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Boemi I, Piccini S, Colombo FS, Smiroldo V, Zerbi A, Capretti G, Alloisio M, Trivellin G, Lavezzi E, Mazziotti G, Vitali E, Lania AG. Alteration of the immunophenotype and cytokine profiles in patients affected by neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocrine 2024; 83:810-823. [PMID: 37845576 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are tumors that arise from cells of the endocrine system and are most common in the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the lungs. Their incidence is rapidly increasing and the therapeutic options available are limited. METHODS Since the immune system can interfere with tumor growth and response to therapy, using flow cytometry we investigated the immunophenotype in samples of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with pancreatic (Pan-NENs) and pulmonary NENs (Lung-NENs). Moreover, we performed a multiplex analysis of 13 key cytokines and growth factors essential for the immune response in the plasma of NEN patients and controls. RESULTS Patients presented with a higher percentage of granulocytes, a lower percentage of lymphocytes, and an increase in the granulocytes to lymphocytes ratio compared to healthy donors. These alterations were more marked in patients with metastasis. Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) restored the immunophenotype of patients to that seen in healthy donors. Finally, Pan-NEN patients showed a higher plasma concentration of IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-8 compared to healthy donors, suggesting a potential role for these cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers. CONCLUSION This study highlighted differences in the immunophenotype of patients with Pan- and Lung-NENs compared to healthy individuals; these alterations were partially restored by therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilena Boemi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Sara Piccini
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federico S Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Core, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Valeria Smiroldo
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Pancreas Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Pancreas Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Trivellin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lavezzi
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vitali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Andrea G Lania
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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Orsatti CL, Orsatti FL, de Souza JPEA, Nahas EAP. Impact of vitamin D supplementation on modulating heat-shock proteins in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Menopause 2023; 30:758-765. [PMID: 37220771 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on serum heat-shock proteins (HSP) in postmenopausal women (PW). METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 PW aged 45 to 65 years with amenorrhea 12 months or more were randomized into two groups: 80 PW in VitD group (oral supplementation with 1,000 IU VitD 3 /d) or 80 PW in placebo group. The PW were assessed at baseline and after 10 months of intervention. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyVitD (25[OH]D) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. HSP27/pS78/pS82, HSP27/total, HSP60, HSP70/72, and HSP90α levels were assessed in serum using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. RESULTS HSP27 (pS78/pS82 [ P < 0.035] and total [ P < 0.001]) levels increased in the supplemented group when compared with the control group. There was no effect of VitD supplementation on HSP60, HSP70/72, and HSP90α levels. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation increases serum HSP27 level in PW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNEr), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Isolated vitamin D supplementation improves the adipokine profile of postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. Menopause 2023; 30:56-62. [PMID: 36256949 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation alone on the adipokine profile of postmenopausal women. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 160 women were randomized to 2 groups: oral supplementation with 1,000 IU cholecalciferol/d (vitamin D, n = 80) or placebo (PL, n = 80). Women with amenorrhea 12 months or more and aged 50 to 65 years were included. Women with established cardiovascular disease, insulin-dependent diabetes, renal failure, liver diseases, and previous use of menopausal hormone therapy and vitamin D were excluded. The intervention lasted 9 months and serum adiponectin, resistin, and adipsin levels were determined at the start and end of treatment. Intention to treat was adopted as the statistical method using a repeated measures design, followed by Wald's multiple comparison test adjusted for group × time interaction. RESULTS After 9 months, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations increased from 15.0 ± 7.5 to 27.5 ± 10.4 ng/mL (+45.4%) in the vitamin D group and decreased from 16.9 ± 6. to 13.8 ± 6.0 ng/mL (-18.5%) in the PL group ( P < 0.001). In the vitamin D group, there was an increase in adiponectin (+18.6%) and a decrease in resistin (-32.4%, P < 0.05). At the end point, a difference was observed between the PL and vitamin D groups in mean adiponectin and resistin levels (11.5 ± 5.5 vs 18.5 ± 21.8 ng/mL, P = 0.047, and 16.5 ± 3.5 vs 11.7 ± 3.3 ng/mL, P = 0.027, respectively). There were no significant intervention effects on serum adipsin levels. CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation with 1,000 IU of vitamin D alone was associated with an increase in adiponectin and a decrease in resistin, suggesting a beneficial effect on the adipokine profile of postmenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency.
