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Fouly A, Alnaser IA, Assaifan AK, Abdo HS. Developing PMMA/Coffee Husk Green Composites to Meet the Individual Requirements of People with Disabilities: Hip Spacer Case Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040200. [PMID: 37103290 PMCID: PMC10146844 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When replacing a damaged artificial hip joint, treatment involves using antibiotic-laced bone cement as a spacer. One of the most popular materials used for spacers is PMMA; however, it has limitations in terms of mechanical and tribological properties. To overcome such limitations, the current paper proposes utilizing a natural filler, coffee husk, as a reinforcement for PMMA. The coffee husk filler was first prepared using the ball-milling technique. PMMA composites with varying weight fractions of coffee husk (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) were prepared. The hardness was measured to estimate the mechanical properties of the produced composites, and the compression test was utilized to estimate the Young modulus and compressive yield strength. Furthermore, the tribological properties of the composites were evaluated by measuring the friction coefficient and wear by rubbing the composite samples against stainless steel and cow bone counterparts under different normal loads. The wear mechanisms were identified via scanning electron microscopy. Finally, a finite element model for the hip joint was built to investigate the load-carrying capacity of the composites under human loading conditions. The results show that incorporating coffee husk particles can enhance both the mechanical and tribological properties of the PMMA composites. The finite element results are consistent with the experimental findings, indicating the potential of the coffee husk as a promising filler material for enhancing the performance of PMMA-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz K Assaifan
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
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Mallek A, Miloudi A, Khaldi M, Bouziane MM, Bouiadjra BB, Bougherara H, Gill RHS. Quasi-static analysis of hip cement spacers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104334. [PMID: 33497959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of temporary hip prosthesis made of orthopedic cement (spacer) in conjunction with antibiotics became a widespread method used for treating prosthetic infections despite the fact that this method makes bone cement (PMMA) more fragile. The necessity to incorporate reinforcement is therefore crucial to strengthen the bone cement. In this study, a validated Finite Element Modelling (FEM) was used to analyze the behavior of spacers. This FEM model uses a non-linear dynamic explicit integration to simulate the mechanical behavior of the spacer under quasi-static loading. In addition to this FEM, Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was also used to investigate the fracture behavior of the spacers reinforced with titanium, ceramic and stainless-steel spacer stems. The effect of the material on the performance of the reinforced spacers was also analyzed. The results showed that numerical modelling based on explicit finite element using ABAQUS/Explicit is an effective method to predict the different spacers' mechanical behavior. The simulated crack initiation and propagation were in a good agreement with experimental observations. The FEM models developed in this study can help mechanical designers and engineers to improve the prostheses' quality and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhafid Mallek
- LMPM, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, BP 89, Cité Ben M'hidi, Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Miloudi
- LMSR, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, BP 89, Cité Ben M'hidi, Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000, Algeria
| | - Mokhtar Khaldi
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials (LABAB), ENP Oran-MA, Oran, Algeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Mascara, BP 305 Route de Mamounia, Mascara, 29000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed-Mokhtar Bouziane
- LMPM, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, BP 89, Cité Ben M'hidi, Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000, Algeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Mascara, BP 305 Route de Mamounia, Mascara, 29000, Algeria.
