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Song Y, Na H, Lee SE, Kim YM, Moon J, Nam TW, Ji Y, Jin Y, Park JH, Cho SC, Lee J, Hwang D, Ha SJ, Park HW, Kim JB, Lee HW. Dysfunctional adipocytes promote tumor progression through YAP/TAZ-dependent cancer-associated adipocyte transformation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4052. [PMID: 38744820 PMCID: PMC11094189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a prominent risk factor for the development of malignant tumors. However, the existing literature on the role of adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to elucidate the correlation between obesity and cancer remains insufficient. Here, we aim to investigate the formation of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) and their contribution to tumor growth using mouse models harboring dysfunctional adipocytes. Specifically, we employ adipocyte-specific BECN1 KO (BaKO) mice, which exhibit lipodystrophy due to dysfunctional adipocytes. Our results reveal the activation of YAP/TAZ signaling in both CAAs and BECN1-deficient adipocytes, inducing adipocyte dedifferentiation and formation of a malignant TME. The additional deletion of YAP/TAZ from BaKO mice significantly restores the lipodystrophy and inflammatory phenotypes, leading to tumor regression. Furthermore, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibit decreased BECN1 and increased YAP/TAZ expression in their adipose tissues. Treatment with the YAP/TAZ inhibitor, verteporfin, suppresses tumor progression in BaKO and HFD-fed mice, highlighting its efficacy against mice with metabolic dysregulation. Overall, our findings provide insights into the key mediators of CAA and their significance in developing a TME, thereby suggesting a viable approach targeting adipocyte homeostasis to suppress cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaechan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Na
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - You Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chan Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Gemcro, Inc, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Gemcro, Inc, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Na H, Song Y, Lee HW. Emphasis on Adipocyte Transformation: Anti-Inflammatory Agents to Prevent the Development of Cancer-Associated Adipocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020502. [PMID: 36672449 PMCID: PMC9856688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the various cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), adipocytes undergo a dynamic transformation when activated by neighboring cancer cells. Although these adipocytes, known as cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), have been reported to play a crucial role in tumor progression, the factors that mediate their transformation remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis that inflammatory signals involving NF-ĸB activation can induce lipolysis and adipocyte dedifferentiation. This provides a mechanistic understanding of CAA formation and introduces the concept of preventing adipocyte transformation via anti-inflammatory agents. Indeed, epidemiological studies indicate a higher efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in obese patients with cancer, suggesting that NSAIDs can modulate the TME. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin production leads to the suppression of inflammatory signals such as NF-ĸB. Thus, we suggest the use of NSAIDs in cancer patients with metabolic disorders to prevent the transformation of TME components. Moreover, throughout this review, we attempt to expand our knowledge of CAA transformation to improve the clinical feasibility of targeting CAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeju Na
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaechan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Gemcro Corporation, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-7642
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3
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Zhou X, Zhang J, Lv W, Zhao C, Xia Y, Wu Y, Zhang Q. The pleiotropic roles of adipocyte secretome in remodeling breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:203. [PMID: 35701840 PMCID: PMC9199207 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the leading female cancer type and the cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Adipocytes possess important functions of energy supply, metabolic regulation, and cytokine release, and are also the matrix cell that supports mammary gland tissue. In breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME), adipocytes are the prominent stromal cells and are implicated in inflammation, metastatic formation, metabolic remodeling, and cancer susceptibility.
Main body
It is well-established that adipocyte secretome is a reservoir engaged in the regulation of tumor cell behavior by secreting a large number of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and chemokines), adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, autotaxin, and resistin), lipid metabolites (free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate), and other exosome-encapsulated substances. These released factors influence the evolution and clinical outcome of breast cancer through complex mechanisms. The progression of breast cancer tumors revolves around the tumor-adipose stromal network, which may contribute to breast cancer aggressiveness by increasing the pro-malignant potential of TME and tumor cells themselves. Most importantly, the secretome alterations of adipocytes are regarded as distinctly important targets for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance.
Conclusion
Therefore, this review will provide a comprehensive description of the specific adipocyte secretome characteristics and interactions within TME cell populations, which will enable us to better tailor strategies for tumor stratification management and treatment.
