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Brown S, Rivard GR, Gibson G, Currie S. Warming, stochastic diel thermal fluctuations affect physiological performance and gill plasticity in an amphibious mangrove fish. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246726. [PMID: 38904077 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Natural temperature variation in many marine ecosystems is stochastic and unpredictable, and climate change models indicate that this thermal irregularity is likely to increase. Temperature acclimation may be more challenging when conditions are highly variable and stochastic, and there is a need for empirical physiological data in these thermal environments. Using the hermaphroditic, amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus), we hypothesized that compared with regular, warming diel thermal fluctuations, stochastic warm fluctuations would negatively affect physiological performance. To test this, we acclimated fish to: (1) non-stochastic and (2) stochastic thermal fluctuations with a similar thermal load (27-35°C), and (3) a stable/consistent control temperature at the low end of the cycle (27°C). We determined that fecundity was reduced in both cycles, with reproduction ceasing in stochastic thermal environments. Fish acclimated to non-stochastic thermal cycles had growth rates lower than those of control fish. Exposure to warm, fluctuating cycles did not affect emersion temperature, and only regular diel cycles modestly increased critical thermal tolerance. We predicted that warm diel cycling temperatures would increase gill surface area. Notably, fish acclimated to either thermal cycle had a reduced gill surface area and increased intralamellar cell mass when compared with control fish. This decreased gill surface area with warming contrasts with what is observed for exclusively aquatic fish and suggests a preparatory gill response for emersion in these amphibious fish. Collectively, our data reveal the importance of considering stochastic thermal variability when studying the effects of temperature on fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brown
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle R Rivard
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Glenys Gibson
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
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2
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Van Wert JC, Birnie-Gauvin K, Gallagher J, Hardison EA, Landfield K, Burkepile DE, Eliason EJ. Despite plasticity, heatwaves are costly for a coral reef fish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13320. [PMID: 38858427 PMCID: PMC11164959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, including marine heatwaves, which are prolonged periods of anomalously high sea surface temperature that pose a novel threat to aquatic animals. Tropical animals may be especially vulnerable to marine heatwaves because they are adapted to a narrow temperature range. If these animals cannot acclimate to marine heatwaves, the extreme heat could impair their behavior and fitness. Here, we investigated how marine heatwave conditions affected the performance and thermal tolerance of a tropical predatory fish, arceye hawkfish (Paracirrhites arcatus), across two seasons in Moorea, French Polynesia. We found that the fish's daily activities, including recovery from burst swimming and digestion, were more energetically costly in fish exposed to marine heatwave conditions across both seasons, while their aerobic capacity remained the same. Given their constrained energy budget, these rising costs associated with warming may impact how hawkfish prioritize activities. Additionally, hawkfish that were exposed to hotter temperatures exhibited cardiac plasticity by increasing their maximum heart rate but were still operating within a few degrees of their thermal limits. With more frequent and intense heatwaves, hawkfish, and other tropical fishes must rapidly acclimate, or they may suffer physiological consequences that alter their role in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacey C Van Wert
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jordan Gallagher
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Landfield
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Deron E Burkepile
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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3
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Zambie AD, Ackerly KL, Negrete B, Esbaugh AJ. Warming-induced "plastic floors" improve hypoxia vulnerability, not aerobic scope, in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171057. [PMID: 38378061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Ocean warming is a prevailing threat to marine ectotherms. Recently the "plastic floors, concrete ceilings" hypothesis was proposed, which suggests that a warmed fish will acclimate to higher temperatures by reducing standard metabolic rate (SMR) while keeping maximum metabolic rate (MMR) stable, therefore improving aerobic scope (AS). Here we evaluated this hypothesis on red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) while incorporating measures of hypoxia vulnerability (critical oxygen threshold; Pcrit) and mitochondrial performance. Fish were subjected to a 12-week acclimation to 20 °C or 28 °C. Respirometry was performed every 4 weeks to obtain metabolic rate and Pcrit; mitochondrial respirometry was performed on liver and heart samples at the end of the acclimation. 28 °C fish had a significantly higher SMR, MMR, and Pcrit than 20 °C controls at time 0, but SMR declined by 36.2 % over the 12-week acclimation. No change in SMR was observed in the control treatment. Contrary to expectations, SMR suppression did not improve AS relative to time 0 owing to a progressive decline in MMR over acclimation time. Pcrit decreased by 27.2 % in the warm-acclimated fishes, which resulted in temperature treatments having statistically similar values by 12-weeks. No differences in mitochondrial traits were observed in the heart - despite a Δ8 °C assay temperature - while liver respiratory and coupling control ratios were significantly improved, suggesting that mitochondrial plasticity may contribute to the reduced SMR with warming. Overall, this work suggests that warming induced metabolic suppression offsets the deleterious consequences of high oxygen demand on hypoxia vulnerability, and in so doing greatly expands the theoretical range of metabolically available habitats for red drum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Zambie
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, United States
| | - Kerri Lynn Ackerly
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States
| | - Benjamin Negrete
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States.