| | - Belabbes Bachir Bouiadjra
- LMPM, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, BP 89, Cité Ben M'hidi, Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000, Algeria
| | - Habiba Bougherara
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richie H S Gill
- Centre for Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Rimke C, Enz A, Bail HJ, Heppt P, Kladny B, von Lewinski G, Lohmann CH, Osmanski-Zenk K, Haas H, Mittelmeier W. Evaluation of the standard procedure for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) in Germany - results of a survey within the EndoCert initiative. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:694. [PMID: 33076900 PMCID: PMC7574524 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication in the field of arthroplasty. Despite the rising number of primary joint replacements, no unified therapeutic standard has been established for the treatment of PJI yet. METHODS A survey on the principles of treatment of PJI in Germany was conducted. A total of 515 EndoProthetikZentren (EPZ) were included, resulting in a response rate of 100%. RESULTS For early infections 97.6% of the centers use prosthesis-preserving procedures (DAIR). A one-stage exchange was implemented by less than 50% of the centers. If implemented, this treatment entails a prior selection of patients for a successful treatment. The two-stage exchange is performed in all centers, and most centers proceed with the implantation of a cemented spacer between stages. 75% of the centers proceed with a center-based concept for the treatment of PJI. CONCLUSION The aim of a uniform PJI standard at the centers has not yet been fully achieved. Further improvements within the certification were initiated. The most relevant treatment options in Germany are displayed. The two-stage revision with a cemented spacer is the most widely implemented treatment. This exposition of principles could help for the further development of standardized treatment guidelines and definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rimke
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Straße 142, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Enz
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Straße 142, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Hermann Josef Bail
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum Nürnberg Süd, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Nürnberg, Breslauer Straße 201, 90471, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Peter Heppt
- OCE Orthopädie Centrum Erlangen, Nägelsbachstraße 49A, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kladny
- M&I Fachklinik Herzogenaurach, In der Reuth 1, 91074, Herzogenaurach, Germany
| | - Gabriela von Lewinski
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Osmanski-Zenk
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Straße 142, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Haas
- Allgemeine Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Sportmedizin, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus St Elisabeth St Petrus St Johannes gGmbH, Haus St. Petrus / Bonner Talweg 4-6, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mittelmeier
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Straße 142, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Preliminary results of the tribological performance of new modular temporary knee spacer antibiotic-impregnated. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:205-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wear Performance of Calcium Carbonate-Containing Knee Spacers. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10070805. [PMID: 28773164 PMCID: PMC5551848 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Articulating spacers should be wear-resistant and load-bearing to avoid prolonged immobilization of the patient and to reduce morbidity. However, due to the articulation of both components, a release of cement wear particles is to be expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the wear performance of a new spacer cement that contains calcium carbonate as a radio-opaque substance, in comparison to an established barium sulphate-containing spacer material, and also to characterize the amount, morphology, and size distributions of the released cement particles in detail. Force-controlled simulation was carried out on an AMTI knee simulator. The test parameters were in accordance with the standard ISO 14243-1 with a 50% reduced axial force. Tests were run for 500,000 cycles at a frequency of 1 Hz. For wear analysis, photographic documentation of the wear scars, gravimetric wear measurements and wear particle analysis were performed. The barium sulphate spacer material showed a total articular wear of 375.53 ± 161.22 mg. For the calcium carbonate-containing cement, reduced articular wear of 136.32 ± 37.58 mg was determined. Isolated cement wear particles of the barium sulphate-containing cement had a diameter of 0.429 ± 0.224 μm and were significantly larger compared to the calcium carbonate-containing cement (0.380 ± 0.216 μm, p = 0.02). The calcium carbonate-containing cement showed better wear performance in terms of gravimetric wear and particle release. Thus, calcium carbonate seems to be a promising material as a radio-opaque substrate in cement spacers.
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Bitsch RG, Kretzer JP, Vogt S, Büchner H, Thomsen MN, Lehner B. Increased antibiotic release and equivalent biomechanics of a spacer cement without hard radio contrast agents. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26219491 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared a novel calcium carbonate spacer cement (Copal® spacem) to well-established bone cements. Electron microscopic structure and elution properties of the antibiotics ofloxacin, vancomycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin were examined. A knee wear simulator model for articulating cement spacers was established. Mechanical tests for bending strength, flexural modulus, and compressive and fatigue strength were performed. The electron microscopic analysis showed a microporous structure of the spacer cement, and this promoted a significantly higher and longer antibiotic elution. All spacer cement specimens released the antibiotics for a period of up to 50days with the exception of the vancomycin loading. The spacer cement showed significantly less wear scars and fulfilled the ISO 5833 requirements. The newly developed spacer cement is a hydrophilic antibiotic carrier with an increased release. Cement without hard radio contrast agents can improve tribological behaviour of spacers, and this may reduce reactive wear particles and abrasive bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Bitsch
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J P Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Vogt
- Heraeus Medical GmbH, 61273 Wehrheim, Germany
| | - H Büchner
- Heraeus Medical GmbH, 61273 Wehrheim, Germany
| | - M N Thomsen
- Klinikum Mittelbaden, 76530 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - B Lehner
