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Head M, Cohn B, Wernli KJ, Palazzo L, Ehrlich K, Matson A, Knerr S. Young Women's Perspectives on Being Screened for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk During Routine Primary Care. Womens Health Issues 2024; 34:268-275. [PMID: 38448251 PMCID: PMC11116046 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening women to identify individuals eligible for genetic counseling based on a priori hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) risk (i.e., risk assessment). However, risk assessment has not been widely integrated into primary care. This qualitative study explored young women's views on implementing routine HBOC risk assessment with a focus on equity and patient-centeredness. METHODS We conducted group discussions with young women (aged 21-40 years) receiving care in an integrated health care system. Discussion groups occurred in two phases and used a modified deliberative approach that included a didactic component and prioritized developing consensus. Twenty women participated in one of three initial small group discussions (phase one). All 20 were invited to participate in a subsequent large group discussion (phase two), and 15 of them attended. FINDINGS Key themes and recommendations were as follows. Risk assessment should be accessible, contextualized, and destigmatized to encourage participation and reduce anxiety, particularly for women who do not know their family history. Providers conducting risk assessments must be equipped to address women's informational needs, relieve emotionality, and plan next steps after positive screens. Finally, to minimize differential screening uptake, health care systems must prioritize equity in program design and contribute to external educational and outreach efforts. CONCLUSION Young women see pragmatic opportunities for health systems to optimize HBOC screening implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mady Head
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Betty Cohn
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen J Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lorella Palazzo
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kelly Ehrlich
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abigail Matson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah Knerr
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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2
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Tamayo LI, Perez F, Perez A, Hernandez M, Martinez A, Huang X, Zavala VA, Ziv E, Neuhausen SL, Carvajal-Carmona LG, Duron Y, Fejerman L. Cancer screening and breast cancer family history in Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latina women in California. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940162. [PMID: 36387260 PMCID: PMC9643826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the U.S. and the leading cause of cancer death among Hispanics/Latinas (H/L). H/L are less likely than Non-H/L White (NHW) women to be diagnosed in the early stages of this disease. Approximately 5-10% of breast cancer can be attributed to inherited genetic mutations in high penetrance genes such as BRCA1/2. Women with pathogenic variants in these genes have a 40-80% lifetime risk of breast cancer. Past studies have shown that genetic counseling can help women and their families make informed decisions about genetic testing and early cancer detection or risk-reduction strategies. However, H/L are 3.9-4.8 times less likely to undergo genetic testing than NHW women. We developed a program to outreach and educate the H/L community about hereditary breast cancer, targeting monolingual Spanish-speaking individuals in California. Through this program, we have assessed cancer screening behavior and identified women who might benefit from genetic counseling in a population that is usually excluded from cancer research and care. Materials and Methods The "Tu Historia Cuenta" program is a promotores-based virtual outreach and education program including the cities of San Francisco, Sacramento, and Los Angeles. Participants responded to three surveys: a demographic survey, a breast cancer family history survey, and a feedback survey. Survey responses were described for participants and compared by area where the program took place using chi-square, Fisher exact tests, and t tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for multivariate analyses. Results and Conclusion We enrolled 1042 women, 892 completed the cancer family history survey and 62 (7%) provided responses compatible with referral to genetic counseling. We identified 272 women (42.8% ages 40 to 74 years) who were due for mammograms, 250 women (24.7% ages 25 to 65 years) due for Papanicolaou test, and 189 women (71.6% ages 50+) due for colorectal cancer screening. These results highlight the need of additional support for programs that spread awareness about cancer risk and facilitate access to resources, specifically within the H/L community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth I. Tamayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fabian Perez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Angelica Perez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Xiaosong Huang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Valentina A. Zavala
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Luis G. Carvajal-Carmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ysabel Duron