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Zhang R, Meng J, Yang S, Liu W, Shi L, Zeng J, Chang J, Liang B, Liu N, Xing D. Recent Advances on the Role of ATGL in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944025. [PMID: 35912266 PMCID: PMC9326118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state of the tumor microenvironment leads to reprogramming lipid metabolism in tumor cells. Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase= domain-containing protein 2 and Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), as an essential lipid metabolism-regulating enzyme in cells, is regulated accordingly under hypoxia induction. However, studies revealed that ATGL exhibits both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects, which depend on the cancer cell type and the site of tumorigenesis. For example, elevated ATGL expression in breast cancer is accompanied by enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), enhancing cancer cells’ metastatic ability. In prostate cancer, on the other hand, tumor activity tends to be negatively correlated with ATGL expression. This review outlined the regulation of ATGL-mediated lipid metabolism pathways in tumor cells, emphasizing the Hypoxia-inducible factors 1 (HIF-1)/Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HIG-2)/ATGL axis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2)/ATGL axis, and fat-specific protein 27 (FSP-27)/Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1)/ATGL axis. In the light of recent research on different cancer types, the role of ATGL on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, and tumor metastasis was systemically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
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5
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Yao H, He S. Multi‑faceted role of cancer‑associated adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:866. [PMID: 34676881 PMCID: PMC8554381 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are a type of stromal cell found in numerous different tissues that serve an active role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) display a malignant phenotype and are found at the invasive tumor front, which mediates the crosstalk network between adipocytes (the precursor cells that will become cancer-associated adipocytes in the future) and cancer cells. The present review covers the mechanisms of adipocytes in the development of cancer, including metabolic reprogramming, chemotherapy resistance and adipokine regulation. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms involved in the adipocyte-cancer cell cycle in various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, colon and rectal cancer, are discussed. Deciphering the complex network of CAA-cancer cell crosstalk will provide insights into tumor biology and optimize therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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6
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Abooshahab R, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. The increasing role of pigment epithelium-derived factor in metastasis: from biological importance to a promising target. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114787. [PMID: 34571004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a non-inhibitory member of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family and is a well-known potent anti-tumor factor in a variety of cancers. It has been ascertained that PEDF regulates multiple metastatic processes through various plausible mechanisms, including inhibiting angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, stimulating extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and suppressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Although PEDF has been recognized as an anti-metastatic marker in most studies, its role remains controversial with conflicting reports of PEDF as a metastatic marker. The emerging insights into the mechanism(s) of PEDF in tumor progression and its therapeutic effects are discussed systematically in this review, aiming to improve our understanding in the context of metastasis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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7
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Brook N, Brook E, Dass CR, Chan A, Dharmarajan A. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor and Sex Hormone-Responsive Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113483. [PMID: 33238558 PMCID: PMC7700359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogens and androgens play important roles in normal and cancerous tissue and have been shown to negatively regulate pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression in sex hormone-responsive tumours. PEDF suppresses tumour growth and its downregulation by oestrogen is implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and progression. PEDF expression is reduced in cancerous tissue of the prostate, breast, ovary, and endometrium compared to their normal tissue counterparts, with a link between PEDF downregulation and sex hormone signalling observed in pre-clinical studies. PEDF reduces growth and metastasis of tumour cells by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, increasing adhesion, and reducing migration. PEDF may also prevent treatment resistance in some cancers by downregulating oestrogen receptor signalling. By interacting with components of the tumour microenvironment, PEDF counteracts the proliferative and immunosuppressive effects of oestrogens, to ultimately reduce tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we focus on sex hormone regulation of PEDF's anti-tumour action in sex hormone-responsive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Brook
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (N.B.); (E.B.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Emily Brook
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (N.B.); (E.B.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (N.B.); (E.B.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.R.D.); (A.D.); Tel.: +61-8-9266-1489 (C.R.D.)
| | - Arlene Chan
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- Breast Cancer Research Centre-Western Australia, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, India
- Correspondence: (C.R.D.); (A.D.); Tel.: +61-8-9266-1489 (C.R.D.)
