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Muranaka Y, Shigetomi R, Iwasaki Y, Hamamoto A, Nakayama K, Takatsu H, Shin HW. Novel phosphatidylinositol flippases contribute to phosphoinositide homeostasis in the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2024; 481:1187-1202. [PMID: 39258799 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol is a precursor of various phosphoinositides, which play crucial roles in intracellular signaling and membrane dynamics and have impact on diverse aspects of cell physiology. Phosphoinositide synthesis and turnover occur in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the organellar and plasma membranes. P4-ATPases (lipid flippases) are responsible for translocating membrane lipids from the exoplasmic (luminal) to the cytoplasmic leaflet, thereby regulating membrane asymmetry. However, the mechanism underlying phosphatidylinositol translocation across cellular membranes remains elusive. Here, we discovered that the phosphatidylcholine flippases ATP8B1, ATP8B2, and ATP10A can also translocate phosphatidylinositol at the plasma membrane. To explore the function of these phosphatidylinositol flippases, we used cells depleted of CDC50A, a protein necessary for P4-ATPase function and ATP8B1 and ATP8B2, which express in HeLa cells. Upon activation of the Gq-coupled receptor, depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] was accelerated in CDC50A knockout (KO) and ATP8B1/8B2 double KO cells compared with control cells, suggesting a decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels within the plasma membrane of the KO cells upon stimulation. These findings highlight the important role of P4-ATPases in maintaining phosphoinositide homeostasis and suggest a mechanism for asymmetry of phosphatidylinositol in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeka Muranaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Shigetomi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yugo Iwasaki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Takatsu H, Nishimura N, Kosugi Y, Ogawa H, Nakayama K, Colin E, Platzer K, Abou Jamra R, Redler S, Prouteau C, Ziegler A, Shin HW. De Novo Missense Variations of ATP8B2 Impair Its Phosphatidylcholine Flippase Activity. Mol Cell Biol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39219493 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2391829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
P4-ATPases comprise a family of lipid flippases that translocate lipids from the exoplasmic (or luminal) to the cytoplasmic leaflet of biological membranes. Of the 14 known human P4-ATPases, ATP8B2 is a phosphatidylcholine flippase at the plasma membrane, but its physiological function is not well understood. Although ATP8B2 could interact with both CDC50A and CDC50B, it required only the CDC50A interaction for its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent transport to the plasma membrane. Three de novo monoallelic missense variations of ATP8B2 were found in patients with intellectual disability. None of these variations affected the interaction of ATP8B2 with CDC50A or its localization to the plasma membrane. However, variations of either of two amino acid residues, which are conserved in all P4-ATPases, significantly reduced the phosphatidylcholine flippase activity of ATP8B2. Furthermore, mutations in the corresponding residues of ATP8B1 and ATP11C were found to decrease their flippase activities toward phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine, respectively. These results indicate that the conserved amino acid residues are crucial for the enzymatic activities of the P4-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Narumi Nishimura
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kosugi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Ogawa
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Estelle Colin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke Redler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Clément Prouteau
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Biadun M, Sochacka M, Kalka M, Chorazewska A, Karelus R, Krowarsch D, Opalinski L, Zakrzewska M. Uncovering key steps in FGF12 cellular release reveals a common mechanism for unconventional FGF protein secretion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:356. [PMID: 39158730 PMCID: PMC11335280 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
FGF12 belongs to a subfamily of FGF proteins called FGF homologous factors (FHFs), which until recently were thought to be non-signaling intracellular proteins. Our recent studies have shown that although they lack a conventional signal peptide for secretion, they can reach the extracellular space, especially under stress conditions. Here, we unraveled that the long "a" isoform of FGF12 is secreted in a pathway involving the A1 subunit of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase (ATP1A1), Tec kinase and lipids such as phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine. Further, we showed that the short "b" isoform of FGF12, which binds ATP1A1 and phosphatidylserine less efficiently, is not secreted from cells. We also indicated regions in the FGF12a protein sequence that are crucial for its secretion, including N-terminal fragment and specific residues, and proposed that liquid-liquid phase separation may be important in this process. Our results strongly suggest that the mechanism of this process is very similar for all unconventionally secreted FGF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Biadun
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorazewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Karelus
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Daniel Krowarsch
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland.
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Zhang L, Kitzmiller CE, Richard AS, Popli S, Choe H. The ability of human TIM1 to bind phosphatidylethanolamine enhances viral uptake and efferocytosis compared to rhesus and mouse orthologs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605603. [PMID: 39131348 PMCID: PMC11312472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin (TIM)-family proteins facilitate the clearance of apoptotic cells, are involved in immune regulation, and promote infection of enveloped viruses. These processes are frequently studied in experimental animals such as mice or rhesus macaques, but functional differences among the TIM orthologs from these species have not been described. Previously, we reported that while all three human TIM proteins bind phosphatidylserine (PS), only human TIM1 (hTIM1) binds phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and that this PE-binding ability contributes to both phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and virus infection. Here we show that rhesus macaque TIM1 (rhTIM1) and mouse TIM1 (mTIM1) bind PS but not PE and that their inability to bind PE makes them less efficient than hTIM1. We also show that alteration of only two residues of mTIM1 or rhTIM1 enables them to bind both PE and PS, and that these PE-binding variants are more efficient at phagocytosis and mediating viral entry. Further, we demonstrate that the mucin domain also contributes to the binding of the virions and apoptotic cells, although it does not directly bind phospholipid. Interestingly, contribution of the hTIM1 mucin domain is more pronounced in the presence of a PE-binding head domain. These results demonstrate that rhTIM1 and mTIM1 are inherently less functional than hTIM1, owing to their inability to bind PE and their less functional mucin domains. They also imply that mouse and macaque models underestimate the activity of hTIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhou Zhang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Claire E. Kitzmiller
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Audrey S. Richard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sonam Popli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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5
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Doktorova M, Levental I, Heberle FA. Seeing the Membrane from Both Sides Now: Lipid Asymmetry and Its Strange Consequences. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041393. [PMID: 37604588 PMCID: PMC10691478 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Almost all biomembranes are constructed as lipid bilayers and, in almost all of these, the two opposing monolayers (leaflets) have distinct lipid compositions. This lipid asymmetry arises through the concerted action of a suite of energy-dependent enzymes that maintain living bilayers in a far-from-equilibrium steady-state. Recent discoveries reveal that lipid compositional asymmetry imparts biophysical asymmetries and that this dualistic organization may have major consequences for cellular physiology. Importantly, while transbilayer asymmetry appears to be an essential, near-ubiquitous characteristic of biological membranes, it has been challenging to reproduce in reconstituted or synthetic systems. Although recent methodological developments have overcome some critical challenges, it remains difficult to extrapolate results from available models to biological systems. Concurrently, there are few experimental approaches for targeted, controlled manipulation of lipid asymmetry in living cells. Thus, the biophysical and functional consequences of membrane asymmetry remain almost wholly unexplored. This perspective summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights emerging themes that are beginning to make inroads into the fundamental question of why life tends toward asymmetry in its bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Doktorova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Frederick A Heberle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Watanabe H, Hanashima S, Yano Y, Yasuda T, Murata M. Passive Translocation of Phospholipids in Asymmetric Model Membranes: Solid-State 1H NMR Characterization of Flip-Flop Kinetics Using Deuterated Sphingomyelin and Phosphatidylcholine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15189-15199. [PMID: 37729012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Although lateral and inter-leaflet lipid-lipid interactions in cell membranes play roles in maintaining asymmetric lipid bilayers, the molecular basis of these interactions is largely unknown. Here, we established a method