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Jun SY, Hong SM, Jang KT. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5032. [PMID: 37894399 PMCID: PMC10604933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1, a critical cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-dependent regulator of G1/S transition, has attracted much interest as a therapeutic target. The cyclin D1 expression in small intestinal adenocarcinomas (SIACs) has not yet been comprehensively studied, owing to the rarity of this tumor. We investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the cyclin D1 expression in 232 surgically resected primary SIACs through a multi-institutional study. A high expression of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1High) was detected in 145 SIAC cases (63%), which was significantly higher than that in normal small intestinal mucosa (11%). Cyclin D1High was more commonly found in SIACs with a lower T-category and disease stage and KRAS mutation and predicted better patient survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that cyclin D1High, the absence of retroperitoneal seeding and lymphovascular invasion, and the lower N-category were identified as independent prognostic indicators for patients with SIACs. Specifically, cyclin D1High affected patient survival in the lower stage group (stages I and II). In conclusion, cyclin D1 was commonly overexpressed in SIACs, and cyclin D1High acted as a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with SIACs. These findings in SIACs may, thus, be important to further comprehend the mechanism of cyclin D1 in carcinogenesis and to strategize appropriate patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Jun
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Exploring Core Genes by Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapies of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051369. [PMID: 36900162 PMCID: PMC10000172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and therapies for CRC may reduce the mortality rate. However, so far, no researchers have yet investigated core genes (CGs) rigorously for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies of CRC. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to explore CRC-related CGs for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies. At first, we identified 252 common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs) between CRC and control samples based on three gene-expression datasets. Then, we identified ten cDEGs (AURKA, TOP2A, CDK1, PTTG1, CDKN3, CDC20, MAD2L1, CKS2, MELK, and TPX2) as the CGs, highlighting their mechanisms in CRC progression. The enrichment analysis of CGs with GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed some crucial biological processes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways that are associated with CRC progression. The survival probability curves and box-plot analyses with the expressions of CGs in different stages of CRC indicated their strong prognostic performance from the earlier stage of the disease. Then, we detected CGs-guided seven candidate drugs (Manzamine A, Cardidigin, Staurosporine, Sitosterol, Benzo[a]pyrene, Nocardiopsis sp., and Riccardin D) by molecular docking. Finally, the binding stability of four top-ranked complexes (TPX2 vs. Manzamine A, CDC20 vs. Cardidigin, MELK vs. Staurosporine, and CDK1 vs. Riccardin D) was investigated by using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies, and their stable performance was observed. Therefore, the output of this study may play a vital role in developing a proper treatment plan at the earlier stages of CRC.
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3
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Jun SY, Kim J, Yoon N, Maeng LS, Byun JH. Prognostic Potential of Cyclin D1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020572. [PMID: 36675501 PMCID: PMC9867305 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is mainly known as an oncogenic driver in cancers, and the dysregulated cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 axis is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. Recent studies have reported that tumors respond to therapeutic interventions targeting altered cyclin D1 expression via application of the CDK4/6 inhibitor. However, the prognostic and therapeutic contributions of cyclin D1 to colorectal cancer (CRC) remain controversial. Herein, we assessed the associations between cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including patients' overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), in 495 surgically resected primary CRCs. We also examined previous studies for cyclin D1 in CRCs. High expressions of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1High) was observed in 389 CRC cases (78.6%). Cyclin D1High consistently predicted better patient OS and RFS in CRCs. Based on multivariate analysis, cyclin D1High and young age of patients remained as independent prognosticators of higher OS rate, whereas cyclin D1High, females, chemotherapy, absence of nodal metastasis, and lower T-category remained as independent prognosticators of better RFS. Cyclin D1 is commonly overexpressed in CRCs, and its expression can be used as a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with CRCs; this may be important for predicting responses to subsequent CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Jun
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-280-7368
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
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4
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Bottom-Up Approach to the Discovery of Clinically Relevant Biomarker Genes: The Case of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112654. [PMID: 35681633 PMCID: PMC9179423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional approaches to genome-wide marker discovery often follow a common top-down strategy, where a large scale ‘omics’ investigation is followed by the analysis of functional pathways involved, to narrow down the list of identified putative biomarkers, and to deconvolute gene expression networks, or to obtain an insight into genetic alterations observed in cancer. We set out to investigate whether a reverse approach would allow full or partial reconstruction of the transcriptional programs and biological pathways specific to a given cancer and whether the full or substantially expanded list of putative markers could thus be identified by starting with the partial knowledge of a few disease-specific markers. To this end, we used 10 well-documented differentially expressed markers of colorectal cancer (CRC), analyzed their transcription factor networks and biological pathways, and predicted the existence of 193 new putative markers. Incredibly, the use of a validation marker set of 10 other completely different known CRC markers and the same procedure resulted in a very similar set of 143 predicted markers. Of these, 138 were identical to those found using the training set, confirming our main hypothesis that a much-expanded set of disease markers can be predicted by starting with just a small subset of validated markers. Further to this, we validated the expression of 42 out of 138 top-ranked predicted markers experimentally using qPCR in surgically removed CRC tissues. We showed that 41 out of 42 mRNAs tested have significantly altered levels of mRNA expression in surgically excised CRC tissues. Of the markers tested, 36 have been reported to be associated with aspects of CRC in the past, whilst only limited published evidence exists for another three genes (BCL2, PDGFRB and TSC2), and no published evidence directly linking genes to CRC was found for CCNA1, SHC1 and TGFB3. Whilst we used CRC to test and validate our marker discovery strategy, the reported procedures apply more generally to cancer marker discovery.
