1
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Linke P, Munding N, Kimmle E, Kaufmann S, Hayashi K, Nakahata M, Takashima Y, Sano M, Bastmeyer M, Holstein T, Dietrich S, Müller-Tidow C, Harada A, Ho AD, Tanaka M. Reversible Host-Guest Crosslinks in Supramolecular Hydrogels for On-Demand Mechanical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302607. [PMID: 38118064 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are regulated not only by biochemical signals but also by biophysical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is constantly monitored and remodeled because the fate of stem cells can be misdirected when the mechanical interaction between cells and ECM is imbalanced. A well-defined ECM model for bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) based on supramolecular hydrogels containing reversible host-guest crosslinks is fabricated. The stiffness (Young's modulus E) of the hydrogels can be switched reversibly by altering the concentration of non-cytotoxic, free guest molecules dissolved in the culture medium. Fine-adjustment of substrate stiffness enables the authors to determine the critical stiffness level E* at which hMSCs turn the mechano-sensory machinery on or off. Next, the substrate stiffness across E* is switched and the dynamic adaptation characteristics such as morphology, traction force, and YAP/TAZ signaling of hMSCs are monitored. These data demonstrate the instantaneous switching of traction force, which is followed by YAP/TAZ signaling and morphological adaptation. Periodical switching of the substrate stiffness across E* proves that frequent applications of mechanical stimuli drastically suppress hMSC proliferation. Mechanical stimulation across E* level using dynamic hydrogels is a promising strategy for the on-demand control of hMSC transcription and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Munding
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Kimmle
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaufmann
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Cell and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76334, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Holstein
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69221, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akira Harada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit Heidelberg, EMBL and Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Kwon Y. YAP/TAZ as Molecular Targets in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Osteoporosis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0306. [PMID: 38502585 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles and bones are closely connected anatomically and functionally. Age-related degeneration in these tissues is associated with physical disability in the elderly and significantly impacts their quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms of age-related musculoskeletal tissue degeneration is crucial for identifying molecular targets for therapeutic interventions for skeletal muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. The Hippo pathway is a recently identified signaling pathway that plays critical roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key downstream effectors of the mammalian Hippo signaling pathway. This review highlights the fundamental roles of YAP and TAZ in the homeostatic maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscles and bones. YAP/TAZ play a significant role in stem cell function by relaying various environmental signals to stem cells. Skeletal muscle atrophy and osteoporosis are related to stem cell dysfunction or senescence triggered by YAP/TAZ dysregulation resulting from reduced mechanosensing and mitochondrial function in stem cells. In contrast, the maintenance of YAP/TAZ activation can suppress stem cell senescence and tissue dysfunction and may be used as a basis for the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Thus, targeting YAP/TAZ holds significant therapeutic potential for alleviating age-related muscle and bone dysfunction and improving the quality of life in the elderly.
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3
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Tachibana H, Minoura K, Omachi T, Nagao K, Ichikawa T, Kimura Y, Kono N, Shimanaka Y, Arai H, Ueda K, Kioka N. The plasma membrane of focal adhesions has a high content of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine with saturated acyl chains. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260763. [PMID: 37470177 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions, such as differentiation and migration, are regulated by the extracellular microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells adhere to ECM through focal adhesions (FAs) and sense the surrounding microenvironments. Although FA proteins have been actively investigated, little is known about the lipids in the plasma membrane at FAs. In this study, we examine the lipid composition at FAs with imaging and biochemical approaches. Using the cholesterol-specific probe D4 with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution microscopy, we show an enrichment of cholesterol at FAs simultaneously with FA assembly. Furthermore, we establish a method to isolate the lipid from FA-rich fractions, and biochemical quantification of the lipids reveals that there is a higher content of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine with saturated fatty acid chains in the lipids of the FA-rich fraction than in either the plasma membrane fraction or the whole-cell membrane. These results demonstrate that plasma membrane at FAs has a locally distinct lipid composition compared to the bulk plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kodai Minoura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Omachi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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4
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Bohere J, Eldridge-Thomas BL, Kolahgar G. Vinculin recruitment to α-catenin halts the differentiation and maturation of enterocyte progenitors to maintain homeostasis of the Drosophila intestine. eLife 2022; 11:e72836. [PMID: 36269226 PMCID: PMC9586559 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms communicating changes in tissue stiffness and size are particularly relevant in the intestine because it is subject to constant mechanical stresses caused by peristalsis of its variable content. Using the Drosophila intestinal epithelium, we investigate the role of vinculin, one of the best characterised mechanoeffectors, which functions in both cadherin and integrin adhesion complexes. We discovered that vinculin regulates cell fate decisions, by preventing precocious activation and differentiation of intestinal progenitors into absorptive cells. It achieves this in concert with α-catenin at sites of cadherin adhesion, rather than as part of integrin function. Following asymmetric division of the stem cell into a stem cell and an enteroblast (EB), the two cells initially remain connected by adherens junctions, where vinculin is required, only on the EB side, to maintain the EB in a quiescent state and inhibit further divisions of the stem cell. By manipulating cell tension, we show that vinculin recruitment to adherens junction regulates EB activation and numbers. Consequently, removing vinculin results in an enlarged gut with improved resistance to starvation. Thus, mechanical regulation at the contact between stem cells and their progeny is used to control tissue cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Bohere
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Buffy L Eldridge-Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Golnar Kolahgar
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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5
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Tian KK, Huang SC, Xia XX, Qian ZG. Fibrous Structure and Stiffness of Designer Protein Hydrogels Synergize to Regulate Endothelial Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1777-1788. [PMID: 35312276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix stiffness and fibrous structure provided by the native extracellular matrix have been increasingly appreciated as important cues in regulating cell behaviors. Recapitulating these physical cues for cell fate regulation remains a challenge due to the inherent difficulties in making mimetic hydrogels with well-defined compositions, tunable stiffness, and structures. Here, we present two series of fibrous and porous hydrogels with tunable stiffness based on genetically engineered resilin-silk-like and resilin-like protein polymers. Using these hydrogels as substrates, the mechanoresponses of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to stiffness and fibrous structure were systematically studied. For both hydrogel series, increasing compression modulus from 8.5 to 14.5 and 23 kPa consistently promoted cell proliferation and differentiation. Nonetheless, the promoting effects were more pronounced on the fibrous gels than their porous counterparts at all three stiffness levels. More interestingly, even the softest fibrous gel (8.5 kPa) allowed the stem cells to exhibit higher endothelial differentiation capability than the toughest porous gel (23 kPa). The predominant role of fibrous structure on the synergistic regulation of endothelial differentiation was further explored. It was found that the stiffness signal activated Yes-associated protein (YAP), the main regulator of endothelial differentiation, via spreading of focal adhesions, whereas fibrous structure reinforced YAP activation by promoting the maturation of focal adhesions and associated F-actin alignment. Therefore, our results shed light on the interplay of physical cues in regulating stem cells and may guide the fabrication of designer proteinaceous matrices toward regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Kai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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6
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Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling. Bone Res 2022; 10:16. [PMID: 35181672 PMCID: PMC8857305 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These opposite processes allow the accommodation of bones to dynamic mechanical forces, altering bone mass in response to changing conditions. Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone homeostasis; skeletal formation, resorption, and adaptation are dependent on mechanical signals, and loss of mechanical stimulation can therefore significantly weaken the bone structure, causing disuse osteoporosis and increasing the risk of fracture. The exact mechanisms by which the body senses and transduces mechanical forces to regulate bone remodeling have long been an active area of study among researchers and clinicians. Such research will lead to a deeper understanding of bone disorders and identify new strategies for skeletal rejuvenation. Here, we will discuss the mechanical properties, mechanosensitive cell populations, and mechanotransducive signaling pathways of the skeletal system.