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Niu Y, Chen Y, Sun P, Wang Y, Luo J, Ding Y, Xie W. Intragastric and atomized administration of canagliflozin inhibit inflammatory cytokine storm in lipopolysaccharide-treated sepsis in mice: A potential COVID-19 treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107773. [PMID: 34020392 PMCID: PMC8106881 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To date, drugs to attenuate cytokine storm in severe cases of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not available. In this study, we investigated the effects of intragastric and atomized administration of canagliflozin (CAN) on cytokine storm in lung tissues of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mice. Results showed that intragastric administration of CAN significantly and widely inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues of LPS-induced sepsis mice. Simultaneously, intragastric administration of CAN significantly improved inflammatory pathological changes of lung tissues. Atomized administration of CAN also exhibited similar effects in LPS-induced sepsis mice. Furthermore, CAN significantly inhibited hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) protein levels in LPS-treated lung tissues. These results indicated that CAN might attenuate cytokine storm and reduce the inflammatory symptoms in critical cases in COVID-19. Its action mechanism might involve the regulation of HIF-1α and glycolysis in vivo. However, further studies about clinical application and mechanism analysis should be validated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyun Niu
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yipei Ding
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Teras J, Carr MJ, Zager JS, Kroon HM. Molecular Aspects of the Isolated Limb Infusion Procedure. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020163. [PMID: 33562337 PMCID: PMC7915579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, isolated limb infusion (ILI) and hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) have been used to treat melanoma in-transit metastases and unresectable sarcoma confined to the limb utilizing the effect of loco-regional high-dose chemotherapy to the isolated limb. Both procedures are able to provide high response rates in patients with numerous or bulky lesions in whom other loco-regional treatments are becoming ineffective. In comparison to systemic therapies, on the other hand, ILI and HILP have the advantage of not being associated with systemic side-effects. Although in principle ILI and HILP are similar procedures, ILI is technically simpler to perform and differs from HILP in that it takes advantage of the hypoxic and acidotic environment that develops in the isolated limb, potentiating anti-tumour activity of the cytotoxic agents melphalan +/− actinomycin-D. Due to its simplicity, ILI can be used in both preclinical and clinical studies to test new cytotoxic regimens and combinations with the aim to overcome tumour resistance. In the future, administration of cytotoxic agents by ILI, in combination with systemic treatments such as BRAF/MEK/KIT inhibitors, immunotherapy (CTLA-4 blockade), and/or programmed death (PD-1) pathway inhibitors, has the potential to improve responses further by inducing increased tumour cell death while limiting the ability of the tumour to suppress the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jüri Teras
- Department of Surgical Oncology, North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
- Tallinn University of Technology, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michael J. Carr
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.J.C.); (J.S.Z.)
| | - Jonathan S. Zager
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.J.C.); (J.S.Z.)
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hidde M. Kroon
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-7074-2163
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Carr MJ, Sun J, Kroon HM, Miura JT, Beasley GM, Farrow NE, Mosca PJ, Lowe MC, Farley CR, Kim Y, Naqvi SMH, Kirichenko DA, Potdar A, Daou H, Mullen D, Farma JM, Henderson MA, Speakman D, Serpell J, Delman KA, Smithers BM, Coventry BJ, Tyler DS, Thompson JF, Zager JS. Oncologic Outcomes After Isolated Limb Infusion for Advanced Melanoma: An International Comparison of the Procedure and Outcomes Between the United States and Australia. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:5107-5118. [PMID: 32918177 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated limb infusion (ILI) is a minimally invasive procedure for delivering high-dose chemotherapy to extremities affected by locally advanced or in-transit melanoma. This study compared the outcomes of melanoma patients treated with ILI in the United States of America (USA) and Australia (AUS). METHODS Patients with locally recurrent in-transit melanoma treated with ILI at USA or AUS centers between 1992 and 2018 were identified. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were collected. Primary outcomes of treatment response, in-field progression-free survival (IPFS), distant progression-free survival (DPFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable analysis evaluated whether availability of new systemic therapies affected outcomes. RESULTS More ILIs were performed in AUS (n = 411, 60 %) than in the USA (n = 276, 40 %). In AUS, more ILIs were performed for stage 3B disease than in the USA (62 % vs 46 %; p < 0.001). The reported complete response rates were similar (AUS 30 % vs USA 29 %). Among the stage 3B patients, AUS patients had better IPFS (p = 0.001), whereas DPFS and OS were similar between the two countries. Among the stage 3C patients, the USA patients had better OS (p < 0.001), whereas IPFS and DPFS were similar. Availability of new systemic therapies did not affect IPFS or DPFS in either country. However, the USA patients who received ILI after ipilimumab approval in 2011 had significantly improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.62; p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS AUS patients were treated at an earlier disease stage than the USA patients with better IPFS for stage 3B disease. The USA patients treated after the availability of new systemic therapies had a better OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Carr