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Research on the torsional fretting behavior of the head–neck interface of artificial hip joint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacers for two-stage revision of infected total hip arthroplasty. Long-term results. Hip Int 2013; 22 Suppl 8:S46-53. [PMID: 22956370 DOI: 10.5301/hip.2012.9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage revision is the most widely accepted and performed intervention for chronically infected hip prosthesis and different interim spacers have been proposed. In recent years, antibiotic-loaded preformed spacers have become available on the market. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term results of two-stage revision with preformed spacers and uncemented hip prosthesis for the treatment of septic hip prosthesis. From 2000 to 2010, 183 consecutive patients underwent two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis, with a same protocol, including preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer and a cementless modular hip revision prosthesis and four to six weeks antibiotic administration. Clinical and radiologic assessment at a minimum follow-up of two years was performed. At a minimum two years follow-up, 10 patients (5.4%) had had an infection recurrence, four (2.2%) an aseptic loosening and four more required partial revision of the modular components of the prosthesis, because of hip instability/dislocation; 21 patients died or were lost to follow-up. Considering all the reasons for revision, survivorship at eleven years was 93.9%. Harris Hip Score improved from 29.1 ± 14.6 pre-operatively to 41.1 ± 15.9 after spacer implant and 81.7 ± 17.6 after hip revision. The main complications after spacer implant included: spacer dislocation (16.4%), intra-operative femoral fractures (2.7%), and thromboembolism (2.1%). Complications after hip revision were: instability/dislocation (4,3%), intra-operative femoral fractures (1.6%), and thromboembolism (3.3%). Two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis with preformed antibiotic-loaded spacers and cementless hip prosthesis provides satisfactory long-term results, with reduced complications.
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Flores X, Corona PS, Cortina J, Guerra E, Amat C. Temporary cement tectoplasty: a technique to improve prefabricated hip spacer stability in two-stage surgery for infected hip arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2012; 132:719-24. [PMID: 22258179 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-012-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This technical note describes an intraoperatively custom-made, antibiotic-loaded bone cement roof, used in conjunction with a prefabricated hip spacer to improve component stability, as part of the first stage of a two-stage procedure for an infected hip implant. This technique was successfully used in seven cases who presented with extensive superior and/or posterio-superior acetabular defect, which created a risk of spacer dislocation. With this technique we were able to avoid any further dislocation in these seven cases. We believe that the technique may reduce postoperative spacer dislocation in cases with extensive acetabular defects, while improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Flores
- Reconstruction and Septic Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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D'Angelo F, Negri L, Binda T, Zatti G, Cherubino P. The use of a preformed spacer in two-stage revision of infected hip arthroplasties. Musculoskelet Surg 2011; 95:115-120. [PMID: 21479729 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-011-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage revision with the use of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer has spread widely as a successful treatment for THA infection. Between 1999 and 2008, 28 patients with infected THA were treated with two-stage implant revision using a preformed spacer. The spacer was left in situ for 5.5 months (range 1-13 months), and the patients were allowed to walk with partial weight bearing. At a mean follow-up of 53 months (range 18-106 months), recurrence of infection was observed in only one patient. Complications were observed in five patients: three spacer dislocations, one distal femoral fracture occurred during stem removal, and one femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm. The mean HHS increased from 43 points (range 13-77) to 82 points (range 35-96). Though small prospective studies are reported in literature, good eradication rate and good functional outcomes encourage for the use of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. The industrial production ensures procedure standardization, well-defined physical and chemical properties to the device and eliminates time necessary to intraoperatory manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D'Angelo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Romanò CL, Romanò D, Meani E, Logoluso N, Drago L. Two-stage revision surgery with preformed spacers and cementless implants for septic hip arthritis: a prospective, non-randomized cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:129. [PMID: 21575241 PMCID: PMC3118141 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Outcome data on two-stage revision surgery for deep infection after septic hip arthritis are limited and inconsistent. This study presents the medium-term results of a new, standardized two-stage arthroplasty with preformed hip spacers and cementless implants in a consecutive series of adult patients with septic arthritis of the hip treated according to a same protocol. Methods Nineteen patients (20 hips) were enrolled in this prospective, non-randomized cohort study between 2000 and 2008. The first stage comprised femoral head resection, debridement, and insertion of a preformed, commercially available, antibiotic-loaded cement hip spacer. After eradication of infection, a cementless total hip arthroplasty was implanted in the second stage. Patients were assessed for infection recurrence, pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) and hip joint function (Harris Hip score). Results The mean time between first diagnosis of infection and revision surgery was 5.8 ± 9.0 months; the average duration of follow up was 56.6 (range, 24 - 104) months; all 20 hips were successfully converted to prosthesis an average 22 ± 5.1 weeks after spacer implantation. Reinfection after total hip joint replacement occurred in 1 patient. The mean VAS pain score improved from 48 (range, 35 - 84) pre-operatively to 18 (range, 0 - 38) prior to spacer removal and to 8 (range, 0 - 15) at the last follow-up assessment after prosthesis implantation. The average Harris Hip score improved from 27.5 before surgery to 61.8 between the two stages to 92.3 at the final follow-up assessment. Conclusions Satisfactory outcomes can be obtained with two-stage revision hip arthroplasty using preformed spacers and cementless implants for prosthetic hip joint infections of various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo L Romanò
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Ricostruttiva e delle Infezioni Osteo-articolari Istituto Ortopedico I,R,C,C,S, Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.