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7
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Missirlis D, Baños M, Lussier F, Spatz JP. Facile and Versatile Method for Micropatterning Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels Using Photocleavable Comonomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3643-3652. [PMID: 35006666 PMCID: PMC8796170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We here present a micropatterning strategy to introduce small molecules and ligands on patterns of arbitrary shapes on the surface of poly(acrylamide)-based hydrogels. The main advantages of the presented approach are the ease of use, the lack of need to prefabricate photomasks, the use of mild UV light and biocompatible bioconjugation chemistries, and the capacity to pattern low-molecular-weight ligands, such as peptides, peptidomimetics, or DNA fragments. To achieve the above, a monomer containing a caged amine (NVOC group) was co-polymerized in the hydrogel network; upon UV light illumination using a commercially available setup, primary amines were locally deprotected and served as reactive groups for further functionalization. Cell patterning on various cell adhesive ligands was demonstrated, with cells responding to a combination of pattern shape and substrate elasticity. The approach is compatible with standard traction force microscopy (TFM) experimentation and can further be extended to reference-free TFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Missirlis
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- . Tel: +49 6221 486430
| | - Miguel Baños
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Felix Lussier
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department
of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, INF-253, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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8
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Xu Y, Xin R, Sun H, Long D, Li Z, Liao H, Xue T, Zhang Z, Kang Y, Mao G. Long Non-coding RNAs LOC100126784 and POM121L9P Derived From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation via the miR-503-5p/SORBS1 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723759. [PMID: 34746123 PMCID: PMC8570085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which non-coding RNA (ncRNA) networks regulate osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. Therefore, our aim was to identify RNA-associated gene and transcript expression profiles during osteogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Using transcriptome sequencing for differentially expressed ncRNAs and mRNAs between days 0 and 21 of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, we found that the microRNA (miRNA) miR-503-5p was significantly downregulated. However, the putative miR-503-5p target, sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1 (SORBS1), was significantly upregulated in osteogenesis. Moreover, through lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction analyses and loss- and gain-of-function experiments, we discovered that the lncRNAs LOC100126784 and POM121L9P were abundant in the cytoplasm and enhanced BMSC osteogenesis by promoting SORBS1 expression. In contrast, miR-503-5p reversed this effect. Ago2 RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays further validated the direct binding of miR-503-5p to LOC100126784 and POM121L9P. Furthermore, SORBS1 knockdown suppressed early osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs, and co-transfection with SORBS1 small interfering RNAs counteracted the BMSCs’ osteogenic capacity promoted by LOC100126784- and POM121L9P-overexpressing lentivirus plasmids. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the lncRNAs LOC100126784 and POM121L9P facilitate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the miR-503-5p/SORBS1 axis, providing potential therapeutic targets for treating osteoporosis and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruobing Xin
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dianbo Long
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Center of Health Management, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guping Mao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Mohajan S, Jaiswal PK, Vatanmakarian M, Yousefi H, Sankaralingam S, Alahari SK, Koul S, Koul HK. Hippo pathway: Regulation, deregulation and potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:112-123. [PMID: 33737002 PMCID: PMC10370464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hippo pathway is a master regulator of development, cell proliferation, stem cell function, tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and organ size control. Hippo pathway relays signals from different extracellular and intracellular events to regulate cell behavior and functions. Hippo pathway is conserved from Protista to eukaryotes. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway is associated with numerous cancers. Alteration of the Hippo pathway results in cell invasion, migration, disease progression, and therapy resistance in cancers. However, the function of the various components of the mammalian Hippo pathway is yet to be elucidated in detail especially concerning tumor biology. In the present review, we focused on the Hippo pathway in different model organisms, its regulation and deregulation, and possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mohajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, Shreveport, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Mousa Vatanmakarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Urology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA.