to determine the distribution ratio of phospholipids between the outer and inner leaflets of asymmetric large unilamellar vesicles (aLUVs). The trimethylammonium group, (CH3)3N+, in the choline headgroup of N-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (PSM) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) gave rise to a relatively sharp signal in magic-angle spinning solid-state 1H NMR (MAS-ss-1H NMR). PSM and DOPC have the same headgroup structure, but one phospholipid was selectively observed by deuterating the trimethylammonium group of the other phospholipid. The addition of Pr3+ to the medium surrounding aLUVs selectively shifted the chemical shift of the (CH3)3N+ group in the outer leaflet from that in the inner leaflet, which allowed estimation of the inter-leaflet distribution ratio of the unlabeled lipid in aLUVs. Using this method, we evaluated the translocation of PSM and DOPC between the outer and inner leaflets of the cholesterol-containing aLUVs, with PSM and DOPC mostly distributed in the outer and inner leaflets, respectively, immediately after aLUV preparation; their flip and flop rates were approximately 2.7 and 6.4 × 10-6 s-1, respectively. During the passive symmetrization of aLUVs, the lipid translocation rate was decreased due to changes in the membrane order, probably through the formation of the registered liquid-ordered domains. Comparison of the result with that of symmetric LUVs revealed that lipid asymmetry may not significantly affect the lipid translocation rates, while the lateral lipid-lipid interaction may be a dominant factor in lipid translocation under these conditions. These findings highlight the importance of considering the effects of lateral lipid interactions within the same leaflet on lipid flip-flop rates when evaluating the asymmetry of phospholipids in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Yo Yano
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
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Murate M, Yokoyama N, Tomishige N, Richert L, Humbert N, Pollet B, Makino A, Kono N, Mauri L, Aoki J, Sako Y, Sonnino S, Komura N, Ando H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Inamori KI, Inokuchi JI, Mély Y, Iwabuchi K, Kobayashi T. Cell density-dependent membrane distribution of ganglioside GM3 in melanoma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:167. [PMID: 37249637 PMCID: PMC11073213 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Monosialoganglioside GM3 is the simplest ganglioside involved in various cellular signaling. Cell surface distribution of GM3 is thought to be crucial for the function of GM3, but little is known about the cell surface GM3 distribution. It was shown that anti-GM3 monoclonal antibody binds to GM3 in sparse but not in confluent melanoma cells. Our model membrane study evidenced that monoclonal anti-GM3 antibodies showed stronger binding when GM3 was in less fluid membrane environment. Studies using fluorescent GM3 analogs suggested that GM3 was clustered in less fluid membrane. Moreover, fluorescent lifetime measurement showed that cell surface of high density melanoma cells is more fluid than that of low density cells. Lipidomics and fatty acid supplementation experiment suggested that monounsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylcholine contributed to the cell density-dependent membrane fluidity. Our results indicate that anti-GM3 antibody senses GM3 clustering and the number and/or size of GM3 cluster differ between sparse and confluent melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Humbert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Pollet
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Asami Makino
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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8
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Iwabuchi K, Prinetti A. Afterword (Editorial). Glycoconj J 2023; 40:119-122. [PMID: 36322334 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan.
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Segrate, Milano, Italy
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9
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Mapping trasmembrane distribution of sphingomyelin. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:31-45. [PMID: 36692108 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge on the asymmetric distribution of sphingomyelin (SM) in the plasma membrane is largely based on the biochemical analysis of erythrocytes using sphingomyelinase (SMase). However, recent studies showed that the product of SMase, ceramide, disturbs transmembrane lipid distribution. This led to the development of the complimentary histochemical method, which combines electron microscopy and SM-binding proteins. This review discusses the advantages and caveats of published methods of measuring transbilayer distribution of SM. Recent finding of the proteins involved in the transbilayer movement of SM will also be summarized.
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10
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Reyes Ballista JM, Miazgowicz KL, Acciani MD, Jimenez AR, Belloli RS, Havranek KE, Brindley MA. Chikungunya virus entry and infectivity is primarily facilitated through cell line dependent attachment factors in mammalian and mosquito cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1085913. [PMID: 36743418 PMCID: PMC9895848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1085913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the causative agent of the human disease chikungunya fever, characterized by debilitating acute and chronic arthralgia. No licensed vaccines or antivirals are currently available for CHIKV. Therefore, the prevention of attachment of viral particles to host cells is a potential intervention strategy. As an arbovirus, CHIKV infects a wide variety of cells in both its mammalian and mosquito host. This broad cell tropism might stem from CHIKV's ability to bind to a variety of entry factors in the host cell including phosphatidylserine receptors (PSRs), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and the proteinaceous receptor Mxra8, among others. In this study, we aimed to determine the relevance of each attachment factor during CHIKV entry into a panel of mammalian and mosquito cells. Our data suggest that the importance of particular binding factors during CHIKV infection is highly cell line dependent. Entry into mammalian Vero cells was mediated through attachment to PSRs, mainly T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 (TIM-1). Conversely, CHIKV infection into HAP1 and NIH3T3 was predominantly mediated by heparan sulfate (HS) and Mxra8, respectively. Entry into mosquito cells was independent of PSRs, HS, and Mxra8. Although entry into mosquito cells remains unclear, our data denotes the importance of careful evaluation of reagents used to identify receptor use in invertebrate cells. While PSRs, GAGs, and Mxra8 all enhance entry in a cell line dependent manner, none of these factors are necessary for CHIKV entry, suggesting additional host factors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Mary Reyes Ballista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kerri L. Miazgowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Marissa D. Acciani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ariana R. Jimenez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ryan S. Belloli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Katherine E. Havranek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Melinda A. Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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11
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Nakayama H, Hanafusa K, Iwabuchi K. Biochemical and Microscopic Analyses for Sphingolipids and Its Related Molecules in Phagosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:203-214. [PMID: 36587081 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) form GSL-enriched microdomains, together with sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, and membrane-associated signaling molecules. GSL-enriched microdomains mediate a variety of physiological functions, including innate immune responses. Innate immune responses are initialized by the binding of host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed in microorganisms. This binding triggers phagocytosis and leads to the formation of a phagosome-containing microorganism and the subsequent lysosomal fusion with a phagosome. To detect the molecular interaction between GSL-enriched microdomains, sphingolipids, and signaling molecules from the uptake of the microorganism until the phagosome-containing microorganism fuses with lysosomes, biochemical and microscopic approaches are indispensable. Here, we describe the detailed methods for isolating phagosomes and observing the molecular interaction using a superresolution microscope. Our methodology provides a strategy for exploring the molecular interaction between the host and pathogen and for developing new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. .,Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. .,Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. .,Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. .,Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
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12
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Plant transbilayer lipid asymmetry and the role of lipid flippases. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 7:21-29. [PMID: 36562347 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many biological membranes present an asymmetric lipid distribution between the two leaflets that is known as the transbilayer lipid asymmetry. This asymmetry is essential for cell survival and its loss is related to apoptosis. In mammalian and yeast cells, ATP-dependent transport of lipids to the cytosolic side of the biological membranes, carried out by so-called lipid flippases, contributes to the transbilayer lipid asymmetry. Most of these lipid flippases belong to the P4-ATPase protein family, which is also present in plants. In this review, we summarize the relatively scarce literature concerning the presence of transbilayer lipid asymmetry in different plant cell membranes and revise the potential role of lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family in generation and/or maintenance of this asymmetry.
