1
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Wang XS, Zhang YJ, Cao J, Xu LW. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Germylative Arylation of Alkenes with Chlorogermanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12848-12852. [PMID: 39145490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe a visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed radical germylative arylation of alkenes with easily accessible chlorogermanes. This protocol provides expedient access to germanium-substituted indolin-2-ones in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The key step for this strategy lies in the reductive activation of germanium-chloride bonds with an excited palladium complex under visible light irradiation. The involvement of germanium radicals was evidenced by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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2
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Shu L, Dong X, Sun ZH, Zhao A, Jiang M, Ren X, Yan F, Cao K, Liu Q, Liu H. Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular 6- endo Heck Reaction of Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5719-5724. [PMID: 38941533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic palladium-induced 6-endo-selective alkyl Heck reaction of unactivated alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides has been described. This strategy facilitates the gentle and efficient synthesis of a variety of 5-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives. It demonstrates a broad substrate tolerance and excellent 6-endo selectivity. Unlike the high-temperature requirements of traditional alkyl Heck reactions, this transformation efficiently proceeds at room temperature and shows significant promise for industrial-scale applications. Mechanistic investigations reveal that this alkyl Heck reaction proceeds via a hybrid palladium-radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Qilu Medical University, 1678 West Renmin Road, Zibo 255300, China
| | - Ze-Hua Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Anxin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Shinva Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., 99 Beixin Road, Sibaoshan Street, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Fachao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Cao
- Pharmacy Department, Zibo Central Hospital, 54 West Gongqingtuan Road, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
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3
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Yamada K, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. General Regio- and Diastereoselective Allylic C-H Oxygenation of Internal Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18218-18223. [PMID: 38922638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Branched allylic esters and carboxylates are fundamental motifs prevalent in natural products and drug molecules. The direct allylic C-H oxygenation of internal alkenes represents one of the most straightforward approaches, bypassing the requirement for an allylic leaving group as in the classical Tsuji-Trost reaction. However, current methods suffer from limited scope─often accompanied by selectivity issues─thus hampering further development. Herein we report a photocatalytic platform as a general solution to these problems, enabling the coupling of diverse internal alkenes with carboxylic acids, alcohols, and other O-nucleophiles, typically in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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4
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Du YJ, Sheng XX, Tang LN, Chen JM, Liu GY, Hu H, Yang S, Zhu L, Chen M. Accessing Benzoazepine Derivatives via Photoinduced Radical Relay Formal [5 + 2] Reaction of Amide/Alkyne Enabled by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:2662-2667. [PMID: 38530133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of alkyne-tethered amides facilitates an unprecedented photoinduced palladium-catalyzed radical relay formal [5 + 2] reaction. This innovative strategy allows for the rapid construction of diverse fused benzoazepine structures, yielding structurally novel and compelling compounds. With a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, the methodology synthesizes biologically active compounds. Notably, the resulting tricyclic benzo[b]azepines offer diversification opportunities through simple transformations. DFT calculations elucidate a seven-membered ring closure mechanism involving the alkenyl radical and Pd(I) rebound alongside a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xia-Xin Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lu-Ning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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5
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Chuentragool P, Ngamnithiporn A, Hongboon P, Ruchirawat S. Visible Light-Induced One-Pot Carbonylation of Alkyl Halides with Aryl Formates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4205-4209. [PMID: 38447064 PMCID: PMC11351429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is the development of a visible-light-driven carbonylation of alkyl halides. The exploitation of visible light to activate Pd complexes and the use of formates to serve the dual role of a CO surrogate and a phenoxide source allow the preparation of esters in moderate to good yields. Its relatively mild reaction conditions and the ability to perform this transformation without direct handling of toxic CO gas provide a practical means to access esters from alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padon Chuentragool
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Prachnawadee Hongboon
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Program
in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of the
Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher
Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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6