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8
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Zhao C, Wu M, Zeng N, Xiong M, Hu W, Lv W, Yi Y, Zhang Q, Wu Y. Cancer-associated adipocytes: emerging supporters in breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:156. [PMID: 32787888 PMCID: PMC7425140 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant breast tumor confronted with high invasion, metastasis and recurrence rate, and adipocytes are the largest components in breast tissue. The aberrant adipocytes, especially the BC-neighbored cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), are found in the invasive front of BC. CAAs present a vicious phenotype compared with mature mammary adipocytes and mediate the crosstalk network between adipocytes and BC cells. By releasing multiple adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), CAAs play essential roles in favor of proliferation, angiogenesis, dissemination, invasion and metastasis of BC. This article reviews the recent existing CAAs studies on the functions and mechanisms of adipocytes in the development of BC, including adipokine regulating, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, microRNAs (miRNAs) and immune cell adjusting. Besides, adipocyte secretome and cellular interactions are implicated in the intervention to BC therapy and autologous fat grafting of breast reconstruction. Therefore, the potential functions and mechanisms of CAAs are very important for unveiling BC oncogenesis and progress. Deciphering the complex network between CAAs and BC is critical for designing therapeutic strategies and achieving the maximum therapeutic effects of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongru Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Weijie Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenchang Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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9
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Yamagishi SI, Koga Y, Sotokawauchi A, Hashizume N, Fukahori S, Matsui T, Yagi M. Therapeutic Potential of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:313-324. [PMID: 30892156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the serine protease inhibitors with multifunctional properties, which is produced by various types of organs and tissues. There is an accumulating body of evidence that PEDF plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Indeed, PEDF not only works as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, but also suppresses oxidative stress, inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans. Furthermore, we, along with others, have found that PEDF inhibits proliferation of, and induces apoptotic cell death in, numerous kinds of tumors. In addition, circulating as well as tumor expression levels of PEDF have been inversely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. These observations suggest that supplementation of PEDF proteins and/or enhancement of endogenous PEDF expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this paper, we review the effects of PEDF on diverse types of cancer, and discuss its therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koga
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukahori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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10
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Mirzoyan Z, Sollazzo M, Allocca M, Valenza AM, Grifoni D, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster: A Model Organism to Study Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30881374 PMCID: PMC6405444 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep disease driven by the activation of specific oncogenic pathways concomitantly with the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes that act as sentinels to control physiological growth. The conservation of most of these signaling pathways in Drosophila, and the ability to easily manipulate them genetically, has made the fruit fly a useful model organism to study cancer biology. In this review we outline the basic mechanisms and signaling pathways conserved between humans and flies responsible of inducing uncontrolled growth and cancer development. Second, we describe classic and novel Drosophila models used to study different cancers, with the objective to discuss their strengths and limitations on their use to identify signals driving growth cell autonomously and within organs, drug discovery and for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipocytes, which represent a substantial part of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, secrete several adipokines that affect tumorigenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance via multiple signaling pathways. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the role of leptin, adiponectin, autotaxin, and interleukin-6 in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug response. Furthermore, we investigated adipokines as potential targets of breast cancer-specific drugs. Expert opinion: Adipokines and adipokine receptors are deregulated in breast cancer. Adipokines play various roles in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug response, hence, adipokine signaling could be an effective drug target. Several clinical trials are in progress to test the efficacy of adipokine targeting agents. However, adipokines also affect metabolic homeostasis; hence, the adverse effects of the targeted drug should be investigated and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
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12