- The Latino Cancer Institute, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Laura Fejerman,
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3
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Bellcross CA. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022; 49:117-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Lee R, Frick M, Joseph G, Guerra C, Stewart S, Kaplan C, Dixit N, Tsoh JY, Flores S, Pasick RJ. Research to reduce inequities in cancer risk services: Insights for remote genetic counseling in a pandemic and beyond. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:1292-1297. [PMID: 34687478 PMCID: PMC8657358 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miya Frick
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Galen Joseph
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claudia Guerra
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Stewart
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Celia Kaplan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Niharika Dixit
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janice Y Tsoh
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Selena Flores
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rena J Pasick
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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5
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Use of a Standardized Tool to Identify Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian. Nurs Womens Health 2021; 25:187-197. [PMID: 33933425 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To increase rates of identification and genetic counseling referral for women at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). DESIGN Evidence-based practice improvement initiative. SETTING/LOCAL PROBLEM Private suburban obstetric and gynecologic (OB/GYN) practice in Tennessee with no standardized process for HBOC risk assessment or referral to genetic services. PARTICIPANTS Provider-led women's health care teams delivering well-woman care for women ages 18 years and older. INTERVENTION/MEASUREMENTS We implemented the use of a standardized familial risk assessment tool and clinical decision-making algorithm. Preimplementation and postimplementation risk identification and genetic services referral rates were measured, as was clinicians' compliance with using the risk assessment tool. The aim of the initiative was to increase identification and referral rates by 25 percentage points. RESULTS Women at risk of HBOC in the postimplementation group were 25.9 times more likely to be identified as being at risk (OR = 25.88, 95% confidence interval [10.78, 62.14]) and 31.5 times more likely to be offered referral to genetic counseling (OR = 31.50, 95% CI [13.37, 74.22]) compared with those in the preimplementation group. Rates of risk identification and referral to genetic counseling for women at risk of HBOC improved by 58.2 and 69.3 percentage points, respectively, surpassing the aims of this initiative and showing statistical significance of p < .001 for both indices. CONCLUSION The use of a standardized risk assessment tool and process for HBOC risk identification and genetic referral resulted in a significant increase in the identification and referral of women at risk in this setting. Early identification of women with HBOC is a crucial first step in increasing the use of enhanced screening and interventions that can reduce HBOC-associated cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Ataseven B, Tripon D, Rhiem K, Harter P, Schneider S, Heitz F, Baert T, Traut A, Pauly N, Ehmann S, Plett H, Schmutzler RK, du Bois A. Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Patients with Primary Ovarian Cancer - Does the German Checklist for Detecting the Risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Adequately Depict the Need for Consultation? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020; 80:932-940. [PMID: 32905297 PMCID: PMC7467803 DOI: 10.1055/a-1222-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBRCA1/2
mutations are the leading cause of hereditary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer has defined inclusion criteria, which are retrievable as a checklist and facilitate genetic counselling/testing for affected persons with a mutation probability of ≥ 10%. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of the
BRCA1/2
mutation(s) based on the checklist score (CLS).
Methods
A retrospective data analysis was performed on EOC patients with a primary diagnosis treated between 1/2011 – 5/2019 at the Central Essen Clinics, where a
BRCA1/2
genetic analysis result and a CLS was available. Out of 545 cases with a
BRCA1/2
result (cohort A), 453 cases additionally had an extended gene panel result (cohort B).
Results
A
BRCA1/2
mutation was identified in 23.3% (127/545) in cohort A, pathogenic mutations in non-
BRCA1/2
genes were revealed in a further 6.2% in cohort B. In cohort A, 23.3% (127/545) of patients had a
BRCA1
(n = 92) or
BRCA2
(n = 35) mutation. Singular EOC (CLS 2) was present in 40.9%. The prevalence for a
BRCA1/2
mutation in cohort A was 10.8%, 17.2%, 25.0%, 35.1%, 51.4% and 66.7% for patients with CLS 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and ≥ 7 respectively. The mutation prevalence in cohort B was 15.9%, 16.4%, 28.2%, 40.4%, 44.8% and 62.5% for patients with CLS 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and ≥ 7 respectively.