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Sarkar S, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. Recent Advances in Visible Light Induced Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311972. [PMID: 37957126 PMCID: PMC10922525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-induced Pd catalysis has emerged as a promising subfield of photocatalysis. The hybrid nature of Pd radical species has enabled a wide array of radical-based transformations otherwise challenging or unknown via conventional Pd chemistry. In parallel to the ongoing pursuit of alternative, readily available radical precursors, notable discoveries have demonstrated that photoexcitation can alter not only oxidative addition but also other elementary steps. This Minireview highlights the recent progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
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7
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Clark KF, Tyerman S, Evans L, Robertson CM, Murphy JA. An assay for aryl radicals using BHAS coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1018-1022. [PMID: 38197449 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Aryl radicals are intermediates in many reactions, but determining their presence unambiguously is often challenging. As we recently reported, reaction of 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (7) in benzene with KOtBu and a suitable organic additive, leads to a base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) coupling reaction giving 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl (12) and biphenyl (3) as coupled products, together with xylene (13). In this case, biphenyl arises from a radical translocation and is the major coupling product. This paper now quantitatively investigates that reaction, which shows a very similar ratio for 3 : 12 [ca. 4 : 1] when using different sources of radical initiation. Deuterium isotope studies provide detailed mechanistic support for the proposed mechanism; when carried out in C6D6vs. C6H6, the reaction is characterised by a strong isotope effect for formation of 3-d10vs. 3, but not for formation of 12-d5vs. 12. These distinctive properties mean that the transformation can act as an assay for aryl radicals. An advantage of such a BHAS process is its sensitivity, since it involves a chain reaction that can amplify radical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Clark
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Seb Tyerman
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Laura Evans
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Craig M Robertson
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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8
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Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Dutta S, Pal K, Li B, Maity B, Cavallo L, Rueping M. Photoexcitation of Distinct Divalent Palladium Complexes in Cross-Coupling Amination Under Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314508. [PMID: 37956272 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of metal complexes that function as both photocatalyst and cross-coupling catalyst remains a challenging research topic. So far, progress has been shown in palladium(0) excited-state transition metal catalysis for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds where the oxidative addition of alkyl/aryl halides to zero-valent palladium (Pd0 ) is achievable at room temperature. In contrast, the analogous process with divalent palladium (PdII ) is uphill and endothermic. For the first time, we report that divalent palladium can act as a light-absorbing species that undergoes double excitation to realize carbon-nitrogen (C-N) cross-couplings under air. Differently substituted aryl halides can be applied in the mild, and selective cross-coupling amination using palladium acetate as both photocatalyst and cross-coupling catalyst at room temperature. Density functional theory studies supported by mechanistic investigations provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayan Dutta
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuntal Pal
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Li
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Tian X, Liu Y, Yakubov S, Schütte J, Chiba S, Barham JP. Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:263-316. [PMID: 38059728 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy - unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads to the development of new synthetic reactions and a vast expansion of chemical spaces. This review summarizes recent developments in photo- and/or electrochemical activation strategies for the functionalization of strong bonds - particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds - via: (1) direct photoexcitation by high energy UV light; (2) activation via photoredox catalysis under irradiation with relatively lower energy UVA or blue light; (3) electrochemical reduction; (4) combination of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Based on the types of the targeted C-X bonds, various transformations ranging from hydrodefunctionalization to cross-coupling are covered with detailed discussions of their reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Schütte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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10
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Hu GQ, Zhang WY, Liu YX, Liu JH, Zhao B. Visible Light-Accelerated Palladium-Catalyzed Thiocarbonylation Using Oxalic Acid Monothioester with Aryl/Alkenyl Sulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14351-14356. [PMID: 37802501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a decarboxylative thiocarbonylation of aryl and alkenyl sulfonium salts with oxalic acid monothioethers (OAMs), which can be achieved by visible light-accelerated palladium catalysis. Sulfonium salts are widely available, and OAM is an easily accessible and stored reagent; this mild reaction method can also be used for the synthesis of different types of thioester compounds. The reaction represents a new application of visible light-accelerated palladium catalysis in catalytic decarboxylative cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qin Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong-Xin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-Hui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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11