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13
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Cellular function of (a)symmetric biological membranes. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 7:47-54. [PMID: 36562339 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets of the plasma membrane. The maintenance of asymmetric phospholipid distribution has been demonstrated to be required for a wide range of cellular functions including cell division, cell migration, and signal transduction. However, we recently reported that asymmetric phospholipid distribution is disrupted in Drosophila cell membranes, and this unique phospholipid distribution leads to the formation of highly deformable cell membranes. In addition, it has become clear that asymmetry in the trans-bilayer distribution of phospholipids is disturbed even in living mammalian cells under certain circumstances. In this article, we introduce our recent studies while focusing on the trans-bilayer distribution of phospholipids, and discuss the cellular functions of (a)symmetric biological membranes.
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14
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Long chain ceramides raise the main phase transition of monounsaturated phospholipids to physiological temperature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20803. [PMID: 36460753 PMCID: PMC9718810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of ceramide-mediated cellular signaling. We examined the effects of palmitoyl ceramide (C16-ceramide) and stearoyl ceramide (C18-ceramide) on the phase behavior of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS). As previously published, the presence of ceramides increased the lamellar gel-to-lamellar liquid crystalline (Lβ-Lα) phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE and decreased the Lα-to-inverted hexagonal (Lα-HII) phase transition temperature of POPE. Interestingly, despite an ~ 30° difference in the main phase transition temperatures of POPC and POPE, the Lβ-Lα phase transition temperatures were very close between POPC/C18-ceramide and POPE/C18-ceramide and were near physiological temperature. A comparison of the results of C16-ceramide in published and our own results with those of C18-ceramide indicates that increase of the carbon chain length of ceramide from 16 to 18 and/or the small difference of ceramide content in the membrane dramatically change the phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE to near physiological temperature. Our results support the idea that ceramide signaling is mediated by the alteration of lipid phase-dependent partitioning of signaling proteins.
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15
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Yamaji-Hasegawa A, Murate M, Inaba T, Dohmae N, Sato M, Fujimori F, Sako Y, Greimel P, Kobayashi T. A novel sterol-binding protein reveals heterogeneous cholesterol distribution in neurite outgrowth and in late endosomes/lysosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:324. [PMID: 35644822 PMCID: PMC11072113 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We identified a mushroom-derived protein, maistero-2 that specifically binds 3-hydroxy sterol including cholesterol (Chol). Maistero-2 bound lipid mixture in Chol-dependent manner with a binding threshold of around 30%. Changing lipid composition did not significantly affect the threshold concentration. EGFP-maistero-2 labeled cell surface and intracellular organelle Chol with higher sensitivity than that of well-established Chol probe, D4 fragment of perfringolysin O. EGFP-maistero-2 revealed increase of cell surface Chol during neurite outgrowth and heterogeneous Chol distribution between CD63-positive and LAMP1-positive late endosomes/lysosomes. The absence of strictly conserved Thr-Leu pair present in Chol-dependent cytolysins suggests a distinct Chol-binding mechanism for maistero-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Takehiko Inaba
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN CSRS, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sato
- Yukiguni Maitake Co, Ltd. Yokawa 89, Minamiuonuma, Niigata, 949-6695, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8062, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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16
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Dieudonné T, Herrera SA, Laursen MJ, Lejeune M, Stock C, Slimani K, Jaxel C, Lyons JA, Montigny C, Pomorski TG, Nissen P, Lenoir G. Autoinhibition and regulation by phosphoinositides of ATP8B1, a human lipid flippase associated with intrahepatic cholestatic disorders. eLife 2022; 11:75272. [PMID: 35416773 PMCID: PMC9045818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P4-ATPases flip lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet, thus maintaining lipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes. Mutations in several human P4-ATPase genes are associated with severe diseases, for example in ATP8B1 causing progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, a rare inherited disorder progressing toward liver failure. ATP8B1 forms a binary complex with CDC50A and displays a broad specificity to glycerophospholipids, but regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here, we report functional studies and the cryo-EM structure of the human lipid flippase ATP8B1-CDC50A at 3.1 Å resolution. We find that ATP8B1 is autoinhibited by its N- and C-terminal tails, which form extensive interactions with the catalytic sites and flexible domain interfaces. Consistently, ATP hydrolysis is unleashed by truncation of the C-terminus, but also requires phosphoinositides, most markedly phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-phosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), and removal of both N- and C-termini results in full activation. Restored inhibition of ATP8B1 truncation constructs with a synthetic peptide mimicking the C-terminal segment further suggests molecular communication between N- and C-termini in the autoinhibition and demonstrates that the regulatory mechanism can be interfered with by exogenous compounds. A recurring (G/A)(Y/F)AFS motif of the C-terminal segment suggests that this mechanism is employed widely across P4-ATPase lipid flippases in plasma membrane and endomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Dieudonné
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Maylis Lejeune
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charlott Stock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kahina Slimani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Jaxel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Joseph A Lyons
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cédric Montigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Lenoir
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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17
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Maltan L, Andova AM, Derler I. The Role of Lipids in CRAC Channel Function. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030352. [PMID: 35327543 PMCID: PMC8944985 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and dynamics of the lipid membrane define the physical properties of the bilayer and consequently affect the function of the incorporated membrane transporters, which also applies for the prominent Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ ion channel (CRAC). This channel is activated by receptor-induced Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and consists of two transmembrane proteins, STIM1 and Orai1. STIM1 is anchored in the ER membrane and senses changes in the ER luminal Ca2+ concentration. Orai1 is the Ca2+-selective, pore-forming CRAC channel component located in the plasma membrane (PM). Ca2+ store-depletion of the ER triggers activation of STIM1 proteins, which subsequently leads to a conformational change and oligomerization of STIM1 and its coupling to as well as activation of Orai1 channels at the ER-PM contact sites. Although STIM1 and Orai1 are sufficient for CRAC channel activation, their efficient activation and deactivation is fine-tuned by a variety of lipids and lipid- and/or ER-PM junction-dependent accessory proteins. The underlying mechanisms for lipid-mediated CRAC channel modulation as well as the still open questions, are presented in this review.