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5
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AURKA is a prognostic biomarker for good overall survival in stage II colorectal cancer patients. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Uil SH, Coupé VMH, Bril H, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA, Stockmann HBAC. KCNQ1 and lymphovascular invasion are key features in a prognostic classifier for stage II and III colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:372. [PMID: 35395779 PMCID: PMC8991490 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of recurrence after resection of a stage II or III colon cancer, and therefore qualification for adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), is traditionally based on clinicopathological parameters. However, the parameters used in clinical practice are not able to accurately identify all patients with or without minimal residual disease. Some patients considered ‘low-risk’ do develop recurrence (undertreatment), whilst other patients receiving ACT might not have developed recurrence at all (overtreatment). We previously analysed tumour tissue expression of 28 protein biomarkers that might improve identification of patients at risk of recurrence. In the present study we aimed to build a prognostic classifier based on these 28 biomarkers and clinicopathological parameters. Methods Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to build a prognostic classifier based on a well described cohort of 386 patients with stage II and III colon cancer. Separate classifiers were built for patients who were or were not treated with ACT. Routine clinicopathological parameters and tumour tissue immunohistochemistry data were included, available for 28 proteins previously published. Classification trees were pruned until lowest misclassification error was obtained. Survival of the identified subgroups was analysed, and robustness of the selected CART variables was assessed by random forest analysis (1000 trees). Results In patients not treated with ACT, prognosis was estimated best based on expression of KCNQ1. Poor disease-free survival (DFS) was observed in those with loss of expression of KCNQ1 (HR = 3.38 (95% CI 2.12 – 5.40); p < 0.001). In patients treated with ACT, key prognostic factors were lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and expression of KCNQ1. Patients with LVI showed poorest DFS, whilst patients without LVI and high expression of KCNQ1 showed most favourable survival (HR = 7.50 (95% CI 3.57—15.74); p < 0.001). Patients without LVI and loss of expression of KCNQ1 had intermediate survival (HR = 3.91 (95% CI 1.76 – 8.72); p = 0.001). Conclusion KCNQ1 and LVI were identified as key features in prognostic classifiers for disease-free survival in stage II and III colon cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09473-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd H Uil
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Boerhaavelaan 22, 2035 RC, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Boerhaavelaan 22, 2035 RC, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein B A C Stockmann
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Boerhaavelaan 22, 2035 RC, Haarlem, The Netherlands
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7
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Liu C, Xu J, Guo C, Chen X, Qian C, Zhang X, Zhou P, Yang Y. Gambogenic Acid Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colorectal Cancer via the Aurora A Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736350. [PMID: 34692693 PMCID: PMC8526855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and has a poor prognosis. In the present research, gambogenic acid (GNA), isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine gamboge, markedly induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GNA triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which subsequently activated inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) 1α and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2α pathway. Pretreatment with salubrinal (an eIF2α inhibitor) rescued GNA-induced cell death. Furthermore, GNA downregulated the expression of Aurora A. The Aurora A inhibitor alisertib decreased ER stress. In human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue, Aurora A was upregulated compared to normal colorectal epithelial nuclei. Furthermore, GNA ameliorated mouse colitis-associated cancer models. Our findings demonstrated that GNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC through activation of ER stress by regulating Aurora A, which indicates the potential of GNA for preventing the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xugang Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Qian
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinghong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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P21 is not a prognostic marker for rectal cancer - five-year follow up study of rectal cancer in stages I-IV. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021; 24:247-251. [PMID: 33531872 PMCID: PMC7836274 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2020.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p21 participates in the regulation of DNA repair and replication, and modulation of apoptosis as well. After DNA damage, the p53-dependent induction of p21 results in cell cycle arrest or could trigger cell apoptosis. The objective of the study was the assessment of p21 immunoreactivity in rectal cancer and the estimation of relationships with clinical outcome especially as predictor of poor outcome. While applying the ruling in and out criteria, 102 patients were incorporated to the study, with stage I–IV rectal cancer who had undergone surgery in a planned mode during 2005–2011. The follow-up covered 5 years period from surgery date. Conventional immunohistochemistry were performed using antibody against p21 (p21WAF1 (Clone H252) to detect overexpression targeted receptor. The analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the survival curves of patients in groups with immunoreactivity of p21 protein at 0; 1; 2; 3 (p = 0.6453 in the log-rank test), also is not a significant risk factor for death (HR = 0.915, p = 0.7842) and for tumor dissemination (HR = 0.94, p = 0.9426). Our study leads to the conclusion that the probability of survival does not depend on p21 expression and do not authorize the importance of p21 immunoreactivity in the detection and monitoring of rectal cancer treatment.
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9
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Han J, Chen X, Xu J, Chu L, Li R, Sun N, Jiang Z, Liu H, Ge X, Zheng J, Yang J, Ikezoe T. Simultaneous silencing Aurora-A and UHRF1 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth through regulating expression of DNMT1 and STAT1. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3437-3451. [PMID: 34522170 PMCID: PMC8436113 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A has attracted a great deal of interest as a potential therapeutic target for patients with CRC. However, the outcomes of inhibitors targeting Aurora-A are not as favorable as expected, and the basis behind the ineffectiveness remains unknown. Here, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) xenograft mouse models that were resistant to alisertib, an Aurora-A inhibitor. Unexpectedly, we found that alisertib disrupted Aurora-A binding with ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring finger domain 1 (UHRF1), leading to UHRF1 mediated ubiquitination and degradation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which in turn resulted in demethylation of CpG islands of STAT1 promoter and STAT1 overexpression. Simultaneous silencing Aurora-A and UHRF1 prevented STAT1 overexpression and effectively inhibited CRC growth. Hence, concomitant targeting Aurora-A and UHRF1 can be a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laili Chu
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, the first affiliated hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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10
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Tang J, Yang L, Li Y, Ning X, Chaulagain A, Wang T, Wang D. ARID3A promotes the development of colorectal cancer by upregulating AURKA. Carcinogenesis 2020; 42:578-586. [PMID: 33165575 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours, and its morbidity and mortality rates are relatively high. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of CRC have not been clearly elucidated to date. AT-rich interaction domain 3A (ARID3A) is a member of the ARID3 family and a transcription factor that can bind to specific DNA sites to regulate gene expression. It was reported that ARID3A is involved in various biological processes and may be related to carcinogenesis. In this study, by assessing the mRNA level of ARID3A in TCGA database, we found that ARID3A expression increased in CRC tissues, and proposed that ARID3A could act as a tumour-promoting factor in the development of CRC. To verify this hypothesis, we used cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays to assess the effect of ARID3A on CRC cells. We revealed that ARID3A overexpression enhanced tumour cell proliferation, migration and invasion. ARID3A could target Aurora kinase A (AURKA) to facilitate the malignant phenotype of CRC cells, and patients with a higher ratio of AURKA and ARID3A had a better overall survival. Conclusively, this study showed that ARID3A targeted AURKA to facilitate the development of CRC. The ratio of ARID3A and AURKA could be used as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis, providing a new strategy for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lirui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelian Ning
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Anita Chaulagain
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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11