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James Sun
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hidde M Kroon
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John T Miura
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Paul J Mosca
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Lowe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clara R Farley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Dennis A Kirichenko
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aishwarya Potdar
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hala Daou
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dean Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Farma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Henderson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Speakman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Serpell
- Discipline of Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith A Delman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - B Mark Smithers
- Queensland Melanoma Project, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brendon J Coventry
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas S Tyler
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Zager
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Da-Cheng-Qi-Tang Ameliorates Impaired Gastrointestinal Motility and Intestinal Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Ileus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9074069. [PMID: 32802139 PMCID: PMC7415087 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9074069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine with the formula Da-Cheng-Qi-Tang (T-DCQT) and a modified Da-Cheng-Qi-Tang (M-DCQT) in a postoperative ileus (POI) mouse model. POI was induced via small bowel manipulation, and T-DCQT or M-DCQT was given by enema. The intestinal motility was measured with a charcoal mixture gavage. The intestinal tissues were collected for further studies by histopathological, qPCR, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blotting. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood were determined using a high-throughput liquid chip. We found that gastrointestinal dysfunction was alleviated after administration of either a T-DCQT or M-DCQT enema. Increased expression of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and TLR4 in the intestinal tissues of POI mice were reversed following treatment. IL-1α, IL-6, MIP-1β, and IL-17 levels were significantly reduced at 24 h and 48 h following treatment, while the MCP-1 level was only observed to be reduced at 24 h after the treatment. Furthermore, compared with the T-DCQT effect, M-DCQT treatment was more effective in alleviating the increased IL-6, MIP-1β, and IL-1α levels. So, we draw a conclusion that T-DCQT or M-DCOT could ameliorate the POI-associated inflammatory response and improve GI motility in a POI mouse model.
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Isolated vitamin D supplementation improves the immune-inflammatory biomarkers in younger postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2019; 25:897-903. [PMID: 29738417 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on immune-inflammatory biomarkers in younger postmenopausal women. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years with amenorrhea ≥12 months were randomized into two groups: VitD group, oral supplementation with 1000 IU VitD3/day (n = 80) or placebo group (n = 80). The intervention time was 9 months, and the women were assessed at baseline and endpoint. Serum levels of interleukins (ILs)-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12ρ70, IL-17α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma were determined by immunoassay. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Per-protocol analysis was adopted as the statistical method using a gamma distribution and repeated measures design, followed by Wald's multiple comparisons test. RESULTS The two groups were similar at baseline in terms of clinical and laboratory parameters. After 9 months, there was a significant increase of 25(OH)D levels in the VitD group (+45.4%, P < 0.001) and a decrease (-18.5%, P = 0.049) in the placebo group. A significant decrease in IL-5, IL-12p70, IL-17α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma levels was observed in the VitD group (P < 0.05). IL-5 and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the VitD group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). There were no significant intervention effects on serum IL-1β or IL-10 levels in either group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In younger postmenopausal women, isolated supplementation with 1000 IU of VitD3 for 9 months was associated with a reduction in proinflammatory biomarkers.
