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Yang Z, Jia Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Fan W, Wang X, He L, Shen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yang H. Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 5 Regulates H3K4 Methylation Modification to Inhibit the Proliferation of Melanoma Cells by Inactivating the Wnt/ β-Catenin and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:5093941. [PMID: 36866240 PMCID: PMC9974310 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5093941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me), especially histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), is one of the most extensively studied patterns of histone modification and plays crucial roles in many biological processes. However, as a part of H3K4 methyltransferase that participates in H3K4 methylation and transcriptional regulation, retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 (RBBP5) has not been well studied in melanoma. The present study sought to explore RBBP5-mediated H3K4 histone modification and the potential mechanisms in melanoma. RBBP5 expression in melanoma and nevi specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was performed for three pairs of melanoma cancer tissues and nevi tissues. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the function of RBBP5. The molecular mechanism was determined using RT-qPCR, western blotting, ChIP assays, and Co-IP assays. Our study showed that RBBP5 was significantly downregulated in melanoma tissue and cells compared with nevi tissues and normal epithelia cells (P < 0.05). Reducing RBBP5 in human melanoma cells leads to H3K4me3 downregulation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. On the one hand, we verified that WSB2 was an upstream gene of RBBP5-mediated H3K4 modification, which could directly bind to RBBP5 and negatively regulate its expression. On the other hand, we also confirmed that p16 (a cancer suppressor gene) was a downstream target of H3K4me3, the promoter of which can directly bind to H3K4me3. Mechanistically, our data revealed that RBBP5 inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways (P < 0.05), leading to melanoma suppression. Histone methylation is rising as an important factor affecting tumorigenicity and tumor progression. Our findings verified the significance of RBBP5-mediated H3K4 modification in melanoma and the potential regulatory mechanisms of melanoma proliferation and growth, suggesting that RBBP5 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
- 2Departments of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yue Jia
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shaojia Wang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Wen Fan
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
- 3Departments of Reproduction, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Liang He
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiangqun Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
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Flores AR, Rêma A, Mesquita JR, Taulescu M, Seixas F, Gärtner F, Amorim I. Vimentin and Ki-67 immunolabeling in canine gastric carcinomas and their prognostic value. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:903-914. [PMID: 35972070 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221117858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the expression of vimentin and Ki-67 proliferative index (PI) by immunohistochemistry in 30 canine gastric carcinomas (GCs) and a possible association with clinical and pathological features and patient's survival time. Vimentin immunoreactivity was assessed in neoplastic cells (in primary lesions, emboli, and metastases) and tumor-associated stroma (TAS) of canine GCs. Ki-67 PI was quantified in the neoplastic epithelial component. Vimentin immunolabeling in neoplastic cells was found in 30% of the primary lesions, in 82% of the neoplastic emboli, and in 50% of the metastases; in TAS, it was observed in all cases. A mean of 16% of the TAS was immunolabeled for vimentin. High vimentin immunolabeling in the TAS (>16%) was detected in 40% of cases. The average value of Ki-67 PI was 50%, and 80% of the lesions had Ki-67 PI above 20%. Vimentin immunolabeling in neoplastic cells was more frequent in less-differentiated carcinomas (diffuse [29%] and indeterminate types [75%]) than well-differentiated carcinomas (intestinal type [0%], P = .049). No significant differences were observed in vimentin immunolabeling in the TAS or Ki-67 PI according to histological diagnosis, depth of invasion, presence of neoplastic emboli or metastases. However, vimentin immunolabeling in the TAS was positively correlated with Ki-67 PI (r = .394, P = .031). Furthermore, a moderate negative correlation was observed between Ki-67 PI and survival time (r = -0.540). Our results suggest that vimentin and Ki-67 PI have potential for providing prognostic information in cases of canine GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Flores
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João R Mesquita
- Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marian Taulescu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Synevovet Laboratory, Chiajna, Romania
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wang J, Ma Y, Guo M, Yang H, Guan X. Salvianolic acid B suppresses EMT and apoptosis to lessen drug resistance through AKT/mTOR in gastric cancer cells. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:49-61. [PMID: 33505113 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug resistance of tumor cells greatly reduces the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in gastric cancer. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) is considered as a chemopreventive agent which suppresses oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, the study aims to clarify the mechanism of Sal-B in drug-resistant gastric cancer cells. CCK8 assay analyzed cell viabilities after GES1, AGS and AGS/DDP cells were respectively treated by Sal-B of different concentration or after AGS/DDP cells were disposed by cisplatin (DDP) in different concentration. The colony formation, ROS generation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and EMT marker proteins were respectively analyzed through formation assay, ROS kits, TUNNEL staining, Wound healing, Transwell assays and Western blot. The results demonstrated that Sal-B acted alone or in synergy with DDP to reduce cell viabilities, initiate ROS generation, promote cell apoptosis, as well as decrease migration, invasion and EMT in AGS and AGS/DDP cells. AKT activator and mTOR activator significantly reversed the above effects of Sal-B. Collectively, Sal-B regulated proliferation, EMT and apoptosis to reduce the resistance to DDP via AKT/mTOR pathway in DDP-resistant gastric cancer cells. Sal-B could be a potential anti-drug resistance agent to chemotherapy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132000 China
| | - Yingze Ma
- Gastroenterology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132000 China
| | - Min Guo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Haixia Yang No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaohui Guan
- Gastroenterology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132000 China
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Bioinformatics Analysis of Potential Key Genes in Trastuzumab-Resistant Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1372571. [PMID: 31949544 PMCID: PMC6948351 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1372571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was performed to identify genes related to acquired trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer (GC) and to analyze their prognostic value. Methods The gene expression profile GSE77346 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by using GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment was analyzed by using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), Cytoscape, and MCODE were then used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identify hub genes. Finally, the relationship between hub genes and overall survival (OS) was analyzed by using the online Kaplan-Meier plotter tool. Results A total of 327 DEGs were screened and were mainly enriched in terms related to pathways in cancer, signaling pathways regulating stem cell pluripotency, HTLV-I infection, and ECM-receptor interactions. A PPI network was constructed, and 18 hub genes (including one upregulated gene and seventeen downregulated genes) were identified based on the degrees and MCODE scores of the PPI network. Finally, the expression of four hub genes (ERBB2, VIM, EGR1, and PSMB8) was found to be related to the prognosis of HER2-positive (HER2+) gastric cancer. However, the prognostic value of the other hub genes was controversial; interestingly, most of these genes were interferon- (IFN-) stimulated genes (ISGs). Conclusions Overall, we propose that the four hub genes may be potential targets in trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer and that ISGs may play a key role in promoting trastuzumab resistance in GC.