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Clark K, Tyerman S, Evans L, Robertson CM, Nelson DJ, Kennedy AR, Murphy JA. A Hierarchy of Ligands Controls Formation and Reaction of Aryl Radicals in Pd-Catalyzed Ground-State Base-Promoted Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20849-20858. [PMID: 37713365 PMCID: PMC10540214 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Palladium salts and complexes were tested separately and in the presence of added ligands as potential sources of aryl radicals in ground-state coupling reactions of aryl halide with arenes under basic conditions (KOtBu). Our recently developed assay for aryl radicals was employed to test for aryl radicals. In this assay, aryl radicals derived from the test substrate, 1-iodo-2,6-dimethylbenzene 7, undergo base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) with benzene to produce 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8 and biphenyl 9 in an approximately 1:4 ratio as well as m-xylene 10. The biphenyl arises from a diagnostic radical transfer reaction with the solvent benzene. Using substrate 7 with a range of Pd sources as potential initiators led to formation of 8, 9, and 10 in varying amounts. However, when any one of a range of diphosphinoferrocenes (e.g., dppf or dippf) or BINAP or the monophosphine, diphenylphosphinoferrocene, was added as a ligand to Pd(OAc)2, the ratio of [2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8: biphenyl 9] moved decisively to that expected from the BHAS (radical) pathway. Further studies were conducted with dppf. When dppf was added to each of the other Pd sources, the ratio of coupled products was also diverted to that expected for radical BHAS chemistry. Deuterium isotope studies and radical trap experiments provide strong additional support for the involvement of aryl radicals. Accordingly, under these ground-state conditions, palladium sources, in the presence of defined ligands, convert aryl iodides to aryl radicals. A rationale is proposed for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth
F. Clark
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Seb Tyerman
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Laura Evans
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB10 1XL, U.K.
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- GSK
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Herts, U.K.
| | - David J. Nelson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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12
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Li PS, Teng QQ, Chen M. Photoinduced radical cascade domino Heck coupling of N-aryl acrylamide with vinyl arenes enabled by palladium catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10620-10623. [PMID: 37578259 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, a redox-neutral palladium-catalyzed photo-induced radical cascade domino Heck reaction of N-aryl acrylamide with vinyl arenes is described. A diverse range of bioactive oxindoles, featuring an all-carbon quaternary center, were synthesized. The reaction is proposed to proceed via an open-shell intermediate and occurs under mild reaction conditions, exhibiting excellent functional group tolerance. Importantly, the synthesized products can be readily transformed into biologically active molecules, including (±)-physostigmine and (±)-physovenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Qiao-Qiao Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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13
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Kvasovs N, Fang J, Kliuev F, Gevorgyan V. Merging of Light/Dark Palladium Catalytic Cycles Enables Multicomponent Tandem Alkyl Heck/Tsuji-Trost Homologative Amination Reaction toward Allylic Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18497-18505. [PMID: 37556443 PMCID: PMC10750327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed homologative three-component synthesis of allylic amines has been developed. This protocol proceeds via a unique mechanism involving two distinct cycles enabled by the same Pd(0) catalyst: a visible light-induced hybrid radical alkyl Heck reaction between 1,1-dielectrophile and styrene, followed by the "in dark" classical Tsuji-Trost-type allylic substitution reaction. This method works well with a broad range of primary and secondary amines, aryl alkenes, dielectrophiles, and in complex settings. The regiochemistry of the obtained products is primarily governed by the structure of 1,1-dielectrophile. Involvement of π-allyl palladium intermediates allowed for the control of stereoselectivity, which has been demonstrated with up to 95:5 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Fedor Kliuev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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14
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Lu WD, Zheng Y, Zhang ZP, Chen HB, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible-Light-Induced, Palladium-Mediated Desaturation/Sulfonation Cascade To Access 4-Sulfonyltetrahydropyridine Scaffolds. Org Lett 2023; 25:6077-6081. [PMID: 37550862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible-light-induced, palladium-catalyzed desaturation/sulfonation cascade, offering a concise route to a series of highly valuable 4-sulfonyltetrahydropyridine scaffolds from inexpensive and readily available piperidine derivatives with sodium sulfinates. The key to the success of this transformation is the well-designed sequence of palladium-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer/β-hydride elimination/allylic sulfonation process, which demonstrates the synthetic potentials for orchestrating synthetic events by rationally taking advantage of varied catalytic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Limited, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 