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Kupcova Skalnikova H, Cizkova J, Cervenka J, Vodicka P. Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2697. [PMID: 29236046 PMCID: PMC5751298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer with permanently increasing incidence and resistance to therapies in advanced stages. Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. Cytokines are key factors regulating immune response and intercellular communication in tumour microenvironment. Cytokines may be used in therapy of melanoma to modulate immune response. Cytokines also possess diagnostic and prognostic potential and cytokine production may reflect effects of immunotherapies. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent advances in proteomic techniques for the detection and quantification of cytokines in melanoma research. Approaches covered span from mass spectrometry to immunoassays for single molecule detection (ELISA, western blot), multiplex assays (chemiluminescent, bead-based (Luminex) and planar antibody arrays), ultrasensitive techniques (Singulex, Simoa, immuno-PCR, proximity ligation/extension assay, immunomagnetic reduction assay), to analyses of single cells producing cytokines (ELISpot, flow cytometry, mass cytometry and emerging techniques for single cell secretomics). Although this review is focused mainly on cancer and particularly melanoma, the discussed techniques are in general applicable to broad research field of biology and medicine, including stem cells, development, aging, immunology and intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Cervenka
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12843 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
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Surcel M, Constantin C, Caruntu C, Zurac S, Neagu M. Inflammatory Cytokine Pattern Is Sex-Dependent in Mouse Cutaneous Melanoma Experimental Model. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:9212134. [PMID: 29318162 PMCID: PMC5727748 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9212134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the evaluation of inflammatory cytokines in mouse cutaneous melanoma experimental model, as markers of disease evolution. Moreover, to test our experimental model, we have used low doses of dacarbazine (DTIC). C57 BL/6J mouse of both sexes were subjected to experimental cutaneous melanoma and treated with low doses of DTIC. Clinical parameters and serum cytokines were followed during tumor evolution and during DTIC therapy. Cytokine/chemokine pattern was assessed using xMAP technology and the following molecules were quantified: interleukins (IL)-1-beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), interferon (IFN)-gamma, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC). Significant differences were found between normal females and males mice, female mice having a statistically higher serum concentration of IL-1-beta compared to male mice, while males have a significantly higher concentration of MIP-1-alpha. During melanoma evolution in the female group, IL-1-beta, MIP-1-alpha, and KC circulatory levels were found 10-fold increased, while other cytokines doubled their values. In the male mice group, only circulatory KC increased 4 times, while IL-1-beta and TNF-alpha doubled their circulatory values. Various serum cytokines correlated with the disease evolution in cutaneous melanoma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina University Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Blv., 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- “Carol Davila” University of Pharmacy and Medicine, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Colentina University Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Blv., 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Pharmacy and Medicine, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina University Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Blv., 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Serum Cytokinome Profile Evaluation: A Tool to Define New Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Cancer Using Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3064643. [PMID: 28050120 PMCID: PMC5168457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3064643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers are focusing their attention on the link between inflammation and cancer. The inflammation is involved in the tumor development and suppression, by stimulating the immune response. In particular, the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer produces angiogenic and growth factors able to repair the tissue and to promote cancer cell survival, implantation, and growth. In this contest, the cytokines contribute to the development of these processes becoming active before and during the inflammatory process and playing an important function at the various disease levels. Thus, these proteins can represent specific markers of tumor development and progression. Therefore the "cytokinome" term is used to indicate the evaluation of cytokine pattern by using an "omics" approach. Newly, specific protein chips of considerable and improved sensitivity are being developed to determine simultaneously several and different cytokines. This can be achieved by a multiplex technology that, through the use of small amounts of serum or other fluids, is used to determine the presence and the levels of underrepresented cytokines. Since this method is an accurate, sensitive, and reproducible cytokine assay, it is already used in many different studies. Thus, this review focuses on the more latest aspects related to cytokinome profile evaluation in different cancers.
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12
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Abstract
Prior to the recent therapeutic advances, chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment options for advanced-stage melanoma. A number of studies have investigated various chemotherapy combinations in order to expand on the clinical responses achieved with single-agent dacarbazine, but these have not demonstrated an improvement in overall survival. Similar objective responses were observed with the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel as were seen with single-agent dacarbazine. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, known as biochemo-therapy, has shown high clinical responses; however, biochemo-therapy has not been shown to improve overall survival and resulted in increased toxicities. In contrast, palliation and long-term responses have been observed with localized treatment with isolated limb perfusion or infusion in limb-isolated disease. Although new, improved therapeutic options exist for first-line management of advanced-stage melanoma, chemotherapy may still be important in the palliative treatment of refractory, progressive, and relapsed melanoma. We review the various chemotherapy options available for use in the treatment and palliation of advanced-stage melanoma, discuss the important clinical trials supporting the treatment recommendations, and focus on the clinical circumstances in which treatment with chemotherapy is useful.