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10
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhong W. Regulation and mechanism of YAP/TAZ in the mechanical microenvironment of stem cells (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:506. [PMID: 33982785 PMCID: PMC8134874 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells receive cues from their physical and mechanical microenvironment via mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. These cues affect proliferation, self‑renewal and differentiation into specific cell fates. A growing body of evidence suggests that yes‑associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‑binding motif (TAZ) mechanotransduction is key for driving stem cell behavior and regeneration via the Hippo and other signaling pathways. YAP/TAZ receive a range of physical cues, including extracellular matrix stiffness, cell geometry, flow shear stress and mechanical forces in the cytoskeleton, and translate them into cell‑specific transcriptional programs. However, the mechanism by which mechanical signals regulate YAP/TAZ activity in stem cells is not fully understand. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in YAP/TAZ regulation on the physical and mechanical microenvironment, as well as its potential effects on stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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11
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Long Y, Cheng X, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SGC, Mao J, Yang F, Chen L. The molecular conformation of silk fibroin regulates osteogenic cell behavior by modulating the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface. Bone Res 2021; 9:13. [PMID: 33574222 PMCID: PMC7878842 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) can be used to construct various stiff material interfaces to support bone formation. An essential preparatory step is to partially transform SF molecules from random coils to β-sheets to render the material water insoluble. However, the influence of the SF conformation on osteogenic cell behavior at the material interface remains unknown. Herein, three stiff SF substrates were prepared by varying the β-sheet content (high, medium, and low). The substrates had a comparable chemical composition, surface topography, and wettability. When adsorbed fibronectin was used as a model cellular adhesive protein, the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface, in terms of the surface stability of the SF substrates and the accompanying fibronectin detachment resistance, increased with the increasing β-sheet content of the SF substrates. Furthermore, (i) larger areas of cytoskeleton-associated focal adhesions, (ii) higher orders of cytoskeletal organization and (iii) more elongated cell spreading were observed for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured on SF substrates with high vs. low β-sheet contents, along with enhanced nuclear translocation and activation of YAP/TAZ and RUNX2. Consequently, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was stimulated on high β-sheet substrates. These results indicated that the β-sheet content influences osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on SF materials in vitro by modulating the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface, which proceeds via protein-focal adhesion-cytoskeleton links and subsequent intracellular mechanotransduction. Our findings emphasize the role of the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface in cellular mechanotransduction and the perception of stiff SF substrates with different β-sheet contents, which should not be overlooked when engineering stiff biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Long
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Xian Cheng
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander G. C. Leeuwenburgh
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Mao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Fang Yang
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022 China
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12
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Panda PP, Bohot M, Chaturvedi MM, Purohit JS. Purification and partial characterization of vinculin from chicken liver nuclear extract. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Wang S, Hashemi S, Stratton S, Arinzeh TL. The Effect of Physical Cues of Biomaterial Scaffolds on Stem Cell Behavior. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001244. [PMID: 33274860 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been sought as a promising cell source in the tissue engineering field due to their proliferative capacity as well as differentiation potential. Biomaterials have been utilized to facilitate the delivery of stem cells in order to improve their engraftment and long-term viability upon implantation. Biomaterials also have been developed as scaffolds to promote stem cell induced tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the latter where the biomaterial scaffold is designed to provide physical cues to stem cells in order to promote their behavior for tissue formation. Recent work that explores the effect of scaffold physical properties, topography, mechanical properties and electrical properties, is discussed. Although still being elucidated, the biological mechanisms, including cell shape, focal adhesion distribution, and nuclear shape, are presented. This review also discusses emerging areas and challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Sharareh Hashemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Scott Stratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
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14
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Balachandran P, Ibrahim MA, Zhang J, Wang M, Pasco DS, Muhammad I. Crosstalk of Cancer Signaling Pathways by Cyclic Hexapeptides and Anthraquinones from Rubia cordifolia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030735. [PMID: 33572569 PMCID: PMC7866972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer activities of Rubia cordifolia and its constituents have been reported earlier, but their influence on the crosstalk of complex cancer-related signaling metabolic pathways (i.e., transcription factors; TF) has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, R. cordifolia root extract was subjected to the cancer signaling assay based bioactivity-guided fractionation, which yielded the following compounds viz., three anthraquinones, namely alizarin (1), purpurin (2), and emodin (3); two lignans, namely eudesmin (4) and compound 5; and two cyclic hexapeptides, namely deoxybouvardin RA-V (6), and a mixture of 6+9 (RA-XXI). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. The isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, and a mixture of 6+9 were tested against a panel of luciferase reporter genes that assesses the activity of a wide-range of cancer-related signaling pathways. In addition, reference anthraquinones viz., chrysophanol (11), danthron (12), quinizarin (13), aloe-emodin (14), and α-lapachone (15) were also tested. Among the tested compounds, the cyclic hexapeptide 6 was found to be very active against several signaling pathways, notably Wnt, Myc, and Notch with IC50 values of 50, 75, and 93 ng/mL, respectively. Whereas, the anthraquinones exhibited very mild or no inhibition against these signaling pathways. Compound 6 being the most active, we tested it for stability in simulated intestinal (SIF) and gastric fluids (SGF), since the stability in biological fluid is a key short-coming of cyclic hexapeptides. The anticancer activity of 6 was found to remain unchanged before and after the treatment of simulated gastric/intestinal fluids, indicating that RA-V was stable. As a result, it could be bioavailable when orally used in therapeutics and possibly a drug candidate for cancer treatment. The mechanism for the preferential inhibition of these pathways and the possible crosstalk effect with other previously reported signaling pathways has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (M.A.I.); (I.M.); Tel.: +1-662-915-3463 (P.B.); +1-662-915-1147 (M.A.I.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (M.A.I.); (I.M.); Tel.: +1-662-915-3463 (P.B.); +1-662-915-1147 (M.A.I.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - David S. Pasco
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (M.A.I.); (I.M.); Tel.: +1-662-915-3463 (P.B.); +1-662-915-1147 (M.A.I.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