Conclusions
The
BRCA1/2
mutation prevalence in EOC patients positively correlates with a rising checklist score. Already with singular EOC, the prevalence of a
BRCA1/2
mutation exceeds the required 10% threshold. Our data support the recommendation of the S3 guidelines Ovarian Cancer of offering genetic testing to all patients with EOC. Optimisation of the checklist with clear identification of the testing indication in this population should therefore be aimed for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Ataseven
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe der LMU München, München
| | - Denise Tripon
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Zentrum Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs, Universitätsklinik Köln, Köln
| | - Philipp Harter
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Florian Heitz
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen.,Klinik für Gynäkologie mit Zentrum für onkologische Chirurgie (CVK) und Klinik für Gynäkologie (CBF), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Thais Baert
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen.,Abteilung für Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgien
| | - Alexander Traut
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Nina Pauly
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Sarah Ehmann
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Helmut Plett
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen.,Klinik für Gynäkologie mit Zentrum für onkologische Chirurgie (CVK) und Klinik für Gynäkologie (CBF), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Zentrum Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs, Universitätsklinik Köln, Köln
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
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7
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Salinas JJ, Roy R, Dwivedi AK, Shokar NK. Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk Analysis in Uninsured Mexican-Origin Women Living in the U.S.–Mexico Border Region. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2019; 17:118-124. [DOI: 10.1177/1540415319837850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This article describes the risk of hereditary breast cancer (HBC) in low-income Hispanic women living on the U.S.–Mexico border using the Pedigree Assessment Tool (PAT). Method: The PAT was administered as part of the El Paso and Hudspeth County Breast Cancer Education, Screening and NavigaTion program (BEST). Baseline data ( n = 1,966) from this program was used to analyze risk factors for HBC. Analysis was conducted to determine significant covariates associated with the presence of any PAT risk factors. Results: The PAT identified 17% (95% CI [15%, 19%]) of the women in the study as having some risk of HBC. Having had a mammogram within 3 years was significantly associated with having any PAT risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, p = .006). Women who immigrated to the United States during childbearing age (OR = 0.610, p = .009) or during peri/menopause (OR = 0.637, p = .024) were significantly less likely to have any PAT risk factors. Discussion: The PAT instrument detected a substantial pool of women who may be at risk for HBC. A significant proportion of these women were not up to date mammogram. Conclusions: The PAT is an effective tool to identify women at risk for HBC and encourage regular screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renet Roy
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alok K. Dwivedi
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, Doubeni CA, Epling JW, Kubik M, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Pbert L, Silverstein M, Simon MA, Tseng CW, Wong JB. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2019; 322:652-665. [PMID: 31429903 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.10987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Potentially harmful mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility 1 and 2 genes (BRCA1/2) are associated with increased risk for breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer. For women in the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer after nonmelanoma skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. In the general population, BRCA1/2 mutations occur in an estimated 1 in 300 to 500 women and account for 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases and 15% of ovarian cancer cases. OBJECTIVE To update the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer. EVIDENCE REVIEW The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for potentially harmful BRCA1/2 mutations in asymptomatic women who have never been diagnosed with BRCA-related cancer, as well as those with a previous diagnosis of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer who have completed treatment and are considered cancer free. In addition, the USPSTF reviewed interventions to reduce the risk for breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer in women with potentially harmful BRCA1/2 mutations, including intensive cancer screening, medications, and risk-reducing surgery. FINDINGS For women whose family or personal history is associated with an increased risk for harmful mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes, or who have an ancestry associated with BRCA1/2 gene mutations, there is adequate evidence that the benefits of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are moderate. For women whose personal or family history or ancestry is not associated with an increased risk for harmful mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes, there is adequate evidence that the benefits of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are small to none. Regardless of family or personal history, the USPSTF found adequate evidence that the overall harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are small to moderate. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians assess women with a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or who have an ancestry associated with BRCA1/2 gene mutations with an appropriate brief familial risk assessment tool. Women with a positive result on the risk assessment tool should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, genetic testing. (B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends against routine risk assessment, genetic counseling, or genetic testing for women whose personal or family history or ancestry is not associated with potentially harmful BRCA1/2 gene mutations. (D recommendation).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas K Owens