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18
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Ma C, Martinez-Rodriguez V, Hoffmann PR. Roles for Selenoprotein I and Ethanolamine Phospholipid Synthesis in T Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011174. [PMID: 34681834 PMCID: PMC8540796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenoprotein family includes 25 members, many of which are antioxidant or redox regulating enzymes. A unique member of this family is Selenoprotein I (SELENOI), which does not catalyze redox reactions, but instead is an ethanolamine phosphotransferase (Ept). In fact, the characteristic selenocysteine residue that defines selenoproteins lies far outside of the catalytic domain of SELENOI. Furthermore, data using recombinant SELENOI lacking the selenocysteine residue have suggested that the selenocysteine amino acid is not directly involved in the Ept reaction. SELENOI is involved in two different pathways for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl PE, which are constituents of cellular membranes. Ethanolamine phospholipid synthesis has emerged as an important process for metabolic reprogramming that occurs in pluripotent stem cells and proliferating tumor cells, and this review discusses roles for upregulation of SELENOI during T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. SELENOI deficiency lowers but does not completely diminish de novo synthesis of PE and plasmenyl PE during T cell activation. Interestingly, metabolic reprogramming in activated SELENOI deficient T cells is impaired and this reduces proliferative capacity while favoring tolerogenic to pathogenic phenotypes that arise from differentiation. The implications of these findings are discussed related to vaccine responses, autoimmunity, and cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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19
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Lenoir G, D'Ambrosio JM, Dieudonné T, Čopič A. Transport Pathways That Contribute to the Cellular Distribution of Phosphatidylserine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737907. [PMID: 34540851 PMCID: PMC8440936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid that displays a highly uneven distribution within cellular membranes, essential for establishment of cell polarity and other processes. In this review, we discuss how combined action of PS biosynthesis enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) acting within membrane contact sites (MCS) between the ER and other compartments, and lipid flippases and scramblases that mediate PS flip-flop between membrane leaflets controls the cellular distribution of PS. Enrichment of PS in specific compartments, in particular in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), requires input of energy, which can be supplied in the form of ATP or by phosphoinositides. Conversely, coupling between PS synthesis or degradation, PS flip-flop and PS transfer may enable PS transfer by passive flow. Such scenario is best documented by recent work on the formation of autophagosomes. The existence of lateral PS nanodomains, which is well-documented in the case of the PM and postulated for other compartments, can change the steepness or direction of PS gradients between compartments. Improvements in cellular imaging of lipids and membranes, lipidomic analysis of complex cellular samples, reconstitution of cellular lipid transport reactions and high-resolution structural data have greatly increased our understanding of cellular PS homeostasis. Our review also highlights how budding yeast has been instrumental for our understanding of the organization and transport of PS in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lenoir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Martín D'Ambrosio
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibaud Dieudonné
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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20
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Segawa K, Kikuchi A, Noji T, Sugiura Y, Hiraga K, Suzuki C, Haginoya K, Kobayashi Y, Matsunaga M, Ochiai Y, Yamada K, Nishimura T, Iwasawa S, Shoji W, Sugihara F, Nishino K, Kosako H, Ikawa M, Uchiyama Y, Suematsu M, Ishikita H, Kure S, Nagata S. A sublethal ATP11A mutation associated with neurological deterioration causes aberrant phosphatidylcholine flipping in plasma membranes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148005. [PMID: 34403372 DOI: 10.1172/jci148005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP11A translocates phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), but not phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), from the outer to the inner leaflet of plasma membranes, thereby maintaining the asymmetric distribution of PtdSer. Here, we detected a de novo heterozygous point mutation of ATP11A in a patient with developmental delays and neurological deterioration. Mice carrying the corresponding mutation died perinatally of neurological disorders. This mutation caused an amino acid substitution (Q84E) in the first transmembrane segment of ATP11A, and mutant ATP11A flipped PtdCho. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the mutation allowed PtdCho binding at the substrate entry site. Aberrant PtdCho flipping markedly decreased the concentration of PtdCho in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes, whereas sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations in the outer leaflet increased. This change in the distribution of phospholipids altered cell characteristics, including cell growth, cholesterol homeostasis, and sensitivity to sphingomyelinase. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) showed a marked increase of SM levels in the brains of Q84E-knockin mouse embryos. These results provide insights into the physiological importance of the substrate specificity of plasma membrane flippases for the proper distribution of PtdCho and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumori Segawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Noji
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and.,Department of Cellular and Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ochiai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Nishimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Iwasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wataru Shoji
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishino
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and.,Department of Cellular and Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Yokoyama N, Hanafusa K, Hotta T, Oshima E, Iwabuchi K, Nakayama H. Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9565. [PMID: 34502474 PMCID: PMC8430928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), together with cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SM), and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored and membrane-associated signal transduction molecules, form GSL-enriched microdomains. These specialized microdomains interact in a cis manner with various immune receptors, affecting immune receptor-mediated signaling. This, in turn, results in the regulation of a broad range of immunological functions, including phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation and apoptosis. In addition, GSLs alone can regulate immunological functions by acting as ligands for immune receptors, and exogenous GSLs can alter the organization of microdomains and microdomain-associated signaling. Many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and fungi, enter host cells by binding to GSL-enriched microdomains. Intracellular pathogens survive inside phagocytes by manipulating intracellular microdomain-driven signaling and/or sphingolipid metabolism pathways. This review describes the mechanisms by which GSL-enriched microdomains regulate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
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22
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Fu Y, Jaarsma AH, Kuipers OP. Antiviral activities and applications of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3921-3940. [PMID: 33532865 PMCID: PMC7853169 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics and the risks of antiviral drug resistance are a serious threat to global public health. New options to supplement or replace currently used drugs for antiviral therapy are urgently needed. The research in the field of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) has been booming in the last few decades, in particular in view of their strong antimicrobial activities and high stability. The RiPPs with antiviral activity, especially those against enveloped viruses, are now also gaining more interest. RiPPs have a number of advantages over small molecule drugs in terms of specificity and affinity for targets, and over protein-based drugs in terms of cellular penetrability, stability and size. Moreover, the great engineering potential of RiPPs provides an efficient way to optimize them as potent antiviral drugs candidates. These intrinsic advantages underscore the good therapeutic prospects of RiPPs in viral treatment. With the aim to highlight the underrated antiviral potential of RiPPs and explore their development as antiviral drugs, we review the current literature describing the antiviral activities and mechanisms of action of RiPPs, discussing the ongoing efforts to improve their antiviral potential and demonstrate their suitability as antiviral therapeutics. We propose that antiviral RiPPs may overcome the limits of peptide-based antiviral therapy, providing an innovative option for the treatment of viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ate H Jaarsma
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Tomishige N, Murate M, Didier P, Richert L, Mély Y, Kobayashi T. The use of pore-forming toxins to image lipids and lipid domains. Methods Enzymol 2021; 649:503-542. [PMID: 33712198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Very few proteins are reported to bind specific lipids. Because of the high selectivity and strong binding to specific lipids, lipid-targeting pore forming toxins (PFTs) have been employed to study the distribution of lipids in cell- and model-membranes. Non-toxic and monomeric PFT-derivatives are especially useful to study living cells. In this chapter we highlight sphingomyelin (SM)-binding PFT, lysenin (Lys), its derivatives, and newly identified SM/cholesterol binding protein, nakanori. We describe the preparation of non-toxic mutant of Lys (NT-Lys) and its application in optical and super resolution microscopy. We also discuss the observation of nanometer scale lipid domains labeled with nakanori and maltose-binding protein (MBP)-Lys in electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascal Didier
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Yves Mély
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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24
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Sachon E, Walrant A, Sagan S, Cribier S, Rodriguez N. Binding and crossing: Methods for the characterization of membrane-active peptides interactions with membranes at the molecular level. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 699:108751. [PMID: 33421380 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides have been the object of extensive studies for more than 60 years. Initially these two families were studied separately, and more recently parallels have been drawn. These studies have given rise to numerous methodological developments both in terms of observation techniques and membrane models. This review presents some of the most recent original and innovative developments in this field, namely droplet interface bilayers (DIBs), new fluorescence approaches, force measurements, and photolabelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Sachon