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Hevia MJ, Castro P, Pinto K, Reyna-Jeldes M, Rodríguez-Tirado F, Robles-Planells C, Ramírez-Rivera S, Madariaga JA, Gutierrez F, López J, Barra M, De la Fuente-Ortega E, Bernal G, Coddou C. Differential Effects of Purinergic Signaling in Gastric Cancer-Derived Cells Through P2Y and P2X Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:612. [PMID: 31249523 PMCID: PMC6584115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the one of the most prevalent cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer-induced deaths. Previously, we found that the expression of purinergic P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) is increased in GC samples as compared to adjacent healthy mucosa taken from GC-diagnosed patients. In this work, we studied in detail purinergic signaling in the gastric adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines: AGS, MKN-45, and MKN-74, and compared them to a nontumoral epithelial cell line: GES-1. In GC-derived cells, we detected the expression of several purinergic receptors, and found important differences as compared to GES-1 cells. Functional studies revealed a strong contribution of P2Y2Rs in intracellular calcium increases, elicited by adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), uridine-triphosphate (UTP), and the P2Y2R agonist MRS2768. Responses were preserved in the absence of extracellular calcium and inhibited by P2Y2R antagonists. In GES-1 cells, ATP and UTP induced similar responses and the combination of P2X and P2Y receptor antagonists was able to block them. Proliferation studies showed that ATP regulates AGS and MKN-74 cells in a biphasic manner, increasing cell proliferation at 10–100 μM, but inhibiting at 300 μM ATP. On the other hand, 1–300 μM UTP, a P2Y2R agonist, increased concentration-dependent cell proliferation. The effects of UTP and ATP were prevented by both wide-range and specific purinergic antagonists. In contrast, in GES-1 cells ATP only decreased cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, and UTP had no effect. Notably, the isolated application of purinergic antagonists was sufficient to change the basal proliferation of AGS cells, indicating that nucleotides released by the cells can act as paracrine/autocrine signals. Finally, in tumor-derived biopsies, we found an increase of P2Y2R and a decrease in P2X4R expression; however, we found high variability between seven different biopsies and their respective adjacent healthy gastric mucosa. Even so, we found a correlation between the expression levels of P2Y2R and P2X4R and survival rates of GC patients. Taken together, these results demonstrate the involvement of different purinergic receptors and signaling in GC, and the pattern of expression changes in tumoral cells, and this change likely directs ATP and nucleotide signaling from antiproliferative effects in healthy tissues to proliferative effects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Hevia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Patricio Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katherine Pinto
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | | | - Sebastián Ramírez-Rivera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Juan Andrés Madariaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Hospital San Pablo, Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | - Javier López
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Hospital San Pablo, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Marcelo Barra
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Hospital San Pablo, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Erwin De la Fuente-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Giuliano Bernal
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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Bhardwaj M, Sen S, Chosdol K, Bakhshi S, Pushker N, Sharma A, Kashyap S, Bajaj MS, Singh VK. Vimentin overexpression as a novel poor prognostic biomarker in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 104:879-884. [PMID: 30940620 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vimentin is an intermediate-sized filament which is highly expressed in mesenchymal cells and is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT markers ZEB2 and Slug lead to Vimentin overexpression and E-cadherin loss, resulting in invasion and metastasis. However, the status of Vimentin remains unexplored in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC). The study aims to determine status of Vimentin in SGC and its association with EMT markers E-cadherin, ZEB2 and Slug. METHODS Vimentin protein expression was undertaken in 66 cases with SGC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was determined in 42 fresh tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. Association of Vimentin with E-cadherin, ZEB2 and Slug was also analysed. Patients were followed up for 17-69 months (mean 34.02 ± 14.73 months). RESULTS IHC revealed Vimentin overexpression in 37/66 (56%) cases. This overexpression showed significant association with lymph node metastasis (p=0.004) and pagetoid spread (p=0.05). Patients with high Vimentin expression also had poor disease-free survival (p=0.033). Univariate Cox regression model indicated that high Vimentin expression (p=0.043) and advanced tumour stage (p=0.002) were independent adverse prognostic factors. High Vimentin mRNA expression was seen in 16/42 (38%) cases and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis (p=0.027), advanced tumour stage (p=0.002) and large tumour size (p=0.023). Vimentin expression overall showed a significant inverse association with E-cadherin and direct association with ZEB2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Vimentin overexpression in SGC is associated with EMT and leads to poor clinical outcome. It also emerged as a novel predictor for lymph node metastasis and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Bhardwaj
