1
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Kaneda T, Kato K, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Pillar[5]arenes decorated with six-membered-ring aromatics at all the substitution positions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10651-10658. [PMID: 38994425 PMCID: PMC11234882 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic molecules have characteristic properties different from linear ones, such as high symmetry and guest-inclusion ability. To bring drastic changes to these properties, direct introduction of many substituents is a challenging but effective tool. Herein, we attain direct installation of ten six-membered-ring aromatic π-units into both rims of a pillar[5]arene. In contrast to previous pillar[n]arenes with less hindered five-membered-ring units, which showed conformational complexity and crushed crystal structures, the per-phenyl-substituted pillar[5]arene has a cylinder-shaped crystal structure with a dichloromethane inside the cavity and is obtained as a single pair of D 5-symmetric enantiomers. The average dihedral angles between the core and peripheral benzene rings sharply increase from 38° to 66°. These differences indicate the importance of local steric repulsion on both rims for determining the structures and properties of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kaneda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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2
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Xu WT, Peng Z, Wu P, Jiang Y, Li WJ, Wang XQ, Chen J, Yang HB, Wang W. Tuning vibration-induced emission through macrocyclization and catenation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7178-7186. [PMID: 38756822 PMCID: PMC11095381 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of macrocyclization and catenation on the regulation of vibration-induced emission (VIE), the typical VIE luminogen 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[a, c]phenazine (DPAC) was introduced into the skeleton of a macrocycle and corresponding [2]catenane to evaluate their dynamic relaxation processes. As investigated in detail by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra, the resultant VIE systems revealed precisely tunable emissions upon changing the solvent viscosity, highlighting the key effect of the formation of [2]catenane. Notably, the introduction of an additional pillar[5]arene macrocycle featuring unique planar chirality endows the resultant chiral VIE-active [2]catenane with attractive circularly polarized luminescence in different states. This work not only develops a new strategy for the design of new luminescent systems with tunable vibration induced emission, but also provides a promising platform for the construction of smart chiral luminescent materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Peicong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yefei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
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3
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Ueno K, Konishi Y, Cui L, Harada T, Ishibashi K, Konta T, Muranaka A, Hisaeda Y, Hoshino Y, Ono T. Unraveling the Remarkable Influence of Substituents on the Emission Variation and Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Dinuclear Aluminum Triple-Stranded Helicates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6296-6304. [PMID: 38526299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the development of functional dyes using aluminum, focusing on aluminum-based dinuclear triple-stranded helicates, and examined the effects of substituent variations on their structural and optical properties. Key findings revealed that the modification of methyl groups to the pyrrole positions significantly extended the conjugation system, resulting in a red shift in the absorption and emission spectra. Conversely, the modification of methyl groups at the methine positions due to steric hindrances increased the torsion angle of the ligands, leading to a blue shift in the absorption and emission spectra. A common feature across all complexes was that in the excited state, one of the three ligands underwent significant structural relaxation. This led to a pronounced Stokes shift and minimal spectra overlap with high photoluminescence behaviors. Moreover, our research extended to the optical resolution of the newly synthesized complexes by analyzing the chiroptical properties of the resulting enantiomers, including their circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence. These insights offer valuable contributions to the design and application of novel aluminum-based functional dyes, potentially influencing a range of fields, from materials science to optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuto Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Luxia Cui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takunori Harada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishibashi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takeru Konta
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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4
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Xu WT, Li X, Wu P, Li WJ, Wang Y, Xu XQ, Wang XQ, Chen J, Yang HB, Wang W. Dual Stimuli-Responsive [2]Rotaxanes with Tunable Vibration-Induced Emission and Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319502. [PMID: 38279667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Aiming at the construction of novel stimuli-responsive fluorescent system with precisely tunable emissions, the typical 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[a, c]phenazine (DPAC) luminogen with attractive vibration-induced emission (VIE) behavior has been introduced into [2]rotaxane as a stopper. Taking advantage of their unique dual stimuli-responsiveness towards solvent and anion, the resultant [2]rotaxanes reveal both tunable VIE and switchable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Attributed to the formation of mechanical bonds, DPAC-functionalized [2]rotaxanes display interesting VIE behaviors including white-light emission upon the addition of viscous solvent, as evaluated in detail by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra. In addition, ascribed to the regulation of chirality information transmission through anion-induced motions of chiral wheel, the resolved chiral [2]rotaxanes reveal unique switchable CPL upon the addition of anion, leading to significant increase in the dissymmetry factors (glum ) values with excellent reversibility. Interestingly, upon doping the chiral [2]rotaxanes in stretchable polymer, the blend films reveal remarkable emission change from white light to light blue with significant 6.5-fold increase in glum values up to -0.035 under external tensile stresses. This work provides not only a new design strategy for developing molecular systems with fluorescent tunability but also a novel platform for the construction of smart chiral luminescent materials for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Peicong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co. LTD., Beijing, 100083, China