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Cribier
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
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25
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Abe M, Kobayashi T. Imaging Sphingomyelin- and Cholesterol-Enriched Domains in the Plasma Membrane Using a Novel Probe and Super-Resolution Microscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:81-90. [PMID: 33834433 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we show the visualization of lipid domains using a specific lipid-binding protein and super-resolution microscopy. Lipid rafts are plasma membrane domains enriched in both sphingolipids and sterols that play key roles in various physiological events. We identified a novel protein that specifically binds to a complex of sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol). The isolated protein, nakanori, labels the SM/Chol complex at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. Structured illumination microscopic images suggested that the influenza virus buds from the edges of the SM/Chol domains in MDCK cells. Furthermore, a photoactivated localization microscopy analysis indicated that the SM/Chol complex forms domains in the outer leaflet, just above the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate domains in the inner leaflet. These observations provide significant insight into the structure and function of lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Abe
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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26
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Kobayashi T, Tomishige N, Inaba T, Makino A, Murata M, Yamaji-Hasegawa A, Murate M. Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Cellular Sphingomyelin Imaging with Specific Reporter Proteins. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211042456. [PMID: 37366372 PMCID: PMC10259817 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211042456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a major sphingolipid in mammalian cells. Although SM is enriched in the outer leaflet of the cell plasma membrane, lipids are also observed in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles such as endolysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and nuclei. SM is postulated to form clusters with glycosphingolipids (GSLs), cholesterol (Chol), and other SM molecules through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Thus, different clusters composed of SM, SM/Chol, SM/GSL and SM/GSL/Chol with different stoichiometries may exist in biomembranes. In addition, SM monomers may be located in the glycerophospholipid-rich areas of membranes. Recently developed SM-binding proteins (SBPs) distinguish these different SM assemblies. Here, we summarize the effects of intrinsic factors regulating the lipid-binding specificity of SBPs and extrinsic factors, such as the lipid phase and lipid density, on SM recognition by SBPs. The combination of different SBPs revealed the heterogeneity of SM domains in biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN
CPR, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et
Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg,
Illkirch, France
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN
CPR, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et
Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg,
Illkirch, France
| | | | - Asami Makino
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University,
Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN
CPR, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et
Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg,
Illkirch, France
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27
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Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylserine Synergize To Enhance GAS6/AXL-Mediated Virus Infection and Efferocytosis. J Virol 2020; 95:JVI.02079-20. [PMID: 33115868 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02079-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors mediate clearance of apoptotic cells-efferocytosis-by recognizing the PS exposed on those cells. They also mediate the entry of enveloped viruses by binding PS in the virion membrane. Here, we show that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synergizes with PS to enhance PS receptor-mediated efferocytosis and virus entry. The presence of PE on the same surface as PS dramatically enhances recognition of PS by PS-binding proteins such as GAS6, PROS, and TIM1. Liposomes containing both PE and PS bound to GAS6 and were engulfed by AXL-expressing cells much more efficiently than those containing PS alone. Further, infection of AXL-expressing cells by infectious Zika virus or Ebola, Chikungunya, or eastern equine encephalitis pseudoviruses was inhibited with greater efficiency by the liposomes containing both PS and PE compared to a mixture of liposomes separately composed of PS and PE. These data demonstrate that simultaneous recognition of PE and PS maximizes PS receptor-mediated virus entry and efferocytosis and underscore the important contribution of PE in these major biological processes.IMPORTANCE Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are usually sequestered to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of the healthy eukaryotic cells. During apoptosis, these phospholipids move to the cell's outer leaflet where they are recognized by so-called PS receptors on surveilling phagocytes. Several pathogenic families of enveloped viruses hijack these PS receptors to gain entry into their target cells. Here, we show that efficiency of these processes is enhanced, namely, PE synergizes with PS to promote PS receptor-mediated virus infection and clearance of apoptotic cells. These findings deepen our understanding of how these fundamental biological processes are executed.
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28
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Li Y, Liu Y, Ren Y, Su L, Li A, An Y, Rotello V, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Liu J, Laman JD, Shi L, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Coating of a Novel Antimicrobial Nanoparticle with a Macrophage Membrane for the Selective Entry into Infected Macrophages and Killing of Intracellular Staphylococci. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2004942. [PMID: 34737689 PMCID: PMC8562776 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by macrophages can inactivate bacterial killing mechanisms, allowing intracellular residence and dissemination of infection. Concurrently, these staphylococci can evade antibiotics that are frequently unable to pass mammalian cell membranes. A binary, amphiphilic conjugate composed of triclosan and ciprofloxacin is synthesized that self-assemble through micelle formation into antimicrobial nanoparticles (ANPs). These novel ANPs are stabilized through encapsulation in macrophage membranes, providing membrane-encapsulated, antimicrobial-conjugated NPs (Me-ANPs) with similar protein activity, Toll-like receptor expression and negative surface charge as their precursor murine macrophage/human monocyte cell lines. The combination of Toll-like receptors and negative surface charge allows uptake of Me-ANPs by infected macrophages/monocytes through positively charged, lysozyme-rich membrane scars created during staphylococcal engulfment. Me-ANPs are not engulfed by more negatively charged sterile cells possessing less lysozyme at their surface. The Me-ANPs kill staphylococci internalized in macrophages in vitro. Me-ANPs likewise kill staphylococci more effectively than ANPs without membrane-encapsulation or clinically used ciprofloxacin in a mouse peritoneal infection model. Similarly, organ infections in mice created by dissemination of infected macrophages through circulation in the blood are better eradicated by Me-ANPs than by ciprofloxacin. These unique antimicrobial properties of macrophage-monocyte Me-ANPs provide a promising direction for human clinical application to combat persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linzhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yingli An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Vincent Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhanzhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Sidi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Materials and Ministry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Hanashima S, Fukuda N, Malabed R, Murata M, Kinoshita M, Greimel P, Hirabayashi Y. β-Glucosylation of cholesterol reduces sterol-sphingomyelin interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183496. [PMID: 33130096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl-β-D-glucoside (ChoGlc) is a mammalian glycolipid that is expressed in brain tissue. The effects of glucosylation on the ordering and lipid interactions of cholesterol (Cho) were examined in membranes composed of N-stearoyl sphingomyelin (SSM), which is abundant in the brain, and to investigate the possible molecular mechanism involved in these interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that ChoGlc was miscible with SSM in a similar extent of Cho. Solid-state 2H NMR of deuterated SSM and fluorescent anisotropy using 1,6-diphenylhexatriene demonstrated that the glucosylation of Cho significantly reduced the effect of the sterol tetracyclic core on the ordering of SSM chains. The orientation of the sterol core was further examined by solid-state NMR analysis of deuterated and fluorinated ChoGlc analogues. ChoGlc had a smaller tilt angle between the long molecular axis (C3-C17) and the membrane normal than Cho in SSM bilayers, and the fluctuations in the tilt angle were largely unaffected by temperature-dependent mobility changes of SSM acyl chains. This orientation of the sterol core of ChoGlc leads to reduce sterol-SSM interactions. The MD simulation results suggested that the Glc moiety perturbs the SSM-sterol interactions, which reduces the umbrella effect of the phosphocholine headgroup because the hydrophilic glucose moiety resides at the same depth as an SSM amide group. These differences between ChoGlc and Cho also weaken the SSM-ChoGlc interactions. Thus, the distribution and localization of Cho and ChoGlc possibly control the stability of sphingomyelin-based domains that transiently occur at specific locations in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Nanami Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Raymond Malabed
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Msanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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30