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Gao X, Lai Y, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Luo Z, Li Y, Yang C, Lu G, Li J. Long Non-coding RNA RP11-480I12.5 Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells Through the miR-490-3p-AURKA-Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:948. [PMID: 32733789 PMCID: PMC7358571 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: RP11-480I12. 5 is a newly identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has never been studied in breast cancer (BC). The biological function of RP11-480I12.5 in breast carcinoma and its underlying mechanism are still unknown. Methods: We scanned The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified RP11-480I12.5 as one of the most dysregulated lncRNAs. The level of RP11-480I12.5 was assessed in BC tissue samples and BC cell lines. The prognostic value of RP11-480I12.5 expression was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The biological influence of RP11-480I12.5 on BC cell lines was studied using proliferation and Transwell migration and invasion assays. Results: RP11-480I12.5 expression was upregulated in data from both the TCGA database and our own database. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated that high RP11-480I12.5 expression was related to poor overall survival. Moreover, RP11-480I12.5 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC. RP11-480I12.5 promoted the expression of AURKA and the activation of the downstream Wnt/β-catenin pathway by sponging the microRNA (miRNA) miR-490-3p. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate that RP11-480I12.5 is associated with tumor progression in BCs. Our findings indicate that the lncRNA RP11-480I12.5 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells through the miR-490-3p-AURKA-Wnt/β-catenin axis, which may serve as a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhui Lai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanqiang Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhizhai Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yanghong Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ciqiu Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Zhang L, Li Y, Sona L. Long non-coding RNA RP11-480I12.5 promotes cervical carcinoma progression by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:469-475. [PMID: 31897160 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), RP11-480I12.5 is one of the most dysregulated lncRNAs, which is believed to contribute to the progression of cervical carcinoma (CC); however, the exact function of RP11-480I12.5 in human CC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the function and underlying molecular mechanism of RP11-480I12.5 in CC. First, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was implemented in order to detect differences in the expression of RP11-480I12.5 between normal and CC tissues. The present study used in vitro analysis to establish RP11-480I12.5 stable knockdown and overexpressing cell lines, in order to investigate the function and potential molecular mechanism of RP11-480I12.5 in the progression of CC. RP11-480I12.5 was upregulated in CC tissue compared with normal tissue. Furthermore, RP11-480I12.5 was associated with clinical stage, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. RP11-480I12.5 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of CC cell lines. Subsequently, the present study investigated the association between RP11-480I12.5 and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. RP11-480I12.5 promoted EMT through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrate that RP11-480I12.5 promotes cercical cancer cell migration, invasion and EMT through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Women and Children Health Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Medical Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lina Sona
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Women and Children Health Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
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13
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p53 expression status is associated with cancer-specific survival in stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:797-805. [PMID: 30894685 PMCID: PMC6474280 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We attempted to elucidate whether p53 expression or TP53 mutation status was associated with cancer-specific survival in adjuvant FOLFOX-treated patients with stage III or high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We analysed CRCs (N = 621) for the presence of TP53 alterations and for p53 expression, using targeted resequencing and immunohistochemistry. CRCs were grouped into four subsets according to the p53 expression status, which included p53-no, mild, moderate and strong expression. RESULTS The distributions of CRCs were 19.85, 11.05, 17.7% and 51.5% in the p53-no, mild, moderate and strong expression groups, respectively. Cases in the p53-mild to moderate expression group were associated with a more frequent proximal location, undifferentiated histology, lower N category, extraglandular mucin production, microsatellite instability, CIMP-P1, CK7 expression and decreased CDX2 expression compared with those of cases of the p53-no expression and p53-strong expression groups. According to survival analysis, the p53-mild expression group showed a poor 5-year relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-4.60, P < 0.001) and poor 5-year cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.90, 95% CI = 1.28-6.57, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS p53-mild expression status was found to be an independent prognostic marker in adjuvant FOLFOX-treated patients with stage III and high-risk stage II CRC.
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14
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Torén W, Ansari D, Andersson R. Immunohistochemical investigation of prognostic biomarkers in resected colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:217. [PMID: 30602942 PMCID: PMC6307223 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the prognostic role of biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, no biomarker has been established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the current literature for biomarkers evaluated by immunohistochemistry as prognostic markers in patients with resected CRLM. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified in the PubMed database with selected search terms and by cross-references search. The REMARK quality criteria were applied. Markers were included if they reported the prognostic impact of immunohistochemical markers in a multivariable setting in relation to overall survival (OS). A meta-analysis was conducted when more than one original article provided survival data of a marker. Results In total, 26 biomarkers were identified as independent significant markers for OS in resected CRLM. These biomarkers were found to be involved in multiple oncogenic signalling pathways that control cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and evasion of immune detection. Among these biomarker candidates were Ki-67, EGFR, p53, hTERT, CD34, TSP-1, KISS1, Aurora kinase A and CDX2. CD34 and TSP-1 were reported as significantly associated with survival by more than one study and where therefore pooled in a meta-analysis. Conclusion A number of independent prognostic biomarkers for resected CRLM were identified. However, most markers were evaluated in a retrospective setting with small patient cohorts, without external validation. Large, prospective, multicentre studies with standardised methods are needed before biomarkers can translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Kogiso M, Qi L, Braun FK, Injac SG, Zhang L, Du Y, Zhang H, Lin FY, Zhao S, Lindsay H, Su JM, Baxter PA, Adesina AM, Liao D, Qian MG, Berg S, Muscal JA, Li XN. Concurrent Inhibition of Neurosphere and Monolayer Cells of Pediatric Glioblastoma by Aurora A Inhibitor MLN8237 Predicted Survival Extension in PDOX Models. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2159-2170. [PMID: 29463553 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (pGBM) is a highly aggressive tumor in need of novel therapies. Our objective was to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of MLN8237 (alisertib), an orally available selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase (AURKA), and to evaluate which in vitro model system (monolayer or neurosphere) can predict therapeutic efficacy in vivoExperimental Design: AURKA mRNA expressions were screened with qRT-PCR. In vitro antitumor effects were examined in three matching pairs of monolayer and neurosphere lines established from patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of the untreated (IC-4687GBM), recurrent (IC-3752GBM), and terminal (IC-R0315GBM) tumors, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy through log rank analysis of survival times in two models (IC-4687GBM and IC-R0315GBM) following MLN8237 treatment (30 mg/kg/day, orally, 12 days). Drug concentrations in vivo and mechanism of action and resistance were also investigated.Results: AURKA mRNA overexpression was detected in 14 pGBM tumors, 10 PDOX models, and 6 cultured pGBM lines as compared with 11 low-grade gliomas and normal brains. MLN8237 penetrated into pGBM xenografts in mouse brains. Significant extension of survival times were achieved in IC-4687GBM of which both neurosphere and monolayer were inhibited in vitro, but not in IC-R0315GBM of which only neurosphere cells responded (similar to IC-3752GBM). Apoptosis-mediated MLN8237 induced cell death, and the presence of AURKA-negative and CD133+ cells appears to have contributed to in vivo therapy resistance.Conclusions: MLN8237 successfully targeted AURKA in a subset of pGBMs. Our data suggest that combination therapy should aim at AURKA-negative and/or CD133+ pGBM cells to prevent tumor recurrence. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2159-70. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kogiso
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank K Braun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah G Injac