- Department of Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mandeep S Bajaj
- Department of Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Nishibeppu K, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Imamura T, Kosuga T, Okamoto K, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, Otsuji E. Venous invasion as a risk factor for recurrence after gastrectomy followed by chemotherapy for stage III gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:108. [PMID: 29382310 PMCID: PMC5791734 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 after curative gastrectomy has been performed as a standard treatment for Stage II and III gastric cancer (GC) in Japan, patients with Stage III GC still have a high incidence of recurrence and a poor prognostic outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for recurrence in patients with Stage III GC despite of curative gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting an indicator for more intensive management. Methods A total of 97 patients with pathological Stage III GC underwent adjuvant chemotherapy after curative gastrectomy between 2001 and 2014, were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively analyzed their hospital records from our hospital. Results The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of patients with pStage III GC were 42.0%. Univariate and multivariate analyses for RFS revealed that venous invasion (v+) was an independent factor predicting a shorter RFS (v + vs. v-, 36.5% vs. 47.4%, P = 0.034, HR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.01–3.37). Venous invasion also predicted a shorter overall survival (OS) (v + vs. v-, 33.7% vs. 50.4%, P = 0.027). Regarding the patterns of recurrence, hematogenous recurrence was significantly occurred in patients with v + GC than those without (P = 0.022). Conclusions Stage III GC with venous invasion is a high-risk subgroup for hematogenous recurrence after curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. More intensive and effective adjuvant chemo and/or molecular targeted therapy for Stage III GC patients with venous invasion should be considered to improve their outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4052-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Nishibeppu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taisuke Imamura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Asparaginyl endopeptidase promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer through modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and analysis of their phosphorylation signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34356-70. [PMID: 27102302 PMCID: PMC5085161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) is a lysosomal protease often overexpressed in gastric cancer. AEP was expressed higher in peritoneal metastatic loci than in primary gastric cancer. Then we overexpressed AEP or knocked it down with a lentiviral vector in gastric cancer cell lines and detected the cell cycle arrest and the changes of the invasive and metastatic ability in vitro and in vivo. When AEP was knocked-down, the proliferative, invasive and metastatic capacity of gastric cancer cells were inhibited, and the population of sub-G1 cells increased. AEP knockdown led to significant decrease of expression of transcription factor Twist and the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, ß-catenin and Vimentin and to increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. These results showed that AEP could promote invasion and metastasis by modulating EMT. We used phosphorylation-specific antibody microarrays to investigate the mechanism how AEP promotes gastric cancer invasion and metastasis, and found that the phosphorylation level of AKT and MAPK signaling pathways was decreased significantly if AEP was knocked-down. Therefore, AKT and MAPK signaling pathways took part in the modulation.
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9
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Metformin inhibits gastric cancer cells metastatic traits through suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a glucose-independent manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174486. [PMID: 28334027 PMCID: PMC5363973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is mainly recognized by upregulation of mesenchymal markers and movement of cells, is a critical stage occurred during embryo development and spreading cancerous cells. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug used in treatment of type 2 diabetes. EMT inhibitory effect of metformin has been studied in several cancers; however, it remains unknown in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metformin effects on inhibition of EMT-related genes as well as migration and invasion of AGS gastric cancer cell line. Moreover, to study the effect of glucose on metformin-mediated EMT inhibition, all experiments were performed in two glucose levels, similar to non-fasting blood sugar (7.8 mM) and hyperglycemic (17.5 mM) conditions. The results showed reduction of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and β-catenin, and induction of epithelial marker, E-cadherin, by metformin in both glucose concentrations. Furthermore, wound-healing and invasion assays showed a significant decrease in cell migration and invasion after metformin treatment in both glucose levels. In conclusion, our results indicated that metformin strongly inhibited EMT of gastric cancer cells in conditions mimicking normo and hyperglycemic blood sugar.