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Karina W Davidson
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Alex H Krist
- Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lori Pbert
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | | | | | - Chien-Wen Tseng
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - John B Wong
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Nelson HD, Pappas M, Cantor A, Haney E, Holmes R. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2019; 322:666-685. [PMID: 31429902 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pathogenic mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase risks for breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer in women; interventions reduce risk in mutation carriers. OBJECTIVE To update the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force review on benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA1/2-related cancer in women. DATA SOURCES Cochrane libraries; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE (January 1, 2013, to March 6, 2019, for updates; January 1, 1994, to March 6, 2019, for new key questions and populations); reference lists. STUDY SELECTION Discriminatory accuracy studies, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and observational studies of women without recently diagnosed BRCA1/2-related cancer. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data on study methods, setting, population characteristics, eligibility criteria, interventions, numbers enrolled and lost to follow-up, outcome ascertainment, and results were abstracted. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cancer incidence and mortality; discriminatory accuracy of risk assessment tools for BRCA1/2 mutations; benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and risk-reducing interventions. RESULTS For this review, 103 studies (110 articles; N = 92 712) were included. No studies evaluated the effectiveness of risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing in reducing incidence and mortality of BRCA1/2-related cancer. Fourteen studies (n = 43 813) of 8 risk assessment tools to guide referrals to genetic counseling demonstrated moderate to high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68-0.96). Twenty-eight studies (n = 8060) indicated that genetic counseling was associated with reduced breast cancer worry, anxiety, and depression; increased understanding of risk; and decreased intention for testing. Twenty studies (n = 4322) showed that breast cancer worry and anxiety were higher after testing for women with positive results and lower for others; understanding of risk was higher after testing. In 8 RCTs (n = 54 651), tamoxifen (relative risk [RR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.59-0.84]; 4 trials), raloxifene (RR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.24-0.80]; 2 trials), and aromatase inhibitors (RR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.26-0.70]; 2 trials) were associated with lower risks of invasive breast cancer compared with placebo; results were not specific to mutation carriers. Mastectomy was associated with 90% to 100% reduction in breast cancer incidence (6 studies; n = 2546) and 81% to 100% reduction in breast cancer mortality (1 study; n = 639); oophorectomy was associated with 69% to 100% reduction in ovarian cancer (2 studies; n = 2108); complications were common with mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among women without recently diagnosed BRCA1/2-related cancer, the benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing to reduce cancer incidence and mortality have not been directly evaluated by current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi D Nelson
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Miranda Pappas
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Amy Cantor
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Elizabeth Haney
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Rebecca Holmes
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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10
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E Anderson E, Tejada S, B Warnecke R, Hoskins K. Views of Low-Income Women of Color at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer. Narrat Inq Bioeth 2018; 8:53-66. [PMID: 29657180 DOI: 10.1353/nib.2018.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individual risk assessment (IRA) for breast cancer may increase adherence to risk-appropriate screening and prevention measures. However, knowledge gaps exist regarding how best to communicate IRA results and support women at increased risk in future health care decisions, in part because patients conceptualize and make meaning of risk differently from the medical community. Better understanding the views of low-income women of color identified as being at increased risk for breast cancer can inform efforts to conduct IRA in an ethical and respectful manner. We conducted in-depth interviews with 13 low-income African American and Latina women who receive care at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) and had recently learned of their increased risk for breast cancer. These interviews explored their experience of the IRA process, their interpretation of what being at increased risk means, and their reactions to provider recommendations. Eight key themes were identified. We conclude with recommendations for the implementation of IRA for breast cancer in underserved primary care settings.