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Linna Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuchen Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank Y Lin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack M Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adekunle M Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Debra Liao
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark G Qian
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey Berg
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jodi A Muscal
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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16
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Lin Y, Wang X, Yu Y, Liu W, Xie F, Ouyang X, Huang Q. Expression and prognostic significance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A in patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7473-7482. [PMID: 29344191 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) is an important cell cycleregulator, and has been identified to exhibit aberrant expression in various types of cancer tissues. However, the association between CDKN1A expression level and prognosis in patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma (RGA) requires additional elucidation. In the present study, the CDKN1A expression profile in RGA tissues obtained from 217 patients were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Its prognostic significance was evaluated by using the χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, and a multivariate Cox model analysis, during a median follow-up time of 51 months. The results demonstrated that CDKN1A expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM; P=0.001), recurrence (P<0.001) and overall survival (OS; P<0.001). In addition, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS times were significantly shorter in patients with low CDKN1A expression compared with those with high CDKN1A expression (RFS, 20 months vs. 69 months, P<0.001; and OS, 32 months vs. 70 months, P<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis additionally confirmed that low CDKN1A expression was significantly correlated with an increased risk of LNM (P=0.001), recurrence (P<0.001) and mortality (P<0.001). Therefore, these data suggest that low expression of CDKN1A has independent prognostic significance indicative of tumor progression and poor survival in patients with RGA. Evaluation of CDKN1A expression may assist in determining prognosis in patients with RGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Lin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Feilai Xie
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xuenong Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Qiaojia Huang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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17
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Koh HM, Jang BG, Hyun CL, Kim YS, Hyun JW, Chang WY, Maeng YH. Aurora Kinase A Is a Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 51:32-39. [PMID: 28013532 PMCID: PMC5267544 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aurora kinase A (AURKA), or STK15/BTAK, is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family and plays important roles in mitosis and chromosome stability. This study investigated the clinical significance of AURKA expression in colorectal cancer patients in Korea. METHODS AURKA protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 151 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma using tissue microarray blocks. We analyzed the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and AURKA expression. In addition, the prognostic significance of various clinicopathological data for progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed. Also we evaluated copy number variations by array comparative genomic hybridization and AURKA gene amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization in colorectal carcinoma tissues. RESULTS AURKA gene amplification was found more frequently in the 20q13.2-13.33 gain-positive group than the group with no significant gain on the AURKA-containing locus. AURKA protein expression was detected in 45% of the cases (68/151). Positive staining for AURKA was observed more often in male patients (p = .035) and distally located tumors (p = .021). PFS was shorter in patients with AURKA expression compared to those with low-level AURKA expression (p < .001). Univariate analysis revealed that AURKA expression (p = .001), age (p = .034), lymphatic invasion (p = .001), perineural invasion (p = .002), and TNM stage (p = .013) significantly affected PFS. In a multivariate analysis of PFS, a Cox proportional hazard model confirmed that AURKA expression was an independent and significant prognostic factor in colorectal adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio, 3.944; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS AURKA could serve as an independent factor to predict a poor prognosis in Korean colorectal adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bo Geun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young Sill Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Weon Young Chang
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young Hee Maeng
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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18
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Clinicopathological significance and diagnostic accuracy of HER2 immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2016; 31:e389-e394. [PMID: 27102863 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of HER2 expression and the diagnostic accuracy of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 2,573 CRC cases from 13 eligible studies were included. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis to examine the correlations between HER2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in CRC. Concordance analysis between HER2 IHC and in situ hybridization (ISH) and diagnostic test accuracy review was conducted. RESULTS The estimated rate of HER2 IHC overexpression was 0.162 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.106-0.240). HER2 IHC overexpression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis but not tumor depth. HER2 IHC overexpression was not correlated with overall survival. The concordance rates between IHC and ISH were 0.968 (95% CI 0.881-0.992), 0.377 (95% CI 0.225-0.557) and 0.780 (95% CI 0.390-0.952) for HER2 IHC scores of 0/1+, 2+ and 3+, respectively. The diagnostic test accuracy review of HER2 IHC revealed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 (95% CI 0.58-0.82) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.97), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve were 51.34 (95% CI 3.82-690.54) and 0.9704, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HER2 IHC overexpression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. CRC cases with HER2 IHC scores of 0/1+ exhibited good agreement with the ISH data. However, additional ISH analysis is needed to confirm HER2 status in cases with IHC scores of 2+ or 3+.
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19
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Xu G, Zhang M, Zhu H, Xu J. A 15-gene signature for prediction of colon cancer recurrence and prognosis based on SVM. Gene 2016; 604:33-40. [PMID: 27998790 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the gene signature for distinguishing patients with high risks from those with low-risks for colon cancer recurrence and predicting their prognosis. METHODS Five microarray datasets of colon cancer samples were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus database and one was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). After preprocessing, data in GSE17537 were analyzed using the Linear Models for Microarray data (LIMMA) method to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs further underwent PPI network-based neighborhood scoring and support vector machine (SVM) analyses to screen the feature genes associated with recurrence and prognosis, which were then validated by four datasets GSE38832, GSE17538, GSE28814 and TCGA using SVM and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 1207 genes were identified as DEGs between recurrence and no-recurrence samples, including 726 downregulated and 481 upregulated genes. Using SVM analysis and five gene expression profile data confirmation, a 15-gene signature (HES5, ZNF417, GLRA2, OR8D2, HOXA7, FABP6, MUSK, HTR6, GRIP2, KLRK1, VEGFA, AKAP12, RHEB, NCRNA00152 and PMEPA1) were identified as a predictor of recurrence risk and prognosis for colon cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our identified 15-gene signature may be useful to classify colon cancer patients with different prognosis and some genes in this signature may represent new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangru Xu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong District, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, ShangHai 201299, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong District, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, ShangHai 201299, China
| | - Hongxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong District, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, ShangHai 201299, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong District, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, ShangHai 201299, China.
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20
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Lenos K, Goos JACM, Vuist IM, den Uil SH, Delis-van Diemen PM, Belt EJT, Stockmann HBAC, Bril H, de Wit M, Carvalho B, Giblett S, Pritchard CA, Meijer GA, van Kooyk Y, Fijneman RJA, van Vliet SJ. MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26278-90. [PMID: 26172302 PMCID: PMC4694901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. Both MGL binding and oncogenic BRAF mutations have been implicated in establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiaan Lenos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona M Vuist