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Articulating spacers used in two-stage revision of infected hip and knee prostheses abrade with time. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469:1095-102. [PMID: 20665141 PMCID: PMC3048284 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articulating spacers used in two-stage revision surgery of infected prostheses have the potential to abrade and subsequently induce third-body wear of the new prosthesis. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked whether particulate material abraded from spacers could be detected in the synovial membrane 6 weeks after implantation when the spacers were removed for the second stage of the revision. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen hip spacers (cemented prosthesis stem articulating with a cement cup) and four knee spacers (customized mobile cement spacers) were explanted 6 weeks after implantation and the synovial membranes were removed at the same time. The membranes were examined by xray fluorescence spectroscopy, xray diffraction for the presence of abraded particles originating from the spacer material, and analyzed in a semiquantitative manner by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Histologic analyses also were performed. RESULTS We found zirconium dioxide in substantial amounts in all samples, and in the specimens of the hip synovial lining, we detected particles that originated from the metal heads of the spacers. Histologically, zirconium oxide particles were seen in the synovial membrane of every spacer and bone cement particles in one knee and two hip spacers. CONCLUSIONS The observations suggest cement spacers do abrade within 6 weeks. Given the presence of abrasion debris, we recommend total synovectomy and extensive lavage during the second-stage reimplantation surgery to minimize the number of abraded particles and any retained bacteria.
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13
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Patti BN, Lindeque BGP. Antibiotic-loaded acrylic bone cement in the revision of septic arthroplasty: where's the evidence? Orthopedics 2011; 34:210. [PMID: 21410104 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20110124-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N Patti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Romanò CL, Romanò D, Logoluso N, Meani E. Long-stem versus short-stem preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacers for two-stage revision of infected total hip arthroplasty. Hip Int 2010; 20:26-33. [PMID: 20235080 DOI: 10.1177/112070001002000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage revision is the most widely accepted and performed intervention for chronically infected hip prostheses. In recent years short and long stem antibiotic-loaded preformed spacers have become available on the market. The aim of this prospective, comparative study was to assess the safety and efficacy of long stem versus short stem preformed spacers. From year 2000 to 2007 102 consecutive patients underwent two-stage revision of septic hip replacement with a preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer and a cementless modular hip revision prosthesis. Patients were divided in two groups: Group L (long stem spacer) (N=60) and Group S (short stem) (N=42) and compared. No systemic toxicity due to local antibiotic release and no spacer breakage were observed in either group. At spacer removal, no statistically significant difference was observed in infection recurrence. After revision, at a mean 4 years follow-up, 2 patients in Group L and 2 in Group S showed infection recurrence. The Harris Hip Score improved in both groups, compared to post spacer implant values: 79.6 + or - 15.4 versus 38.4 + or - 14.5 in Group L (p < 0.0001) and 82.3 + or - 14.4 versus 44.8 + or - 16.6 in Group S (p < 0.0001); the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Short and long stem spacers provide comparable low infection recurrence rate and clinical outcome, with negligible risk of breakage and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo L Romanò
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Bone and Joint Infections, Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Thielen T, Maas S, Zuerbes A, Waldmann D, Anagnostakos K, Kelm J. Mechanical behaviour of standardized, endoskeleton-including hip spacers implanted into composite femurs. Int J Med Sci 2009; 6:280-6. [PMID: 19834594 PMCID: PMC2755125 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-stage reconstruction using an antibiotic loaded cement spacer is the preferred treatment method of late hip joint infections. Hip spacers maintain stability of the joint and length of the limb during treatment period. However, as the material strength of bone cement (PMMA) is limited, spacer fractures led to serious complications in the past. This study investigated the load capacity of custom made hip spacers, developed at the 'Klinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie' (Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany), and implanted into composite femurs. In a quasi-static test, non-reinforced spacers tolerated hip joint loads of about 3000 N, whereas reinforced spacers with titanium-grade-two endoskeletons doubled this load up to 6000 N. Even for cyclic loading, endoskeleton-including hip spacers tolerated loads of >4500 N with 500,000 load cycles. Thus, an endoskeleton-including spacer should provide a mobile and functional joint through the treatment course. A generated FE-model was used to determine the fracture stresses and allows for further sensitivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thielen
