and protein misfolding disorders. The proteostasis network controls the health of the proteome by integrating pathways involved in protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, secretion, and their degradation. A reduction in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network during aging may increase the risk to undergo neurodegeneration by enhancing the accumulation of misfolded proteins. As almost one-third of the proteome is synthetized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), maintenance of its proper function is fundamental to sustain neuronal function. In fact, ER stress is a common feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR) operates as central player to maintain ER homeostasis or the induction of cell death of chronically damaged cells. Here, we discuss recent evidence placing ER stress as a driver of brain aging, and the emerging impact of neuronal UPR in controlling global proteostasis at the whole organismal level. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions to improve proteostasis and prevent pathological brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Center for Integrative BiologyUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Claudia Duran‐Aniotz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Felipe Cabral‐Miranda
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil
| | - Juan P. Vivar
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCA94945USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious diseasesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
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Abstract
The clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases is initiated by the selective alteration in the functionality of distinct neuronal populations. The pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases includes accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain. In physiological conditions, the proteostasis network maintains normal protein folding, trafficking and degradation; alterations in this network - particularly disturbances to the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - are thought to contribute to abnormal protein aggregation. ER stress triggers a signalling reaction known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which induces adaptive programmes that improve protein folding and promote quality control mechanisms and degradative pathways or can activate apoptosis when damage is irreversible. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in defining the functional contribution of ER stress to brain diseases, including novel evidence that relates the UPR to synaptic function, which has implications for cognition and memory. A complex concept is emerging wherein the consequences of ER stress can differ drastically depending on the disease context and the UPR signalling pathway that is altered. Strategies to target specific components of the UPR using small molecules and gene therapy are in development, and promise interesting avenues for future interventions to delay or stop neurodegeneration.
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40
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Yi B, Sahn JJ, Ardestani PM, Evans AK, Scott LL, Chan JZ, Iyer S, Crisp A, Zuniga G, Pierce JT, Martin SF, Shamloo M. Small molecule modulator of sigma 2 receptor is neuroprotective and reduces cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 140:561-575. [PMID: 27926996 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that modulating the sigma 2 receptor (Sig2R) can provide beneficial effects for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report the identification of a novel class of Sig2R ligands and their cellular and in vivo activity in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report that SAS-0132 and DKR-1051, selective ligands of Sig2R, modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. The Sig2R ligands SAS-0132 and JVW-1009 are neuroprotective in a C. elegans model of amyloid precursor protein-mediated neurodegeneration. Since this neuroprotective effect is replicated by genetic knockdown and knockout of vem-1, the ortholog of progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1), these results suggest that Sig2R ligands modulate a PGRMC1-related pathway. Last, we demonstrate that SAS-0132 improves cognitive performance both in the Thy-1 hAPPLond/Swe+ transgenic mouse model of AD and in healthy wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that Sig2R is a promising therapeutic target for neurocognitive disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitna Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - James J Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Pooneh Memar Ardestani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Andrew K Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Luisa L Scott
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica Z Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sangeetha Iyer
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley Crisp
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriella Zuniga
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan T Pierce
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Center for Brain, Behavior and Evolution and Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Remondelli P, Renna M. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Its Potential Therapeutic Significance. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:187. [PMID: 28670265 PMCID: PMC5472670 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cell compartment involved in secretory protein translocation and quality control of secretory protein folding. Different conditions can alter ER function, resulting in the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the ER lumen. Such a condition, known as ER stress, elicits an integrated adaptive response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore proteostasis within the secretory pathway. Conversely, in prolonged cell stress or insufficient adaptive response, UPR signaling causes cell death. ER dysfunctions are involved and contribute to neuronal degeneration in several human diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The correlations between ER stress and its signal transduction pathway known as the UPR with neuropathological changes are well established. In addition, much evidence suggests that genetic or pharmacological modulation of UPR could represent an effective strategy for minimizing the progressive neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent results describing the main cellular mechanisms linking ER stress and UPR to neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we provide an up-to-date panoramic view of the currently pursued strategies for ameliorating the toxic effects of protein unfolding in disease by targeting the ER UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Remondelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università degli Studi di SalernoSalerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Wellcome Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