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Pien M Delis-van Diemen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Meike de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Giblett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Egeland EV, Flatmark K, Nesland JM, Flørenes VA, Mælandsmo GM, Boye K. Expression and clinical significance of Wee1 in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12133-12140. [PMID: 27220319 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wee1 is a nuclear kinase regulating cell cycle progression, and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Expression of Wee1 has been associated with poor outcome in certain tumor types, but the prognostic impact and clinical significance in colorectal cancer is unknown. The expression of Wee1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in primary colorectal carcinomas from a prospectively collected patient cohort, and associations with clinicopathological parameters and outcome were investigated. Cell culture experiments were performed using the cell lines RKO and SW620, and the relationship with the metastasis-promoting protein S100A4 was investigated. Nuclear expression was detected in 229 of the 258 tumors analyzed (89 %). Wee1 staining was associated with low pT stage, but no other significant associations with demographic or histopathological variables were found. Moderate Wee1 staining intensity was a predictor of favorable metastasis-free and overall survival compared to strong intensity and no or weak staining. The fraction of positive cells was not a prognostic factor in the present cohort. Inhibition of Wee1 expression using siRNA or treatment with the Wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 reduced expression of the metastasis-promoting protein S100A4, but no relationship between Wee1 and S100A4 was found in the patient samples. In conclusion, Wee1 is highly expressed in primary colorectal carcinomas, but few relevant associations with clinicopathological parameters or outcome were found. The lack of clinical significance of Wee1 expression could indicate that other tumor types might be better suited for further development of Wee1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Valen Egeland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahn M Nesland
- Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Boye
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Roskoski R. Cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors including palbociclib as anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:249-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wuxiao ZJ, Zhou HY, Wang KF, Chen XQ, Hao XB, Lu YD, Xia ZJ. A prognostic model to predict survival in stage III colon cancer patients based on histological grade, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level and the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:747-51. [PMID: 25684519 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stage III colon cancer patients demonstrate diverse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic model in order to better predict their survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2004 to 2010, 548 patients were retrospectively analyzed, among whom 328 were defined as the study group and the remaining 220 served as a validation group. Clinico-pathologic features, including age, gender, histological grade, T stage, number of positive lymph nodes, number of harvest lymph nodes, pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and pretreatment neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to detect prognostic factors and multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent examples on which to develop a prognostic model. Finally, the model was further validated with the validation group. RESULTS Histological grade (p=0.002), T stage (p=0.011), number of positive lymph nodes (p=0.003), number of harvested lymph nodes (p=0.020), CEA (p=0.005), and NLR (p<0.001) were found as prognostic factors while histological grade [RR(relative risk):0.632, 95%CI (Confidence interval) 0.405~0.985, p=0.043], CEA (RR:0.644, 95%CI:0.431~0.964, p=0.033) and NLR (RR:0.384, 95%CI:0.255~0.580, p<0.001) levels were independent. The prognostic model based on these three factors was able to classify patients into high risk, intermediate and low risk groups (p<0.001), both in study and validation groups. CONCLUSIONS Histological grade, pretreatment CEA and NLR levels are independent prognostic factors in stage III colon cancer patients. A prognostic model based on these factors merits attention in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Wuxiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China E-mail :
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Kasap E, Gerceker E, Boyacıoglu SÖ, Yuceyar H, Yıldırm H, Ayhan S, Korkmaz M. The potential role of the NEK6, AURKA, AURKB, and PAK1 genes in adenomatous colorectal polyps and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3071-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Turksma AW, Coupé VMH, Shamier MC, Lam KLH, de Weger VA, Belien JAM, van den Eertwegh AJ, Meijer GA, Meijer CJLM, Hooijberg E. Extent and Location of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Microsatellite-Stable Colon Cancer Predict Outcome to Adjuvant Active Specific Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:346-56. [PMID: 26420855 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in colon cancer in a cohort of patients who previously took part in a trial on adjuvant active specific immunotherapy (ASI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We determined the number and location of CD3 and CD8 positive T cells in archival tumor samples of 106 colon cancers. We correlated stromal and epithelial TIL numbers with tumor stage and treatment and determined the effects on disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free interval (RFI). RESULTS On the basis of the data presented, we concluded that (i) high numbers of stromal CD3 T cells have positive prognostic value measured as DSS for patients with stage II microsatellite-stable tumors and (ii) high numbers of epithelial CD8-positive T cells have positive prognostic value measured as RFI for the group of patients with stage II microsatellite-stable tumors as well as for the whole group (so stage II plus stage III together). Furthermore, we concluded that high numbers of pre-existing stromal CD3-positive T cells are of positive predictive value in adjuvant ASI treatment measured as DSS as well as RFI. CONCLUSIONS ASI therapy may contribute to an improved DSS and RFI in patients with microsatellite-stable colon tumors harboring high numbers of pre-existing stromal CD3(+) TIL. Validation in future clinical trials is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies W Turksma
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc C Shamier
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin L H Lam
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent A de Weger
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A M Belien
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons J van den Eertwegh
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Goos JACM, Verbeek J, Geldof AA, Hiemstra AC, van de Wiel MA, Adamzek KA, Delis-Van Diemen PM, Stroud SG, Bradley DP, Meijer GA, Hoekstra OS, Fijneman RJA, Windhorst AD. Molecular imaging of aurora kinase A (AURKA) expression: Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled alisertib (MLN8237). Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:63-72. [PMID: 26432753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survival of patients after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) is 36%-58%. Positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, imaging the expression of prognostic biomarkers, may contribute to assign appropriate management to individual patients. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) expression is associated with survival of patients after CRCLM resection. METHODS We synthesized [(3)H]alisertib and [(11)C]alisertib, starting from [(3)H]methyl nosylate and [(11)C]methyl iodide, respectively. We measured in vitro uptake of [(3)H]alisertib in cancer cells with high (Caco2), moderate (A431, HCT116, SW480) and low (MKN45) AURKA expression, before and after siRNA-mediated AURKA downmodulation, as well as after inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. We measured in vivo uptake and biodistribution of [(11)C]alisertib in nude mice, xenografted with A431, HCT116 or MKN45 cells, or P-gp knockout mice. RESULTS [(3)H]Alisertib was synthesized with an overall yield of 42% and [(11)C]alisertib with an overall yield of 23%±9% (radiochemical purity ≥99%). Uptake of [(3)H]alisertib in Caco2 cells was higher than in A431 cells (P=.02) and higher than in SW480, HCT116 and MKN45 cells (P<.01). Uptake in A431 cells was higher than in SW480, HCT116 and MKN45 cells (P<.01). Downmodulation of AURKA expression reduced [(3)H]alisertib uptake in Caco2 cells (P<.01). P-gp inhibition increased [(3)H]alisertib uptake in Caco2 (P<.01) and MKN45 (P<.01) cells. In vivo stability of [(11)C]alisertib 90min post-injection was 94.7%±1.3% and tumor-to-background ratios were 2.3±0.8 (A431), 1.6±0.5 (HCT116) and 1.9±0.5 (MKN45). In brains of P-gp knockout mice [(11)C]alisertib uptake was increased compared to uptake in wild-type mice (P<.01) CONCLUSIONS: Radiolabeled alisertib can be synthesized and may have potential for the imaging of AURKA, particularly when AURKA expression is high. However, the exact mechanisms underlying alisertib accumulation need further investigation. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Radiolabeled alisertib may be used for non-invasively measuring AURKA protein expression and to stratify patients for treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost Verbeek
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert A Geldof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Hiemstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin A Adamzek