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Zhang D, Yang X, Yang Z, Fei F, Li S, Qu J, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang S. Daughter Cells and Erythroid Cells Budding from PGCCs and Their Clinicopathological Significances in Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:469-478. [PMID: 28261349 PMCID: PMC5332899 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We previously reported that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) exhibit cancer stem cell properties. Daughter cells generated by PGCCs possess epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype changes and EMT plays an important role in cancer development and progression. This study investigated the characteristics of PGCCs from LoVo and HCT116 induced by CoCl2 and the clinicopathological significances of PGCCs in colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining were used to compare the expression levels of EMT-related proteins between PGCCs with budding daughter cells and the control cells. In addition, tissue samples were collected from 159 patients with CRC for analysis of PGCCs, vasculogenic mimicry (VM), and single stromal PGCCs with budding, as well as immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin B, vimentin, and hemoglobin A. Results: Single PGCCs induced by CoCl2 formed spheroids in vitro. Poorly differentiated CRCs showed the highest numbers of PGCCs and VM, and expression of cathepsin B. There was greater expression of EMT-related proteins in PGCCs with budding daughter cells than in control cells. The expression of vimentin located in PGCC nuclei. Single stomal PGCCs with budding were detected in 27.45% of well differentiated, 50% of moderately differentiated, and 90.20% of poorly differentiated CRC samples. PGCCs can generate erythroid cells that express delta-hemoglobin to form VM. Erythroid cells generated by PGCCs were positive for hemoglobin A immunocytochemical staining. Conclusion: PGCCs from LoVo and HCT116 treated by CoCl2 exhibited cancer stem cell properties. The number of PGCCs and VM were associated with CRC differentiation and daughter cells budded from PGCCs may promote the lymph node metastasis via expression of EMT-related proteins. PGCCs and their newly generated erythroid cells form VM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Zhengduo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R.China
| | - Jie Qu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R.China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R.China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R.China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
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11
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Terashita K, Chuma M, Hatanaka Y, Hatanaka K, Mitsuhashi T, Yokoo H, Ohmura T, Ishizu H, Muraoka S, Nagasaka A, Tsuji T, Yamamoto Y, Kurauchi N, Shimoyama N, Toyoda H, Kumada T, Kaneoka Y, Maeda A, Ogawa K, Natsuizaka M, Kamachi H, Kakisaka T, Kamiyama T, Taketomi A, Matsuno Y, Sakamoto N. ZEB1 expression is associated with prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:593-9. [PMID: 26670746 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background/AimIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumours, so the identification of molecular targets for ICC is an important issue. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a key inducer of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of the present study was to clarify the clinical significance of ZEB1 in ICC and the associations between ZEB1 expression and EMT-related proteins.MethodsWe immunohistochemically examined the expression of EMT-related proteins, namely ZEB1, vimentin and E-cadherin, in ICC specimens from 102 patients. The clinicopathological and prognostic values of these markers were evaluated.ResultsZEB1 and vimentin were expressed in 46.1% and 43.1% of tumours, respectively, and E-cadherin expression was lost in 44.1% of tumours. ZEB1 expression showed a significant inverse correlation with E-cadherin expression (p=0.004) and a positive correlation with vimentin expression (p=0.022). Altered expression of ZEB1 was associated with aggressive tumour characteristics, including advanced tumour stage (p=0.037), undifferentiated-type histology (p=0.017), lymph node metastasis (p=0.024) and portal vein invasion (p=0.037). Moreover, overall survival rates were significantly lower for patients with high ZEB1 expression than for patients with low ZEB1 expression (p=0.027). Kaplan–Meier analysis also identified E-cadherin expression (p=0.041) and vimentin expression (p=0.049) as prognostic indicators for overall survival.ConclusionsZEB1 expression is associated with tumour progression and poor prognosis in patients with ICC through positive correlations with vimentin and negative correlations with E-cadherin. ZEB1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis and might be an attractive target for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Terashita
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takumi Ohmura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishizu
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunji Muraoka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Municipal Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Municipal Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kurauchi
- Department of Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | | | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Kaneoka
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamachi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kakisaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kamiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Conceição ALG, Babeto E, Candido NM, Franco FC, de Campos Zuccari DAP, Bonilha JL, Cordeiro JA, Calmon MF, Rahal P. Differential Expression of ADAM23, CDKN2A (P16), MMP14 and VIM Associated with Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. J Cancer 2015; 6:593-603. [PMID: 26078788 PMCID: PMC4466407 DOI: 10.7150/jca.11238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though benign, giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) can become aggressive and can exhibit a high mitotic rate, necrosis and rarely vascular invasion and metastasis. GCTB has unique histologic characteristics, a high rate of multinucleated cells, a variable and unpredictable growth potential and uncertain biological behavior. In this study, we sought to identify genes differentially expressed in GCTB, thus building a molecular profile of this tumor. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry and analyses of methylation to identify genes that are putatively associated with GCTB. The expression of the ADAM23 and CDKN2A genes was decreased in GCTB samples compared to normal bone tissue, measured by qPCR. Additionally, a high hypermethylation frequency of the promoter regions of ADAM23 and CDKN2A in GCTB was observed. The expression of the MAP2K3, MMP14, TIMP2 and VIM genes was significantly higher in GCTB than in normal bone tissue, a fact that was confirmed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The set of genes identified here furthers our understanding of the molecular basis of GCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Babeto
- 1. Laboratory of Genomics Studies, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Antônio Cordeiro
- 4. Department of Epidemiology and Collective Health, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- 1. Laboratory of Genomics Studies, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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The aberrant overexpression of vimentin is linked to a more aggressive status in tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2015; 10:7-11. [PMID: 25960808 PMCID: PMC4411408 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2014.47502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein normally expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, e.g. myofibroblasts, chondrocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. The expression of vimentin, which has been thought of as the main mesenchymal marker, is also detected in tumour tissue. In tumours of the gastrointestinal tract vimentin expression is usually correlated with advanced stage of tumour, lymph node metastasis, and patient survival.
