1
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Sofi S, Coverley D. CIZ1 in Xist seeded assemblies at the inactive X chromosome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1296600. [PMID: 38155839 PMCID: PMC10753822 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1296600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that X-chromosome inactivation is driven by phase-separated supramolecular assemblies. However, among the many proteins recruited to the inactive X chromosome by Xist long non-coding RNA, so far only a minority (CIZ1, CELF1, SPEN, TDP-43, MATR3, PTBP1, PCGF5) have been shown to form Xist-seeded protein assemblies, and of these most have not been analyzed in detail. With focus on CIZ1, here we describe 1) the contribution of intrinsically disordered regions in RNA-dependent protein assembly formation at the inactive X chromosome, and 2) enrichment, distribution, and function of proteins within Xist-seeded assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Sofi
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Coverley
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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2
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Sofi S, Williamson L, Turvey GL, Scoynes C, Hirst C, Godwin J, Brockdorff N, Ainscough J, Coverley D. Prion-like domains drive CIZ1 assembly formation at the inactive X chromosome. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213067. [PMID: 35289833 PMCID: PMC8927971 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CIZ1 forms large assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in female fibroblasts in an Xist lncRNA-dependent manner and is required for accurate maintenance of polycomb targets genome-wide. Here we address requirements for assembly formation and show that CIZ1 undergoes two direct interactions with Xist, via independent N- and C-terminal domains. Interaction with Xist, assembly at Xi, and complexity of self-assemblies formed in vitro are modulated by two alternatively spliced glutamine-rich prion-like domains (PLD1 and 2). PLD2 is dispensable for accumulation at existing CIZ1-Xi assemblies in wild-type cells but is required in CIZ1-null cells where targeting, assembly, and enrichment for H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub occur de novo. In contrast, PLD1 is required for both de novo assembly and accumulation at preexisting assemblies and, in vitro, drives formation of a stable fibrillar network. Together they impart affinity for RNA and a complex relationship with repeat E of Xist. These data show that alternative splicing of two PLDs modulates CIZ1's ability to build large RNA-protein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Sofi
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Louisa Williamson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Gabrielle L Turvey
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Charlotte Scoynes
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Hirst
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jonathan Godwin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Brockdorff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin Ainscough
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Dawn Coverley
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
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3
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Kivrak E, Pauzaite T, Copeland NA, Hardy JG, Kara P, Firlak M, Yardimci AI, Yilmaz S, Palaz F, Ozsoz M. Detection of CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Mutations Using a Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrochemical Genosensor. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11010017. [PMID: 33429883 PMCID: PMC7827051 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has facilitated the genetic modification of various model organisms and cell lines. The outcomes of any CRISPR-Cas9 assay should be investigated to ensure/improve the precision of genome engineering. In this study, carbon nanotube-modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes (CNT/PGEs) were used to develop a label-free electrochemical nanogenosensor for the detection of point mutations generated in the genome by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Carbodiimide chemistry was used to immobilize the 5'-aminohexyl-linked inosine-substituted probe on the surface of the sensor. After hybridization between the target sequence and probe at the sensor surface, guanine oxidation signals were monitored using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Optimization of the sensitivity of the nanogenoassay resulted in a lower detection limit of 213.7 nM. The nanogenosensor was highly specific for the detection of the precisely edited DNA sequence. This method allows for a rapid and easy investigation of the products of CRISPR-based gene editing and can be further developed to an array system for multiplex detection of different-gene editing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Kivrak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Tekle Pauzaite
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (T.P.); (N.A.C.)
| | - Nikki A. Copeland
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (T.P.); (N.A.C.)
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK; (J.G.H.); (M.F.)
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Pinar Kara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Melike Firlak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK; (J.G.H.); (M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Atike I. Yardimci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35430, Turkey; (A.I.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Selahattin Yilmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35430, Turkey; (A.I.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Fahreddin Palaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (M.O.)