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Zwezdaryk K, Sullivan D, Saifudeen Z. The p53/Adipose-Tissue/Cancer Nexus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:457. [PMID: 30158901 PMCID: PMC6104444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the resultant metabolic complications have been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In addition to the systemic metabolic disturbances in obesity that are associated with cancer initiation and progression, the presence of adipose tissue in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes significantly to malignancy through direct cell-cell interaction or paracrine signaling. This chronic inflammatory state can be maintained by p53-associated mechanisms. Increased p53 levels that are observed in obesity exacerbate the release of inflammatory cytokines that fuel cancer initiation and progression. Dysregulated adipose tissue signaling from the TME can reprogram tumor cell metabolism. The links between p53, cellular metabolism and adipose tissue dysfunction and how they relate to cancer, will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin Zwezdaryk
| | - Deborah Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Deborah Sullivan
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Zubaida Saifudeen
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13
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Choi J, Cha YJ, Koo JS. Adipocyte biology in breast cancer: From silent bystander to active facilitator. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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D'Esposito V, Liguoro D, Ambrosio MR, Collina F, Cantile M, Spinelli R, Raciti GA, Miele C, Valentino R, Campiglia P, De Laurentiis M, Di Bonito M, Botti G, Franco R, Beguinot F, Formisano P. Adipose microenvironment promotes triple negative breast cancer cell invasiveness and dissemination by producing CCL5. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24495-509. [PMID: 27027351 PMCID: PMC5029717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that adiposity is associated with raised cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. In a subset of tumors, cancer cell growth and/or metastasis predominantly occur in adipocyte-rich microenvironment. Indeed, adipocytes represent the most abundant cell types surrounding breast cancer cells. We have studied the mechanisms by which peritumoral human adipose tissue contributes to Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell invasiveness and dissemination. Co-culture with human adipocytes enhanced MDA-MB231 cancer cell invasiveness. Adipocytes cultured in high glucose were 2-fold more active in promoting cell invasion and motility compared to those cultured in low glucose. This effect is induced, at least in part, by the CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). Indeed, CCL5 inhibition by specific peptides and antibodies reduced adipocyte-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. CCL5 immuno-detection in peritumoral adipose tissue of women with TNBC correlated with lymph node (p-value = 0.04) and distant metastases (p-value = 0.001). A positive trend was also observed between CCL5 expression and glycaemia. Finally, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a negative correlation between CCL5 staining in the peritumoral adipose tissue and overall survival of patients (p-value = 0.039). Thus, inhibition of CCL5 in adipose microenvironment may represent a novel approach for the therapy of highly malignant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Collina
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Valentino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention; National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
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The Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (Desat1) in Drosophila cooperated with Myc to Induce Autophagy and Growth, a Potential New Link to Tumor Survival. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8050131. [PMID: 28452935 PMCID: PMC5448005 DOI: 10.3390/genes8050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are an important energy supply in our cells and can be stored or used to produce macromolecules during lipogenesis when cells experience nutrient starvation. Our proteomic analysis reveals that the Drosophila homologue of human Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Desat1) is an indirect target of Myc in fat cells. Stearoyl-CoA desaturases are key enzymes in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids critical for the formation of complex lipids such as triglycerides and phospholipids. Their function is fundamental for cellular physiology, however in tumors, overexpression of SCD-1 and SCD-5 has been found frequently associated with a poor prognosis. Another gene that is often upregulated in tumors is the proto-oncogene c-myc, where its overexpression or increased protein stability, favor cellular growth. Here, we report a potential link between Myc and Desat1 to control autophagy and growth. Using Drosophila, we found that expression of Desat1, in metabolic tissues like the fat body, in the gut and in epithelial cells, is necessary for Myc function to induce autophagy a cell eating mechanism important for energy production. In addition, we observed that reduction of Desat1 affects Myc ability to induce growth in epithelial cells. Our data also identify, in prostatic tumor cells, a significant correlation between the expression of Myc and SCD-1 proteins, suggesting the existence of a potential functional relationship between the activities of these proteins in sustaining tumor progression.