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4
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Andrew S, Swart S, McKenna S, Morissette J, Gillis CA, Linnansaari T, Currie S, Morash AJ. The impacts of diel thermal variability on growth, development and performance of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) from two thermally distinct rivers. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae007. [PMID: 38487731 PMCID: PMC10939361 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Temperature in many natural aquatic environments follows a diel cycle, but to date, we know little on how diel thermal cycles affect fish biology. The current study investigates the growth, development and physiological performance of wild Atlantic salmon collected from the Miramichi and Restigouche rivers (NB, Canada). Fish were collected as parr and acclimated to either 16-21 or 19-24°C diel thermal cycles throughout the parr and smolt life stages. Both Miramichi and Restigouche Atlantic salmon parr grew at similar rates during 16-21 or 19-24°C acclimations. However, as smolts, the growth rates of the Miramichi (-8% body mass day-1) and Restigouche (-38% body mass day-1) fish were significantly slower at 19-24°C, and were in fact negative, indicating loss of mass in this group. Acclimation to 19-24°C also increased Atlantic salmon CTmax. Our findings suggest that both life stage and river origin impact Atlantic salmon growth and performance in the thermal range used herein. These findings provide evidence for local adaptation of Atlantic salmon, increased vulnerability to warming temperatures, and highlight the differential impacts of these ecologically relevant diel thermal cycles on the juvenile life stages in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Andrew
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Sula Swart
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Stephanie McKenna
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Jenna Morissette
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Carole-Anne Gillis
- Gespe’gewa’gi Institute of Natural Understanding, 1 Marshall Way, Listuguj, QC, G0C 2R0, Canada
| | - Tommi Linnansaari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Andrea J Morash
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
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5
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Scheuffele H, Todd EV, Donald JA, Clark TD. Daily thermal variability does not modify long-term gene expression relative to stable thermal environments: A case study of a tropical fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 287:111532. [PMID: 37816418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is leading to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, magnifying the breadth of temperatures faced by ectotherms across days and seasons. Despite the importance and ecological relevance of diurnal thermal variability, the vast majority of knowledge on gene expression patterns and physiology stems from animals acclimated to constant temperatures or in the early stages of exposure to a new temperature regime. If heterothermal environments modulate responses differently from constant thermal environments, our existing capacity to forecast impacts of climate warming may be compromised. To address this knowledge gap, we acclimated barramundi (Lates calcarifer) to 23 °C, 29 °C (optimal), 35 °C and to thermal cycling conditions (23-35 °C daily with a mean of 29 °C) and sampled liver and white muscle tissue before acclimation and after 2 and 17 weeks of acclimation. NanoString nCounter technologies were used to measure expression of 20 genes related to metabolism, growth and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Acclimation to cool and warm conditions caused predictable changes in whole-animal performance (metabolism and growth) and the underlying gene expression patterns. Acclimation to a cycling temperature regime did not change the molecular regulation of metabolism or growth compared with barramundi acclimated to constant 29 °C, nor did it cause any discernible effects on whole-animal performance. However, the heat shock response was higher in the former group, suggesting that barramundi under a daily temperature cycle have an increased need for cellular chaperoning to minimise detrimental effects of temperature on proteins. We conclude that the genetic regulation of metabolism and growth may be more dependent on the mean daily temperature than on the daily temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Scheuffele
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Erica V Todd
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - John A Donald
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia. https://twitter.com/JohnDon17043551
| | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia. https://twitter.com/Timothy_D_Clark
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6
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Dressler TL, Han Lee V, Klose K, Eliason EJ. Thermal tolerance and vulnerability to warming differ between populations of wild Oncorhynchus mykiss near the species' southern range limit. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14538. [PMID: 37666931 PMCID: PMC10477306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish habitat temperatures are increasing due to human impacts including climate change. For broadly distributed species, thermal tolerance can vary at the population level, making it challenging to predict which populations are most vulnerable to warming. Populations inhabiting warm range boundaries may be more resilient to these changes due to adaptation or acclimatization to warmer temperatures, or they may be more vulnerable as temperatures may already approach their physiological limits. We tested functional and critical thermal tolerance of two populations of wild Oncorhynchus mykiss near the species' southern range limit and, as predicted, found population-specific responses to temperature. Specifically, the population inhabiting the warmer stream, Piru Creek, had higher critical thermal maxima and higher functional thermal tolerance compared to the population from the cooler stream, Arroyo Seco. Arroyo Seco O. mykiss are more likely to experience a limitation of aerobic scope with warming. Piru Creek O. mykiss, however, had higher resting metabolic rates and prolonged exercise recovery, meaning that they could be more vulnerable to warming if prey or dissolved oxygen become limited. Temperature varies widely between streams near the O. mykiss southern range limit and populations will likely have unique responses to warming based on their thermal tolerances and metabolic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Dressler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - V Han Lee