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4
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Wang Z, Qi Y, Wang R, Wu W, Li Z, Wang M, Liu R, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. IGFBP6 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and morphology via cyclin E-CDK2. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9538-9556. [PMID: 32529639 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of varicose veins, the underlying pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using a protein array approach, we identified several differentially expressed proteins between varicose great saphenous veins and normal great saphenous veins. Bioinformatic analysis showed that IGFBP6 was closely related to cell proliferation. Further validation confirmed that IGFBP6 was one of the most highly expressed proteins in varicose vein tissue. Knocking down IGFBP6 in VSMCs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and induced the S phase arrest during the cell cycle. Further experiments demonstrated that IGFBP6 knockdown increased cyclin E ubiquitination, which reduced expression of cyclin E and phosphorylation of CDK2. Furthermore, IGFBP6 knockdown arrested centrosome replication, which subsequently influenced VSMC morphology. Ultimately, IGFBP6 was validated to be involved in VSMC proliferation in varicose vein tissues. The present study reveals that IGFBP6 is closely correlated with VSMC biological function and provides unprecedented insights into the underlying pathogenesis of varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecun Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunling Qi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Su X, Yang H, Shi R, Zhang C, Liu H, Fan Z, Zhang J. Depletion of SNRNP200 inhibits the osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation and cell proliferation potential of stem cells from the apical papilla. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 33203369 PMCID: PMC7672972 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue regeneration mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is deemed a desirable way to repair teeth and craniomaxillofacial tissue defects. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms about cell proliferation and committed differentiation of MSCs remain obscure. Previous researches have proved that lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) performed significant function in the regulation of MSC proliferation and differentiation. SNRNP200, as a co-binding factor of KDM2A, its potential effect in regulating MSCs' function is still unclear. Therefore, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were used to investigate the function of SNRNP200 in this research. METHODS The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red staining, and osteogenesis-related gene expressions were used to examine osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation potential. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and cell cycle analysis were applied to detect the cell proliferation. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins. RESULTS Depletion of SNRNP200 caused an obvious decrease of ALP activity, mineralization formation and the expressions of osteo-/dentinogenic genes including RUNX2, DSPP, DMP1 and BSP. Meanwhile, CFSE and cell cycle assays revealed that knock-down of SNRNP200 inhibited the cell proliferation and blocked cell cycle at the G2/M and S phase in SCAPs. In addition, it was found that depletion of SNRNP200 up-regulated p21 and p53, and down-regulated the CDK1, CyclinB, CyclinE and CDK2. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of SNRNP200 repressed osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation potentials and restrained cell proliferation through blocking cell cycle progression at the G2/M and S phase, further revealing that SNRNP200 has crucial effects on preserving the proliferation and differentiation potentials of dental tissue-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruitang Shi
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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6
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Identification of DHX9 as a cell cycle regulated nucleolar recruitment factor for CIZ1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18103. [PMID: 33093612 PMCID: PMC7582970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CIP1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) is a nuclear matrix associated protein that facilitates a number of nuclear functions including initiation of DNA replication, epigenetic maintenance and associates with the inactive X-chromosome. Here, to gain more insight into the protein networks that underpin this diverse functionality, molecular panning and mass spectrometry are used to identify protein interaction partners of CIZ1, and CIZ1 replication domain (CIZ1-RD). STRING analysis of CIZ1 interaction partners identified 2 functional clusters: ribosomal subunits and nucleolar proteins including the DEAD box helicases, DHX9, DDX5 and DDX17. DHX9 shares common functions with CIZ1, including interaction with XIST long-non-coding RNA, epigenetic maintenance and regulation of DNA replication. Functional characterisation of the CIZ1-DHX9 complex showed that CIZ1-DHX9 interact in vitro and dynamically colocalise within the nucleolus from early to mid S-phase. CIZ1-DHX9 nucleolar colocalisation is dependent upon RNA polymerase I activity and is abolished by depletion of DHX9. In addition, depletion of DHX9 reduced cell cycle progression from G1 to S-phase in mouse fibroblasts. The data suggest that DHX9-CIZ1 are required for efficient cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition and that nucleolar recruitment is integral to their mechanism of action.