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15
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Zhang D, Wu W, Huang X, Xu K, Zheng C, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:61. [PMID: 33468065 PMCID: PMC7814706 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese domestic pig breeds are reputed for pork quality, but their low ratio of lean-to-fat carcass weight decreases production efficiency. A better understanding of the genetic regulation network of subcutaneous fat tissue is necessary for the rational selection of Chinese domestic pig breeds. In the present study, subcutaneous adipocytes were isolated from Jiaxing Black pigs a Chinese indigenous pig breed with redundant subcutaneous fat deposition and Large White pigs a lean-type pig breed with relatively low subcutaneous fat deposition. The expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs were compared by RNA-seq analysis to identify biomarkers correlated with the differences of subcutaneous fat deposition between the two breeds. Results A total of 1058 differentially expressed genes and 221 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs, which included 275 up-regulated mRNAs, 783 down-regulated mRNAs, 118 up-regulated lncRNAs and 103 down-regulated lncRNAs. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in the immune response, cell fate determination, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, which are known to be related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. The expression levels of differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs according to the RNA-seq data were verified by quantitative PCR, which showed 81.8% consistency. The differences in MAPK pathway activity between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs was confirmed by western blot analysis, which revealed elevated p38 phosphorylation in Jiaxing Black pigs. Conclusions This study offers a detailed characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs in fat- and lean-type pig breeds. The activity of the MAPK signaling pathway was found to be associated with subcutaneous adipogenesis. These results provide new targets for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating subcutaneous fat deposition in pigs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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16
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Celik C, Franco-Obregón A, Lee EH, Hui JH, Yang Z. Directionalities of magnetic fields and topographic scaffolds synergise to enhance MSC chondrogenesis. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:169-183. [PMID: 33130304 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis is modulated by diverse biophysical cues. We have previously shown that brief, low-amplitude pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) differentially enhance MSC chondrogenesis in scaffold-free pellet cultures versus conventional tissue culture plastic (TCP), indicating an interplay between magnetism and micromechanical environment. Here, we examined the influence of PEMF directionality over the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs laden on electrospun fibrous scaffolds of either random (RND) or aligned (ALN) orientations. Correlating MSCs' chondrogenic outcome to pFAK activation and YAP localisation, MSCs on the RND scaffolds experienced the least amount of resting mechanical stress and underwent greatest chondrogenic differentiation in response to brief PEMF exposure (10 min at 1 mT) perpendicular to the dominant plane of the scaffolds (Z-directed). By contrast, in MSC-impregnated RND scaffolds, greatest mitochondrial respiration resulted from X-directed PEMF exposure (parallel to the scaffold plane), and was associated with curtailed chondrogenesis. MSCs on TCP or the ALN scaffolds exhibited greater resting mechanical stress and accordingly, were unresponsive, or negatively responsive, to PEMF exposure from all directions. The efficacy of PEMF-induced MSC chondrogenesis is hence regulated in a multifaceted manner involving focal adhesion dynamics, as well as mitochondrial responses, culminating in a final cellular response. The combined contributions of micromechanical environment and magnetic field orientation hence will need to be considered when designing magnetic exposure paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Celik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228; BioIonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory, BICEPS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599; Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593.
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510
| | - James Hp Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510.
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17
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Yang Y, Feng Y, Qu R, Li Q, Rong D, Fan T, Yang Y, Sun B, Bi Z, Khan AU, Deng T, Dai J, Ouyang J. Synthesis of aligned porous polyethylene glycol/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffolds for osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:522. [PMID: 33272329 PMCID: PMC7712560 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The physical factors of the extracellular matrix have a profound influence on the differentiation behavior of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the effect of the biophysical microenvironment on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Methods To prepare cell culture scaffolds of varying stiffness, increasing amounts of hydroxyapatite (HAp) were mixed into a polyethylene glycol/silk fibroin (PEG/SF) solution. The amount of HAp ranged from 25 to 100 mg, which provided for different ratios between HAp and the PEG/SF composite. In vitro, the effect of stiffness on the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs was studied. The outcome measures, which were verified in vivo, included the protein expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related markers. Results Increasing amounts of HAp resulted in an increased elastic modulus of the cell culture scaffolds. The PEG/SF/HAp fabricated with HAp (50 mg) significantly increased cell adhesion and viability (p < 0.05) as well as the expression of all the osteogenesis-related markers (p < 0.05). Conclusions We developed a novel cell culture scaffold and demonstrated that substrate stiffness influenced the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02024-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanting Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongming Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tingyu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenyu Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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18
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Steering cell behavior through mechanobiology in 3D: A regenerative medicine perspective. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120572. [PMID: 33285439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology, translating mechanical signals into biological ones, greatly affects cellular behavior. Steering cellular behavior for cell-based regenerative medicine approaches requires a thorough understanding of the orchestrating molecular mechanisms, among which mechanotransducive ones are being more and more elucidated. Because of their wide use and highly mechanotransduction dependent differentiation, this review focuses on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), while also briefly relating the discussed results to other cell types. While the mechanotransduction pathways are relatively well-studied in 2D, much remains unknown of the role and regulation of these pathways in 3D. Ultimately, cells need to be cultured in a 3D environment to create functional de novo tissue. In this review, we explore the literature on the roles of different material properties on cellular behavior and mechanobiology in 2D and 3D. For example, while stiffness plays a dominant role in 2D MSCs differentiation, it seems to be of subordinate importance in 3D MSCs differentiation, where matrix remodeling seems to be key. Also, the role and regulation of some of the main mechanotransduction players are discussed, focusing on MSCs. We have only just begun to fundamentally understand MSCs and other stem cells behavior in 3D and more fundamental research is required to advance biomaterials able to replicate the stem cell niche and control cell activity. This better understanding will contribute to smarter tissue engineering scaffold design and the advancement of regenerative medicine.