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14
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Aquea G, Bresky G, Lancellotti D, Madariaga JA, Zaffiri V, Urzua U, Haberle S, Bernal G. Increased expression of P2RY2, CD248 and EphB1 in gastric cancers from Chilean patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1931-6. [PMID: 24716914 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as one of the major causes of mortality due to cancer worldwide. In Chile, it is currently the leading cause of cancer death. Identification of novel molecular markers that may help to improve disease diagnosis at early stages is imperative. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using whole-genome DNA microarrays we determined differential mRNA levels in fresh human GC samples compared to adjacent healthy mucosa from the same patients. Genes significantly overexpressed in GC were validated by RT-PCR in a group of 14 GC cases. RESULTS The genes CD248, NSD1, RAB17, ABCG8, Ephb1 and P2RY2 were detected as the top overexpressed in GC biopsies. P2RY2, Ephb1 and CD248 showed the best sensitivity for GC detection with values of 92.9%, 85.7% and 64.3% (p<0.05), respectively. Specificity was 85.7%, 71.4% and 71.4% (p<0.05), for each respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Aquea
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile E-mail :
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15
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Imamura T, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Kubota T, Okamoto K, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, Morimura R, Murayama Y, Kuriu Y, Ikoma H, Nakanishi M, Sakakura C, Otsuji E. Poor prognostic subgroup in T3N0 stage IIA gastric cancer, suggesting an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol 2014; 111:221-5. [PMID: 25327711 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy following curative gastrectomy is recommended for patients with pStage II or III, except pT3 (ss), N0 gastric cancer in Japan. This study aimed to detect the poor prognostic subgroup of T3N0 gastric cancer, suggesting an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Between 1999 and 2011, 116 patients with pStage IIA gastric cancer underwent curative gastrectomy. We reviewed their hospital records retrospectively. RESULTS The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with T1N2+T2N1 and T3N0 gastric cancer were 79% and 77%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed lymphatic invasion (LY+) to be an independent poor prognostic factor in T3N0 gastric cancer [P=0.004, HR 12.3 (95% CI: 2.07-112)]. The prognosis of patients with T3N0LY+ gastric cancer was significantly poorer than those with other pStage IIA gastric cancer (5-year OS; T3N0LY+ vs. other Stage IIA: 68% vs. 83%, P=0.043). The incidence of peritoneal recurrence was higher in patients with T3N0LY+ gastric cancer than in those with other Stage IIA gastric cancer (T3N0LY+ vs. other stage IIA: 9.0% vs. 2.8%, P=0.134). CONCLUSIONS Lymphatic invasion was an independent poor prognostic factor in T3N0 gastric cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be recommended to patients with T3N0LY+ gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Gao Q, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang QY, Sun CF, Dong XT, Ying J. Phosphatase and tensin homolog overexpression decreases proliferation and invasion and increases apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1058-1064. [PMID: 25120657 PMCID: PMC4114615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor which regulates various cellular functions. The aim of the present study was to analyze the function of PTEN gene expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. This gene exhibits a unique function in cell migration and proliferation during the early stages of embryonic development. However, its role as a tumor suppressor gene in tongue squamous carcinoma cells remains unclear. In the present study, an SCC-4 cell line stably expressing PTEN was established and the effects of PTEN gene expression on SCC-4 cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were investigated. PTEN expression was found to induce apoptosis in SCC-4 cells, possibly via negative regulation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway and increased expression of Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death. In addition, PTEN was found to control the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SCC cells, thereby reducing their invasive ability. Furthermore, Transwell assay revealed that the expression of E-cadherin was increased, while the expression of vimentin and SNAIL was decreased. This study has provided an important insight into the mechanisms by which PTEN mediates the progression and early metastasis of tongue carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Fu Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jang Ying
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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17
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Shi M, Zheng D, Sun L, Wang L, Lin L, Wu Y, Zhou M, Liao W, Liao Y, Zuo Q, Liao W. XB130 promotes proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. J Transl Med 2014; 12:1. [PMID: 24387290 PMCID: PMC3882781 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background XB130 has been reported to be expressed by various types of cells such as thyroid cancer and esophageal cancer cells, and it promotes the proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells. Our previous study demonstrated that XB130 is also expressed in gastric cancer (GC), and that its expression is associated with the prognosis, but the role of XB130 in GC has not been well characterized. Methods In this study, we investigated the influence of XB130 on gastric tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo and in vitro using the MTT assay, clonogenic assay, BrdU incorporation assay, 3D culture, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis was also performed to identify the potential mechanisms involved. Results The proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901 and MNK45 gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines were all significantly inhibited by knockdown of XB130 using small hairpin RNA. In a xenograft model, tumor growth was markedly inhibited after shXB130-transfected GC cells were implanted into nude mice. After XB130 knockdown, GC cells showed a more epithelial-like phenotype, suggesting an inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, silencing of XB130 reduced the expression of p-Akt/Akt, upregulated expression of epithelial markers including E-cadherin, α-catenin and β-catenin, and downregulated mesenchymal markers including fibronectin and vimentin. Expression of oncoproteins related to tumor metastasis, such as MMP2, MMP9, and CD44, was also significantly reduced. Conclusions These findings indicate that XB130 enhances cell motility and invasiveness by modulating the EMT-like process, while silencing XB130 in GC suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Zhuang MK, Chen FL. Biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3204-3210. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i30.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In gastric cancer, metastases are the major cause of death. Understanding the mechanism by which tumor cells invade and metastasize is essential to develop novel treatments for gastric cancer (GC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistage process in which epithelial cells develop into mesenchymal-like cells with a large number of distinct genetic and epigenetic alterations. EMT also occurs in cancer, which endows invasive and metastatic properties upon cancer cells that favor successful colonization of distal target organs. Here, we summarize studies of known EMT biomarkers in the context of GC progression. The biomarkers discussed include cell-surface proteins (E-cadherin and N-cadherin), cytoskeletal proteins (β-catenin and Vimentin), and transcription factors (Snail, Twist, ZEB1 and ZEB2).