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Ma JH, Wang JJ, Li J, Pfeffer BA, Zhong Y, Zhang SX. The Role of IRE-XBP1 Pathway in Regulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tight Junctions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:5244-5252. [PMID: 27701635 PMCID: PMC5054729 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tight junctions play a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostatic environment of the neural retina. Herein, we investigated the role of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-responsive transcription factor, in regulation of RPE tight junctions. Methods Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) and primary primate RPE cells were used for in vitro experiments and RPE-specific XBP1 knockout (KO) mice were used for in vivo study. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was induced by a sublethal dose of thapsigargin or tunicamycin. XBP1 activation was manipulated by IRE inhibitor 4μ8C, which suppresses XBP1 mRNA splicing. The integrity of tight junctions and the involvement of calcium-dependent RhoA/Rho kinase pathway were examined. Results Induction of ER stress by thapsigargin, but not tunicamycin, disrupted RPE tight junctions in ARPE-19 cells. Inhibition of XBP1 activation by 4μ8C resulted in a remarkable downregulation of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) and defects in tight junction formation in the presence or absence of ER stress inducers. Overexpression of active XBP1 partially reversed 4μ8C-induced anomalies in tight junctions. Mechanistically, XBP1 inhibition resulted in increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, upregulation of RhoA expression, redistribution of F-actin, and tight junction damage, which was attenuated by Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. In vivo, deletion of XBP1 in the RPE resulted in defective RPE tight junctions accompanied by increased VEGF expression. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest a protective role of XBP1 in maintaining RPE tight junctions possibly through regulation of calcium-dependent RhoA/Rho kinase signaling and actin cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacey H Ma
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States 2SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, New York, United States 3Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Joshua J Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States 2SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Junhua Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States 2SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Bruce A Pfeffer
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States 2SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, New York, United States 4Research Service, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Yiming Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sarah X Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States 2SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, New York, United States
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Wang YA, Kammenga JE, Harvey SC. Genetic variation in neurodegenerative diseases and its accessibility in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Hum Genomics 2017; 11:12. [PMID: 28545550 PMCID: PMC5445269 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-017-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NGDs) such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are debilitating and largely untreatable conditions strongly linked to age. The clinical, neuropathological, and genetic components of NGDs indicate that neurodegeneration is a complex trait determined by multiple genes and by the environment. MAIN BODY The symptoms of NGDs differ among individuals due to their genetic background, and this variation affects the onset and progression of NGD and NGD-like states. Such genetic variation affects the molecular and cellular processes underlying NGDs, leading to differential clinical phenotypes. So far, we have a limited understanding of the mechanisms of individual background variation. Here, we consider how variation between genetic backgrounds affects the mechanisms of aging and proteostasis in NGD phenotypes. We discuss how the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can be used to identify the role of variation between genetic backgrounds. Additionally, we review advances in C. elegans methods that can facilitate the identification of NGD regulators and/or networks. CONCLUSION Genetic variation both in disease genes and in regulatory factors that modulate onset and progression of NGDs are incompletely understood. The nematode C. elegans represents a valuable system in which to address such questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Anning Wang
- Biomolecular Research Group, School of Human and Life Science, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU UK
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Edward Kammenga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Crawford Harvey
- Biomolecular Research Group, School of Human and Life Science, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU UK
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Chen YY, Lee LW, Hong WN, Lo SJ. Expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigens induces defective gonad phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans. World J Virol 2017; 6:17-25. [PMID: 28239568 PMCID: PMC5303856 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v6.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To test whether a simple animal, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), can be used as an alternative model to study the interaction between hepatitis B virus antigens (HBsAg) and host factors.
METHODS Three plasmids that were able to express the large, middle and small forms of HBsAgs (LHBsAg, MHBsAg, and SHBsAg, respectively) driven by a ubiquitous promoter (fib-1) and three that were able to express SHBsAg driven by different tissue-specific promoters were constructed and microinjected into worms. The brood size, egg-laying rate, and gonad development of transgenic worms were analyzed using microscopy. Levels of mRNA related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, enpl-1, hsp-4, pdi-3 and xbp-1, were determined using reverse transcription polymerase reaction (RT-PCRs) in three lines of transgenic worms and dithiothreitol (DTT)-treated wild-type worms.