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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5
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Kato K, Fa S, Ogoshi T. Alignment and Dynamic Inversion of Planar Chirality in Pillar[n]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308316. [PMID: 37518814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are symmetrical macrocyclic compounds composed of benzene panels with para-methylene linkages. Each panel usually exhibits planar chirality and prefers chirality-aligned states. Because of this feature, pillar[n]arenes are attractive scaffolds for chiroptical materials that are easy to prepare and optically resolve and show intense circular dichroism (CD) signals. In addition, rotation of the panels endows the chirality of pillar[n]arenes with a dynamic nature. The chirality in tubular oligomers and supramolecular assemblies sometimes show time- and procedure-dependent alignment phenomena. Furthermore, the CD signals of some pillar[n]arenes respond to the addition of chiral guests when their dynamic chirality is coupled with host-guest properties. By using diastereomeric pillar[n]arenes with additional chiral structures, the response can also be caused by achiral guests and changes of the environment, providing molecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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6
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Stroia I, Moisă ME, Pop A, Legrand B, Hanganu A, Hădade ND, Grosu I. Planar Chiral p,p'-Terphenyl-Based Cyclophanes with Remarkable Enantiomer Stability: Synthesis, Theoretical Investigations, and Complexation Studies. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15647-15657. [PMID: 37910657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Design of conformationally stable compounds with planar chirality is a topic of great interest mainly because of their potential applications as enantioselective ligands or other functional materials. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of novel planar chiral cyclophanes, obtained by ortho, ortho″ anchoring of the p,p'-terphenyl unit, with bridges of different lengths and rigidities, along with their nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and X-ray characterizations. We investigated the influence of the structural particularities of the bridges over the stability of the enantiomers, by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography as well as by density functional theory calculations. We also demonstrated the ability of one of the cyclophanes to preferentially bind arginine with Ka > 110 M-1 (ΔG > -11 kJ mol-1) in acetonitrile solutions containig 10 % water, in the presence of other amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Stroia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina Elena Moisă
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Baptiste Legrand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault BP 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Anamaria Hanganu
- Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- "C. D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Niculina Daniela Hădade
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ion Grosu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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7
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Zhao T, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical regulation of macrocyclic arenes with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11469-11483. [PMID: 37691554 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on various macrocyclic arenes have received increasing attention due to their straightforward syntheses, convenient derivatization, and unique complexation properties. Represented by pillar[n]arenes, several distinctive macrocyclic arenes have recently emerged with the following characteristics: they possess a pair of enantiomeric planar chiral conformations, and interconversion between these enantiomeric conformations can be achieved through the flipping of ring units. Complexation of a chiral guest with these macrocyclic arenes will lead to a shift of the equilibrium between the Rp and Sp conformers, leading to intriguing possibilities for chiral induction and sensing. By the introduction of bulky substituents on the rims, employing rotaxanation or pseudocatenation, planar chirality could be locked, enabling the enantiomeric separation of the chiral structures. The induced or separated chiral conformers/compounds exhibit significant chiroptical properties. These macrocyclic arenes, with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality, demonstrated intriguing chiral induction dynamics and kinetics. In this featured review, we systematically summarize the progress in chiroptical induction/regulation of these macrocyclic arenes, particularly in the fields of chiral sensing, molecular machines, molecular recognition, and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
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8