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19
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Ng L, Poon RTP, Pang R. Biomarkers for predicting future metastasis of human gastrointestinal tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3631-56. [PMID: 23370778 PMCID: PMC11113832 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in surgery and radiation therapy have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with primary cancer, and the major challenge of cancer treatment now is metastatic disease development. The 5-year survival rate of cancer patients who have distant metastasis at diagnosis is extremely low, suggesting that prediction and early detection of metastasis would definitely improve their prognosis because suitable patient therapeutic management and treatment strategy can be provided. Cancer cells from a primary site give rise to a metastatic tumor via a number of steps which require the involvement and altered expression of many regulators. These regulators may serve as biomarkers for predicting metastasis. Over the past few years, numerous regulators have been found correlating with metastasis. In this review, we summarize the findings of a number of potential biomarkers that are involved in cadherin-catenin interaction, integrin signaling, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and cancer stem cell identification in gastrointestinal cancers. We will also discuss how certain biomarkers are associated with the tumor microenvironment that favors cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China,
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20
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Matsuoka J, Yashiro M, Doi Y, Fuyuhiro Y, Kato Y, Shinto O, Noda S, Kashiwagi S, Aomatsu N, Hirakawa T, Hasegawa T, Shimizu K, Shimizu T, Miwa A, Yamada N, Sawada T, Hirakawa K. Hypoxia stimulates the EMT of gastric cancer cells through autocrine TGFβ signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62310. [PMID: 23690936 PMCID: PMC3656884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered to be correlated with malignancy of cancer cells and responsible for cancer invasion and metastasis. We previously reported that distant metastasis was associated with hypoxia in gastric cancer. We therefore investigated the effect of hypoxic condition on EMT of gastric cancer cells. Gastric cancer cells were cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 h. EMT was evaluated as the percentage of spindle-shaped cells in total cells. Effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) or tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the EMT was evaluated. The expression level of TGFβ1 and TGFβR was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. The TGFβ1 production from cancer cells was measured by ELISA. Hypoxia stimulated EMT of OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells, but not that of OCUM-2M cells. The expression level of TGFβ1 mRNA under hypoxia was significantly higher than that under normoxia in all of three cell lines. The expression level of TGFβR mRNA was significantly increased by hypoxia in OCUM-2MD3 cells, but not in OCUM-2M cells. TGFβR inhibitor, SB431542 or Ki26894, significantly suppressed EMT of OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12. TGFβ1 production from OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells was significantly increased under hypoxia in comparison with that under normoxia. These findings might suggest that hypoxia stimulates the EMT of gastric cancer cells via autocrine TGFβ/TGFβR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
- Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yosuke Doi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhiko Fuyuhiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kato
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Shinto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Noda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Aomatsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shimizu
- Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Research Planning Department, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miwa
- Biologics Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Yamada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Sawada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Zhao W, Yue L, Zhou F, Xu C, Liang W, Sui A, Ding A, Qiu W. Clinical significance of vimentin expression and Her-2 status in patients with gastric carcinoma. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:184-90. [PMID: 23751022 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether vimentin could be used as a marker of gastric carcinomas with more aggressive behavior. To detect the extent of Her-2 status in gastric carcinoma and explore the correlation between vimentin expression and Her-2 status. METHODS Vimentin expression was detected in surgically resected gastric carcinoma tissue specimens from 143 patients by immunohistochemistry. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) status was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Correlations between vimentin expression, Her-2 status and clinicopathological factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate survival models. RESULTS Vimentin expression was significantly correlated with age, advanced stage, poorly differentiated type, venous invasion, hepatic metastasis, and recurrence (p < 0.05). Her-2 gene was amplified in 16 (11.2%) out of the 143 gastric carcinoma tissue specimens. Her-2 status was correlated with advanced cancer, poor differentiation, venous invasion, hepatic metastasis, and recurrence (p < 0.05). The result of multivariate analysis showed that vimentin expression and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Vimentin expression in epithelial cells of the surgically resected gastric adenocarcinoma tissue is an independent predictor of short survival, and Her-2 status shows a valuable correlation with clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
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22
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Redshaw N, Camps C, Sharma V, Motallebipour M, Guzman-Ayala M, Oikonomopoulos S, Thymiakou E, Ragoussis J, Episkopou V. TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling directly regulates several miRNAs in mouse ES cells and early embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55186. [PMID: 23390484 PMCID: PMC3559380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is one of the major pathways essential for normal embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, with anti-tumor but also pro-metastatic properties in cancer. This pathway directly regulates several target genes that mediate its downstream functions, however very few microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as targets. miRNAs are modulators of gene expression with essential roles in development and a clear association with diseases including cancer. Little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the primary transcripts (pri-miRNA, pri-miR) from which several mature miRNAs are often derived. Here we present the identification of miRNAs regulated by TGF-β signaling in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and early embryos. We used an inducible ES cell system to maintain high levels of the TGF-β activated/phosphorylated Smad2/3 effectors, which are the transcription factors of the pathway, and a specific inhibitor that blocks their activation. By performing short RNA deep-sequencing after 12 hours Smad2/3 activation and after 16 hours inhibition, we generated a database of responsive miRNAs. Promoter/enhancer analysis of a subset of these miRNAs revealed that the transcription of pri-miR-181c/d and the pri-miR-341∼3072 cluster were found to depend on activated Smad2/3. Several of these miRNAs are expressed in early mouse embryos, when the pathway is known to play an essential role. Treatment of embryos with TGF-β inhibitor caused a reduction of their levels confirming that they are targets of this pathway in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that pri-miR-341∼3072 transcription also depends on FoxH1, a known Smad2/3 transcription partner during early development. Together, our data show that miRNAs are regulated directly by the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway in ES cells and early embryos. As somatic abnormalities in functions known to be regulated by the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway underlie tumor suppression and metastasis, this research also provides a resource for miRNAs involved in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Redshaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carme Camps