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7
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Gao M, Zheng A, Chen L, Dang F, Liu X, Gao J. Benzo(a)pyrene affects proliferation with reference to metabolic genes and ROS/HIF-1α/HO-1 signaling in A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:741-749. [PMID: 32506967 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1774602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound, which has been implicated in cancer initiation and promotion. Although BaP is one of the most extensively studied pollutants, the underlying mechanisms through which BaP affects reactive oxygen species (ROS)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) signaling during lung or breast carcinogenesis are not yet fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of 0 (control), 1, 5, or 25 µM BaP exposure on A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells, by evaluating cell viability, cell cycle, and regulatory protein expression, metabolic gene expression, and ROS/HIF-1α/HO-1 signaling. Cell viability increased following exposure to 1 and 5 µM BaP in A549 cells but decreased following exposure to all concentrations of BaP in MCF-7 cells. BaP significantly increased the proportions of cells in S and G2/M phases, with concomitant reductions in the proportions of cells in G0/G1 phase, following 5 and 25 µM exposure, which was accompanied by the upregulation of the regulatory proteins cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1, and CDK2. The subsequent upregulation of cytochrome p450 (CYP)1A1, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, epoxide hydrolase (EH), aldo-keto reductase (AKRC1) expression, and the attenuation of multi-drug resistance protein 4 (MRP4), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)1A1, and GST1B1 were also observed in both cell lines. Moreover, the induction of ROS and the modulation of HIF-1α and HO-1 were observed after BaP exposure. Taken together, these findings suggest that BaP affects proliferation with reference to metabolic genes and ROS/HIF-1α/HO-1 signaling in A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Gao
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Colleague of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Aqun Zheng
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lan Chen
- Center of Shared Experimental Facilities, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Dang
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Colleague of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianghong Gao
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Colleague of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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8
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Martínez-Alonso D, Malumbres M. Mammalian cell cycle cyclins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:28-35. [PMID: 32334991 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper progression throughout the cell division cycle depends on the expression level of a family of proteins known as cyclins, and the subsequent activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Among the numerous members of the mammalian cyclin family, only a few of them, cyclins A, B, C, D and E, are known to display critical roles in the cell cycle. These functions will be reviewed here with a special focus on their relevance in different cell types in vivo and their implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martínez-Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Maintenance of epigenetic landscape requires CIZ1 and is corrupted in differentiated fibroblasts in long-term culture. Nat Commun 2019; 10:460. [PMID: 30692537 PMCID: PMC6484225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The inactive X chromosome (Xi) serves as a model for establishment and maintenance of repressed chromatin and the function of polycomb repressive complexes (PRC1/2). Here we show that Xi transiently relocates from the nuclear periphery towards the interior during its replication, in a process dependent on CIZ1. Compromised relocation of Xi in CIZ1-null primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts is accompanied by loss of PRC-mediated H2AK119Ub1 and H3K27me3, increased solubility of PRC2 catalytic subunit EZH2, and genome-wide deregulation of polycomb-regulated genes. Xi position in S phase is also corrupted in cells adapted to long-term culture (WT or CIZ1-null), and also accompanied by specific changes in EZH2 and its targets. The data are consistent with the idea that chromatin relocation during S phase contributes to maintenance of epigenetic landscape in primary cells, and that elevated soluble EZH2 is part of an error-prone mechanism by which modifying enzyme meets template when chromatin relocation is compromised. The inactive X chromosome (Xi) is a model for establishment and maintenance of repressed chromatin and the function of polycomb repressive complexes. Here the authors show that Xi transiently relocates from the nuclear periphery during replication in a CIZ1-dependent manner, which plays a role in maintaining PRC-mediated repressed chromatin.
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10
