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Grosjean M, Grichine A, Pezet M, Destaing O, Delon A, Wang I. Shaping an evanescent focus of light for high spatial resolution optogenetic activations in live cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19480-19494. [PMID: 38859082 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Confining light illumination in the three dimensions of space is a challenge for various applications. Among these, optogenetic methods developed for live experiments in cell biology would benefit from such a localized illumination as it would improve the spatial resolution of diffusive photosensitive proteins leading to spatially constrained biological responses in specific subcellular organelles. Here, we describe a method to create and move a focused evanescent spot, at the interface between a glass substrate and an aqueous sample, across the field of view of a high numerical aperture microscope objective, using a digital micro-mirror device (DMD). We show that, after correcting the optical aberrations, light is confined within a spot of sub-micron lateral size and ∼100 nm axial depth above the coverslip, resulting in a volume of illumination drastically smaller than the one generated by a standard propagative focus. This evanescent focus is sufficient to induce a more intense and localized recruitment compared to a propagative focus on the optogenetic system CRY2-CIBN, improving the resolution of its pattern of activation.
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Schmitt DL, Mehta S, Zhang J. Study of spatiotemporal regulation of kinase signaling using genetically encodable molecular tools. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102224. [PMID: 36347198 PMCID: PMC10031819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal organization and regulation of signal transduction networks are essential for cellular response to internal and external cues. To understand how this biochemical activity architecture impacts cellular function, many genetically encodable tools which regulate kinase activity at a subcellular level have been developed. In this review, we highlight various types of genetically encodable molecular tools, including tools to regulate endogenous kinase activity and biorthogonal techniques to perturb kinase activity. Finally, we emphasize the use of these tools alongside biosensors for kinase activity to measure and perturb kinase activity in real time for a better understanding of the cellular biochemical activity architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, USA.
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3
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Toh PJY, Lai JKH, Hermann A, Destaing O, Sheetz MP, Sudol M, Saunders TE. Optogenetic control of YAP cellular localisation and function. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54401. [PMID: 35876586 PMCID: PMC9442306 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP, an effector of the Hippo signalling pathway, promotes organ growth and regeneration. Prolonged YAP activation results in uncontrolled proliferation and cancer. Therefore, exogenous regulation of YAP activity has potential translational applications. We present a versatile optogenetic construct (optoYAP) for manipulating YAP localisation, and consequently its activity and function. We attach a LOV2 domain that photocages a nuclear localisation signal (NLS) to the N-terminus of YAP. In 488 nm light, the LOV2 domain unfolds, exposing the NLS, which shuttles optoYAP into the nucleus. Nuclear import of optoYAP is reversible and tuneable by light intensity. In cell culture, activated optoYAP promotes YAP target gene expression and cell proliferation. Similarly, optofYap can be used in zebrafish embryos to modulate target genes. We demonstrate that optoYAP can override a cell's response to substrate stiffness to generate anchorage-independent growth. OptoYAP is functional in both cell culture and in vivo, providing a powerful tool to address basic research questions and therapeutic applications in regeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearlyn J Y Toh
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jason K H Lai
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Anke Hermann
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and RheumatologyUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance,INSERM U1209Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance,CNRS UMR 5039Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Marius Sudol
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore,Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STARSingapore,Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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Kato G. Regulatory Roles of the N-Terminal Intrinsically Disordered Region of Modular Src. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2241. [PMID: 35216357 PMCID: PMC8874404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, the prototype of Src family kinases (SFKs), is a modular protein consisting of SH4 (SH4) and unique (UD) domains in an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), and SH3, SH2, and kinase (KD) folded domains conserved among SFKs. Src functions as a pleiotropic signaling hub in proliferating and post-mitotic cells, and it is related to cancer and neurological diseases. However, its regulatory mechanism is unclear because the existing canonical model is derived from crystallographic analyses of folded constructs lacking the IDR. This work reviews nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of partially structured lipid-binding segments in the flexible UD and the fuzzy intramolecular complex (FIMC) comprising IDR and SH3 domains, which interacts with lipid membranes and proteins. Furthermore, recently determined IDR-related Src characteristics are discussed, including dimerization, SH4/KD intramolecular fastener bundling of folded domains, and the sorting of adhesive structures. Finally, the modulatory roles of IDR phosphorylation in Src activities involving the FIMC are explored. The new regulatory roles of IDRs are integrated with the canonical model to elucidate the functions of full-length Src. This review presents new aspects of Src regulation, and provides a future direction for studies on the structure and function of Src, and their implications for pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kato
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan
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5
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Aponte E, Lafitte M, Sirvent A, Simon V, Barbery M, Fourgous E, Boublik Y, Maffei M, Armand F, Hamelin R, Pannequin J, Fort P, Pons M, Roche S. Regulation of Src tumor activity by its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region. Oncogene 2022; 41:960-970. [PMID: 34999732 PMCID: PMC8837538 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored Src tyrosine kinase is involved in numerous pathways and its deregulation is involved in human cancer. Our knowledge on Src regulation relies on crystallography, which revealed intramolecular interactions to control active Src conformations. However, Src contains a N-terminal intrinsically disordered unique domain (UD) whose function remains unclear. Using NMR, we reported that UD forms an intramolecular fuzzy complex involving a conserved region with lipid-binding capacity named Unique Lipid-Binding Region (ULBR), which could modulate Src membrane anchoring. Here we show that the ULBR is essential for Src's oncogenic capacity. ULBR inactive mutations inhibited Src transforming activity in NIH3T3 cells and in human colon cancer cells. It also reduced Src-induced tumor development in nude mice. An intact ULBR was required for MAPK signaling without affecting Src kinase activity nor sub-cellular localization. Phospho-proteomic analyses revealed that, while not impacting on the global tyrosine phospho-proteome in colon cancer cells, this region modulates phosphorylation of specific membrane-localized tyrosine kinases needed for Src oncogenic signaling, including EPHA2 and Fyn. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of this intrinsically disordered region in malignant cell transformation and suggests a novel layer of Src regulation by this unique region via membrane substrate phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Aponte
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Lafitte
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Sirvent
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Simon
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Maud Barbery
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Elise Fourgous
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Yvan Boublik
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariano Maffei
- Biomolecular NMR laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Evvivax srl-Via di Castel Romano, 100 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Fort
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Miquel Pons
- Biomolecular NMR laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France.
- IGF, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France.
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