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11
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Hoskins KF, Tejeda S, Vijayasiri G, Chukwudozie IB, Remo MH, Shah HA, Abraham IE, Balay LE, Maga TK, Searles ER, Korah VJ, Biggers A, Stolley MR, Warnecke RB. A feasibility study of breast cancer genetic risk assessment in a federally qualified health center. Cancer 2018; 124:3733-3741. [PMID: 30320429 PMCID: PMC6214782 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) endorses routine screening for genetic risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer as a component of primary health care. Implementation of this recommendation may prove challenging, especially in clinics serving disadvantaged communities. METHODS The authors tested the feasibility of implementing the USPSTF mandate at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) to identify women who were eligible for genetic counseling (GC). A 12-month usual-care phase was followed by a 12-month intervention phase, during which time cancer genetic risk assessment (CGRA) was systematically performed for all women aged 25 to 69 years who presented for an annual examination. Women who were eligible for GC were recruited to participate in the study. RESULTS After initiating CGRA, 112 women who were eligible for GC consented to study participation, and 56% of them received a referral for GC from their primary care physician. A subgroup of 50 participants were seen by the same primary care physician during both the usual-care and intervention phases. None of these patients was referred for GC during usual care, compared with 64% after the initiation of CGRA (P < .001). Only 16% of referred participants attended a GC session. CONCLUSIONS Implementing USPSTF recommendations for CGRA as a standard component of primary health care in FQHCs is feasible and improves referral of minority women for GC, but more work is needed to understand the beliefs and barriers that prevent many underserved women from accessing cancer genetic services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent F Hoskins
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Silvia Tejeda
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ganga Vijayasiri
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ifeanyi Beverly Chukwudozie
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mylene H Remo
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hiral A Shah
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ivy E Abraham
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lara E Balay
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tara K Maga
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Alana Biggers
- Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melinda R Stolley
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Richard B Warnecke
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Pasick RJ, Joseph G, Stewart S, Kaplan C, Lee R, Luce J, Davis S, Marquez T, Nguyen T, Guerra C. Effective Referral of Low-Income Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer to Genetic Counseling: A Randomized Delayed Intervention Control Trial. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:1842-8. [PMID: 27552275 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of a statewide telephone service in identifying low-income women at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and referring them to free genetic counseling. METHODS From June 2010 through August 2011, eligible callers to California's toll-free breast and cervical cancer telephone service were screened for their family histories of breast and ovarian cancer. High-risk women were identified and called for a baseline survey and randomization to an immediate offer of genetic counseling or a mailed brochure on how to obtain counseling. Clinic records were used to assess receipt of genetic counseling after 2 months. RESULTS Among 1212 eligible callers, 709 (58.5%) agreed to answer family history questions; 102 (14%) were at high risk (25% Hispanic, 46% White, 10% Black, 16% Asian, 3% of other racial/ethnic backgrounds). Of the high-risk women offered an immediate appointment, 39% received counseling during the intervention period, as compared with 4.5% of those receiving the brochure. CONCLUSIONS A public health approach to the rare but serious risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer can be successful when integrated into the efforts of existing safety net organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena J Pasick
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Galen Joseph
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Susan Stewart
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Celia Kaplan
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Robin Lee
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Judith Luce
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Sharon Davis
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Titas Marquez
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Claudia Guerra
- Rena J. Pasick, Celia Kaplan, Tung Nguyen, and Claudia Guerra are with the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Galen Joseph is with the Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Susan Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis. Robin Lee is with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco. Judith Luce is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. Sharon Davis and Titas Marquez are with the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