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19
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Jokela TA, LaBarge MA. Integration of mechanical and ECM microenvironment signals in the determination of cancer stem cell states. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2020; 7:39-47. [PMID: 33777660 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are increasingly understood to play a central role in tumor progression. Growing evidence implicates tumor microenvironments as a source of signals that regulate or even impose CSC states on tumor cells. This review explores points of integration for microenvironment-derived signals that are thought to regulate CSCs in carcinomas. Recent findings CSC states are directly regulated by the mechanical properties and extra cellular matrix (ECM) composition of tumor microenvironments that promote CSC growth and survival, which may explain some modes of therapeutic resistance. CSCs sense mechanical forces and ECM composition through integrins and other cell surface receptors, which then activate a number of intracellular signaling pathways. The relevant signaling events are dynamic and context-dependent. Summary CSCs are thought to drive cancer metastases and therapeutic resistance. Cells that are in CSC states and more differentiated states appear to be reversible and conditional upon the components of the tumor microenvironment. Signals imposed by tumor microenvironment are of a combinatorial nature, ultimately representing the integration of multiple physical and chemical signals. Comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment-imposed signaling that maintains cells in CSC states may guide future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina A Jokela
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte CA 91010
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte CA 91010
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20
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Takata K, Goto T, Kuroda M, Kimura Y, Harada I, Ueda K, Kawada T, Kioka N. Stiffness of the extracellular matrix regulates differentiation into beige adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:205-210. [PMID: 32859378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Beige/brite adipocytes, which express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to generate heat using stored triglycerides, are induced under specific stimuli such as cold exposure in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Although extracellular microenvironments such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness are known to regulate cell behaviors, including cell differentiation into adipocytes, the effect on iWAT cells is unknown. In this study, we show that rigid ECM promotes the cell spreading of iWAT-derived preadipocytes. Furthermore, the expression of UCP1 and other thermogenic genes in iWAT cells is promoted when the cells are cultured on rigid ECM. The expression of mTOR, a kinase known to regulate the differentiation to beige adipocytes, is decreased on rigid substrates. These results suggest that ECM stiffness plays an important role in the differentiation to beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Takata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mito Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ichiro Harada
- Medical Products Technology Development Center, R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 146-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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21
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Jiang L, Li J, Zhang C, Shang Y, Lin J. YAP‑mediated crosstalk between the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4101-4106. [PMID: 33000236 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes‑associated protein (YAP) acts as a transcriptional co‑activator in gene expression and cell proliferation control by binding to the transcriptional factor TEA domain (TEAD) of the Hippo signaling pathway in the nucleus, and also acts as a regulator by binding to another transcriptional co‑activator, β‑catenin of the Wnt signaling pathway. Whether YAP preferentially acts as a transcriptional co‑regulator of the activity of the Hippo signaling pathway or as a regulator in the Wnt signaling pathway depends on the cell type. Nuclear YAP upregulates the expression of β‑catenin, while cytoplasmic YAP has a negative effect on this expression. The present mini‑review focused on the important roles of YAP and further discussed the cross‑links between the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways. The Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways are both related to the development of fibrosis or cancer. The current review discussed treatment approaches for these conditions based on the two pathways. YAP, the intersection of these two signaling pathways, has the potential to be developed as a novel treatment target, according to previous basic studies on fibroblasts and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Shang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Cai L, Liu W, Cui Y, Liu Y, Du W, Zheng L, Pi C, Zhang D, Xie J, Zhou X. Biomaterial Stiffness Guides Cross-talk between Chondrocytes: Implications for a Novel Cellular Response in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4476-4489. [PMID: 33455172 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exquisite cartilage architecture maintains an orderly dynamic equilibrium as a result of the interplay between chondrocyte functions and the unique extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Numerous studies have demonstrated that extracellular cues, including topological, mechanical, and biochemical properties of the underlying substrates, dictate the chondrocyte behaviors. Consequently, developing advanced biomaterials with the desired characteristics which could achieve the biointerface between cells and the surrounded matrix close to the physiological conditions becomes a great hotspot in bioengineering. However, how the substrate stiffness influences the intercellular communication among chondrocytes is still poorly reported. We used polydimethylsiloxane with varied stiffnesses as a cell culture substrate to elucidate a novel cell-to-cell communication in a collective of chondrocytes. First, morphological images collected using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the tunable substrate stiffnesses directed the changes in intercellular links among chondrocytes. Next, fibronectin, which played a vital role in the connection of ECM components or linkage of ECM to chondrocytes, was shown to be gathered along cell-cell contact areas and was changed with the tunable substrate stiffnesses. Furthermore, transmembrane junctional proteins including connexin 43 (Cx43) and pannexin 1 (Panx1), which are responsible for gap junction formation in cell-to-cell communication, were mediated by the tunable substrate stiffnesses. Finally, through a scrape loading/dye transfer assay, we revealed cell-to-cell communication changes in a living chondrocyte population in response to the tunable substrate stiffnesses via cell-to-cell fluorescent molecule transport. Taken together, this novel cell-to-cell communication regulated by biomaterial stiffness could help us to increase the understanding of cell behaviors under biomechanical control and may ultimately lead to refining cell-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Heng BC, Zhang X, Aubel D, Bai Y, Li X, Wei Y, Fussenegger M, Deng X. Role of YAP/TAZ in Cell Lineage Fate Determination and Related Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:735. [PMID: 32850847 PMCID: PMC7406690 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The penultimate effectors of the Hippo signaling pathways YAP and TAZ, are transcriptional co-activator proteins that play key roles in many diverse biological processes, ranging from cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, mechanosensing and cell lineage fate determination, to wound healing and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ control stem/progenitor cell differentiation into the various major lineages that are of interest to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Of particular interest is the key role of YAP/TAZ in maintaining the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation of endogenous adult stem cells within various tissues/organs during early development, normal homeostasis and regeneration/healing. Finally, we will consider how increasing knowledge of YAP/TAZ signaling might influence the trajectory of future progress in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon C. Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dominique Aubel
- IUTA Department Genie Biologique, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yunyang Bai
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochan Li