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Hosney M, Sabet S, El-Shinawi M, Gaafar KM, Mohamed MM. Leptin is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment of obese patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2235-2246. [PMID: 28565832 PMCID: PMC5443182 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of leptin in the progression of breast cancer and the associated cell proliferation signalling pathway(s). A total of 44 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 24 healthy donors from Ain Shams University Hospitals (Cairo, Egypt) were enrolled in the present study. The present study assessed leptin expression in breast cancer tissues at the gene and protein level using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrate that the expression of leptin was significantly higher in tissue of breast cancer samples from obese patients than overweight and control samples (P<0.001). ELISA results indicated a significant increase (P<0.001) of leptin expression in obese patients. To investigate whether there is any difference in leptin expression between the peripheral and tumor microenvironment blood of patients with breast cancer, the concentration of leptin was assessed in plasma from both using ELISA assays. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the level of leptin in plasma samples from the tumor microenvironment of obese patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, compared with peripheral plasma samples. Furthermore, the leptin gene was overexpressed in obese ER+ breast cancer tissue. RT-qPCR was also performed to assess the expression of genes involved in proliferation pathways including leptin receptor (LEPR), aromatase, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). A positive association between leptin expression, LEPR, aromatase, MAPK and STAT3 was detected in tissue samples of patients with breast cancer. The current study concluded that leptin may enhance breast cancer progression by inducing the expression of JAK/STAT3, ERK1/2 and estrogen pathways in obese patients breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hosney
- Department of Zoology, Cancer Biology Research Laboratory (CBRL), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Salwa Sabet
- Department of Zoology, Cancer Biology Research Laboratory (CBRL), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Khadiga M Gaafar
- Department of Zoology, Cancer Biology Research Laboratory (CBRL), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mona M Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Cancer Biology Research Laboratory (CBRL), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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17
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Breast Cancer Cell Colonization of the Human Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Niche. Neoplasia 2016; 17:849-861. [PMID: 26696367 PMCID: PMC4688564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bone is a preferred site of breast cancer metastasis, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific features that attract and promote the outgrowth of breast cancer cells. We sought to identify parameters of human bone tissue associated with breast cancer cell osteotropism and colonization in the metastatic niche. METHODS Migration and colonization patterns of MDA-MB-231-fLuc-EGFP (luciferase-enhanced green fluorescence protein) and MCF-7-fLuc-EGFP breast cancer cells were studied in co-culture with cancellous bone tissue fragments isolated from 14 hip arthroplasties. Breast cancer cell migration into tissues and toward tissue-conditioned medium was measured in Transwell migration chambers using bioluminescence imaging and analyzed as a function of secreted factors measured by multiplex immunoassay. Patterns of breast cancer cell colonization were evaluated with fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Enhanced MDA-MB-231-fLuc-EGFP breast cancer cell migration to bone-conditioned versus control medium was observed in 12/14 specimens (P = .0014) and correlated significantly with increasing levels of the adipokines/cytokines leptin (P = .006) and IL-1β (P = .001) in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry of fragments underscored the extreme adiposity of adult human bone tissues and revealed extensive breast cancer cell colonization within the marrow adipose tissue compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that breast cancer cells migrate to human bone tissue-conditioned medium in association with increasing levels of leptin and IL-1β, and colonize the bone marrow adipose tissue compartment of cultured fragments. Bone marrow adipose tissue and its molecular signals may be important but understudied components of the breast cancer metastatic niche.
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18
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Fat grafting for breast cancer patients: From basic science to clinical studies. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 42:1088-102. [PMID: 27265042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat grafting in the surgical treatment of breast cancer has become popular in a short period of time because of the rising expectations of good esthetic results by the patients as well as the simplicity of the technique; however, the oncological safety for breast cancer patients remains a matter of debate. The procedure raises many questions considering that recent in-vitro studies have shown that fat grafting could promote tumor recurrence through diverse mechanisms, or even facilitate distant metastasis. We present a review of the currently available experimental and clinical data in order to describe and discuss patient selection criteria following breast cancer surgery.