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehdi Motallebipour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Guzman-Ayala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spyros Oikonomopoulos
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathia Thymiakou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vasso Episkopou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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MIMA KOSUKE, HAYASHI HIROMITSU, KUROKI HIDEYUKI, NAKAGAWA SHIGEKI, OKABE HIROHISA, CHIKAMOTO AKIRA, WATANABE MASAYUKI, BEPPU TORU, BABA HIDEO. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition expression profiles as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance of transforming growth factor-β signaling. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:149-154. [PMID: 23255911 PMCID: PMC3525349 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in cancer invasion and metastasis, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is a potent inducer of EMT. However, the clinical significance of the correlation between EMT marker expression and TGF-β signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains unknown. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of EMT markers and phospho-Smad2 nuclear positivity, and their association with clinicopathological features in 150 HCC patients. E-cadherin(high)/vimentin(low) and E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profiles were determined in 55 (36.7%) and 21 (14.0%) patients, respectively. The E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile was significantly correlated with poor tumor differentiation (P<0.001), vascular invasion (P=0.007) and extrahepatic recurrence following curative surgery (P=0.026). Furthermore, the E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile was significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival compared to E-cadherin(high)/vimentin(low) (P=0.002). Forty-one patients (27.3%) were demonstrated to have high phospho-Smad2 nuclear positivity, which was significantly correlated with the E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile (P<0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that EMT expression profiles are useful prognostic markers for disease-free survival in HCC patients, and that the E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile is closely associated with high-grade malignant behavior such as tumoral vascular invasion and metastasis in HCC. Additionally, TGF-β-mediated EMT may play an important role in the aggressiveness of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- KOSUKE MIMA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIROMITSU HAYASHI
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIDEYUKI KUROKI
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - SHIGEKI NAKAGAWA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIROHISA OKABE
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - AKIRA CHIKAMOTO
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - MASAYUKI WATANABE
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - TORU BEPPU
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIDEO BABA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
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Fu J, Rodova M, Roy SK, Sharma J, Singh KP, Srivastava RK, Shankar S. GANT-61 inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell growth in vitro and in NOD/SCID/IL2R gamma null mice xenograft. Cancer Lett 2012. [PMID: 23200667 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is aberrantly reactivated in pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which GANT-61 (Gli transcription factor inhibitor) regulates stem cell characteristics and tumor growth. Effects of GANT-61 on CSC's viability, spheroid formation, apoptosis, DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured. Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2R gamma(null) mice were used to examine the effects of GANT-61 on CSC's tumor growth. GANT-61 inhibited cell viability, spheroid formation, and Gli-DNA binding and transcriptional activities, and induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of Poly-ADP ribose Polymerase (PARP). GANT-61 increased the expression of TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5 and Fas, and decreased expression of PDGFRα and Bcl-2. GANT-61 also suppressed EMT by up-regulating E-cadherin and inhibiting N-cadherin and transcription factors Snail, Slug and Zeb1. In addition, GANT-61 inhibited pluripotency maintaining factors Nanog, Oct4, Sox-2 and cMyc. Suppression of both Gli1 plus Gli2 by shRNA mimicked the changes in cell viability, spheroid formation, apoptosis and gene expression observed in GANT-61-treated pancreatic CSCs. Furthermore, GANT-61 inhibited CSC tumor growth which was associated with up-regulation of DR4 and DR5 expression, and suppression of Gli1, Gli2, Bcl-2, CCND2 and Zeb1 expression in tumor tissues derived from NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice. Our data highlight the importance of Shh pathway for self-renewal and metastasis of pancreatic CSCs, and also suggest Gli as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer in eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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25
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Luo W, Fang W, Li S, Yao K. Aberrant expression of nuclear vimentin and related epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1863-73. [PMID: 22307379 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of vimentin and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin, β-catenin is essential for the progression of various human cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the aberrant localization E-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin, and their prognostic significance in 122 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that both membranous and cytoplasmic localization of E-cadherin staining were associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively) and clinical stage (p = 0.000 and 0.007, respectively). High cytoplasmic β-catenin correlated significantly with larger tumor size (p = 0.020), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.036). However, no significant difference was observed between membranous β-catenin and clinicopathologic features (p ≥ 0.05). High nuclear vimentin expression correlated significantly with positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that nuclear vimentin and cytoplasmic E-cadherin were independent prognostic factors (p = 0.016 and 0.001, respectively), as well as M classification (p = 0.001). More importantly, patients with high coexpression of nuclear vimentin and cytoplasmic E-cadherin had shorter survival time (p = 0.000). Furthermore, high coexpression of these two proteins was closely associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.000). Our studies provide convincing evidence that EMT may play an important role in the biological progression of NPC, and nuclear vimentin and cytoplasmic E-cadherin might have independent prognostic value in NPC patients and serve as novel targets for prognostic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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26