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13
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Tarhini AA, Zahoor H, Lin Y, Malhotra U, Sander C, Butterfield LH, Kirkwood JM. Baseline circulating IL-17 predicts toxicity while TGF-β1 and IL-10 are prognostic of relapse in ipilimumab neoadjuvant therapy of melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:39. [PMID: 26380086 PMCID: PMC4570556 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated candidate circulating serum cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in patients with locally/regionally advanced melanoma receiving neoadjuvant ipilimumab with toxicity and clinical outcome. Methods Patients were treated with ipilimumab (10 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks, 2 doses) before and after surgery. xMAP multiplex serum testing for 36 functionally selected cytokines and chemokines was performed at baseline and at six weeks (following ipilimumab). Based on our prior data, the association of IL-17 and immune related colitis was tested. Serum cytokines were divided into functional groups (Th1, Th2, Regulatory, Proinflammatory) and were assessed at baseline and week 6 using sparse-group Lasso modeling to assess the association of various cytokine groups with progression free survival (PFS). The linear combination of the cytokines/chemokines in this model was then used as a risk score and a Kaplan-Meier curve was generated to examine the association of the dichotomized score and PFS. Results Thirty-five patients were enrolled whose staging was: IIIB (3; N2b), IIIC (30; N2c, N3), IV (2). Median follow-up was 18 months. Among 33 evaluable patients, median PFS was 11 months (95 % CI = 6.2–19.2). IL-17 was found to correlate significantly with the incidence of grade 3 diarrhea/colitis when measured at baseline (p = 0.02) with a trend towards significance at 6 weeks (p = 0.06). In the modeling analysis, at baseline, the linear combination of 2 regulatory cytokines [TGF- β1 (ρ = 0.19) and IL-10 (ρ = -0.34)] was significantly associated with PFS (HR 2.66; p = 0.035). No significant correlations with clinical outcomes were found in examining the week 6 cytokines. Conclusions Baseline IL-17 level was significantly associated with the later development of severe diarrhea/colitis while the combination of baseline TGF- β1 and IL-10 levels were associated with therapeutic clinical outcome after neoadjuvant ipilimumab. These findings warrant further investigation and validation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00972933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Tarhini
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Haris Zahoor
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Yan Lin
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Usha Malhotra
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
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14
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Dudek-Perić AM, Ferreira GB, Muchowicz A, Wouters J, Prada N, Martin S, Kiviluoto S, Winiarska M, Boon L, Mathieu C, van den Oord J, Stas M, Gougeon ML, Golab J, Garg AD, Agostinis P. Antitumor immunity triggered by melphalan is potentiated by melanoma cell surface-associated calreticulin. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1603-14. [PMID: 25762540 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy generally has been considered immunosuppressive, but it has become evident that certain chemotherapeutic drugs elicit immunogenic danger signals in dying cancer cells that can incite protective antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated whether locoregionally applied therapies, such as melphalan, used in limb perfusion for melanoma (Mel-ILP) produce related immunogenic effects. In human melanoma biopsies, Mel-ILP treatment upregulated IL1B, IL8, and IL6 associated with their release in patients' locoregional sera. Although induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by melphalan in vitro did not elicit threshold levels of endoplasmic reticulum and reactive oxygen species stress associated with danger signals, such as induction of cell-surface calreticulin, prophylactic immunization and T-cell depletion experiments showed that melphalan administration in vivo could stimulate a CD8(+) T cell-dependent protective antitumor response. Interestingly, the vaccination effect was potentiated in combination with exogenous calreticulin, but not tumor necrosis factor, a cytokine often combined with Mel-ILP. Our results illustrate how melphalan triggers inflammatory cell death that can be leveraged by immunomodulators such as the danger signal calreticulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Dudek-Perić
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jasper Wouters
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Prada
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shaun Martin
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marguerite Stas
- Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lise Gougeon