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Swarts DRA, Stewart ER, Higgins GS, Coverley D. CIZ1-F, an alternatively spliced variant of the DNA replication protein CIZ1 with distinct expression and localisation, is overrepresented in early stage common solid tumours. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2268-2283. [PMID: 30280956 PMCID: PMC6226236 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1526600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CIZ1 promotes cyclin-dependent DNA replication and resides in sub-nuclear foci that are part of the protein nuclear matrix (NM), and in RNA assemblies that are enriched at the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in female cells. It is subjected to alternative splicing, with specific variants implicated in adult and pediatric cancers. CIZ1-F is characterized by a frame shift that results from splicing exons 8–12 leading to inclusion of a short alternative reading frame (ARF), excluding the previously characterized C-terminal NM anchor domain. Here, we apply a set of novel variant-selective molecular tools targeted to the ARF to profile the expression of CIZ1-F at both transcript and protein levels, with focus on its relationship with the RNA-dependent and -independent fractions of the NM. Unlike full-length CIZ1, CIZ1-F does not accumulate at Xi, though like full-length CIZ1 it does resist extraction with DNase. Notably, CIZ1-F is sensitive to RNase identifying it as part of the RNA-fraction of the NM. In quiescent cells CIZ1-F transcript expression is suppressed and CIZ1-F protein is excluded from the nucleus, with re-expression not observed until the second cell cycle after exit from quiescence. Importantly, CIZ1-F is over-expressed in common solid tumors including colon and breast, pronounced in early stage but not highly-proliferative late stage tumors. Moreover, expression was significantly higher in hormone receptor negative breast tumors than receptor positive tumors. Together these data show that CIZ1-F is expressed in proliferating cells in an unusual cell cycle-dependent manner, and suggest that it may have potential as a tumor biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma R Stewart
- a Department of Biology , The University of York , York , UK
| | | | - Dawn Coverley
- a Department of Biology , The University of York , York , UK
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11
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Xiao J, Khan MM, Vemula S, Tian J, LeDoux MS. Consequences of Cre-mediated deletion of Ciz1 exon 5 in mice. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3101-3110. [PMID: 30098009 PMCID: PMC6275157 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CIZ1 plays a role in DNA synthesis at the G1/S checkpoint. Ciz1 gene-trap null mice manifest motor dysfunction, cell-cycle abnormalities, and DNA damage. In contrast, it has previously been reported that mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from presumed Ciz1 knock-out mice (Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy ) generated by crossing Cre-expressing mice with exon 5-floxed mice (Ciz1tm1Homy/tm1Homy ) do not exhibit evidence of enhanced DNA damage following γ-irradiation or cell-cycle defects. Here, we report that Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy mice show loss of Ciz1 exon 5 but are neurologically normal and express abnormal transcripts (Ciz1ΔE5/ΔE5 mice) that are translated into one or more proteins of approximate wild-type size. Therefore, Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy mice (Ciz1ΔE5/ΔE5 ) lose residues encoded by exon 5 but may gain function from novel amino acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Satya Vemula
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Mark S. LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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12
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Zhou X, Liu Q, Wada Y, Liao L, Liu J. CDKN1A-interacting zinc finger protein 1 is a novel biomarker for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:183-188. [PMID: 29285191 PMCID: PMC5738676 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKN1A-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1), a nuclear protein that participates in DNA replication, is involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. However, the role of CIZ1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is not fully understood. In the present study, the expression of CIZ1 in tissue microarrays and surgical samples of human LSCCs was examined. CIZ1 expression was found to be significantly increased in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent tissues or normal controls, whereas expression of a CIZ1-interacting protein, p21Cip1/Waf1, was decreased. CIZ1 staining intensity and CIZ1-positive vascular invasion were positively correlated with at least two categories of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system (T stage, N stage or TNM stage). It was also observed that CIZ1 was specifically expressed in the vascular cells of LSCC tissues. These results indicate that overexpression of CIZ1 may contribute to the growth and angiogenesis of LSCC, thus CIZ1 could represent a biomarker for diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Youichiro Wada
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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13
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Repeat E anchors Xist RNA to the inactive X chromosomal compartment through CDKN1A-interacting protein (CIZ1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10654-10659. [PMID: 28923964 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711206114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation is an epigenetic dosage compensation mechanism in female mammals driven by the long noncoding RNA, Xist. Although recent genomic and proteomic approaches have provided a more global view of Xist's function, how Xist RNA localizes to the inactive X chromosome (Xi) and spreads in cis remains unclear. Here, we report that the CDKN1-interacting zinc finger protein CIZ1 is critical for localization of Xist RNA to the Xi chromosome territory. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) shows a tight association of CIZ1 with Xist RNA at the single-molecule level. CIZ1 interacts with a specific region within Xist exon 7-namely, the highly repetitive Repeat E motif. Using genetic analysis, we show that loss of CIZ1 or deletion of Repeat E in female cells phenocopies one another in causing Xist RNA to delocalize from the Xi and disperse into the nucleoplasm. Interestingly, this interaction is exquisitely sensitive to CIZ1 levels, as overexpression of CIZ1 likewise results in Xist delocalization. As a consequence, this delocalization is accompanied by a decrease in H3K27me3 on the Xi. Our data reveal that CIZ1 plays a major role in ensuring stable association of Xist RNA within the Xi territory.