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Wada K, Yasuzawa K, Fa S, Nagata Y, Kato K, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Diastereoselective Rotaxane Synthesis with Pillar[5]arenes via Co-crystallization and Solid-State Mechanochemical Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37411034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral rotaxanes have attracted much attention in recent decades for their unique chirality based on their interlocked structures. Thus, selective synthesis methods of chiral rotaxanes have been developed. The introduction of substituents with chiral centers to produce diastereomers is a powerful strategy for the construction of chiral rotaxanes. However, in case of a small energy difference between the diastereomers, diastereoselective synthesis is extremely difficult. Herein, we report a new diastereoselective rotaxane synthesis method using solid-phase diastereoselective [3]pseudorotaxane formation and mechanochemical solid-phase end-capping reactions of the [3]pseudorotaxanes. By co-crystallization of stereodynamic planar chiral pillar[5]arene with stereogenic carbons at both rims and axles with suitable end groups and lengths, the [3]pseudorotaxane with a high diastereomeric excess (ca. 92% de) was generated in the solid state because of higher effective molarity with aid by packing effects and significant energy differences between [3]pseudorotaxane diastereomers. In contrast, the de of the pillar[5]arene was low in solution (ca. 10% de) because of a small energy difference between diastereomers. Subsequent end-capping reactions of the polycrystalline [3]pseudorotaxane with high de in solvent-free conditions successfully yielded rotaxanes while maintaining the high de generated by the co-crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Wada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kiichi Yasuzawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- WPI Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Zhang Y, Ourri B, Skowron PT, Jeamet E, Chetot T, Duchamp C, Belenguer AM, Vanthuyne N, Cala O, Dumont E, Mandal PK, Huc I, Perret F, Vial L, Leclaire J. Self-assembly of achiral building blocks into chiral cyclophanes using non-directional interactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7126-7135. [PMID: 37416699 PMCID: PMC10321575 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The diastereoselective assembly of achiral constituents through a single spontaneous process into complex covalent architectures bearing multiple stereogenic elements still remains a challenge for synthetic chemists. Here, we show that such an extreme level of control can be achieved by implementing stereo-electronic information on synthetic organic building blocks and templates and that non-directional interactions (i.e., electrostatic and steric interactions) can transfer this information to deliver, after self-assembly, high-molecular weight macrocyclic species carrying up to 16 stereogenic elements. Beyond the field of supramolecular chemistry, this proof of concept should stimulate the on-demand production of highly structured polyfunctional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Benjamin Ourri
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | | | - Emeric Jeamet
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Titouan Chetot
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | | | - Ana M Belenguer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Olivier Cala
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon Lyon France
| | - Elise Dumont
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 06108 Nice France
| | - Pradeep K Mandal
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr., 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr., 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Florent Perret
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Laurent Vial
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Julien Leclaire
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
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10
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Fu L, Wang R, Zhu Q, Gu Y, Zheng L, Chen Y, Jiang J, Ma J. Planar Chirality for Acid/Base Responsive Macrocyclic Pillararenes Induced by Amino Acid Derivatives: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37154217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature, ranging from a DNA helix to a biological macromolecule, snail's shell, and even a galaxy. However, the precise control of chirality at the nanoscale is a challenge due to the structure complexity of supramolecular assemblies, the small energy differences between different enantiomers, and the difficulty in obtaining polymorphic crystals. The planar chirality of water-soluble pillar[5]arenes (called WP5-Na with Na ions in the side chain) host triggered by the addition of chiral L-amino acid hydrochloride (L-AA-OEt) guests and acid/base is rationalized by the relative stability of different chiral isomers, being estimated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum chemical calculations. As an increase in the pH value, the change from a positive to a negative value of the free energy difference (ΔG) between two conformations, pR-WP5-Na⊃L-AA-OEt and pS-WP5-Na⊃L-AA-OEt, suggests an inversed preference of the pS-WP5-Na conformer induced by the deprotonated L-arginine ethyl ester (L-Arg-OEt) at pH = 14, which is supported by the circular dichroism (CD) experiments. On the basis of 2256 WP5-Na⊃L-Ala-OEt and 3299 WP5-Na⊃L-Arg-OEt conformers sampled from MD, the gradient boosting regression (GBR) model exhibits a satisfactory performance (R2 = 0.91) in predicting the chirality of WP5-Na complexations using host-guest binding descriptors, including the geometry matching and binding sites and modes (electrostatics and hydrogen bonding). The machine learning model also performs well on external tests of different hosts (using different side chains and cavity sizes) with the addition of 22 other different guests, with the average chirality prediction accuracy of ML versus experimental CD determinations of 92.8%. The easily accessible host-guest features, binding position coordination and size matching between the cavity and guest, exhibit a close correlation to the chirality of different macrocyclic molecules, water-soluble pillar[6]arenes (WP6) versus WP5, in complexation with different amino acid guests. The exploration of efficient host-guest features in ML displays the great potential of building a large space of various assembled systems and accelerating the on-demand design of chiral supramolecular systems at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- MaAnShan High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, MaAnShan 238200, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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11