344800, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Kurandina D, Noffel Y, Gevorgyan V. Enhanced Excited-State Hydricity of Pd-H Allows for Unusual Head-to-Tail Hydroalkenylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:12224-12232. [PMID: 37224263 PMCID: PMC10750326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced enhancement of hydricity of palladium hydride species enables unprecedented hydride addition-like ("hydridic") hydropalladation of electron-deficient alkenes, which allows for chemoselective head-to-tail cross-hydroalkenylation of electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes. This mild and general protocol works with a wide range of densely functionalized and complex alkenes. Notably, this approach also allows for highly challenging cross-dimerization of electronically diverse vinyl arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Daria Kurandina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Yusuf Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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16
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Dong DQ, Tian BL, Yang H, Wei ZH, Yang SH, Zhou MY, Ding CZ, Wang YL, Gao JH, Wang SJ, Yang WC, Liu BT, Wang ZL. Visible light induced palladium-catalyzed reactions involving halogenated hydrocarbon (RX). MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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17
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Sarkar S, Banerjee A, Shah JA, Mukherjee U, Frederiks NC, Johnson CJ, Ngai MY. Excited-State Copper-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation Reaction Enables Modular Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated-γ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20884-20894. [PMID: 36326178 PMCID: PMC9754811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams continue to attract attention due to the importance of this structural motif in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the development of a visible-light-induced excited-state copper-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation reaction for the preparation of a wide range of γ-H, -OH, and -OR-substituted α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams using acrylamides as the 4-atom unit and aroyl chlorides as the 1-atom unit. This modular synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance. The reaction is amenable to late-stage diversification of complex molecular architectures, including derivatives of marketed drugs. The products of the reaction can serve as versatile building blocks for further derivatization. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest an inner-sphere catalytic cycle involving photoexcitation of the Cu(BINAP) catalyst, single-electron transfer, and capture of radical intermediates by copper species, followed by reductive elimination or protonation to give the desired γ-functionalized α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Jagrut A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Nicoline C. Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Christopher J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400 USA
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18
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Jin W, Yu S. Photoexcited Palladium-Initiated Remote Desaturation of N-Alkoxypyridinium Salts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14715-14722. [PMID: 36219516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1,5-Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is an effective strategy to achieve remote desaturation of nonfunctionalized alkanes. Herein, we report a photoinduced remote desaturation reaction of N-alkoxypyridinium salts, which serve as alkoxyl radical precursors. Mechanistic studies show that a single electron transfer between the excited palladium complex and a N-alkoxypyridinium salt initiates a radical chain process leading to desaturation of N-alkoxypyridinium salts. This chain mechanism is supported by the measurement of the quantum yield of this reaction (Φ = 82). This reaction is applicable to a range of N-alkoxypyridinium salts, including some complex molecule-derived ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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19
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Marchese AD, Durant AG, Reid CM, Jans C, Arora R, Lautens M. Pd(0)/Blue Light Promoted Carboiodination Reaction – Evidence for Reversible C–I Bond Formation via a Radical Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20554-20560. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin D. Marchese
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Andrew G. Durant
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Cian M. Reid
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Clara Jans
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Ramon Arora
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
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20
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Yang S, Fan H, Xie L, Dong G, Chen M. Photoinduced Desaturation of Amides by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:6460-6465. [PMID: 36040045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced palladium-catalyzed desaturation method that is suitable for converting the linear amides to their α,β-unsaturated counterparts is reported. The reaction does not require strong base/acid or sulfur/selenium and oxidant reagents and can be carried out at room temperature through a simple one-step operation. The protocol exhibits great scalability and functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism has been investigated through deuterium labeling experiments, radical clock, radical capture, and kinetic studies. Mechanistic studies suggested a radical pathway involving aryl/alkyl Pd-radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huike Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Licheng Xie
- Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214513, China
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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21