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14
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Ridings-Figueroa R, Stewart ER, Nesterova TB, Coker H, Pintacuda G, Godwin J, Wilson R, Haslam A, Lilley F, Ruigrok R, Bageghni SA, Albadrani G, Mansfield W, Roulson JA, Brockdorff N, Ainscough JFX, Coverley D. The nuclear matrix protein CIZ1 facilitates localization of Xist RNA to the inactive X-chromosome territory. Genes Dev 2017; 31:876-888. [PMID: 28546514 PMCID: PMC5458755 DOI: 10.1101/gad.295907.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, Ridings-Figueroa et al. show that the nuclear matrix protein Cip1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) is highly enriched on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in mouse and human female cells and is retained by interaction with the RNA-dependent nuclear matrix. Their findings suggest that CIZ1 has an essential role in anchoring Xist to the nuclear matrix in specific somatic lineages. The nuclear matrix protein Cip1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) promotes DNA replication in association with cyclins and has been linked to adult and pediatric cancers. Here we show that CIZ1 is highly enriched on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in mouse and human female cells and is retained by interaction with the RNA-dependent nuclear matrix. CIZ1 is recruited to Xi in response to expression of X inactive-specific transcript (Xist) RNA during the earliest stages of X inactivation in embryonic stem cells and is dependent on the C-terminal nuclear matrix anchor domain of CIZ1 and the E repeats of Xist. CIZ1-null mice, although viable, display fully penetrant female-specific lymphoproliferative disorder. Interestingly, in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells derived from CIZ1-null embryos, Xist RNA localization is disrupted, being highly dispersed through the nucleoplasm rather than focal. Focal localization is reinstated following re-expression of CIZ1. Focal localization of Xist RNA is also disrupted in activated B and T cells isolated from CIZ1-null animals, suggesting a possible explanation for female-specific lymphoproliferative disorder. Together, these findings suggest that CIZ1 has an essential role in anchoring Xist to the nuclear matrix in specific somatic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma R Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana B Nesterova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Coker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Pintacuda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Godwin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan Haslam
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Lilley
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Renate Ruigrok
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sumia A Bageghni
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ghadeer Albadrani
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - William Mansfield
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-An Roulson
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine (LIMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Brockdorff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Justin F X Ainscough
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Coverley
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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15
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Bageghni SA, Frentzou GA, Drinkhill MJ, Mansfield W, Coverley D, Ainscough JFX. Cardiomyocyte--specific expression of the nuclear matrix protein, CIZ1, stimulates production of mono-nucleated cells with an extended window of proliferation in the postnatal mouse heart. Biol Open 2017; 6:92-99. [PMID: 27934662 PMCID: PMC5278428 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury in mammals leads to heart failure through pathological cardiac remodelling that includes hypertrophy, fibrosis and ventricular dilatation. Central to this is inability of the mammalian cardiomyocyte to self-renew due to entering a quiescent state after birth. Modulation of the cardiomyocyte cell-cycle after injury is therefore a target mechanism to limit damage and potentiate repair and regeneration. Here, we show that cardiomyocyte-specific over-expression of the nuclear-matrix-associated DNA replication protein, CIZ1, extends their window of proliferation during cardiac development, delaying onset of terminal differentiation without compromising function. CIZ1-expressing hearts are enlarged, but the cardiomyocytes are smaller with an overall increase in number, correlating with increased DNA replication after birth and retention of an increased proportion of mono-nucleated cardiomyocytes into adulthood. Furthermore, these CIZ1 induced changes in the heart reduce the impact of myocardial injury, identifying CIZ1 as a putative therapeutic target for cardiac repair. Summary: An inducible mouse model was developed to show that CIZ1 extends the window of cardiomyocyte proliferation and reduces the impact of injury on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dawn Coverley
- Biology Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Justin F X Ainscough
- LICAMM, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK .,Biology Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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16
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Emerging Roles for Ciz1 in Cell Cycle Regulation and as a Driver of Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2016; 7:biom7010001. [PMID: 28036012 PMCID: PMC5372713 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise duplication of the genome is a prerequisite for the health and longevity of multicellular organisms. The temporal regulation of origin specification, replication licensing, and firing at replication origins is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinases. Here the role of Cip1 interacting Zinc finger protein 1 (Ciz1) in regulation of cell cycle progression is discussed. Ciz1 contributes to regulation of the G1/S transition in mammalian cells. Ciz1 contacts the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) through cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6) interactions and aids localization of cyclin A- cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity to chromatin and the nuclear matrix during initiation of DNA replication. We discuss evidence that Ciz1 serves as a kinase sensor that regulates both initiation of DNA replication and prevention of re-replication. Finally, the emerging role for Ciz1 in cancer biology is discussed. Ciz1 is overexpressed in common tumors and tumor growth is dependent on Ciz1 expression, suggesting that Ciz1 is a driver of tumor growth. We present evidence that Ciz1 may contribute to deregulation of the cell cycle due to its ability to alter the CDK activity thresholds that are permissive for initiation of DNA replication. We propose that Ciz1 may contribute to oncogenesis by induction of DNA replication stress and that Ciz1 may be a multifaceted target in cancer therapy.