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Hanafusa K, Hotta T, Iwabuchi K. Glycolipids: Linchpins in the Organization and Function of Membrane Microdomains. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589799. [PMID: 33195253 PMCID: PMC7658261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains, also called lipid rafts, are areas on membrane enriched in glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. Although membrane microdomains are thought to play key roles in many cellular functions, their structures, properties, and biological functions remain obscure. Cellular membranes contain several types of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and other lipids, including cholesterol, glycerophospholipids, and sphingomyelin. Depending on their physicochemical properties, especially the characteristics of their glycolipids, various microdomains form on these cell membranes, providing structural or functional contextures thought to be essential for biological activities. For example, the plasma membranes of human neutrophils are enriched in lactosylceramide (LacCer) and phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), each of which forms different membrane microdomains with different surrounding molecules and is involved in different functions of neutrophils. Specifically, LacCer forms Lyn-coupled lipid microdomains, which mediate neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide generation, whereas PtdGlc-enriched microdomains mediate neutrophil differentiation and spontaneous apoptosis. However, the mechanisms by which these glycolipids form different nano/meso microdomains and mediate their specialized functions remain incompletely understood. This review describes current understanding of the roles of glycolipids and sphingolipids in their enriched contextures on cellular membranes, including their mechanisms of facilitation and regulation of intracellular signaling. This review also introduces new concepts about the roles of glycolipid and sphingolipid-dependent contextures in immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Japan
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31
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Danylchuk DI, Sezgin E, Chabert P, Klymchenko AS. Redesigning Solvatochromic Probe Laurdan for Imaging Lipid Order Selectively in Cell Plasma Membranes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14798-14805. [PMID: 33044816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of biological membranes by environmentally sensitive solvatochromic probes, such as Laurdan, provides information about the organization of lipids, their ordering, and their uneven distribution. To address a key drawback of Laurdan linked to its rapid internalization and subsequent labeling of internal membranes, we redesigned it by introducing a membrane anchor group based on negatively charged sulfonate and dodecyl chain. The obtained probe, Pro12A, stains exclusively the outer leaflet of lipid bilayers of liposomes, as evidenced by leaflet-specific fluorescence quenching with a viologen derivative, and shows higher fluorescence brightness than Laurdan. Pro12A also exhibits stronger spectral change between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases in model membranes and distinguishes better lipid domains in giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) than Laurdan. In live cells, it stains exclusively the cell plasma membranes, in contrast to Laurdan and its carboxylate analogue C-Laurdan. Owing to its outer leaflet binding, Pro12A is much more sensitive to cholesterol extraction than Laurdan, which is redistributed within both plasma membrane leaflets and intracellular membranes. Finally, its operating range in the blue spectral region ensures the absence of crosstalk with a number of orange/red fluorescent proteins and dyes. Thus, Pro12A will enable accurate multicolor imaging of lipid organization of cell plasma membranes in the presence of fluorescently tagged proteins of interest, which will open new opportunities in biomembrane research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro I Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, U.K.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Chabert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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32
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Wrapping axons in mammals and Drosophila: Different lipids, same principle. Biochimie 2020; 178:39-48. [PMID: 32800899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes of axon-wrapping glial cells develop specific cylindrical bilayer membranes that surround thin individual axons or axon bundles. Axons are wrapped with single layered glial cells in lower organisms whereas in the mammalian nervous system, axons are surrounded with a characteristic complex multilamellar myelin structure. The high content of lipids in myelin suggests that lipids play crucial roles in the structure and function of myelin. The most striking feature of myelin lipids is the high content of galactosylceramide (GalCer). Serological and genetic studies indicate that GalCer plays a key role in the formation and function of the myelin sheath in mammals. In contrast to mammals, Drosophila lacks GalCer. Instead of GalCer, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) has an important role to ensheath axons with glial cells in Drosophila. GalCer and CPE share similar physical properties: both lipids have a high phase transition temperature and high packing, are immiscible with cholesterol and form helical liposomes. These properties are caused by both the strong headgroup interactions and the tight packing resulting from the small size of the headgroup and the hydrogen bonds between lipid molecules. These results suggest that mammals and Drosophila wrap axons using different lipids but the same conserved principle.
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33
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Okamoto S, Naito T, Shigetomi R, Kosugi Y, Nakayama K, Takatsu H, Shin HW. The N- or C-terminal cytoplasmic regions of P4-ATPases determine their cellular localization. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2115-2124. [PMID: 32614659 PMCID: PMC7530900 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian P4-ATPases specifically localize to the plasma membrane and the membranes of intracellular compartments. P4-ATPases contain 10 transmembrane domains, and their N- and C-terminal (NT and CT) regions face the cytoplasm. Among the ATP10 and ATP11 proteins of P4-ATPases, ATP10A, ATP10D, ATP11A, and ATP11C localize to the plasma membrane, while ATP10B and ATP11B localize to late endosomes and early/recycling endosomes, respectively. We previously showed that the NT region of ATP9B is critical for its localization to the Golgi apparatus, while the CT regions of ATP11C isoforms are critical for Ca2+-dependent endocytosis or polarized localization at the plasma membrane. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of chimeric proteins and found that the NT region of ATP10 proteins and the CT region of ATP11 proteins are responsible for their specific subcellular localization. Importantly, the ATP10B NT and the ATP11B CT regions were found to harbor a trafficking and/or targeting signal that allows these P4-ATPases to localize to late endosomes and early/recycling endosomes, respectively. Moreover, dileucine residues in the NT region of ATP10B were required for its trafficking to endosomal compartments. These results suggest that the NT and CT sequences of P4-ATPases play a key role in their intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Okamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naito
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Shigetomi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kosugi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kishimoto T, Tomishige N, Murate M, Ishitsuka R, Schaller H, Mély Y, Ueda K, Kobayashi T. Cholesterol asymmetry at the tip of filopodia during cell adhesion. FASEB J 2020; 34:6185-6197. [PMID: 32162745 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900065rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During adhesion, cells develop filopodia to facilitate the attachment to the extracellular matrix. The small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein, Cdc42, plays a central role in the formation of filopodia. It has been reported that Cdc42 activity is regulated by cholesterol (Chol). We examined Chol distribution in filopodia using Chol-binding domain 4 (D4) fragment of bacterial toxin, perfringolysin O that senses high membrane concentration of Chol. Our results indicate that fluorescent D4 was enriched at the tip of the outer leaflet of filopodia in the initiation phase of cell adhesion. This enrichment was accompanied by a defect of D4 labeling in the inner leaflet. Steady phase adhered cell experiment indicated that both Cdc42 and ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCA1, were involved in the binding of D4 to the cell surface. Depletion of Chol activated Cdc42. Our results suggest that asymmetric distribution of Chol at the tip of filopodia induces activation of Cdc42, and thus, facilitates filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kishimoto
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Mély
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Nishimura S, Matsumori N. Chemical diversity and mode of action of natural products targeting lipids in the eukaryotic cell membrane. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:677-702. [PMID: 32022056 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019Nature furnishes bioactive compounds (natural products) with complex chemical structures, yet with simple, sophisticated molecular mechanisms. When natural products exhibit their activities in cells or bodies, they first have to bind or react with a target molecule in/on the cell. The cell membrane is a major target for bioactive compounds. Recently, our understanding of the molecular mechanism of interactions between natural products and membrane lipids progressed with the aid of newly-developed analytical methods. New technology reconnects old compounds with membrane lipids, while new membrane-targeting molecules are being discovered through the screening for antimicrobial potential of natural products. This review article focuses on natural products that bind to eukaryotic membrane lipids, and includes clinically important molecules and key research tools. The chemical diversity of membrane-targeting natural products and the molecular basis of lipid recognition are described. The history of how their mechanism was unveiled, and how these natural products are used in research are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nishimura
- Department of Biotechnology, Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Nagata S, Sakuragi T, Segawa K. Flippase and scramblase for phosphatidylserine exposure. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 62:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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38
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Investigation of substrate specificity of sialidases with membrane mimetic glycoconjugates. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:175-185. [PMID: 31802374 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sialidases or neuraminidases play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes by cleaving terminal sialic acids (Sias) (desialylation) from the glycans of both glycoproteins and glycolipids. To understand the biological significance of desialylation by sialidases, it is important to investigate enzyme specificity with native substrate in biological membrane of cells. Herein, we report a membrane-mimicking system with liposome ganglioside conjugates containing different lipids for evaluating substrate specificity of sialidase and the lipid effect on the enzyme activity. Briefly, liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol with ganglioside (GM3 or GM1) along with different percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were prepared and characterized. Their desialylation profiles with Arthrobacter ureafaciens (bacterial) sialidase and H1N1 (influenza viral) sialidase were quantified by HPLC method. A diversity of substrate preference was found for both bacterial and viral sialidase to the liposome ganglioside conjugate platform. The apparent Km and Vmax were dependent on the type of lipid. These results indicate that the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane-like system affect the sialidase specificity and activity. This biomimetic substrate provides a better tool for unravelling the substrate specificity and the biological function of sialidases and for screening of functional sialidase inhibitors as well.