- Research Unit in Engineering Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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A technique for the fabrication of a reinforced moulded articulating cement spacer in two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2009; 34:949-53. [PMID: 19693497 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-009-0847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe an inexpensive method of producing a reinforced articulating cement spacer using a commercially available hip cement mould. We have a cohort of 15 consecutive patients in whom this novel cement spacer has been used. All patients were able to at least partially weight bear and none of the spacers fractured. Thirteen have been explanted at second stage operation after a minimum of eight weeks in situ. Two patients have been unable to undergo a second stage due to unrelated death and medical problems precluding further surgery. The articulating cement spacer described is produced using a technique that is simple, reproducible and allows a reinforced spacer to be created inexpensively without the need for special equipment.
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Thielen T, Maas S, Zuerbes A, Waldmann D, Anagnostakos K, Kelm J. Development of a reinforced PMMA-based hip spacer adapted to patients' needs. Med Eng Phys 2009; 31:930-6. [PMID: 19523868 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two-stage reimplantation using an interval hip prosthesis (spacer) of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement has become a well-accepted method to eradicate infection and prevent limb shortening. However, custom made as well as prefabricated spacers share a weakness of limited strength and hence several fractures of spacers have been observed, even for partial weight bearing. The purpose of this study was therefore to improve the strength of the custom made spacer, used at the Orthopaedic Department of the Saarland University Hospital (Germany). As the material strength of bone cement is limited, several reinforced spacers with a metal core consisting of titanium grade two have been developed and investigated. Loading procedure was close to the ISO 7206/4, though small adaptation was made. An inserted rod of titanium grade two increased the collapse load up to 1000-1300 N, but considering a maximum expected load of about three times the body weight, still below the required value. A "full-stem" reinforced spacer, i.e. spacer with a titanium endoskeleton and a minimum of 2-3mm PMMA-coating in order to assure drug release, provides a mobile and functional joint through the treatment course. Those with 8mm thickness of titanium endoskeleton endured up to one million load cycles in a load range of 300-2300 N. To give further support for individual cases a meaningful S-N curve for this device was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thielen
- Research Unit in Engineering Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Abstract
The infection rate after primary hip arthroplasty lies at 1-2%. In the past few years, a two-stage protocol with the implantation of an antibiotic-loaded spacer has become a popular procedure in the treatment of infected hip joint arthroplasties. In this review, we pay special attention to the elution characteristics of the spacers, their mechanical stability and the clinical response. We conclude that hip spacers are an effective method in the treatment of hip joint infections, with success rates of over 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Anagnostakos
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes. Homburg/Saar. Germany.
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Hanssen AD, Spangehl MJ. Practical applications of antibiotic-loaded bone cement for treatment of infected joint replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004:79-85. [PMID: 15552141 DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000143806.72379.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement is an accepted treatment method for infected joint arthroplasties. It is helpful to separate the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement as a method of prophylaxis as compared with the treatment of an established infection. A low dose of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (< or = 1 g of antibiotic per batch of cement) should be used for prophylaxis, and high-dose antibiotic-loaded bone cement (> 1 g antibiotic per batch of cement) is indicated for treatment. The only commercially available antibiotic-loaded bone cement products are low dose, with the use of tobramycin or gentamicin as an antibiotic selection. High-dose antibiotic-loaded bone cement requires hand mixing by the surgeon to facilitate the use of high dosages and choices of multiple antibiotics. Treatment of infected hip and knee arthroplasties with high-dose antibiotic-loaded bone cement is aided by the use of spacers of various shapes and sizes. These spacers, whether they are static or articulating (mobile), are meant to provide local delivery of antibiotics, stabilization of soft tissues, facilitation of an easier reimplantation, and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlen D Hanssen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.
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