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McConnell JC, O'Connell OV, Brennan K, Weiping L, Howe M, Joseph L, Knight D, O'Cualain R, Lim Y, Leek A, Waddington R, Rogan J, Astley SM, Gandhi A, Kirwan CC, Sherratt MJ, Streuli CH. Increased peri-ductal collagen micro-organization may contribute to raised mammographic density. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:5. [PMID: 26747277 PMCID: PMC4706673 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mammographic density is a therapeutically modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Although mammographic density is correlated with the relative abundance of collagen-rich fibroglandular tissue, the causative mechanisms, associated structural remodelling and mechanical consequences remain poorly defined. In this study we have developed a new collaborative bedside-to-bench workflow to determine the relationship between mammographic density, collagen abundance and alignment, tissue stiffness and the expression of extracellular matrix organising proteins. METHODS Mammographic density was assessed in 22 post-menopausal women (aged 54-66 y). A radiologist and a pathologist identified and excised regions of elevated non-cancerous X-ray density prior to laboratory characterization. Collagen abundance was determined by both Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red staining (which enhances collagen birefringence when viewed under polarised light). The structural specificity of these collagen visualisation methods was determined by comparing the relative birefringence and ultrastructure (visualised by atomic force microscopy) of unaligned collagen I fibrils in reconstituted gels with the highly aligned collagen fibrils in rat tail tendon. Localised collagen fibril organisation and stiffness was also evaluated in tissue sections by atomic force microscopy/spectroscopy and the abundance of key extracellular proteins was assessed using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mammographic density was positively correlated with the abundance of aligned periductal fibrils rather than with the abundance of amorphous collagen. Compared with matched tissue resected from the breasts of low mammographic density patients, the highly birefringent tissue in mammographically dense breasts was both significantly stiffer and characterised by large (>80 μm long) fibrillar collagen bundles. Subsequent proteomic analyses not only confirmed the absence of collagen fibrosis in high mammographic density tissue, but additionally identified the up-regulation of periostin and collagen XVI (regulators of collagen fibril structure and architecture) as potential mediators of localised mechanical stiffness. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data suggest that remodelling, and hence stiffening, of the existing stromal collagen microarchitecture promotes high mammographic density within the breast. In turn, this aberrant mechanical environment may trigger neoplasia-associated mechanotransduction pathways within the epithelial cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C McConnell
- Centre for Tissue Injury & Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Oliver V O'Connell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Keith Brennan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lisa Weiping
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Miles Howe
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Leena Joseph
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ronan O'Cualain
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. ronan.o'
| | - Yit Lim
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Angela Leek
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Tissue Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachael Waddington
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Tissue Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jane Rogan
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Tissue Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Susan M Astley
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ashu Gandhi
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Cliona C Kirwan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Centre for Tissue Injury & Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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20
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Esper RM, Dame M, McClintock S, Holt PR, Dannenberg AJ, Wicha MS, Brenner DE. Leptin and Adiponectin Modulate the Self-renewal of Normal Human Breast Epithelial Stem Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1174-83. [PMID: 26487401 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms are likely to account for the link between obesity and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, are of particular interest due to their opposing biologic functions and associations with breast cancer risk. In the current study, we investigated the effects of leptin and adiponectin on normal breast epithelial stem cells. Levels of leptin in human adipose explant-derived conditioned media positively correlated with the size of the normal breast stem cell pool. In contrast, an inverse relationship was found for adiponectin. Moreover, a strong linear relationship was observed between the leptin/adiponectin ratio in adipose conditioned media and breast stem cell self-renewal. Consistent with these findings, exogenous leptin stimulated whereas adiponectin suppressed breast stem cell self-renewal. In addition to local in-breast effects, circulating factors, including leptin and adiponectin, may contribute to the link between obesity and breast cancer. Increased levels of leptin and reduced amounts of adiponectin were found in serum from obese compared with age-matched lean postmenopausal women. Interestingly, serum from obese women increased stem cell self-renewal by 30% compared with only 7% for lean control serum. Taken together, these data suggest a plausible explanation for the obesity-driven increase in postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Leptin and adiponectin may function as both endocrine and paracrine/juxtacrine factors to modulate the size of the normal stem cell pool. Interventions that disrupt this axis and thereby normalize breast stem cell self-renewal could reduce the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Esper
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Michael Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shannon McClintock