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH-Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xuliang Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Miller AE, Hu P, Barker TH. Feeling Things Out: Bidirectional Signaling of the Cell-ECM Interface, Implications in the Mechanobiology of Cell Spreading, Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901445. [PMID: 32037719 PMCID: PMC7274903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical cues stemming from the extracellular environment are rapidly transduced into discernible chemical messages (mechanotransduction) that direct cellular activities-placing the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a potent regulator of cell behavior. Dynamic reciprocity between the cell and its associated matrix is essential to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and dysregulation of both ECM mechanical signaling, via pathological ECM turnover, and internal mechanotransduction pathways contribute to disease progression. This review covers the current understandings of the key modes of signaling used by both the cell and ECM to coregulate one another. By taking an outside-in approach, the inherent complexities and regulatory processes at each level of signaling (ECM, plasma membrane, focal adhesion, and cytoplasm) are captured to give a comprehensive picture of the internal and external mechanoregulatory environment. Specific emphasis is placed on the focal adhesion complex which acts as a central hub of mechanical signaling, regulating cell spreading, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, a wealth of available knowledge on mechanotransduction is curated to generate an integrated signaling network encompassing the central components of the focal adhesion, cytoplasm and nucleus that act in concert to promote durotaxis, proliferation, and differentiation in a stiffness-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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25
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Bai M, Cai L, Li X, Ye L, Xie J. Stiffness and topography of biomaterials dictate cell-matrix interaction in musculoskeletal cells at the bio-interface: A concise progress review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2426-2440. [PMID: 32027091 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutually interacted musculoskeletal tissues work together within the physiological environment full of varieties of external stimulus. Consistent with the locomotive function of the tissues, musculoskeletal cells are remarkably mechanosensitive to the physical cues. Signals like extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, topography, and geometry can be sensed and transduced into intracellular signaling cascades to trigger a series of cell responses, including cell adhesion, cell phenotype maintenance, cytoskeletal reconstruction, and stem cell differentiation (Du et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014; Lv et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2017). With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the potent effects of ECM physical properties on cell behaviors at the cell-matrix interface are drawing much attention. To mimic the interaction between cell and its ECM physical properties, developing advanced biomaterials with desired characteristics which could achieve the biointerface between cells and the surrounded matrix close to the physiological conditions becomes a great hotspot. In this review, based on the current publications in the field of biointerfaces, we systematically summarized the significant roles of stiffness and topography on musculoskeletal cell behaviors. We hope to shed light on the importance of physical cues in musculoskeletal tissue engineering and provide up to date strategies towards the natural or artificial replication of physiological microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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The planarian Vinculin is required for the regeneration of GABAergic neurons in Dugesia japonica. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111540. [PMID: 31369753 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions, playing an important role in linkage of integrin adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton. The planarian nervous system is a fascinating system for studying the organogenesis during regeneration. In this paper, a homolog gene of Vinculin, DjVinculin, was identified and characterized in Dugesia japonica. The DjVinculin sequence analysis revealed that it contains an opening reading frame encoding a putative protein of 975 amino acids with functionally domains that are highly conserved, including eight anti-parallel α-helical bundles organized into five distinct domains. Whole mount in situ hybridization showed that DjVinculin was predominantly expressed in the brain of intact and regenerating planarians. RNA interference of DjVinculin caused distinct defects in brain morphogenesis and influences the regeneration of planarian GABAergic neurons. The expression level of DjGAD protein was decreased in the DjVinculin-knockdown planarians. These findings suggest that DjVinculin is required for GABAergic neurons regeneration.
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27
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Wei T, Li J, Sun H, Jiang M, Yang Y, Luo X, Liu T. Verification of osteoblast differentiation on airborne-particle abrasion, large-grit, acid-etched surface of titanium implants regulated by yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:431-440. [PMID: 31327805 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Although airborne-particle abrasion, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface technology can promote implant osseointegration; its mechanism remains unclear. By preparing the SLA titanium (Ti) plate (SLA Ti) and Polished Ti plate (Polished Ti), this experiment investigates the expression and distribution of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with the PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, gene YAP and TAZ silencing on the SLA Ti was conducted to observe changes in the osteoblast differentiation markers, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). The results demonstrated that SLA Ti surface microtopography could induce YAP/TAZ's transfer from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of YAP/TAZ increased in terms of mRNA and protein. After silencing the YAP/TAZ genes, Runx2 and BSP decreased, suggesting that YAP/TAZ plays an important regulatory role in this process. Meanwhile, the results also showed that SLA microtopography enhanced the expression of integrins α1, α2, and β1. After silencing the integrin α1, α2, and β1 genes, YAP and TAZ decreased in terms of mRNA and protein. Therefore, this experiment was the first to confirm that SLA surface microtopography facilitates osteoblast differentiation by regulating YAP/TAZ and confirms that the process can be related to integrins α1, α2, and β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Huiqiang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Mengyang Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Xiayan Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Tingsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
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28
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Jang YH, Jin X, Shankar P, Lee JH, Jo K, Lim KI. Molecular-Level Interactions between Engineered Materials and Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4142. [PMID: 31450647 PMCID: PMC6747072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various recent experimental observations indicate that growing cells on engineered materials can alter their physiology, function, and fate. This finding suggests that better molecular-level understanding of the interactions between cells and materials may guide the design and construction of sophisticated artificial substrates, potentially enabling control of cells for use in various biomedical applications. In this review, we introduce recent research results that shed light on molecular events and mechanisms involved in the interactions between cells and materials. We discuss the development of materials with distinct physical, chemical, and biological features, cellular sensing of the engineered materials, transfer of the sensing information to the cell nucleus, subsequent changes in physical and chemical states of genomic DNA, and finally the resulting cellular behavior changes. Ongoing efforts to advance materials engineering and the cell-material interface will eventually expand the cell-based applications in therapies and tissue regenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ha Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Xuelin Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Prabakaran Shankar
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Kyubong Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Il Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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29
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Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Central role of Yes-associated protein and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif in pancreatic cancer development. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1797-1816. [PMID: 31057295 PMCID: PMC6478619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i15.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC. Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network. Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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30