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Pei C, Yang Z, Koenigs RM. Photochemical palladium-catalyzed methylation and alkylation reactions in cascade reactions of isonitriles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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22
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Kvasovs N, Gevorgyan V. Accessing Illusive E Isomers of α-Ester Hydrazones via Visible-Light-Induced Pd-Catalyzed Heck-Type Alkylation. Org Lett 2022; 24:4176-4181. [PMID: 35653178 PMCID: PMC10122867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced Pd-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of alkylated ester hydrazones has been developed. This method operates via generation of a nucleophilic carbon-centered radical from alkyl bromide, iodide, or redox-active ester, followed by its addition to hydrazone, and a subsequent desaturation by palladium. The majority of products have E configuration, which are inaccessible by conventional condensation methods. In addition, a sequential C,N-alkylation protocol has been developed: a reaction between 1,3-dihalides and glyoxylate-derived hydrazone, delivering tetrahydropyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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23
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Zhao G, Mukherjee U, Zhou L, Wu Y, Yao W, Mauro JN, Liu P, Ngai MY. C2-ketonylation of carbohydrates via excited-state palladium-catalyzed 1,2-spin-center shift. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6276-6282. [PMID: 35733909 PMCID: PMC9159084 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C2-ketonyl-2-deoxysugars, sugars with the C2-hydroxyl group replaced by a ketone side chain, are important carbohydrate mimetics in glycobiology and drug discovery studies; however, their preparation remains a vital challenge in organic synthesis. Here we report the first direct strategy to synthesize this class of glycomimetics from readily available 1-bromosugars and silyl enol ethers via an excited-state palladium-catalyzed 1,2-spin-center shift (SCS) process. This step-economic reaction features broad substrate scope, has a high functional group tolerance, and can be used in late-stage functionalization of natural product- and drug-glycoconjugates. Preliminary experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggested a non-chain radical mechanism involving photoexcited palladium species, a 1,2-SCS process, and a radical Mizoroki-Heck reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Jaclyn N Mauro
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
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24
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Roy S, Paul H, Chatterjee I. Light‐Mediated Aminocatalysis: The Dual‐Catalytic Ability Enabling New Enantioselective Route. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Roy
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Hrishikesh Paul
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Chemistry Nangal Road 140001 Rupnagar INDIA
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25
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Firouzeh E, Kazemi F, Gholinejad M, Kaboudin B. Visible Photosensitized Sonogashira-Hagihara Coupling through in Situ Prepared Palladium Catalyst in N,N-Dimethylformamide under Copper and Amine-Free Additives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Photoinduced and palladium-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer triggered 1,2-difunctionalization of 1,3-dienes with hydroxamides. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Yao W, Zhao G, Wu Y, Zhou L, Mukherjee U, Liu P, Ngai MY. Excited-State Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Migratory Mizoroki-Heck Reaction Enables C2-Alkenylation of Carbohydrates. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3353-3359. [PMID: 35188768 PMCID: PMC8970705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state palladium catalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for developing novel and valuable reactions. Herein, we report the first excited-state Pd-catalyzed 1,2-radical migratory Mizoroki-Heck reaction that enables C2-alkenylation of carbohydrates using readily available 1-bromosugars and alkenes. The reaction tolerates a wide variety of functional groups and complex molecular architectures, including derivatives of natural products and marketed drugs. Preliminary mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggest the involvement of visible-light-induced photoexcitation of Pd species, 1,2-spin-centered-shift (SCS) process, and Heck-type cross-coupling reaction. The reaction expands the reactivity profile of excited-state Pd catalysis and provides a streamlined protocol for the preparation of a wide variety of C2-alkenylated carbohydrate mimetics to aid the discovery and development of new therapeutics, agrochemicals, and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States;,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States;,Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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28
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Oku N, Murakami M, Miura T. Photoassisted Cross-Coupling Reaction of α-Chlorocarbonyl Compounds with Arylboronic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:1616-1619. [PMID: 35191697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of α-chloroacetates or α-chloroacetamides with arylboronic acids is made possible by visible-light irradiation. This reaction provides a useful method for the synthesis of α-arylacetates and α-arylacetamides from chlorides under mild reaction conditions. An indole-3-acetic acid derivative that is the key intermediate of the plant hormone auxin can be synthesized from 1-Boc-indole in two steps by combining an iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation and a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oku
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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29