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - K Klose
- U.S. Forest Service, Los Padres National Forest, 1980 Old Mission Drive, Solvang, CA, 93463, USA
| | - E J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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7
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Hardison EA, Schwieterman GD, Eliason EJ. Diet changes thermal acclimation capacity, but not acclimation rate, in a marine ectotherm ( Girella nigricans) during warming. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222505. [PMID: 36987639 PMCID: PMC10050929 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is increasing thermal variability in coastal marine environments and the frequency, intensity and duration of marine heatwaves. At the same time, food availability and quality are being altered by anthropogenic environmental changes. Marine ectotherms often cope with changes in temperature through physiological acclimation, which can take several weeks and is a nutritionally demanding process. Here, we tested the hypothesis that different ecologically relevant diets (omnivorous, herbivorous, carnivorous) impact thermal acclimation rate and capacity, using a temperate omnivorous fish as a model (opaleye, Girella nigricans). We measured acute thermal performance curves for maximum heart rate because cardiac function has been observed to set upper thermal limits in ectotherms. Opaleye acclimated rapidly after raising water temperatures, but their thermal limits and acclimation rate were not affected by their diet. However, the fish's acclimation capacity for maximum heart rate was sensitive to diet, with fish in the herbivorous treatment displaying the smallest change in heart rate throughout acclimation. Mechanistically, ventricle fatty acid composition differed with diet treatment and was related to cardiac performance in ways consistent with homoviscous adaptation. Our results suggest that diet is an important, but often overlooked, determinant of thermal performance in ectotherms on environmentally relevant time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gail D. Schwieterman
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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8
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Anttila K, Mauduit F, Kanerva M, Götting M, Nikinmaa M, Claireaux G. Cardiovascular oxygen transport and peripheral oxygen extraction capacity contribute to acute heat tolerance in European seabass. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111340. [PMID: 36347467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether different parameters describing cardiovascular function, energy metabolism, oxygen transport and oxidative stress were related to the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and if there were differential changes in these parameters during and after heat shock in animals with different CTMAX in order to characterize which physiological features make seabass vulnerable to heat waves. Seabass (n = 621) were tested for CTMAX and the physiological parameters were measured in individuals with good or poor temperature tolerance before and after a heat shock (change in temperature from 15 °C to 28 °C in 1.5 h). Fish with good thermal tolerance had larger ventricles with higher maximal heart rate during the heat shock than individuals with poor tolerance. Furthermore, they initially had a high ventricular Ca2+-ATPase activity, which was reduced to a similar level as in fish with poor tolerance following heat shock. The activity of heart lactate dehydrogenase increased in fish with high tolerance, when they were exposed to heat shock, while the aerobic enzyme activity did not differ between groups. The tolerant individuals had smaller red muscle fibers with higher myoglobin content than the poorly tolerant ones. The poorly tolerant individuals had higher hematocrit, which increased with heat shock in both groups. The poorly tolerant individuals had also higher activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress especially after heat shock. In general, CTMAX was not depending on merely one physiological factor but several organ and cellular parameters were related to the CTMAX of seabass and when working in combination they might protect the highly tolerant seabass from future heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Götting
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
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9