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gerçeker E, Boyacıoglu SO, Kasap E, Baykan A, Yuceyar H, Yıldırım H, Ayhan S, Ellidokuz E, Korkmaz M. Never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 6 and aurora kinase A: New gene biomarkers in the conversion from ulcerative colitis to colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1905-14. [PMID: 26259750 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Histone modifications are one of the epigenetic mechanisms that may have key roles in the carcinogenesis of CRC. At present, there are no studies comparing histone modification patterns of UC and CRC in the literature. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate whether genes, particularly those involved in histone modification, have value in patient monitoring with regards to CRC development in UC. Key gene expressions of the histone modification enzyme were assessed and compared in CRC, UC and control groups using the RT-PCR array technique. Patients were divided into subgroups based on the extent and duration of the disease and inflammatory burden, which are considered risk factors for CRC development in UC patients. In UC and CRC groups, a significantly higher overexpression of the NEK6 and AURKA genes compared to the control group was identified. In addition, there was a significantly higher overexpression of HDAC1 and PAK1 genes in the UC group, and of HDAC1, HDAC7, PAK1 and AURKB genes in the CRC group. NEK6, AURKA, HDAC1 and PAK1 were significantly overexpressed in patients with a longer UC duration. Overexpression of AURKA and NEK6 genes was significantly more pronounced in UC patients with more extensive colon involvement. HDAC1, HDAC7, PAK1, NEK6, AURKA and AURKB are important diagnostic and prognostic markers involved in the carcinogenesis of CRC. HDAC1, PAK1, NEK6 and AURKA may be considered as diagnostic markers to be used in CRC screening for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Gerçeker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Seda Orenay Boyacıoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Elmas Kasap
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Baykan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yuceyar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yıldırım
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Semin Ayhan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ender Ellidokuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Katsha A, Belkhiri A, Goff L, El-Rifai W. Aurora kinase A in gastrointestinal cancers: time to target. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:106. [PMID: 25987188 PMCID: PMC4436812 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major cause of cancer-related deaths. During the last two decades, several studies have shown amplification and overexpression of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) in several GI malignancies. These studies demonstrated that AURKA not only plays a role in regulating cell cycle and mitosis, but also regulates a number of key oncogenic signaling pathways. Although AURKA inhibitors have moved to phase III clinical trials in lymphomas, there has been slower progress in GI cancers and solid tumors. Ongoing clinical trials testing AURKA inhibitors as a single agent or in combination with conventional chemotherapies are expected to provide important clinical information for targeting AURKA in GI cancers. It is, therefore, imperative to consider investigations of molecular determinants of response and resistance to this class of inhibitors. This will improve evaluation of the efficacy of these drugs and establish biomarker based strategies for enrollment into clinical trials, which hold the future direction for personalized cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the available data on AURKA in GI cancers. We will also summarize the major AURKA inhibitors that have been developed and tested in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Katsha
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 760 PRB, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 37232-6308, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 760 PRB, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 37232-6308, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Laura Goff
- Department of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 760 PRB, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 37232-6308, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Zhang J, Li B, Yang Q, Zhang P, Wang H. Prognostic value of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) expression among solid tumor patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:629-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Kang BW, Jeon HS, Chae YS, Lee SJ, Park JY, Choi JE, Park JS, Choi GS, Kim JG. Association between GWAS-identified genetic variations and disease prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119649. [PMID: 25799222 PMCID: PMC4370892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have already identified at least 22 common susceptibility loci associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study examined the relationship between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the clinical outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer. Seven hundred seventy-six patients with surgically resected colorectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the present study. Twenty-two of the GWAS-identified SNPs were genotyped using a Sequenom MassARRAY. Among the 22 SNPs, two (rs1321311G>T in CDKN1A and rs10411210C>T in RHPN2) were significantly associated with the survival outcomes of CRC in a multivariate survival analysis. In a recessive model, the rs1321311 TT genotype (vs. GG + GT) and rs10411210 TT genotype (vs. CC + CT) were associated with a worse prognosis for disease-free survival (adjusted HR = 1.90; 95% confidence interval = 1.00-3.60; P = 0.050, adjusted HR = 1.94; 95% confidence interval = 1.05-3.57; P = 0.034, respectively) and overall survival (adjusted HR = 2.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.00-4.20; P = 0.049, adjusted HR = 2.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.05-4.05; P = 0.036, respectively). None of the other SNPs was significantly associated with any clinicopathologic features or survival. The present results suggest that the genetic variants of the CDKN1A (rs1321311) and RHPN2 (rs10411210) genes can be used as prognostic biomarkers for patients with surgically resected colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Department of Molecular diagnostics and Imaging research institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Park
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Seog Choi
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Böckelman C, Engelmann BE, Kaprio T, Hansen TF, Glimelius B. Risk of recurrence in patients with colon cancer stage II and III: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:5-16. [PMID: 25430983 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2014.975839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy is established routine therapy for colon cancer (CC) patients with radically resected stage III and 'high-risk' stage II disease. The decision on recommending adjuvant chemotherapy, however, is based on data from older patient cohorts not reflecting improvements in pre-operative staging, surgery, and pathological examination. The aim is to review the current risk of recurrence in stage II and III patients and second, to estimate the relative importance of routinely assessed clinico-pathological variables. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled studies and observational studies published after 1 January 2005 with patients included after January 1995 on prognosis in surgically treated stage II and III CC patients. RESULTS Of 2596 studies identified, 37 met the inclusion criteria and 25 provided data for meta-analysis. The total patient sample size in the 25 studies reporting either disease-free (DFS) or recurrence-free survival was 15 559 in stage II and 18 425 in stage III. Five-year DFS for stage II patients operated without subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy was 81.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 75.4-87.4; in studies with good/very good quality of reporting 82.7%, (95% CI 80.8-84.6)]. For stage II patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, the five-year DFS was 79.3% (95% CI 75.6-83.1). For stage III patients without chemotherapy, five-year DFS was 49.0% (95% CI 23.2-74.8) and for those treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, 63.6% (95% CI 59.3-67.9). The prognostic impact of commonly investigated clinico-pathological parameters, (pT-stage, pN-stage, differentiation, number of lymph nodes studied, MMR-status, and emergency surgery) were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, studies with good quality of reporting show a five-year DFS of 82.7% for stage II CC without adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas the five-year DFS is 63.8% for stage III CC with adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to insufficient reporting on treatment quality the presented DFS is likely an under-estimation of what is achieved at high-quality centers today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Böckelman
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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Lochhead P, Chan AT, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Wu K, Nishihara R, O'Brien M, Ogino S. Progress and opportunities in molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal premalignant lesions. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:1205-14. [PMID: 24935274 PMCID: PMC4125459 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative molecular and population health science that addresses the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of disease processes. The MPE of colonic and rectal premalignant lesions (including hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenomas, tubulovillous adenomas, villous adenomas, traditional serrated adenomas, sessile serrated adenomas/sessile serrated polyps, and hamartomatous polyps) can provide unique opportunities for examining the influence of diet, lifestyle, and environmental exposures on specific pathways of carcinogenesis. Colorectal neoplasia can provide a practical model by which both malignant epithelial tumor (carcinoma) and its precursor are subjected to molecular pathological analyses. KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA oncogene mutations, microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and LINE-1 methylation are commonly examined tumor biomarkers. Future opportunities include interrogation of comprehensive genomic, epigenomic, or panomic datasets, and the adoption of in vivo pathology techniques. Considering the colorectal continuum hypothesis and emerging roles of gut microbiota and host immunity in tumorigenesis, detailed information on tumor location is important. There are unique strengths and caveats, especially with regard to case ascertainment by colonoscopy. The MPE of colorectal premalignant lesions can identify etiologic exposures associated with neoplastic initiation and progression, help us better understand colorectal carcinogenesis, and facilitate personalized prevention, screening, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lochhead