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17
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Coverley D, Higgins G, West D, Jackson OT, Dowle A, Haslam A, Ainscough E, Chalkley R, White J. A quantitative immunoassay for lung cancer biomarker CIZ1b in patient plasma. Clin Biochem 2016; 50:336-343. [PMID: 27867087 PMCID: PMC5441127 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-invasive tests for early detection of lung cancer are an important unmet clinical need. CIZ1b plasma biomarker can discriminate stage 1 lung cancer from within high-risk groups with clinically useful accuracy, with ROC AUCs in excess of 0.9 for two independent retrospective cohorts, and could therefore meet this need. Our aim was to characterise the native state of the biomarker and develop a quantitative immunoassay. DESIGN AND METHODS Selective denaturation, preparative electrophoresis and mass spectrometry of human plasma were used to characterise the biomarker and interaction partners. A sandwich ELISA was generated, and specificity for CIZ1b biomarker tested on lung cancer patient plasma. RESULTS CIZ1b biomarker is a denaturation-resistant complex between a C-terminal fragment of CIZ1 bearing the CIZ1b epitope specified by alternative splicing of exon14, and fibrinogen alpha chain. Reconstitution of the biomarker epitope with purified fibrinogen and CIZ1b, but not CIZ1a (non-alternatively spliced exon 14) confirmed the specificity of the results. The endogenous complex is highly stable in lung cancer plasma and can be quantified by pairing of a CIZ1b exon-junction specific antibody with detection of fibrinogen. Application of this sandwich ELISA to a prospectively collected development set of plasmas reveals the same level of accuracy as the western blot used to validate the discriminatory capability of the biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Unexpected and unusual molecular structure of CIZ1b in native plasma has complicated immunoassay design, and delayed translation of this promising biomarker. However, CIZ1b can now be measured using a high-throughput, hospital-friendly sandwich ELISA format, overcoming an important barrier to further clinical development and application of this blood test for early stage lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Coverley
- Cizzle Biotech, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, UK.
| | - Gillian Higgins
- Cizzle Biotech, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Daniel West
- Cizzle Biotech, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Oliver T Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, UK; Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Adam Dowle
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Aidan Haslam
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Eve Ainscough
- Cizzle Biotech, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Rebecca Chalkley
- Cizzle Biotech, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, UK
| | - John White
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, YO31 8HE, UK
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18
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Xiao J, Vemula SR, Xue Y, Khan MM, Kuruvilla KP, Marquez-Lona EM, Cobb MR, LeDoux MS. Motor phenotypes and molecular networks associated with germline deficiency of Ciz1. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:110-20. [PMID: 27163549 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A missense mutation in CIZ1 (c.790A>G, p.S264G) was linked to autosomal dominant cervical dystonia in a large multiplex Caucasian pedigree (OMIM614860, DYT23). CIZ1 is a p21((Cip1/Waf1)) -interacting zinc finger protein, widely expressed in neural and extra-neural tissues, and plays a role in DNA synthesis at the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint. The role of CIZ1 in the nervous system and relative contributions of gain- or loss- of function to the pathogenesis of CIZ1-associated dystonia remain indefinite. Using relative quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, cerebellum showed the highest expression levels of Ciz1 in adult mouse brain, over two fold higher than liver, and higher than striatum, midbrain and cerebral cortex. Overall, neural expression of Ciz1 increased with postnatal age. A Ciz1 gene-trap knock-out (KO) mouse model (Ciz1(-/-)) was generated to examine the functional role(s) of CIZ1 in the sensorimotor nervous system and contributions of CIZ1 to cell-cycle control in the mammalian brain. Ciz1 transcripts were absent in Ciz1(-/-) mice and reduced by approximately 50% in Ciz1(+/-) mice. Ciz1(-/-) mice were fertile but smaller than wild-type (WT) littermates. Ciz1(-/-) mice did not manifest dystonia, but exhibited mild motoric abnormalities on balance, open-field activity, and gait. To determine the effects of germline KO of Ciz1 on whole-genome gene expression in adult brain, total RNA from mouse cerebellum was harvested from 6 10-month old Ciz1(-/-) mice and 6 age- and gender- matched WT littermates for whole-genome gene expression analysis. Based on whole-genome gene-expression analyses, genes involved in cellular movement, cell development, cellular growth, cellular morphology and cell-to-cell signaling and interaction were up-regulated in Ciz1(-/-) mice. The top up-regulated pathways were metabolic and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Down-regulated genes were involved in cell cycle, cellular development, cell death and survival, gene expression and cell morphology. Down-regulated networks included those related to metabolism, focal adhesion, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and MAPK signaling. Based on pathway analyses, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a member of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was a major hub for down-regulated genes, whereas NF-κB was a major hub for up-regulated genes. In aggregate, these data suggest that CIZ1 may be involved in the post-mitotic differentiation of neurons in response to external signals and changes in gene expression may compensate, in part, for CIZ1 deficiency in our Ciz1(-/-) mouse model. Although CIZ1 deficiency was associated with mild motor abnormalities, germline loss of Ciz1 was not associated with dystonia on the C57BL/6J background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Satya R Vemula