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Oliver-De La Cruz J, Nardone G, Vrbsky J, Pompeiano A, Perestrelo AR, Capradossi F, Melajová K, Filipensky P, Forte G. Substrate mechanics controls adipogenesis through YAP phosphorylation by dictating cell spreading. Biomaterials 2019; 205:64-80. [PMID: 30904599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanoregulated proteins YAP/TAZ are involved in the adipogenic/osteogenic switch of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSC fate decision can be unbalanced by controlling substrate mechanics, in turn altering the transmission of tension through cell cytoskeleton. MSCs have been proposed for orthopedic and reconstructive surgery applications. Thus, a tight control of their adipogenic potential is required in order to avoid their drifting towards fat tissue. Substrate mechanics has been shown to drive MSC commitment and to regulate YAP/TAZ protein shuttling and turnover. The mechanism by which YAP/TAZ co-transcriptional activity is mechanically regulated during MSC fate acquisition is still debated. Here, we design few bioengineering tools suited to disentangle the contribution of mechanical from biological stimuli to MSC adipogenesis. We demonstrate that the mechanical repression of YAP happens through its phosphorylation, is purely mediated by cell spreading downstream of substrate mechanics as dictated by dimensionality. YAP repression is sufficient to prompt MSC adipogenesis, regardless of a permissive biological environment, TEAD nuclear presence or focal adhesion stabilization. Finally, by harnessing the potential of YAP mechanical regulation, we propose a practical example of the exploitation of adipogenic transdifferentiation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgia Nardone
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Capradossi
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Melajová
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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31
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Xiao Q, Zhang N, Ye Z, Huang N. Microtopography based on inverse opal structures regulates the behavior of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Zheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Ning‐Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
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32
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Isomursu A, Lerche M, Taskinen ME, Ivaska J, Peuhu E. Integrin signaling and mechanotransduction in regulation of somatic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:217-225. [PMID: 30817927 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, making them integral for normal tissue homeostasis. Different stem cell functions are strongly affected by the specialized microenvironment surrounding the cells. Consisting of soluble signaling factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands and other cells, but also biomechanical cues such as the viscoelasticity and topography of the ECM, these factors are collectively known as the niche. Cell-ECM interactions are mediated largely by integrins, a class of heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules. Integrins bind their ligands in the extracellular space and associate with the cytoskeleton inside the cell, forming a direct mechanical link between the cells and their surroundings. Indeed, recent findings have highlighted the importance of integrins in translating biophysical cues into changes in cell signaling and function, a multistep process known as mechanotransduction. The mechanical properties of the stem cell niche are important, yet the underlying molecular details of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in stem cells, especially the roles of the different integrin heterodimers, remain elusive. Here, we introduce the reader to the concept of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction, summarize current knowledge on the role of integrin signaling and mechanotransduction in regulation of somatic stem cell functions, and discuss open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Isomursu
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Martina Lerche
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria E Taskinen
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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33
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Hino N, Ichikawa T, Kimura Y, Matsuda M, Ueda K, Kioka N. An amphipathic helix of vinexin α is necessary for a substrate stiffness-dependent conformational change in vinculin. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.217349. [PMID: 30578314 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates various cell behaviors, including cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Vinculin and vinexin α (an isoform encoded by the SORBS3 gene), both of which localize to focal adhesions, cooperatively function as mechanosensors of ECM stiffness. On a rigid ECM, vinexin α interacts with vinculin and induces a conformational change in vinculin to give an 'open' form, which promotes nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, also known as WWTR1) (hereafter YAP/TAZ). However, the detailed mechanism by which vinexin α induces the conformational change in vinculin has not been revealed. Here, we identify an amphipathic helix named H2 as a novel vinculin-binding site in vinexin α. The H2 helix interacts with the vinculin D1b subdomain and promotes the formation of a talin-vinculin-vinexin α ternary complex. Mutations in the H2 region not only impair the ability of vinexin α to induce the ECM stiffness-dependent conformational change in vinculin but also to promote nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ on rigid ECM. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the H2 helix in vinexin α plays a critical role in ECM stiffness-dependent regulation of vinculin and cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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34
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Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway controls nuclear accumulation and stability of the transcriptional coregulator YAP and its paralog TAZ. The activity of Hippo-YAP signaling is influenced not only by biochemical signals, but also by cell shape and mechanical tension transmitted through cell-cell junctions and cell-matrix adhesions. Data accumulated thus far indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is a key mediator of the regulation of Hippo-YAP signaling by means of a variety of biochemical and mechanical cues. In this review, we have outlined the role of actin dynamics and actin-associated proteins in the regulation of Hippo-YAP signaling. In addition, we discuss actinmediated regulation of YAP/TAZ activity independent of the core Hippo kinases MST and LATS. Although our understanding of the link between Hippo-YAP signaling and the actin cytoskeleton is progressing rapidly, many open questions remain. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(3): 151-156].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimyung Seo
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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35
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Kuroda M, Ueda K, Kioka N. Vinexin family (SORBS) proteins regulate mechanotransduction in mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11581. [PMID: 30068914 PMCID: PMC6070524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) directs the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Although a recent study revealed the involvement of vinexin α and CAP (c-Cbl-associated proteins), two of vinexin (SORBS) family proteins that bind to vinculin, in mechanosensing, it is still unclear whether these proteins regulate mechanotransduction and differentiation of MSCs. In the present study, we show that both vinexin α and CAP are necessary for the association of vinculin with the cytoskeleton and the promotion of YAP/TAZ nuclear localization in MSCs grown on rigid substrates. Furthermore, CAP is involved in the MSC differentiation in a stiffness-dependent manner, whereas vinexin depletion suppresses adipocyte differentiation independently of YAP/TAZ. These observations reveal a critical role of vinexin α and CAP in mechanotransduction and MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mito Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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36
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Spill F, Bakal C, Mak M. Mechanical and Systems Biology of Cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:237-245. [PMID: 30105089 PMCID: PMC6077126 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanics and biochemical signaling are both often deregulated in cancer, leading toincreased cell invasiveness, proliferation, and survival. The dynamics and interactions of cytoskeletal components control basic mechanical properties, such as cell tension, stiffness, and engagement with the extracellular environment, which can lead to extracellular matrix remodeling. Intracellular mechanics can alter signaling and transcription factors, impacting cell decision making. Additionally, signaling from soluble and mechanical factors in the extracellular environment, such as substrate stiffness and ligand density, can modulate cytoskeletal dynamics. Computational models closely integrated with experimental support, incorporating cancer-specific parameters, can provide quantitative assessments and serve as predictive tools toward dissecting the feedback between signaling and mechanics and across multiple scales and domains in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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37