- 1] Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK [2] The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrew T Chan
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- 1] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael O'Brien
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Li J, Yin LL, Su KL, Zhang GF, Wang J. Concomitant depletion of PTEN and p27 and overexpression of cyclin D1 may predict a worse prognosis for patients with post-operative stage II and III colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1543-1550. [PMID: 25202365 PMCID: PMC4156215 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been fully investigated. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), p27 and Cyclin D1 play significant roles in tumorigenesis and cell cycle regulation, and therefore require evaluation for their prognostic value in this disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the single and combined expression of PTEN, p27 and Cyclin D1 in CRC patients. Protein expression levels of PTEN, p27 and Cyclin D1 were examined by immunohistochemistry from 61 patients with CRC in either stage II or III. In the CRC tissues, the frequencies of PTEN(−), p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) expression were 42.62% (26/61), 32.79% (20/61) and 45.90% (28/61), respectively. Depletion of PTEN and p27 was more common with respect to stage III, low grade and lymph node metastasis compared with stage II, moderate grade and no lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Cyclin D1-positive expression was frequently detected in CRC of stage III, with lymph node metastasis and deeper invasion (P<0.05). The depletion of PTEN was significantly correlated with the loss of p27 (P<0.001) and with the increased expression of Cyclin D1 (P<0.001). PTEN(−) and/or p27(−) expression was significantly correlated with Cyclin D1(+) expression (P<0.05). Combined PTEN(−)/p27(−)/Cyclin D1(+) expression was correlated with a significant decrease in overall survival time (P<0.05). Combined p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) expression indicated a worse overall survival time than other combined expression patterns. These findings indicate that the single expression of PTEN(−), p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) and the combined detection of p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) may be used as prognostic markers for overall survival time in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Yin
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Li Su
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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Wang DQ, Wang K, Yan DW, Liu J, Wang B, Li MX, Wang XW, Liu J, Peng ZH, Li GX, Yu ZH. Ciz1 is a novel predictor of survival in human colon cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:862-870. [PMID: 24928862 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213520113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cip1-interacting zinc-finger protein1 (Ciz1) is a nuclear matrix protein associated DNA replication factor which has been implicated in breast and lung cancer progression. However, the clinical significance of Ciz1 expression in colon cancer has not been determined. This study aimed to examine Ciz1 expression pattern and its potential as a biomarker of prognosis in colon cancer. Using quantitative PCR, tissue microarray (TMA), and ELISA, we evaluated Ciz1 mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues from patients with colon cancer and in paired adjacent normal tissues. Ciz1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in 22 of 39 paired samples (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry on TMA-containing samples from 203 colon cancer patients indicated that Ciz1 protein expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (Stuart-Maxwell test, P < 0.001). Elevated expression of Ciz1 protein was significantly correlated with T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.005), M stage (P = 0.021), and AJCC stage (P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox proportion hazard model analysis revealed that Ciz1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for overall time (OS; hazard ratio (HR): 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.98; P = 0.034) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.14-3.58; P = 0.017) of patients with colon cancer after colectomy. Our data suggested that Ciz1 may be involved in colon cancer progression and could serve as a novel predictor of survival for colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 West Dongchang Road, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Dong-Wang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ming-Xue Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, 522 Yellow River Road, Binzhou 256603, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 70 Peace Road, Weihai 264200, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Guang-Xin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hai Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
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Guo R, Overman M, Chatterjee D, Rashid A, Shroff S, Wang H, Katz MH, Fleming JB, Varadhachary GR, Abbruzzese JL, Wang H. Aberrant expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 and their clinicopathological correlation in ampullary adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1015-23. [PMID: 24746206 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the molecular alterations in ampullary adenocarcinoma (AA) are limited, and little is known about their clinical implications. The objective of this study is to examine the expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 and their clinical significance in patients with AA. Tissue microarrays were constructed using archival tissue from 92 patients with AA who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. Each tumor was sampled in triplicate with a 1.0-mm punch from representative areas. The expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the staining results were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. Among 92 cases studied, overexpression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 was observed in 58.7%, 39.2%, 71.7%, and 5.4% of tumors, respectively. Patients whose tumor showed high level of cyclin D1 expression had higher risk of disease recurrence (P = .02) and worse recurrence-free and overall survivals after pancreaticoduodenectomy than did those with no or low cyclin D1 expression (P = .027 and P = .02, respectively). In multivariate analysis, cyclin D1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence-free and overall survival (P < .05). However, there was no significant correlation between p53, p21, or Bcl2 expression and survival (P > .05). Our study showed that p53, p21, and cyclin D1, but not Bcl2, are frequently overexpressed in AAs. Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with increased risk of disease recurrence and worse survival in patients with AA after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Stuti Shroff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gauri R Varadhachary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James L Abbruzzese
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.
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Prognostic significance of cyclin D1 expression in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94508. [PMID: 24728073 PMCID: PMC3984178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cyclin D1 plays a vital role in cancer cell cycle progression and is overexpressed in many human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic value of cyclin D1 overexpression in colorectal cancer is conflicting and heterogeneous. We conducted a meta-analysis to more precisely evaluate its prognostic significance. Methods A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies published up to January 2014 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to estimate the effects. Results 22 studies with 4150 CRC patients were selected to evaluate the association between cyclin D1 and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and clinicopathological parameters. In a random-effects model, the results showed that cyclin D1 overexpression in CRC was significantly associated with both poor OS (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63–0.85, P<0.001) and DFS (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44–0.82, P = 0.001). Additionally, cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with more relative older patients (≥60 years) (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44–0.89, P = 0.009), T3,4 tumor invasion (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.85, P<0.001), N positive (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.95, P = 0.016) and distant metastasis (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36–0.99, P = 0.047) of CRC. Conclusion The meta-analysis results indicated that cyclin D1 is an unfavorable prognostic factor for CRC. Cyclin D1 overexpression might be associated with poor clinical outcome and some clinicopathological factors such as age, T category, N category and distant metastasis in CRC patients.