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Anderson EE, Tejeda S, Childers K, Stolley MR, Warnecke RB, Hoskins KF. Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Among Low-Income Women of Color in Primary Care: A Pilot Study. J Oncol Pract 2015; 11:e460-7. [PMID: 26036266 PMCID: PMC4507393 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2014.003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends identifying candidates for breast cancer (BC) chemoprevention and referring them for genetic counseling as part of routine care. Little is known about the feasibility of implementing these recommendations or how low-income women of color might respond to individualized risk assessment (IRA) performed by primary care providers (PCPs). METHODS Women recruited from a federally qualified health center were given the option to discuss BC risk status with their PCP. Comprehensive IRA was performed using a software tool designed for the primary care environment combining three assessment instruments and providing risk-adapted recommendations for screening, prevention, and genetic referral. Logistic regression models assessed factors associated with wanting to learn and discuss BC risk with PCP. RESULTS Of 237 participants, only 12.7% (n = 30) did not want to discuss IRA results with their PCP. Factors associated with lower odds of wanting to learn results included having private insurance and reporting ever having had a mammogram. Factors associated with higher odds of wanting to learn results included older age (50 to 69 years) and increased BC worry. For all women wishing to learn results, IRA was successfully completed and delivered to the PCP immediately before the encounter for incorporation into the well-visit evaluation. CONCLUSION Incorporation of US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations as part of routine primary care is feasible. Interest in IRA seems high among underserved women. This approach warrants further investigation as a strategy for addressing disparities in BC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Anderson
- Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and Disney Family Center at Providence St Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, CA
| | - Silvia Tejeda
- Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and Disney Family Center at Providence St Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, CA
| | - Kimberly Childers
- Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and Disney Family Center at Providence St Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, CA
| | - Melinda R Stolley
- Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and Disney Family Center at Providence St Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, CA
| | - Richard B Warnecke
- Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and Disney Family Center at Providence St Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, CA
| | - Kent F Hoskins
- Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and Disney Family Center at Providence St Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, CA
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Gierach GL, Li H, Loud JT, Greene MH, Chow CK, Lan L, Prindiville SA, Eng-Wong J, Soballe PW, Giambartolomei C, Mai PL, Galbo CE, Nichols K, Calzone KA, Olopade OI, Gail MH, Giger ML. Relationships between computer-extracted mammographic texture pattern features and BRCA1/2 mutation status: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res 2014. [PMID: 25159706 DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-1744229618121391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mammographic density is similar among women at risk of either sporadic or BRCA1/2-related breast cancer. It has been suggested that digitized mammographic images contain computer-extractable information within the parenchymal pattern, which may contribute to distinguishing between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers. METHODS We compared mammographic texture pattern features in digitized mammograms from women with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 137) versus non-carriers (n = 100). Subjects were stratified into training (107 carriers, 70 non-carriers) and testing (30 carriers, 30 non-carriers) datasets. Masked to mutation status, texture features were extracted from a retro-areolar region-of-interest in each subject's digitized mammogram. Stepwise linear regression analysis of the training dataset identified variables to be included in a radiographic texture analysis (RTA) classifier model aimed at distinguishing BRCA1/2 carriers from non-carriers. The selected features were combined using a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network (BANN) algorithm, which produced a probability score rating the likelihood of each subject's belonging to the mutation-positive group. These probability scores were evaluated in the independent testing dataset to determine whether their distribution differed between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the model's discriminatory capacity. RESULTS In the testing dataset, a one standard deviation (SD) increase in the probability score from the BANN-trained classifier was associated with a two-fold increase in the odds of predicting BRCA1/2 mutation status: unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 2.51, P = 0.02; age-adjusted OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.42, P = 0.03. Additional adjustment for percent mammographic density did little to change the OR. The area under the curve for the BANN-trained classifier to distinguish between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers was 0.68 for features alone and 0.72 for the features plus percent mammographic density. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, unlike percent mammographic density, computer-extracted mammographic texture pattern features are associated with carrying BRCA1/2 mutations. Although still at an early stage, our novel RTA classifier has potential for improving mammographic image interpretation by permitting real-time risk stratification among women undergoing screening mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L Gierach
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm, 7-E108, Bethesda 20892-9774, MD, USA.