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Börtlein C, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Dölken L, Avota E. Role of Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM 2) in the Control of T Cell Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:226. [PMID: 31681760 PMCID: PMC6803391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) to catalyze the conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine at the cytosolic leaflet of plasma membrane (PM) is important in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. We recently identified PKCζ as a major NSM2 downstream effector which regulates microtubular polarization. It remained, however, unclear to what extent NSM2 activity affected overall composition of PM lipids and downstream effector lipids in antigen stimulated T cells. Here, we provide a detailed lipidomics analyses on PM fractions isolated from TCR stimulated wild type and NSM2 deficient (ΔNSM) Jurkat T cells. This revealed that in addition to that of sphingolipids, NSM2 depletion also affected concentrations of many other lipids. In particular, NSM2 ablation resulted in increase of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) which both govern PM biophysical properties. Crucially, TCR dependent upregulation of the important T cell signaling lipid diacylglycerol (DAG), which is fundamental for activation of conventional and novel PKCs, was abolished in ΔNSM cells. Moreover, NSM2 activity was found to play an important role in PM cholesterol transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and production of cholesteryl esters (CE) there. Most importantly, CE accumulation was essential to sustain human T cell proliferation. Accordingly, inhibition of CE generating enzymes, the cholesterol acetyltransferases ACAT1/SOAT1 and ACAT2/SOAT2, impaired TCR driven expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In summary, our study reveals an important role of NSM2 in regulating T cell functions by its multiple effects on PM lipids and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Börtlein
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
The plasma membrane is a ∼4 nm thick phospholipid bilayer that defines the boundary of a cell, segregating internal content from the external environment. Its hydrophobic interior presents a barrier to the exchange of ions and polar solutes between the inside and outside of the cell, as well as to the spontaneous reorientation of lipids between the two leaflets of the bilayer. Specific transport systems, e.g. ion channels and lipid flippases, are needed to enable the passage of these molecules across the plasma membrane at physiologically relevant rates. Although the influential fluid mosaic membrane model of 1972 depicted the membrane as an archipelago of protein islands within a uniform sea of lipids, its micrometer-scale lateral heterogeneity was recognized relatively quickly, evolving into the current picture of structural granularity at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kobayashi
- UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, F - 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Anant K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Takayama M, Takatsu H, Hamamoto A, Inoue H, Naito T, Nakayama K, Shin HW. The cytoplasmic C-terminal region of the ATP11C variant determines its localization at the polarized plasma membrane. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231720. [PMID: 31371488 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP11C, a member of the P4-ATPase family, is a major phosphatidylserine (PS)-flippase located at the plasma membrane. ATP11C deficiency causes a defect in B-cell maturation, anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Although there are several alternatively spliced variants derived from the ATP11C gene, the functional differences between them have not been considered. Here, we compared and characterized three C-terminal spliced forms (we designated as ATP11C-a, ATP11C-b and ATP11C-c), with respect to their expression patterns in cell types and tissues, and their subcellular localizations. We had previously shown that the C-terminus of ATP11C-a is critical for endocytosis upon PKC activation. Here, we found that ATP11C-b and ATP11C-c did not undergo endocytosis upon PKC activation. Importantly, we also found that ATP11C-b localized to a limited region of the plasma membrane in polarized cells, whereas ATP11C-a was distributed on the entire plasma membrane in both polarized and non-polarized cells. Moreover, we successfully identified LLXY residues within the ATP11C-b C-terminus as a critical motif for the polarized localization. These results suggest that the ATP11C-b regulates PS distribution in distinct regions of the plasma membrane in polarized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naito
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Bestard-Escalas J, Maimó-Barceló A, Pérez-Romero K, Lopez DH, Barceló-Coblijn G. Ins and Outs of Interpreting Lipidomic Results. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:5039-5062. [PMID: 31422112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipids are essential for life; however, research on how cells regulate cell lipid composition has been falling behind for quite some time. One reason was the difficulty in establishing analytical methods able to cope with the cell lipid repertoire. Development of a diversity of mass spectrometry-based technologies, including imaging mass spectrometry, has helped to demonstrate beyond doubt that the cell lipidome is not only greatly cell type dependent but also highly sensitive to any pathophysiological alteration such as differentiation or tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the current popularization of metabolomic studies among numerous disciplines has led many researchers to rediscover lipids. Hence, it is important to underscore the peculiarities of these metabolites and their metabolism, which are both radically different from protein and nucleic acid metabolism. Once differences in lipid composition have been established, researchers face a rather complex scenario, to investigate the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms accounting for their results. Thus, a detail often overlooked, but of crucial relevance, is the complex networks of enzymes involved in controlling the level of each one of the lipid species present in the cell. In most cases, these enzymes are redundant and promiscuous, complicating any study on lipid metabolism, since the modification of one particular lipid enzyme impacts simultaneously on many species. Altogether, this review aims to describe the difficulties in delving into the regulatory mechanisms tailoring the lipidome at the activity, genetic, and epigenetic level, while conveying the numerous, stimulating, and sometimes unexpected research opportunities afforded by this type of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Bestard-Escalas
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Albert Maimó-Barceló
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Karim Pérez-Romero
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Daniel H Lopez
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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Siavashi R, Phaterpekar T, Leung SSW, Alonso A, Goñi FM, Thewalt JL. Lamellar Phases Composed of Phospholipid, Cholesterol, and Ceramide, as Studied by 2H NMR. Biophys J 2019; 117:296-306. [PMID: 31279446 PMCID: PMC6702149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids constitute a significant fraction of cellular plasma membrane lipid content. Among sphingolipids, ceramide levels are usually very low. However, in some cell processes like apoptosis, cell membrane ceramide levels increase markedly because of the activation of enzymes like acid sphingomyelinase. This increase can change the physical state of the membrane by promoting molecular order and inducing solid-ordered (So) phase domains. This effect has been observed in a previous 2H NMR study on membranes consisting of palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM) and palmitoyl ceramide (PCer). Cholesterol (Chol), too, is present at high concentrations in mammalian plasma membranes and has a favorable interaction with sphingomyelin (SM), together forming domains in the liquid-ordered phase in model membranes. There are reports that Chol is able to displace ceramide (Cer) in SM bilayers and abolish the So phase domains formed by SM:Cer. This ability of Chol appears to be concentration dependent; in membranes with low Chol and high Cer contents, So phase domains rich in Cer coexist with the continuous fluid phase of the membrane. Here, we studied the effect of increasing PCer concentration in PSM:Chol bilayers, using 2H NMR. Chol:PCer mole ratios were 3:1, 3:2, and 3:3, at a fixed 7:3 phospholipid:cholesterol mol ratio. Both PSM and PCer were monitored in separate samples for changes in their physical state by introducing a perdeuterated palmitoyl chain in either molecule. Moreover, the effect of replacing PSM with DPPC was investigated to test the impact on membrane phase behavior of replacing the sphingosine with a palmitoylated glycerol backbone. We found that PCer can increase acyl chain order in both PSM:Chol and DPPC:Chol bilayers. Especially in bilayers with Chol:PCer 1:1 molar ratios, PCer induces highly stable So phase domains in both PSM and DPPC bilayers near 37°C. However, PCer has a more pronounced ordering effect on PSM compared to DPPC bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Siavashi
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tejas Phaterpekar
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sherry S W Leung