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Kato K, Kaneda T, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Per-Arylation of Pillar[ n]arenes: An Effective Tool to Modify the Properties of Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6905-6913. [PMID: 36929722 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Installation of various substituents is a reliable and versatile way to alter the properties of macrocyclic molecules, but high-yield and controlled methods are not always available especially for multifold reactions. Herein, we report 10- and 12-fold introduction of aryl substituents onto both rims of cylinder-shaped pillar[n]arenes, which usually have alkoxy substituents slanting to the cylinder axes. Although alkoxy pillar[5]arenes exist as D5-symmetric enantiomeric pairs, arylated pillar[5]arenes provide crushed single-crystal structures and stereoisomerism including C2-symmetric conformations depending on the aryl groups. Pillar[n]arenes with 2-benzofuranyl groups display bright fluorescence with quantum yields of 88-90% and no host-guest complexation with electron-deficient molecules in solution due to large deviation from alkoxy compounds. A benzofuran-appended pillar[6]arene instead captures small gaseous molecules in the solid state, probably owing to outside spaces surrounded by aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kaneda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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12
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Cation controlled rotation in anionic pillar[5]arenes and its application for fluorescence switch. Nat Commun 2023; 14:590. [PMID: 36737437 PMCID: PMC9898256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling molecular motion is one of hot topics in the field of chemistry. Molecular rotors have wide applications in building nanomachines and functional materials, due to their controllable rotations. Hence, the development of novel rotor systems, controlled by external stimuli, is desirable. Pillar[n]arenes, a class of macrocycles, have a unique planar chirality, in which two stable conformational isomers pR and pS would interconvert by oxygen-through-the-annulus rotations of their hydroquinone rings. We observe the differential kinetic traits of planar chirality transformation in sodium carboxylate pillar[5]arene (WP5-Na) and ammonium carboxylate pillar[5]arene (WP5-NH4), which inspire us to construct a promising rotary platform in anionic pillar[5]arenes (WP5) skeletons. Herein, we demonstrate the non-negligible effect of counter cations on rotational barriers of hydroquinone rings in WP5, which enables a cation grease/brake rotor system. Applications of this tunable rotor system as fluorescence switch and anti-counterfeiting ink are further explored.
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13
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Shi TH, Nagata Y, Akine S, Ohtani S, Kato K, Ogoshi T. A Twisted Chiral Cavitand with 5-Fold Symmetry and Its Length-Selective Binding Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23677-23684. [PMID: 36529936 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Controlling bottom-up syntheses from chiral seeds to construct architectures with specific chiralities is currently challenging. Herein, a twisted chiral cavitand with 5-fold symmetry was constructed by bottom-up synthesis using corannulene as the chiral seed and pillar[5]arene as the chiral wall. After docking between the seed and the wall, their dynamic chiralities (M and P) are fixed. Moreover, the formed hedges also exhibit M and P chirality. Through dynamic covalent bonding, the thermodynamically stable product is obtained selectively as a pair of enantiomers (MMM and PPP), where all three subcomponents, i.e., the corannulene, hedges, and pillar[5]arene, are tilted in the same direction. Furthermore, the twisted cavitand exhibits length-selective binding to alkylene dibromides, with three maximum binding constants being unexpectedly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- WPI Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI- ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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14
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Fa S, Shi TH, Akama S, Adachi K, Wada K, Tanaka S, Oyama N, Kato K, Ohtani S, Nagata Y, Akine S, Ogoshi T. Real-time chirality transfer monitoring from statistically random to discrete homochiral nanotubes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7378. [PMID: 36450720 PMCID: PMC9712533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Real time monitoring of chirality transfer processes is necessary to better understand their kinetic properties. Herein, we monitor an ideal chirality transfer process from a statistically random distribution to a diastereomerically pure assembly in real time. The chirality transfer is based on discrete trimeric tubular assemblies of planar chiral pillar[5]arenes, achieving the construction of diastereomerically pure trimers of pillar[5]arenes through synergistic effect of ion pairing between a racemic rim-differentiated pillar[5]arene pentaacid bearing five benzoic acids on one rim and five alkyl chains on the other, and an optically resolved pillar[5]arene decaamine bearing ten amines. When the decaamine is mixed with the pentaacid, the decaamine is sandwiched by two pentaacids through ten ion pairs, initially producing a statistically random mixture of a homochiral trimer and two heterochiral trimers. The heterochiral trimers gradually dissociate and reassemble into the homochiral trimers after unit flipping of the pentaacid, leading to chirality transfer from the decaamine and producing diastereomerically pure trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan ,grid.440588.50000 0001 0307 1240School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072 P.R. China