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yi Xue
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad M Khan
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Korah P Kuruvilla
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Esther M Marquez-Lona
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Madison R Cobb
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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19
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Lei L, Wu J, Gu D, Liu H, Wang S. CIZ1 interacts with YAP and activates its transcriptional activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11073-9. [PMID: 26906552 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of Hippo-Yes-associate protein (YAP) signaling has important roles in the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous studies have shown that Cip1 interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) activated YAP signaling in the HCC cells and promoted the growth and migration of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms for the activation of YAP signaling by CIZ1 are unknown. In this study, it was found that CIZ1 interacted with the transcriptional factor YAP in HCC cells. The nuclear matrix anchor domain of CIZ1 is responsible for its interaction with YAP. Moreover, CIZ1 enhanced the interaction between YAP and TEAD. Knocking down the expression of CIZ1 impaired the transcriptional activity as well as the biological functions of YAP. Taken together, our study demonstrated that CIZ1 is a positive regulator of YAP signaling, and CIZ1 might be a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6th of West Beijing Road, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6th of West Beijing Road, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianhua Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6th of West Beijing Road, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Shaochuang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6th of West Beijing Road, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, 223300, People's Republic of China.
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20
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The Role of Cdkn1A-Interacting Zinc Finger Protein 1 (CIZ1) in DNA Replication and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:212. [PMID: 26861296 PMCID: PMC4783944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdkn1A-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) was first identified in a yeast-2-hybrid system searching for interacting proteins of CDK2 inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1. Ciz1 also binds to CDK2, cyclin A, cyclin E, CDC6, PCNA, TCF4 and estrogen receptor-α. Recent studies reveal numerous biological functions of CIZ1 in DNA replication, cell proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, splicing variants of CIZ1 mRNA is associated with a variety of cancers and Alzheimer’s disease, and mutations of the CIZ1 gene lead to cervical dystonia. CIZ1 expression is increased in cancers and rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we will summarize the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of CIZ1 in these physiological and pathological processes.
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21
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Marriott AS, Copeland NA, Cunningham R, Wilkinson MC, McLennan AG, Jones NJ. Diadenosine 5', 5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is synthesized in response to DNA damage and inhibits the initiation of DNA replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015. [PMID: 26204256 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The level of intracellular diadenosine 5', 5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) increases several fold in mammalian cells treated with non-cytotoxic doses of interstrand DNA-crosslinking agents such as mitomycin C. It is also increased in cells lacking DNA repair proteins including XRCC1, PARP1, APTX and FANCG, while >50-fold increases (up to around 25 μM) are achieved in repair mutants exposed to mitomycin C. Part of this induced Ap4A is converted into novel derivatives, identified as mono- and di-ADP-ribosylated Ap4A. Gene knockout experiments suggest that DNA ligase III is primarily responsible for the synthesis of damage-induced Ap4A and that PARP1 and PARP2 can both catalyze its ADP-ribosylation. Degradative proteins such as aprataxin may also contribute to the increase. Using a cell-free replication system, Ap4A was found to cause a marked inhibition of the initiation of DNA replicons, while elongation was unaffected. Maximum inhibition of 70-80% was achieved with 20 μM Ap4A. Ap3A, Ap5A, Gp4G and ADP-ribosylated Ap4A were without effect. It is proposed that Ap4A acts as an important inducible ligand in the DNA damage response to prevent the replication of damaged DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Marriott
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Nikki A Copeland
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Ryan Cunningham
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark C Wilkinson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Alexander G McLennan
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Nigel J Jones
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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