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Beasley GM, Speicher P, Augustine CK, Dolber PC, Peterson BL, Sharma K, Mosca PJ, Royal R, Ross M, Zager JS, Tyler DS. A multicenter phase I dose escalation trial to evaluate safety and tolerability of intra-arterial temozolomide for patients with advanced extremity melanoma using normothermic isolated limb infusion. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 22:287-94. [PMID: 25145500 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-phenylalanine mustard (LPAM) has been the standard for use in regional chemotherapy (RC) for unresectable in-transit melanoma. Preclinical data demonstrated that regional temozolomide (TMZ) may be more effective. METHODS Patients with AJCC Stage IIIB or IIIC extremity melanoma who failed previous LPAM-based RC were treated with TMZ via isolated limb infusion (ILI) according to a modified accelerated titration design. Drug pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis, tumor gene expression, methylation status of the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, and MGMT expression were evaluated. Primary objectives were to (1) determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TMZ via ILI and (2) explore biomarker correlates of response. RESULTS 28 patients completed treatment over 2.5 years at 3 institutions. 19 patients were treated at the MTD defined as 3,200 mg/m(2) [multiplied by 0.09 (arm), 0.18 (leg)]. Two of five patients had DLTs at the 3,600 mg/m(2) level while only grade 1 (n = 15) and grade 2 (n = 4) clinical toxicities occurred at the MTD. At 3-month post-ILI, 10.5 % (2/19) had CR, 5.3 % (1/19) had PR, 15.8 % (3/19) had SD, and 68.4 % (13/19) had PD. Neither PK parameters of TMZ nor MGMT levels were associated with response or toxicity. CONCLUSION In this first ever use of intra-arterial TMZ in ILI for melanoma, the MTD was determined. While we could not define a marker for TMZ response, the minimal toxicity of TMZ ILI may allow for repeated treatments to increase the response rate as well as clarify the role of MGMT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,
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16
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Jiang BS, Beasley GM, Speicher PJ, Mosca PJ, Morse MA, Hanks B, Salama A, Tyler DS. Immunotherapy following regional chemotherapy treatment of advanced extremity melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:2525-31. [PMID: 24700302 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Following regional chemotherapy (RC) for melanoma, approximately 75 % of patients will progress. The role of immunotherapy after RC has not been well established. METHODS A prospective, single-institution database of 243 patients with in-transit melanoma (1995-2013) was queried for patients who had progression of disease after RC with melphalan and subsequently received systemic immunotherapy. Fifteen patients received IL-2 only, 12 received ipilimumab only, and 6 received IL-2 followed by ipilimumab. Fisher's exact test was used to determine if there was a difference in number of complete responders after immunotherapy. RESULTS With IL-2 alone, all patients progressed. After ipilimumab alone, three patients had a complete response and nine had progressive disease. Six additional patients received IL-2 first then ipilimumab. All six progressed on IL-2 but three went on to have a complete response to ipilimumab while three progressed. The use of ipilimumab at any time in patients who progressed after RC was associated with higher rate of complete response compared to use of IL-2 alone (33 vs. 0 %; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Patients with progression after regional therapy for melanoma may benefit from immunologic therapy. In this group of patients, immune checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab has a higher complete response rate than T cell stimulation with IL-2, with no complete responders in the IL-2 only group. Furthermore, the complete response rate for ipilimumab in our cohort is higher than reported response rates in the literature for ipilimumab alone, suggesting that the effects of immunotherapy may be bolstered by previous regional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Steinman J, Ariyan C, Rafferty B, Brady MS. Factors associated with response, survival, and limb salvage in patients undergoing isolated limb infusion. J Surg Oncol 2013; 109:405-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Steinman
- Department of Surgery; Gastric, Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York
| | - Charlotte Ariyan
- Department of Surgery; Gastric, Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York
| | - Brian Rafferty
- Department of Surgery; Gastric, Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York
| | - Mary S. Brady
- Department of Surgery; Gastric, Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York
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18
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Lidsky ME, Speicher PJ, Jiang B, Tsutsui M, Tyler DS. Isolated limb infusion as a model to test new agents to treat metastatic melanoma. J Surg Oncol 2013; 109:357-65. [PMID: 24522940 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The limb model of in-transit disease can expand our understanding of treating melanoma because of the ease of obtaining tissue biopsies for correlative studies and the availability of preclinical animal models that allow validation of novel therapeutic strategies. This review will focus on regional therapy for in-transit melanoma as a platform to investigate novel therapeutic approaches to improve regional disease control, and help us develop insights to more rationally design systemic therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Lidsky
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Gamblin TC, Alexander HR, Edwards R, Bartlett DL. Regional therapies for cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:1053-5. [PMID: 23456388 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-2873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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