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Chen S, Van Meervelt L, Van der Eycken EV, Sharma UK. Visible-Light-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Tandem Dearomatization of Indoles with Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1213-1218. [PMID: 35107015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild visible-light-driven palladium-catalyzed radical tandem dearomatization of indoles with unactivated alkenes is described with moderate to good yields and good to excellent diastereoselectivities. Under visible-light irradiation, the photoexcited state of the palladium complex was formed, which could transfer a single electron to N-(2-bromobenzoyl)indoles, leading to a hybrid palladium radical chemistry. This provides efficient and atom-economical access to diverse 2,3-disubstituted indoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, RU-117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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31
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Banerjee A, Sarkar S, Shah JA, Frederiks NC, Bazan‐Bergamino EA, Johnson CJ, Ngai M. Excited‐State Copper Catalysis for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery the State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery the State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Jagrut A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery the State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Nicoline C. Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery the State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Emmanuel A. Bazan‐Bergamino
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery the State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Christopher J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery the State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Ming‐Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery the State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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32
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Banerjee A, Sarkar S, Shah JA, Frederiks NC, Bazan-Bergamino EA, Johnson CJ, Ngai MY. Excited-State Copper Catalysis for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113841. [PMID: 34783154 PMCID: PMC8761179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles are one of the largest groups of organic moieties with significant medicinal, chemical, and industrial applications. Herein, we report the discovery and development of visible-light-induced, synergistic excited-state copper catalysis using a combination of Cu(IPr)I as a catalyst and rac-BINAP as a ligand, which produces more than 10 distinct classes of heterocycles. The reaction tolerates a broad array of functional groups and complex molecular scaffolds, including derivatives of peptides, natural products, and marketed drugs. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggests in situ generations of [Cu(BINAP)2 ]+ and [Cu(IPr)2 ]+ catalysts that work cooperatively under visible-light irradiation to facilitate catalytic carbo-aroylation of unactivated alkenes, affording a wide range of useful heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Jagrut A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Nicoline C. Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Emmanuel A. Bazan-Bergamino
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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33
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Yao W, Bergamino EAB, Ngai MY. Asymmetric Photocatalysis Enabled by Chiral Organocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202101292. [PMID: 36204304 PMCID: PMC9531867 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has advanced as a versatile tool in organic synthesis. However, attaining precise stereocontrol in photocatalytic reactions has been a longstanding challenge due to undesired photochemical background reactions and the involvement of highly reactive radicals or radical ion intermediates generated under photocatalytic conditions. To address this problem and expand the synthetic utility of photocatalytic reactions, a number of innovative strategies, including mono- and dual-catalytic approaches, have recently emerged. Of these, exploiting chiral organocatalysis, such as enamine catalysis, iminium-ion catalysis, Brønsted acid/base catalysis, and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis, to induce chirality transfer of photocatalytic reactions has been widely explored. This Review aims to provide a current, comprehensive overview of asymmetric photocatalytic reactions enabled by chiral organocatalysts published through June 2021. The substrate scope, advantages, limitations, and proposed reaction mechanisms of each reaction are discussed. This review should serve as a reference for the development of visible-light-induced asymmetric photocatalysis and promote the improvement of the chemical reactivity and stereoselectivity of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | | | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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35
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Zhang Z, Kvasovs N, Dubrovina A, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light Induced Brønsted Acid Assisted Pd‐Catalyzed Alkyl Heck Reaction of Diazo Compounds and
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Anastasiia Dubrovina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
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36
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Zhang Z, Kvasovs N, Dubrovina A, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light Induced Brønsted Acid Assisted Pd-Catalyzed Alkyl Heck Reaction of Diazo Compounds and N-Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202110924. [PMID: 34706124 PMCID: PMC8712420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A mild visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction of diazo compounds and N-tosylhydrazones is reported. A broad range of vinyl arenes and heteroarenes with high functional group tolerance, as well as a range of different diazo compounds, can efficiently undergo this transformation. This method features Brønsted acid-assisted generation of hybrid palladium C(sp3 )-centered radical intermediate, which allowed for new selective C-H functionalization protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Anastasiia Dubrovina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