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15
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Gierach GL, Li H, Loud JT, Greene MH, Chow CK, Lan L, Prindiville SA, Eng-Wong J, Soballe PW, Giambartolomei C, Mai PL, Galbo CE, Nichols K, Calzone KA, Olopade OI, Gail MH, Giger ML. Relationships between computer-extracted mammographic texture pattern features and BRCA1/2 mutation status: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:424. [PMID: 25159706 PMCID: PMC4268674 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mammographic density is similar among women at risk of either sporadic or BRCA1/2-related breast cancer. It has been suggested that digitized mammographic images contain computer-extractable information within the parenchymal pattern, which may contribute to distinguishing between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers. Methods We compared mammographic texture pattern features in digitized mammograms from women with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 137) versus non-carriers (n = 100). Subjects were stratified into training (107 carriers, 70 non-carriers) and testing (30 carriers, 30 non-carriers) datasets. Masked to mutation status, texture features were extracted from a retro-areolar region-of-interest in each subject’s digitized mammogram. Stepwise linear regression analysis of the training dataset identified variables to be included in a radiographic texture analysis (RTA) classifier model aimed at distinguishing BRCA1/2 carriers from non-carriers. The selected features were combined using a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network (BANN) algorithm, which produced a probability score rating the likelihood of each subject’s belonging to the mutation-positive group. These probability scores were evaluated in the independent testing dataset to determine whether their distribution differed between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the model’s discriminatory capacity. Results In the testing dataset, a one standard deviation (SD) increase in the probability score from the BANN-trained classifier was associated with a two-fold increase in the odds of predicting BRCA1/2 mutation status: unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 2.51, P = 0.02; age-adjusted OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.42, P = 0.03. Additional adjustment for percent mammographic density did little to change the OR. The area under the curve for the BANN-trained classifier to distinguish between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers was 0.68 for features alone and 0.72 for the features plus percent mammographic density. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, unlike percent mammographic density, computer-extracted mammographic texture pattern features are associated with carrying BRCA1/2 mutations. Although still at an early stage, our novel RTA classifier has potential for improving mammographic image interpretation by permitting real-time risk stratification among women undergoing screening mammography. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0424-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L Gierach
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm, 7-E108, Bethesda 20892-9774, MD, USA.
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Brannon Traxler L, Martin ML, Kerber AS, Bellcross CA, Crane BE, Green V, Matthews R, Paris NM, Gabram SGA. Implementing a screening tool for identifying patients at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: a statewide initiative. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:3342-7. [PMID: 25047474 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Georgia Breast Cancer Genomic Health Consortium is a partnership created with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to the Georgia Department of Public Health to reduce cancer disparities among high-risk minority women. The project addresses young women at increased risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome through outreach efforts. METHODS The consortium provides education and collects surveillance data using the breast cancer genetics referral screening tool (B-RST) available at www.BreastCancerGeneScreen.org . The HBOC educational protocol was presented to 73 staff in 6 public health centers. Staff used the tool during the collection of medical history. Further family history assessments and testing for mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes were facilitated if appropriate. RESULTS Data was collected from November 2012 through December 2013, including 2,159 screened women. The majority of patients identified as black/African American and were 18-49 years old. Also, 6.0 % (n = 130) had positive screens, and 60.9 % (n = 67) of the 110 patients who agreed to be contacted provided a detailed family history. A total of 47 patients (42.7 %) met National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines when family history was clarified. Fourteen (12.7 %) underwent genetic testing; 1 patient was positive for a BRCA2 mutation, and 1 patient was found to carry a variant of uncertain significance. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of genomics practice within public health departments has provided access to comprehensive cancer care for uninsured individuals. The successful implementation of the B-RST into public health centers demonstrates the opportunity for integration of HBOC screening into primary care practices.
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Abstract
Today breast cancer remains a major public health problem, although reducing its risk is now an achievable medical objective. Risk-assessment models may be used in estimating a woman's risk for developing breast cancer and to direct suitable candidates for preventive therapy. Researchers are attempting to enhance individualized risk assessment through incorporation of phenotypic biomarkers. Individual selective estrogen receptor modulators have been approved for breast cancer risk reduction, and other drug categories are being studied. It is critical that obstetrician-gynecologists be familiar with the evolving science of the risk assessment of breast cancer as well as interventional and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Green
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Breast Clinic, Avon Comprehensive Breast Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University at Grady Memorial Hospital, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Meaney-Delman D, Bellcross CA. Hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome: a primer for obstetricians/gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013; 40:475-512. [PMID: 24021253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the diagnosis and clinical management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is essential for obstetricians/gynecologists. This article provides practical information regarding collecting a family history, cancer risk assessment and genetic testing, BRCA-associated cancer prognosis and treatment, screening recommendations, and prevention strategies. Through appropriate cancer risk assessment, women with BRCA1/2 mutations can be identified, and screening and prevention strategies can be used before a diagnosis of cancer occurs. Women's health providers with a strong working knowledge of HBOC are able to improve the quality of care for women and families impacted by BRCA1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Meaney-Delman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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