| | - Tan-hao Shi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Suzu Akama
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Adachi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Seigo Tanaka
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Naoki Oyama
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691WPI Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
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15
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Hirao T. Macromolecular architectures constructed by biscalix[5]arene–[60]fullerene host–guest interactions. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Kato K, Kurakake Y, Ohtani S, Fa S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Ogoshi T. Discrete Macrocycles with Fixed Chirality and Two Distinct Sides: Dipole‐Dependent Chiroptical Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209222. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Kurakake
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
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17
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Kato K, Kurakake Y, Ohtani S, Fa S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Ogoshi T. Discrete Macrocycles with Fixed Chirality and Two Distinct Sides: Dipole‐Dependent Chiroptical Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering KatsuraNishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Yuta Kurakake
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Shixin Fa
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
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18
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Kato K, Fa S, Ohtani S, Shi TH, Brouwer AM, Ogoshi T. Noncovalently bound and mechanically interlocked systems using pillar[ n]arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3648-3687. [PMID: 35445234 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are pillar-shaped macrocyclic compounds owing to the methylene bridges linking the para-positions of the units. Owing to their unique pillar-shaped structures, these compounds exhibit various excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules, such as versatile functionality using various organic synthesis techniques, substituent-dependent solubility, cavity-size-dependent host-guest properties in organic media, and unit rotation along with planar chiral inversion. These advantages have enabled the high-yield synthesis and rational design of pillar[n]arene-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). In particular, new types of pillar[n]arene-based MIMs that can dynamically convert between interlocked and unlocked states through unit rotation have been produced. The highly symmetrical pillar-shaped structures of pillar[n]arenes result in simple NMR spectra, which are useful for studying the motion of pillar[n]arene wheels in MIMs and creating sophisticated MIMs with higher-order structures. The creation and application of polymeric MIMs based on pillar[n]arenes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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19
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Hu QP, Zhou H, Huang TY, Ao YF, Wang DX, Wang QQ. Chirality Gearing in an Achiral Cage through Adaptive Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6180-6184. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng-Yu Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Fa S, Tomita T, Wada K, Yasuhara K, Ohtani S, Kato K, Gon M, Tanaka K, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Ogoshi T. CPL on/off control of an assembled system by water soluble macrocyclic chiral sources with planar chirality. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5846-5853. [PMID: 35685810 PMCID: PMC9132087 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00952h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and planar chiral properties of a pair of water-soluble cationic pillar[5]arenes with stereogenic carbons. Interestingly, although units of the molecules were rotatable, only one planar chiral diastereomer existed in water in both cases. As a new type of chiral source, these molecules transmitted chiral information from the planar chiral cavities to the assembly of a water-soluble extended π-conjugated compound, affording circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The chirality transfer process and resulting CPL were extremely sensitive to the feed ratio of the chiral pillar[5]arenes owing to the combined action of their planar chirality, bulkiness, and strong binding properties. When a limited amount of chiral source was added, further assembly of the extended π-conjugated compound into helical fibers with CPL was triggered. Unexpectedly, larger amounts of chiral source destroyed the helical fiber assemblies, resulting in elimination of the chirality and CPL properties from the assembled structures. Readily obtained pillar[5]arenes with pure planar chirality enabled CPL on/off control of an assembled system by varying the feed ratio.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takuya Tomita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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21
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Shi C, Li H, Shi X, Zhao L, Qiu H. Chiral pillar[n]arenes: Conformation inversion, material preparation and applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Fa S, Mizobata M, Nagano S, Suetsugu K, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Ogoshi T. Reversible "On/Off" Chiral Amplification of Pillar[5]arene Assemblies by Dual External Stimuli. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16794-16801. [PMID: 34542992 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report dual-stimuli, thermo- and photostimuli, responsive chiral assemblies, of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes with azobenzene groups on their rims. The azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes were synthesized by copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition "click" reaction of azide-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes containing S or R stereogenic carbon atoms with an alkyne-substituted azobenzene. These decaazides with stereogenic carbons could act as starting points for a large library of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. Homeotropic alignment of azobenzenes, caused by the mesogenic property of the azobenzene groups, was induced by annealing a film of the azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. The alignment resulted in chiral propagation from the planar-chiral pillar[5]arene cores to the azobenzene area and caused significant chiral amplification consequently. These aligned chiral assemblies were collapsed by trans to cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups, resulting in chiral amplification off, and reconstructed by cis to trans thermo-isomerization, again turning on the chiral amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizobata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kota Suetsugu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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23
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Chen Y, Sun B, Wang R, Shi C, Cheng M, Jiang J, Lin C, Wang L. Redox-Driven Chiral Inversion of Water-Soluble Pillar[5]arene with l-Cystine Derivative in the Aqueous Medium. Org Lett 2021; 23:7423-7427. [PMID: 34523339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the aqueous solution, l-CySS-OMe induced pS-WP5 from racemic WP5. Upon the addition of dithiothreitol as a reducing reagent to the above system, pS-WP5 was then converted to pR-WP5 for the reason that l-CySS-OMe was reduced to l-Cys-OMe. Followed by the addition of H2O2 as an oxidation reagent, pR-WP5 was converted back to pS-WP5. The chiral conformational transferring process between pR-WP5 and pS-WP5 can be easily and visually observed by reading the CD signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baobao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Conghao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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24
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Tay HM, Kyratzis N, Thoonen S, Boer SA, Turner DR, Hua C. Synthetic strategies towards chiral coordination polymers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Chen Y, Fu L, Sun B, Qian C, Pangannaya S, Zhu H, Ma J, Jiang J, Ni Z, Wang R, Lu X, Wang L. Selection of Planar Chiral Conformations between Pillar[5,6]arenes Induced by Amino Acid Derivatives in Aqueous Media. Chemistry 2021; 27:5890-5896. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Lulu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Baobao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Srikala Pangannaya
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Ni
- College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Taipa Macau P. R. China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- School of Earth Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- Advanced Materials Institute Qilu University of Technology, (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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26
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Li W, Gu Q, Wang X, Zhang D, Wang Y, He X, Wang W, Yang H. AIE‐Active Chiral [3]Rotaxanes with Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xu‐Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Dan‐Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Te Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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27
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Li W, Gu Q, Wang X, Zhang D, Wang Y, He X, Wang W, Yang H. AIE‐Active Chiral [3]Rotaxanes with Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9507-9515. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xu‐Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Dan‐Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Te Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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28
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Fa S, Adachi K, Nagata Y, Egami K, Kato K, Ogoshi T. Pre-regulation of the planar chirality of pillar[5]arenes for preparing discrete chiral nanotubes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3483-3488. [PMID: 34163621 PMCID: PMC8179476 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating the chirality of macrocyclic host molecules and supramolecular assemblies is crucial because chirality often plays a role in governing the properties of these systems. Herein, we describe pillar[5]arene-based chiral nanotube formation via pre-regulation of the building blocks' chirality, which is different from frequently used post-regulation strategies. The planar chirality of rim-differentiated pillar[5]arenes is initially regulated by chiral awakening and further induction/inversion through stepwise achiral external stimuli. The pre-regulated chiral information is well stored in discrete nanotubes by interacting with a per-alkylamino-substituted pillar[5]arene. Such pre-regulation is more efficient than post-regulating the chirality of nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- WPI Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kouichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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29
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Fa S, Egami K, Adachi K, Kato K, Ogoshi T. Sequential Chiral Induction and Regulator‐Assisted Chiral Memory of Pillar[5]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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30
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Fa S, Egami K, Adachi K, Kato K, Ogoshi T. Sequential Chiral Induction and Regulator‐Assisted Chiral Memory of Pillar[5]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20353-20356. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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31