RESULTS Severe defects in egg-laying, decreases in brood size, and gonad retardation were observed in transgenic worms expressing SHBsAg whereas moderate defects were observed in transgenic worms expressing LHBsAg and MHBsAg. RT-PCR analysis revealed that enpl-1, hsp-4 and pdi-3 transcripts were significantly elevated in worms expressing LHBsAg and MHBsAg and in wild-type worms pretreated with DTT. By contrast, only pdi-3 was increased in worms expressing SHBsAg. To further determine which tissue expressing SHBsAg could induce gonad retardation, we substituted the fib-1 promoter with three tissue-specific promoters (myo-2 for the pharynx, est-1 for the intestines and mec-7 for the neurons) and generated corresponding transgenic animals. Moderate defective phenotypes were observed in worms expressing SHBsAg in the pharynx and intestines but not in worms expressing SHBsAg in the neurons, suggesting that the secreted SHBsAg may trigger a cross-talk signal between the digestive track and the gonad resulting in defective phenotypes.
CONCLUSION Ectopic expression of three forms of HBsAg that causes recognizable phenotypes in transgenic worms suggests that C. elegans can be used as an alternative model for studying virus-host interactions because the resulting phenotype is easily detected through microscopy.
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Salzberg Y, Coleman AJ, Celestrin K, Cohen-Berkman M, Biederer T, Henis-Korenblit S, Bülow HE. Reduced Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Mitigates Defective Dendrite Morphogenesis in Mutants of the ER Stress Sensor IRE-1. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006579. [PMID: 28114319 PMCID: PMC5293268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons receive excitatory or sensory inputs through their dendrites, which often branch extensively to form unique neuron-specific structures. How neurons regulate the formation of their particular arbor is only partially understood. In genetic screens using the multidendritic arbor of PVD somatosensory neurons in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified a mutation in the ER stress sensor IRE-1/Ire1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1) as crucial for proper PVD dendrite arborization in vivo. We further found that regulation of dendrite growth in cultured rat hippocampal neurons depends on Ire1 function, showing an evolutionarily conserved role for IRE-1/Ire1 in dendrite patterning. PVD neurons of nematodes lacking ire-1 display reduced arbor complexity, whereas mutations in genes encoding other ER stress sensors displayed normal PVD dendrites, specifying IRE-1 as a selective ER stress sensor that is essential for PVD dendrite morphogenesis. Although structure function analyses indicated that IRE-1's nuclease activity is necessary for its role in dendrite morphogenesis, mutations in xbp-1, the best-known target of non-canonical splicing by IRE-1/Ire1, do not exhibit PVD phenotypes. We further determined that secretion and distal localization to dendrites of the DMA-1/leucine rich transmembrane receptor (DMA-1/LRR-TM) is defective in ire-1 but not xbp-1 mutants, suggesting a block in the secretory pathway. Interestingly, reducing Insulin/IGF1 signaling can bypass the secretory block and restore normal targeting of DMA-1, and consequently normal PVD arborization even in the complete absence of functional IRE-1. This bypass of ire-1 requires the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. In sum, our work identifies a conserved role for ire-1 in neuronal branching, which is independent of xbp-1, and suggests that arborization defects associated with neuronal pathologies may be overcome by reducing Insulin/IGF signaling and improving ER homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Salzberg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Andrew J. Coleman
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Celestrin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Moran Cohen-Berkman
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hannes E. Bülow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Kim DK, Kim TH, Lee SJ. Mechanisms of aging-related proteinopathies in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e263. [PMID: 27713398 PMCID: PMC5099420 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most important risk factor for human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pathologically, these diseases are characterized by the deposition of specific protein aggregates in neurons and glia, representing the impairment of neuronal proteostasis. However, the mechanism by which aging affects the proteostasis system and promotes protein aggregation remains largely unknown. The short lifespan and ample genetic resources of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have made this species a favorite model organism for aging research, and the development of proteinopathy models in this organism has helped us to understand how aging processes affect protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the recent literature on proteinopathies in C. elegans models and discuss the insights we have gained into the mechanisms of how aging processes are integrated into the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Carlile GW, Robert R, Matthes E, Yang Q, Solari R, Hatley R, Edge CM, Hanrahan JW, Andersen R, Thomas DY, Birault V. Latonduine Analogs Restore F508del-Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Trafficking through the Modulation of Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase 3 and Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase 16 Activity. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:65-79. [PMID: 27193581 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major lethal genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). This encodes a chloride ion channel on the apical surface of epithelial cells. The most common mutation in CFTR (F508del-CFTR) generates a protein that is misfolded and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Identifying small molecules that correct this CFTR trafficking defect is a promising approach in CF therapy. However, to date only modest efficacy has been reported for correctors in clinical trials. We identified the marine sponge metabolite latonduine as a corrector. We have now developed a series of latonduine derivatives that are more potent F508del-CFTR correctors with one (MCG315 [2,3-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepin-1-one]) having 10-fold increased corrector activity and an EC50 of 72.25 nM. We show that the latonduine analogs inhibit poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) isozymes 1, 3, and 16. Further our molecular modeling studies point to the latonduine analogs binding to the PARP nicotinamide-binding domain. We established the relationship between the ability of the latonduine analogs to inhibit PARP-16 and their ability to correct F508del-CFTR trafficking. We show that latonduine can inhibit both PARP-3 and -16 and that this is necessary for CFTR correction. We demonstrate that latonduine triggers correction by regulating the activity of the unfolded protein response activator inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE-1) via modulation of the level of its ribosylation by PARP-16. These results establish latonduines novel site of action as well as its proteostatic mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme W Carlile
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Renaud Robert
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Matthes
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Roberto Solari
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Richard Hatley
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Colin M Edge
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Raymond Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - David Y Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
| | - Véronique Birault
- Department of Biochemistry (G.W.C., R.R., Q.Y., D.Y.T.), Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center (G.W.C., R.R., E.M., Q.Y., J.W.H., D.Y.T.), and Department of Physiology (E.M., J.W.H.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; GSK Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit (R.S., R.H., V.B.), and R&D Platform Technology and Science (C.M.E.), GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.A.); Faculty of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom (V.B.)
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48
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Garcia-Huerta P, Troncoso-Escudero P, Jerez C, Hetz C, Vidal RL. The intersection between growth factors, autophagy and ER stress: A new target to treat neurodegenerative diseases? Brain Res 2016; 1649:173-180. [PMID: 26993573 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the salient features of most neurodegenerative diseases is the aggregation of specific proteins in the brain. This proteostasis imbalance is proposed as a key event triggering the neurodegenerative cascade. The unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy pathways are emerging as critical processes implicated in handling disease-related misfolded proteins. However, in some conditions, perturbations in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network may be part of the etiology of the disease. Thus, pharmacological or gene therapy strategies to enhance autophagy or UPR responses are becoming an attractive target for disease intervention. Here, we discuss current evidence depicting the complex involvement of autophagy and ER stress in brain diseases. Novel pathways to modulate protein misfolding are discussed including the relation between aging and growth factor signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Huerta
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Carolina Jerez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Chile; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rene L Vidal
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile.
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Qian D, Tian L, Qu L. Proteomic analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in rice seeds. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14255. [PMID: 26395408 PMCID: PMC4585792 DOI: 10.1038/srep14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The defects in storage proteins secretion in the endosperm of transgenic rice seeds often leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which produces floury and shrunken seeds, but the mechanism of this response remains unclear. We used an iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis of ER-stressed rice seeds due to the endosperm-specific suppression of OsSar1 to identify changes in the protein levels in response to ER stress. ER stress changed the expression of 405 proteins in rice seed by >2.0- fold compared with the wild-type control. Of these proteins, 140 were upregulated and 265 were downregulated. The upregulated proteins were mainly involved in protein modification, transport and degradation, and the downregulated proteins were mainly involved in metabolism and stress/defense responses. A KOBAS analysis revealed that protein-processing in the ER and degradation-related proteasome were the predominant upregulated pathways in the rice endosperm in response to ER stress. Trans-Golgi protein transport was also involved in the ER stress response. Combined with bioinformatic and molecular biology analyses, our proteomic data will facilitate our understanding of the systemic responses to ER stress in rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Leqing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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50
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Torres M, Matamala JM, Duran-Aniotz C, Cornejo VH, Foley A, Hetz C. ER stress signaling and neurodegeneration: At the intersection between Alzheimer's disease and Prion-related disorders. Virus Res 2015; 207:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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