- Department of Internal Medicine Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dean E Brenner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Internal Medicine Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Delort L, Rossary A, Farges MC, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chézet F. Leptin, adipocytes and breast cancer: Focus on inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. Life Sci 2015; 140:37-48. [PMID: 25957709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one million new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year and more than 400,000 deaths are caused by the disease. The origin of this pathology is multifactorial and involved genetic, hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors including obesity in postmenopausal women. The role played by the adipose tissue and their secretions, ie adipokines, is beginning to be recognized. Plasma adipokine levels, which are modulated during obesity, could have “remote” effects on mammary carcinogenesis. Breast cancer cells are surrounded and locally influenced by an adipocyte microenvironment, which is probably more extensive in obese people. Hence, leptin appears to be strongly involved in mammary carcinogenesis and may contribute to the local pro-inflammatory mechanisms, especially in obese patients, who have increased metastatic potential and greater risk of mortality. This review presents the multifaceted role of leptin in breast cancer development and the different molecular pathways involved such as inflammation, oxidative stress and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Delort
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Jean-Perrin, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Unité de Nutrition, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chézet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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22
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Wang C, Gao C, Meng K, Qiao H, Wang Y. Human adipocytes stimulate invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by secreting IGFBP-2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119348. [PMID: 25747684 PMCID: PMC4352027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims A better understanding of the effects of human adipocytes on breast cancer cells may lead to the development of new treatment strategies. We explored the effects of adipocytes on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods To study the reciprocal effects of adipocytes and cancer cells, we co-cultured human mature adipocytes and breast cancer cells in a system devoid of heterogeneous cell-cell contact. To analyze the factors that were secreted from adipocytes and that affected the invasive abilities of breast cancer cells, we detected different cytokines in various co-culture media. To study the communication of mature adipocytes and breast cancer cells in vivo, we chose 10 metastatic pathologic samples and 10 non-metastatic pathologic samples to do immunostaining. Results The co-culture media of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human mature adipocytes increased motility of MCF-7 cells. In addition, MMP-2 was remarkably up-regulated, whereas E-cadherin was down-regulated in these MCF-7 cells. Based on our co-culture medium chip results, we chose four candidate cytokines and tested their influence on metastasis individually. We found that IGFBP-2 enhanced the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells in vitro more prominently than did the other factors. In vivo, metastatic human breast tumors had higher levels of MMP-2 than did non-metastatic tumor tissue, whereas adipocytes around metastatic breast tumors had higher levels of IGFBP-2 than did adipocytes surrounding non-metastatic breast tumors. Conclusions IGFBP-2 secreted by mature adipocytes plays a key role in promoting the metastatic ability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kui Meng
- The Gulou Hospital attached to Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haishi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- * E-mail:
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Sun X, Sandhu R, Figueroa JD, Gierach GL, Sherman ME, Troester MA. Benign breast tissue composition in breast cancer patients: association with risk factors, clinical variables, and gene expression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2810-8. [PMID: 25249325 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast tissue composition (epithelium, non-fatty stroma, and adipose) changes qualitatively and quantitatively throughout the lifespan, and may mediate relationships between risk factors and breast cancer initiation. We sought to identify relationships between tissue composition, risk factors, tumor characteristics, and gene expression. METHODS Participants were 146 patients from the Polish Breast Cancer Study, with data on risk factor and clinicopathological characteristics. Benign breast tissue composition was evaluated using digital image analysis of histologic sections. Whole-genome microarrays were performed on the same tissue blocks. RESULTS Mean epithelial, non-fatty stromal, and adipose proportions were 8.4% (SD = 4.9%), 27.7% (SD = 24.0%), and 64.0% (SD = 24.0%), respectively. Among women <50 years old, stroma proportion decreased and adipose proportion increased with age, with approximately 2% difference per year (P < 0.01). The variation in epithelial proportion with age was modest (0.1% per year). Higher epithelial proportion was associated with obesity (7.6% in nonobese vs. 10.1% in obese; P = 0.02) and with poorly differentiated tumors (7.8% in well/moderate vs. 9.9% in poor; P = 0.05). Gene expression signatures associated with epithelial and stromal proportion were identified and validated. Stroma-associated genes were in metabolism and stem cell maintenance pathways, whereas epithelial genes were enriched for cytokine and immune response pathways. CONCLUSIONS Breast tissue composition was associated with age, body mass index, and tumor grade, with consequences for breast gene expression. IMPACT Breast tissue morphologic factors may influence breast cancer etiology. Composition and gene expression may act as biomarkers of breast cancer risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupninder Sandhu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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