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jenifer L Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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Ceramide phosphoethanolamine, an enigmatic cellular membrane sphingolipid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1284-1292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hanashima S, Murakami K, Yura M, Yano Y, Umegawa Y, Tsuchikawa H, Matsumori N, Seo S, Shinoda W, Murata M. Cholesterol-Induced Conformational Change in the Sphingomyelin Headgroup. Biophys J 2019; 117:307-318. [PMID: 31303249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Cho) are the important lipids for the formation of biologically functional membrane domains, lipid rafts. However, the interaction between Cho and the headgroup of SM remains unclear. In this study, we performed solid-state NMR experiments to reveal the Cho effects on the headgroup conformation using 2H-labeled stearoyl-SM (SSM). Deuterated SSMs at the Cα, Cβ, and Cγ positions of a choline moiety were separately prepared and subjected to NMR measurements to determine the quadrupolar splitting of 2H signals in hydrated SSM unitary and SSM/Cho (1:1) bilayers. Using 2H NMR and 13C-31P REDOR data, the conformation and orientation of the choline moiety were deduced and compared with those derived from molecular dynamics simulations. In SSM unitary bilayers, three torsional angles in the phosphocholine moiety, P-O-Cα-Cβ, were found to be consecutive +gauche(g)/+g/+g or -g/-g/-g. The orientation and conformation of the SSM headgroup were consistent with the results of our molecular dynamics simulations and the previous results on phosphatidylcholines. The quadrupolar coupling at the α methylene group slightly increased in the presence of Cho, and those at the Cβ and Cγ decreased more significantly, thus suggesting that Cho reduced the gauche conformation at the Cα-Cβ torsion. The conformational ensemble in the presence of Cho may enhance the so-called umbrella effect of the SSM headgroup, resulting in the stabilization of Cho near the SM molecules by concealing the hydrophobic Cho core from interfacial water. We also examined the effect of the chiral centers at the sphingosine chain to the headgroup conformation by determining the enantiomeric excess between the diastereomeric +g/+g/+g and -g/-g/-g conformers using (S)-Cα-deuterated and (R)-Cα-deuterated SSMs. Their 2H NMR measurements showed that the chiral centers induced the slight diastereomeric excess in the SM headgroup conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yo Yano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sangjae Seo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Optical second harmonic generation microscopy: application to the sensitive detection of cell membrane damage. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:399-408. [PMID: 31073956 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process which is sensitive to the symmetry of media. SHG microscopy allows for selective probing of a non-centrosymmetric area of sample. This type of nonlinear optical microscope was first used to observe ferroelectric domains and has been applied to various specimens including the biological samples to date. Imaging of the endogenous SHG of biological tissue has been utilized for the selective observation of filament systems in tissues such as collagen, myosin, and microtubules, which exhibit a polar structure. The cellular membrane can be selectively observed by the SHG microscope through membrane staining with amphiphilic polar dye molecules. It has been reported that, by imaging exogenous SHG of the membrane, sensitive detection of membrane damage could be realized using the SHG microscope. Because the staining dye is fluorescent, both SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF) images can be obtained simultaneously. How the SHG intensity depends on the molecular alignment of the polar dye molecules that reflects the ordering of lipid molecules in the plasma membrane and the necessity of the normalization of the SHG intensity by the TPF intensity is discussed. Furthermore, the assessment of the membrane damage induced by exposing polycation to HeLa cells has been compared with the conventional cytotoxicity and cell viability tests to demonstrate the higher sensitivity of the present SHG-based assay.
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47
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Keyvanloo A, Shaghaghi M, Zuckermann MJ, Thewalt JL. The Phase Behavior and Organization of Sphingomyelin/Cholesterol Membranes: A Deuterium NMR Study. Biophys J 2019; 114:1344-1356. [PMID: 29590592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the dependence of the phase and domain characteristics of sphingomyelin (SM)/cholesterol model membranes on sterol content and temperature using deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance. NMR spectra of N-palmitoyl(D31)-D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine (PSM-d31) were taken for temperatures from 25 to 70°C and cholesterol concentrations of 0-40%. Analogous experiments were performed using 1-palmitoyl,2-palmitoyl(D31)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC-d31)/cholesterol membranes to carefully compare the data obtained using palmitoyl chains that have similar "kinked" conformations. The constructed phase diagrams exhibit both solid-ordered (so) + liquid-ordered (lo) and liquid-disordered (ld) + lo phase-coexistence regions with a clear three-phase line. Macroscopic (micron-sized) coexistence of ld and lo phases was not observed; instead, line-broadening in the ld+lo region was characterized by intermediate exchange of lipids between the two types of domains. The length scales associated with the domains were estimated to be 75-150 nm for PSM-d31/cholesterol and DPPC-d31/cholesterol model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Keyvanloo
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehran Shaghaghi
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin J Zuckermann
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jenifer L Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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Guy AT, Kano K, Ohyama J, Kamiguchi H, Hirabayashi Y, Ito Y, Matsuo I, Greimel P. Preference for Glucose over Inositol Headgroup during Lysolipid Activation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 55. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:716-727. [PMID: 30346710 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is highly expressed in brain and peripheral nervous system. Originally deorphanized as a cannabinoid receptor, recently GPR55 has been described as a lysophospholipid-responsive receptor, specifically toward lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidyl-β-d-glucoside (LysoPtdGlc). To characterize lysolipid-GPR55 interaction, synthetic access to LysoPtdGlc and selected analogues was established utilizing a phosphorus(III)-based chemical approach. The biological activity of each synthetic lipid was assessed using a GPR55-dependent chemotropism assay in primary sensory neurons. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations the potential ligand entry port and binding pocket specifics are discussed. These results highlight the preference for gluco- over inositol- and galacto-configured headgroups.
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49
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Ashokkumar P, Ashoka AH, Collot M, Das A, Klymchenko AS. A fluorogenic BODIPY molecular rotor as an apoptosis marker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6902-6905. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on a BODIPY molecular rotor, we designed a probe that lights up its green fluorescence in apoptotic cells and distinguishes between early and late apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichandi Ashokkumar
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Strasbourg
- Strasbourg CS 60024
| | - Anila Hoskere Ashoka
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Strasbourg
- Strasbourg CS 60024
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Strasbourg
- Strasbourg CS 60024
| | - Amitava Das
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar 364002
- India
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Strasbourg
- Strasbourg CS 60024
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50
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The Significance of Lipids to Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans: An Emerging Perspective. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4040140. [PMID: 30567300 PMCID: PMC6308932 DOI: 10.3390/jof4040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, the dimorphic opportunistic human fungal pathogen, is capable of forming highly drug-resistant biofilms in the human host. Formation of biofilm is a multistep and multiregulatory process involving various adaptive mechanisms. The ability of cells in a biofilm to alter membrane lipid composition is one such adaptation crucial for biofilm development in C. albicans. Lipids modulate mixed species biofilm formation in vivo and inherent antifungal resistance associated with these organized communities. Cells in C. albicans biofilms display phase-dependent changes in phospholipid classes and in levels of lipid raft formation. Systematic studies with genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be manipulated are limited in C. albicans. In this review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated on the impact that alterations in phospholipids may have on the biofilm forming ability of C. albicans in the human host. This review may provide the requisite impetus to analyze lipids from a therapeutic standpoint in managing C. albicans biofilms.
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