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Tani A, Chellini F, Giannelli M, Nosi D, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Sassoli C. Red (635 nm), Near-Infrared (808 nm) and Violet-Blue (405 nm) Photobiomodulation Potentiality on Human Osteoblasts and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Morphological and Molecular In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071946. [PMID: 29970828 PMCID: PMC6073131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used for bone regenerative purposes in different fields of medicine and dentistry, but contradictory results demand a skeptical look for its potential benefits. This in vitro study compared PBM potentiality by red (635 ± 5 nm) or near-infrared (NIR, 808 ± 10 nm) diode lasers and violet-blue (405 ± 5 nm) light-emitting diode operating in a continuous wave with a 0.4 J/cm2 energy density, on human osteoblast and mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) viability, proliferation, adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. PBM treatments did not alter viability (PI/Syto16 and MTS assays). Confocal immunofluorescence and RT-PCR analyses indicated that red PBM (i) on both cell types increased vinculin-rich clusters, osteogenic markers expression (Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin) and mineralized bone-like nodule structure deposition and (ii) on hMSCs induced stress fiber formation and upregulated the expression of proliferation marker Ki67. Interestingly, osteoblast responses to red light were mediated by Akt signaling activation, which seems to positively modulate reactive oxygen species levels. Violet-blue light-irradiated cells behaved essentially as untreated ones and NIR irradiated ones displayed modifications of cytoskeleton assembly, Runx-2 expression and mineralization pattern. Although within the limitations of an in vitro experimentation, this study may suggest PBM with 635 nm laser as potential effective option for promoting/improving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Giannelli
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, via dell' Olivuzzo 162, 50143 Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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38
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Abstract
The Hippo signal transduction pathway is an important regulator of organ growth and cell differentiation, and its deregulation contributes to the development of cancer. The activity of the Hippo pathway is strongly dependent on cell junctions, cellular architecture, and the mechanical properties of the microenvironment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how cell junctions transduce signals from the microenvironment and control the activity of the Hippo pathway. We also discuss how these mechanisms may control organ growth during development and regeneration, and how defects in them deregulate Hippo signaling in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchan Karaman
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georg Halder
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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39
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Jansen K, Atherton P, Ballestrem C. Mechanotransduction at the cell-matrix interface. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Ichikawa T, Kita M, Matsui TS, Nagasato AI, Araki T, Chiang SH, Sezaki T, Kimura Y, Ueda K, Deguchi S, Saltiel AR, Kioka N. Vinexin family (SORBS) proteins play different roles in stiffness-sensing and contractile force generation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3517-3531. [PMID: 28864765 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinexin, c-Cbl associated protein (CAP) and Arg-binding protein 2 (ArgBP2) constitute an adaptor protein family called the vinexin (SORBS) family that is targeted to focal adhesions (FAs). Although numerous studies have focused on each of the SORBS proteins and partially elucidated their involvement in mechanotransduction, a comparative analysis of their function has not been well addressed. Here, we established mouse embryonic fibroblasts that individually expressed SORBS proteins and analysed their functions in an identical cell context. Both vinexin-α and CAP co-localized with vinculin at FAs and promoted the appearance of vinculin-rich FAs, whereas ArgBP2 co-localized with α-actinin at the proximal end of FAs and punctate structures on actin stress fibers (SFs), and induced paxillin-rich FAs. Furthermore, both vinexin-α and CAP contributed to extracellular matrix stiffness-dependent vinculin behaviors, while ArgBP2 stabilized α-actinin on SFs and enhanced intracellular contractile forces. These results demonstrate the differential roles of SORBS proteins in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kita
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ichikawa Nagasato
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Araki
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shian-Huey Chiang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takuhito Sezaki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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41
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Zhou DW, Lee TT, Weng S, Fu J, García AJ. Effects of substrate stiffness and actomyosin contractility on coupling between force transmission and vinculin-paxillin recruitment at single focal adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1901-1911. [PMID: 28468976 PMCID: PMC5541841 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between force and focal adhesion (FA) dynamics is unclear. Substrate stiffness and contractility regulate the relationship between force and vinculin, but not paxillin, turnover at FAs. Substrate stiffness and contractility also regulate whether vinculin and paxillin turnover dynamics are correlated at FAs. Focal adhesions (FAs) regulate force transfer between the cytoskeleton and ECM–integrin complexes. We previously showed that vinculin regulates force transmission at FAs. Vinculin residence time in FAs correlated with applied force, supporting a mechanosensitive model in which forces stabilize vinculin’s active conformation to promote force transfer. In the present study, we examined the relationship between traction force and vinculin–paxillin localization to single FAs in the context of substrate stiffness and actomyosin contractility. We found that vinculin and paxillin FA area did not correlate with traction force magnitudes at single FAs, and this was consistent across different ECM stiffness and cytoskeletal tension states. However, vinculin residence time at FAs varied linearly with applied force for stiff substrates, and this was disrupted on soft substrates and after contractility inhibition. In contrast, paxillin residence time at FAs was independent of local applied force and substrate stiffness. Paxillin recruitment and residence time at FAs, however, were dependent on cytoskeletal contractility on lower substrate stiffness values. Finally, substrate stiffness and cytoskeletal contractility regulated whether vinculin and paxillin turnover dynamics are correlated to each other at single FAs. This analysis sheds new insights on the coupling among force, substrate stiffness, and FA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Zhou
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Ted T Lee
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Shinuo Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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42
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Omachi T, Ichikawa T, Kimura Y, Ueda K, Kioka N. Vinculin association with actin cytoskeleton is necessary for stiffness-dependent regulation of vinculin behavior. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175324. [PMID: 28388663 PMCID: PMC5384775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major regulator of cell behavior. Recent studies have indicated the importance of the physical properties of the ECM, including its stiffness, for cell migration and differentiation. Using actomyosin-generated forces, cells pull the ECM and sense stiffness via cell-ECM adhesion structures called focal adhesions (FAs). Vinculin, an actin-binding FA protein, has emerged as a major player in FA-mediated mechanotransduction. Although vinculin is important for sensing ECM stiffness, the role of vinculin binding to actin in the ECM stiffness-mediated regulation of vinculin behavior remains unknown. Here, we show that an actin binding-deficient mutation disrupts the ECM stiffness-dependent regulation of CSB (cytoskeleton stabilization buffer) resistance and the stable localization of vinculin. These results suggest that the vinculin-actin interaction participates in FA-mediated mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Omachi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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