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37
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Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Rueping M. Excited-state palladium-catalysed reductive alkylation of imines: scope and mechanism. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8583-8589. [PMID: 35974758 PMCID: PMC9337745 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium catalysis induced by visible-light irradiation is a promising tool for promoting unusual chemical reactivity. Here, the hybrid alkyl radical/Pd(i) species generated is used to promote the reductive alkylation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Ishikawa T, Murata M, Masai H, Iwai T, Terao J. Irradiation with UV Light Accelerates the Migita–Kosugi–Stille Coupling Reaction in Air. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Mako Murata
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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39
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Cheng J, Zhang H, Lv J, Zheng J. Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes: Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Heterocycles with All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
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40
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Jia X, Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Three-Component Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed 1,2-Alkyl Carbamoylation/Cyanation of Alkenes. ACS Catal 2021; 11:13217-13222. [PMID: 35450399 PMCID: PMC9017990 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A mild visible-light-induced Pd-catalyzed one-pot three-component alkyl-carbamoylation and cyanation of alkenes was developed. This general transformation, which proceeds via the in situ formation of a reactive ketenimine intermediate, allows for a rapid construction of a broad range of valuable amides and nitriles from readily available alkenes, alkyl iodides, and isocyanides. An efficient synthesis of tetrazole and amidine via this approach was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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41
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Gimnkhan A, Rueping M. Unactivated Alkyl Chloride Reactivity in Excited-State Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6905-6910. [PMID: 34432470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state palladium catalysis is an efficient process for the alkylation of diverse organic compounds via the generation of alkyl radicals from alkyl bromides and iodides. However, the generation of alkyl radicals from more stable alkyl chlorides remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the excited-state palladium-catalyzed synthesis of oxindoles and isoquinolinediones via alkylation/annulation reaction by overcoming inherent limitations associated with unactivated C(sp3)-Cl bond activation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aidana Gimnkhan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Jin W, Yu S. Photoinduced and Palladium-Catalyzed Remote Desaturation of Amide Derivatives. Org Lett 2021; 23:6931-6935. [PMID: 34415772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A photoinduced and palladium-catalyzed remote desaturation of O-acyl hydroxamides to unsaturated amides under mild conditions has been achieved. The formation of the alkyl Pd(II) intermediate by the recombination of alkyl radical and Pd(I) species is critical to achieve this efficient and selective desaturation of alkanes. This reaction features good site-selectivity, is terminal oxidant-free, and produces moderate to excellent yields for a variety of unsaturated amides. Remarkably, this approach enables late-stage desaturation of complex and biologically important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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43
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Luo YC, Tong FF, Zhang Y, He CY, Zhang X. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Defluoroarylation of Trifluoromethylarenes with Arylboronic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13971-13979. [PMID: 34411483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective functionalization of inactive C(sp3)-F bonds to prepare medicinally interesting aryldifluoromethylated compounds remains challenging. One promising route is the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling through oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in trifluoromethylarenes (ArCF3), which are ideal precursors for this process due to their ready availability and low cost. Here, we report an unprecedented excited-state palladium catalysis strategy for selective defluoroarylation of trifluoromethylarenes with arylboronic acids. This visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling proceeds under mild reaction conditions and allows transformation of a variety of arylboronic acids and ArCF3. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in ArCF3 to excited-state palladium(0) via a single electron transfer pathway is responsible for the C(sp3)-F bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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44
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Albarrán‐Velo J, Gotor‐Fernández V, Lavandera I. Markovnikov Wacker‐Tsuji Oxidation of Allyl(hetero)arenes and Application in a One‐Pot Photo‐Metal‐Biocatalytic Approach to Enantioenriched Amines and Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Albarrán‐Velo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Avenida Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor‐Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Avenida Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Avenida Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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45