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Demir L, Ekinci N, Erten C, Somali I, Can A, Dirican A, Cokmert S, Bayoglu V, Akyol M, Kucukzeybek Y, Alacacioglu A, Tarhan MO. The impact of cell proliferation markers and p53 mutation status on prognosis of non-metastatic colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109:665-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutfiye Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
- Department of Basic Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty; Izmir Turkey
| | - Nese Ekinci
- Department of Pathology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Cigdem Erten
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Isil Somali
- Department of Medical Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty; Izmir Turkey
| | - Alper Can
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dirican
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Suna Cokmert
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Vedat Bayoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Murat Akyol
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Yuksel Kucukzeybek
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alacacioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oktay Tarhan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Ataturk Training and Resarch Hospital; Katip Celebi University; Izmir Turkey
- Department of Preventive Oncology; Institute of Oncology; Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty; Izmir Turkey
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Goos JACM, Coupe VMH, Diosdado B, Delis-Van Diemen PM, Karga C, Beliën JAM, Carvalho B, van den Tol MP, Verheul HMW, Geldof AA, Meijer GA, Hoekstra OS, Fijneman RJA. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) expression in colorectal cancer liver metastasis is associated with poor prognosis. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2445-52. [PMID: 24104968 PMCID: PMC3817339 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Five-year survival after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLCM) is <30%. We recently found that aurora kinase A (AURKA) drives 20q gain-associated tumour progression and is associated with disease recurrence. This study evaluates the prognostic value of AURKA expression in CRCLM of patients who underwent liver resection. Methods: Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were generated using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRCLM and matched primary tumour from a multi-institutional cohort of patients with CRCLM who underwent liver resection between 1990 and 2010. Tissue microarrays were stained for AURKA using immunohistochemistry, and a hazard rate ratio (HRR) for the association between overall survival (OS) and nuclear AURKA expression in CRCLM was calculated. Results were validated by 500-fold cross-validation. Results: The expression of AURKA was evaluated in CRCLM of 343 patients. High AURKA expression was associated with poor OS (HRR 1.55, P<0.01), with a cross-validated average HRR of 1.57 (P=0.02). Average HRR was adjusted for the established prognostic clinicopathological variables in a multivariate analysis (average HRR 1.66; P=0.02). The expression of AURKA in CRCLM was correlated to its expression in corresponding primary tumour (P<0.01). Conclusion: The expression of AURKA protein is a molecular biomarker with prognostic value for patients with CRCLM, independent of established clinicopathological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C M Goos
- 1] Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam HV 1081, The Netherlands [2] Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam HV 1081, The Netherlands
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Dominguez-Valentin M, Therkildsen C, Veerla S, Jönsson M, Bernstein I, Borg A, Nilbert M. Distinct gene expression signatures in lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type x. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71755. [PMID: 23951239 PMCID: PMC3741139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heredity is estimated to cause at least 20% of colorectal cancer. The hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer subset is divided into Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) based on presence of mismatch repair (MMR) gene defects. Purpose We addressed the gene expression signatures in colorectal cancer linked to Lynch syndrome and FCCTX with the aim to identify candidate genes and to map signaling pathways relevant in hereditary colorectal carcinogenesis. Experimental design The 18 k whole-genome c-DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation (WG-DASL) assay was applied to 123 colorectal cancers, including 39 Lynch syndrome tumors and 37 FCCTX tumors. Target genes were technically validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the expression signature was validated in independent datasets. Results Colorectal cancers linked to Lynch syndrome and FCCTX showed distinct gene expression profiles, which by significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) differed by 2188 genes. Functional pathways involved were related to G-protein coupled receptor signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle function and mitosis. qRT-PCR verified altered expression of the selected genes NDUFA9, AXIN2, MYC, DNA2 and H2AFZ. Application of the 2188-gene signature to independent datasets showed strong correlation to MMR status. Conclusion Distinct genetic profiles and deregulation of different canonical pathways apply to Lynch syndrome and FCCTX and key targets herein may be relevant to pursue for refined diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in hereditary colorectal cancer.
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Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:465-84. [PMID: 23307060 PMCID: PMC3637979 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics acts as an interface between environmental/exogenous factors, cellular responses, and pathological processes. Aberrant epigenetic signatures are a hallmark of complex multifactorial diseases (including neoplasms and malignancies such as leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and breast, lung, prostate, liver, and colorectal cancers). Epigenetic signatures (DNA methylation, mRNA and microRNA expression, etc) may serve as biomarkers for risk stratification, early detection, and disease classification, as well as targets for therapy and chemoprevention. In particular, DNA methylation assays are widely applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue specimens as clinical pathology tests. To better understand the interplay between etiological factors, cellular molecular characteristics, and disease evolution, the field of 'molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE)' has emerged as an interdisciplinary integration of 'molecular pathology' and 'epidemiology'. In contrast to traditional epidemiological research including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), MPE is founded on the unique disease principle, that is, each disease process results from unique profiles of exposomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, microbiomes, and interactomes in relation to the macroenvironment and tissue microenvironment. MPE may represent a logical evolution of GWAS, termed 'GWAS-MPE approach'. Although epigenome-wide association study attracts increasing attention, currently, it has a fundamental problem in that each cell within one individual has a unique, time-varying epigenome. Having a similar conceptual framework to systems biology, the holistic MPE approach enables us to link potential etiological factors to specific molecular pathology, and gain novel pathogenic insights on causality. The widespread application of epigenome (eg, methylome) analyses will enhance our understanding of disease heterogeneity, epigenotypes (CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide element-1; also called long interspersed nuclear element-1; long interspersed element-1; L1) hypomethylation, etc), and host-disease interactions. In this article, we illustrate increasing contribution of modern pathology to broader public health sciences, which attests pivotal roles of pathologists in the new integrated MPE science towards our ultimate goal of personalized medicine and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Nikonova AS, Astsaturov I, Serebriiskii IG, Dunbrack RL, Golemis EA. Aurora A kinase (AURKA) in normal and pathological cell division. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:661-87. [PMID: 22864622 PMCID: PMC3607959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Temporally and spatially controlled activation of the Aurora A kinase (AURKA) regulates centrosome maturation, entry into mitosis, formation and function of the bipolar spindle, and cytokinesis. Genetic amplification and mRNA and protein overexpression of Aurora A are common in many types of solid tumor, and associated with aneuploidy, supernumerary centrosomes, defective mitotic spindles, and resistance to apoptosis. These properties have led Aurora A to be considered a high-value target for development of cancer therapeutics, with multiple agents currently in early-phase clinical trials. More recently, identification of additional, non-mitotic functions and means of activation of Aurora A during interphase neurite elongation and ciliary resorption have significantly expanded our understanding of its function, and may offer insights into the clinical performance of Aurora A inhibitors. Here we review the mitotic and non-mitotic functions of Aurora A, discuss Aurora A regulation in the context of protein structural information, and evaluate progress in understanding and inhibiting Aurora A in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Nikonova
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Ilya G. Serebriiskii
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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Coffee polyphenols change the expression of STAT5B and ATF-2 modifying cyclin D1 levels in cancer cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:390385. [PMID: 22919439 PMCID: PMC3424007 DOI: 10.1155/2012/390385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background. Epidemiological studies suggest that coffee consumption reduces the risk of cancer, but the molecular mechanisms of its chemopreventive effects remain unknown. Objective. To identify differentially expressed genes upon incubation of HT29 colon cancer cells with instant caffeinated coffee (ICC) or caffeic acid (CA) using whole-genome microarrays. Results. ICC incubation of HT29 cells caused the overexpression of 57 genes and the underexpression of 161, while CA incubation induced the overexpression of 12 genes and the underexpression of 32. Using Venn-Diagrams, we built a list of five overexpressed genes and twelve underexpressed genes in common between the two experimental conditions. This list was used to generate a biological association network in which STAT5B and ATF-2 appeared as highly interconnected nodes. STAT5B overexpression was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. For ATF-2, the changes in mRNA levels were confirmed for both ICC and CA, whereas the decrease in protein levels was only observed in CA-treated cells. The levels of cyclin D1, a target gene for both STAT5B and ATF-2, were downregulated by CA in colon cancer cells and by ICC and CA in breast cancer cells. Conclusions. Coffee polyphenols are able to affect cyclin D1 expression in cancer cells through the modulation of STAT5B and ATF-2.
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