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Skeeles MR, Scheuffele H, Clark TD. Chronic experimental hyperoxia elevates aerobic scope: a valid method to test for physiological oxygen limitations in fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1595-1600. [PMID: 36069991 PMCID: PMC10087569 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Experimental hyperoxia has been shown to enhance the maximum oxygen uptake capacity of fishes under acute conditions, potentially offering an avenue to test prominent physiological hypotheses attempting to explain impacts of climate warming on fish populations (e.g., gill-oxygen limitation driving declines in fish size). Such benefits of experimental hyperoxia must persist under chronic conditions if it is to provide a valid manipulation to test the relevant hypotheses, yet the long-term benefits of experimental hyperoxia to oxygen uptake capacity have not been examined. Here, the authors measured aerobic metabolic performance of Galaxias maculatus upon acute exposure to hyperoxia (150% air saturation) and after 5 months of acclimation, at both 15°C and 20°C. Acute hyperoxia elevated aerobic scope by 74%-94% relative to normoxic controls, and an elevation of 58%-73% persisted after 5 months of hyperoxia acclimation. When hyperoxia-acclimated fish were acutely transitioned back to normoxia, they maintained superior aerobic performance compared with normoxic controls, suggesting an acclimation of the underlying metabolic structures/processes. In demonstrating the long-term benefits of experimental hyperoxia on the aerobic performance of a fish, the authors encourage the use of such approaches to disentangle the role of oxygen in driving the responses of fish populations to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Skeeles
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hanna Scheuffele
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Timothy D. Clark
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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10
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Cominassi L, Ressel KN, Brooking AA, Marbacher P, Ransdell-Green EC, O'Brien KM. Metabolic rate increases with acclimation temperature and is associated with mitochondrial function in some tissues of threespine stickleback. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:jeb244659. [PMID: 36268761 PMCID: PMC9687547 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic rate (ṀO2) of eurythermal fishes changes in response to temperature, yet it is unclear how changes in mitochondrial function contribute to changes in ṀO2. We hypothesized that ṀO2 would increase with acclimation temperature in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in parallel with metabolic remodeling at the cellular level but that changes in metabolism in some tissues, such as liver, would contribute more to changes in ṀO2 than others. Threespine stickleback were acclimated to 5, 12 and 20°C for 7 to 21 weeks. At each temperature, standard and maximum metabolic rate (SMR and MMR, respectively), and absolute aerobic scope (AAS) were quantified, along with mitochondrial respiration rates in liver, oxidative skeletal and cardiac muscles, and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver, and oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles. SMR, MMR and AAS increased with acclimation temperature, along with rates of mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration in all tissues. Low SMR and MMR at 5°C were associated with low or undetectable rates of mitochondrial complex II activity and a greater reliance on complex I activity in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle and heart. SMR was positively correlated with cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in liver and oxidative muscle, but not mitochondrial proton leak, whereas MMR was positively correlated with CCO activity in liver. Overall, the results suggest that changes in ṀO2 in response to temperature are driven by changes in some aspects of mitochondrial function in some, but not all, tissues of threespine stickleback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cominassi
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Kirsten N. Ressel
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Allison A. Brooking
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Patrick Marbacher
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | - Kristin M. O'Brien
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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11
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Brownscombe JW, Raby GD, Murchie KJ, Danylchuk AJ, Cooke SJ. An energetics-performance framework for wild fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:4-12. [PMID: 35439327 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that bioenergetics can explain relationships between environmental conditions and fish behaviour, distribution and fitness. Fish energetic needs increase predictably with water temperature, but metabolic performance (i.e., aerobic scope) exhibits varied relationships, and there is debate about its role in shaping fish ecology. Here we present an energetics-performance framework, which posits that ecological context determines whether energy expenditure or metabolic performance influence fish behaviour and fitness. From this framework, we present testable predictions about how temperature-driven variability in energetic demands and metabolic performance interact with ecological conditions to influence fish behaviour, distribution and fitness. Specifically, factors such as prey availability and the spatial distributions of prey and predators may alter fish temperature selection relative to metabolic and energetic optima. Furthermore, metabolic flexibility is a key determinant of how fish will respond to changing conditions, such as those predicted with climate change. With few exceptions, these predictions have rarely been tested in the wild due partly to difficulties in remotely measuring aspects of fish energetics. However, with recent advances in technology and measurement techniques, we now have a better capacity to measure bioenergetics parameters in the wild. Testing these predictions will provide a more mechanistic understanding of how ecological factors affect fish fitness and population dynamics, advancing our knowledge of how species and ecosystems will respond to rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen J Murchie
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Knight K. Barramundi take the average to cope with high temperatures. J Exp Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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