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Du J, Wang X, Wang H, Wei J, Huang X, Song J, Zhang J. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Radical Cascade Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2021; 23:5631-5635. [PMID: 34236201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A mild visible-light-induced Pd-catalyzed intermolecular radical cascade reaction of N-arylacrylamides with unactivated alkyl bromides is disclosed. Photoexcited Pd complexes transfer a single electron in this protocol, and hybrid alkyl Pd-radical species are involved as the key reaction intermediates. Sophisticated bioactive oxindole derivatives bearing various substituents and substitution patterns can be efficiently afforded through this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Wang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Wei
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
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46
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Meyer T, Rabeah J, Brückner A, Wu XF. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Carbonylation of Amines to Oxalamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:5642-5647. [PMID: 33565685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of amines toward the synthesis of oxalamides has been established around 30 years ago and it usually needs the presence of (over)stoichiometric amounts of oxidant. In this work, the first transformation of this type in which the oxidant was replaced by visible light is described. The new approach uses a simple robust Pd complex, which can even be partially recycled. A mechanistic reason is provided and supported by control experiments and EPR studies, showing that PdI was formed and Pd0 was the active species. Both nitrogen- and the intermediate acyl radical can be detected. Moreover, the formation of hydrogen was confirmed by gas GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Meyer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angelika Brückner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
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47
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Kvasovs N, Iziumchenko V, Palchykov V, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light-Induced Pd-Catalyzed Alkyl-Heck Reaction of Oximes. ACS Catal 2021; 11:3749-3754. [PMID: 34422448 PMCID: PMC8372551 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-H alkylation of oximes has been developed. This mild protocol allows for an efficient atom economical C-C bond construction of alkyl-substituted oximes. A broad range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl bromides and iodides, as well as a range of different formaldoximes, can efficiently undergo this transformation. The method features visible light-induced generation of nucleophilic hybrid alkyl Pd radical intermediates, which upon radical addition at the imine moiety and a subsequent β-hydrogen elimination deliver substituted imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Valeriia Iziumchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vitalii Palchykov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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48
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Yang Z, Koenigs RM. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:3694-3699. [PMID: 33427348 PMCID: PMC7986663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a conceptually distinct approach was developed that allowed for the dicarbofunctionalization of alkynes at room temperature using simple, bench-stable alkyl iodides and a second molecule of alkyne as coupling partner. Specifically, the photochemical activation of palladium complexes enabled this strategic dicarbofunctionalization via addition of alkyl radicals from secondary and tertiary alkyl iodides and formation of an intermediate palladium vinyl complex that could undergo subsequent Sonogashira reaction with a second alkyne molecule. This alkylation-alkynylation sequence allowed the one-step synthesis of 1,3-enynes including heteroarenes and biologically active compounds with high efficiency without exogenous photosensitizers or oxidants and now opens up pathways towards cascade reactions via photochemical palladium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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49
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Zhao G, Yao W, Mauro JN, Ngai MY. Excited-State Palladium-Catalyzed 1,2-Spin-Center Shift Enables Selective C-2 Reduction, Deuteration, and Iodination of Carbohydrates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1728-1734. [PMID: 33465308 PMCID: PMC7988686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state catalysis, a process that involves one or more excited catalytic species, has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis because it allows access to the excited-state reaction landscape for the discovery of novel chemical reactivity. Herein, we report the first excited-state palladium-catalyzed 1,2-spin-center shift reaction that enables site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates. The strategy features mild reaction conditions with high levels of regio- and stereoselectivity that tolerate a wide range of functional groups and complex molecular architectures. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical mechanism involving the formation of hybrid palladium species that undergoes a 1,2-spin-center shift followed by the reduction, deuteration, and iodination to afford functionalized 2-deoxy sugars. The new reactivity will provide a general approach for the rapid generation of natural and unnatural carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jaclyn N Mauro
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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50
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Sun X, Dong X, Liu H, Liu Y. Recent Progress in Palladium‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
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