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Cheng CW, Wang HW, Chang CW, Chu HW, Chen CY, Yu JC, Chao JI, Liu HF, Ding SL, Shen CY. MicroRNA-30a inhibits cell migration and invasion by downregulating vimentin expression and is a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:1081-93. [PMID: 22476851 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and metastasis result in an unfavorable prognosis for cancer patients. Recent studies have suggested that specific microRNAs (miRNAs) may play important roles in the development of cancer cells. However, prognostic markers and the outcome prediction of the miRNA signature in breast cancer patients have not been comprehensively assessed. The aim of this study was to identify miRNA biomarkers relating to clinicopathological features and outcome of breast cancer. A miRNA microarray analysis was performed on breast tumors of different lymph node metastasis status and with different progression signatures, indicated by overexpression of cyclin D1 and β-catenin genes, to identify miRNAs showing a significant difference in expression. The functional interaction between the candidate miRNA, miR-30a, and the target gene, Vim, which codes for vimentin, a protein involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, was examined using the luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, and migration and invasion assays. The association between the decreased miR-30a levels and breast cancer progression was examined in a survival analysis. miR-30a negatively regulated vimentin expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of Vim. Overexpression of miR-30a suppressed the migration and invasiveness phenotypes of breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, reduced tumor expression of miR-30a in breast cancer patients was associated with an unfavorable outcome, including late tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and worse progression (mortality and recurrence) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest a role for miR-30a in inhibiting breast tumor invasiveness and metastasis. The finding that miR-30a downmodulates vimentin expression might provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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27
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Kurashige J, Kamohara H, Watanabe M, Hiyoshi Y, Iwatsuki M, Tanaka Y, Kinoshita K, Saito S, Baba Y, Baba H. MicroRNA-200b regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by directly targeting ZEB2 in gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19 Suppl 3:S656-64. [PMID: 22311119 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microRNA-200 (miR-200) family has been reported to induce epithelial differentiation and suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting translation of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB) 1 and 2 mRNAs in several types of cancers. This study aimed to clarify the role of miR-200b in regulating EMT and promoting cellular proliferation, invasion, and migration in gastric cancer. METHODS The relationships among the expression levels of miR-200b, ZEB1 and ZEB2, and E-cadherin mRNAs were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in frozen tissue samples from 40 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy from 2008 to 2010. The effects of miR-200b on EMT in gastric cancer cells in vitro were also analyzed. RESULTS Diffuse histologic type, depth of tumor, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and lymphatic invasion were significantly higher in the low-miR-200b expression group compared with the high expression group. There was a strong correlation between the levels of miR-200b, and ZEB2 and E-cadherin mRNAs in gastric cancer patients. Upregulation of miR-200b in gastric cancer cells changed the cell morphology from fibroblast- to epithelial-like, associated with localization of E-cadherin to the plasma membrane. ZEB2 mRNA levels fell, while E-cadherin expression levels increased in gastric cells overexpressing miR-200b, associated with significantly reduced cellular proliferation, and inhibition of cellular migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS miR-200b regulates ZEB2 expression and thus controls metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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28
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Yang L, Ping YF, Yu X, Qian F, Guo ZJ, Qian C, Cui YH, Bian XW. Gastric cancer stem-like cells possess higher capability of invasion and metastasis in association with a mesenchymal transition phenotype. Cancer Lett 2011; 310:46-52. [PMID: 21782323 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have been isolated from various types of cancer including leukemia and solid tumors. However, the methods for isolating gastric cancer stem-like cells (GCSCs) have not been well established. As a consequence, the biological behavior and the significance of these cells to cancer progression remains to be clarified. In this study, we isolated and characterized GCSCs from a gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and found their enhanced capabilities of invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. We further studied the expression of molecules related to epithelial-mesenchymal and invasion in GCSCs and found there were decreased E-cadherin, but increased vimentin and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), in these cells. Our results suggest that decreased E-cadherin and increased MMP-2 may be associated with the capacity of GCSCs to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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29
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Tumor initiation and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors, classification, and therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1409-20. [PMID: 20953207 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide responsible for 500 000 deaths annually. A number of risk factors are associated with either the induction of the disease or its progression; these include infection with hepatitis B or C virus, alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and certain congenital disorders. In around 80% of the cases, HCC is associated with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis and with inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review we focus firstly on the different risk factors for HCC and summarize the mechanisms by which each is considered to contribute to HCC. In the second part we look at the molecular processes involved in cancer progression. HCC development is recognized as a multistep process that normally develops over many years. Over this period several mutations accumulate in the cell and that stimulate malign transformation, growth, and metastatic behavior. Over the recent years it has become evident that not only the tumor cell itself but also the tumor microenviroment plays a major role in the development of a tumor. There is a direct link between the role of inflammation and cirrhosis with this microenviroment. Both in vitro and in vivo it has been shown that tumor formation and metastatic properties are linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which facillitates the tumor cell's attempts to migrate to a more favourable microenviroment. Several groups have analyzed the gene expression in HCC and its surrounding tissue by microarray and this has resulted in the molecular classification into a distinct number of classes. Here we also found a role for hypoxia induced gene expression leading to a clinically more aggressive gene expression in HCC. Molecular analysis also helped to identify important cellular pathways and possible therapeutic targets. The first molecule that in this way has shown clinical application for liver cancer is the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, others are currently in different stages of clinical studies like the mTOR inhibitor everolimus.
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