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Henderson WR, Castellano RK. Supramolecular polymerization of chiral molecules devoid of chiral centers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Wan K, Gao SC, Fang X, Xu MY, Yang Y, Xue M. Oxacalix[4]arene-bridged pillar[5]arene dimers: syntheses, planar chirality and construction of chiral rotaxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10155-10158. [PMID: 32744554 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally fixed oxacalix[4]arene-bridged pillar[5]arene dimers comprising a pair of enantiomers and a meso isomer were designed and synthesized. Furthermore, chiral [2]rotaxanes and [3]rotaxanes were constructed. Two pairs of enantiomers for [2]rotaxanes, one pair of enantiomers and a meso isomer for [3]rotaxanes were found, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Shi-Chang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meng-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Min Xue
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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33
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Du K, Demay-Drouhard P, Samanta K, Li S, Thikekar TU, Wang H, Guo M, van Lagen B, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. Stereochemical Inversion of Rim-Differentiated Pillar[5]arene Molecular Swings. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11368-11374. [PMID: 32820630 PMCID: PMC7498154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
To
investigate the dynamic stereochemical inversion behavior of
pillar[5]arenes (P[5]s) in more detail, we synthesized a series of
novel rim-differentiated P[5]s with various substituents and examined
their rapid rotations by variable-temperature NMR (203–298
K). These studies revealed for the first time the barrier of “methyl-through-the-annulus”
rotation (ΔG‡ = 47.4 kJ·mol–1 in acetone) and indicated that for rim-differentiated
P[5]s with two types of alkyl substituents, the smaller rim typically
determines the rate of rotation. However, substituents with terminal
C=C or C≡C bonds give rise to lower inversion barriers,
presumably as a result of attractive π–π interactions
in the transition state. Finally, data on a rim-differentiated penta-methyl-penta-propargyl
P[5] exhibited the complexity of the overall inversion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Paul Demay-Drouhard
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kushal Samanta
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shunshun Li
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Barend van Lagen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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34
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Grecchi S, Arnaboldi S, Korb M, Cirilli R, Araneo S, Guglielmi V, Tomboni G, Magni M, Benincori T, Lang H, Mussini PR. Widening the Scope of “Inherently Chiral” Electrodes: Enantiodiscrimination of Chiral Electroactive Probes with Planar Stereogenicity. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Marcus Korb
- The University of Western AustraliaFaculty of Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei FarmaciIstituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Silvia Araneo
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Vittoria Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Giorgio Tomboni
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Mirko Magni
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität ChemnitzFaculty of Natural SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Straße der Nationen 62 D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Patrizia R. Mussini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
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35
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Xiao C, Wu W, Liang W, Zhou D, Kanagaraj K, Cheng G, Su D, Zhong Z, Chruma JJ, Yang C. Redox‐Triggered Chirality Switching and Guest‐Capture/Release with a Pillar[6]arene‐Based Molecular Universal Joint. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental SciencesShanxi University China
| | - Dayang Zhou
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, ISIROsaka University Japan
| | - Kuppusamy Kanagaraj
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jason J. Chruma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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36
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Xiao C, Wu W, Liang W, Zhou D, Kanagaraj K, Cheng G, Su D, Zhong Z, Chruma JJ, Yang C. Redox-Triggered Chirality Switching and Guest-Capture/Release with a Pillar[6]arene-Based Molecular Universal Joint. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8094-8098. [PMID: 31958199 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A chiral electrochemically responsive molecular universal joint (EMUJ) was synthesized by fusing a macrocyclic pillar[6]arene (P[6]) to a ferrocene-based side ring. A single crystal of an enantiopure EMUJ was successfully obtained, which allowed, for the first time, the definitive correlation between the absolute configuration and the circular dichroism spectrum of a P[6] derivative to be determined. The self-inclusion and self-exclusion conformational change of the EMUJ led to a chiroptical inversion of the P[6] moiety, which could be manipulated by both solvents and changes in temperature. The EMUJ also displayed a unique redox-triggered reversible in/out conformational switching, corresponding to an occupation/voidance switching of the P[6] cavity, respectively. This phenomenon is an unprecedented electrochemical manipulation of the capture and release of guest molecules by supramolecular hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Shanxi University, China
| | - Dayang Zhou
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, ISIR, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Kuppusamy Kanagaraj
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jason J Chruma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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37
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Chen Y, Fu L, Sun B, Qian C, Wang R, Jiang J, Lin C, Ma J, Wang L. Competitive Selection of Conformation Chirality of Water-Soluble Pillar[5]arene Induced by Amino Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:2266-2270. [PMID: 32109079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The competitive conformation chirality of dynamically racemic water-soluble pillar[5]arene WP5 can be induced by 19 different l-amino acid ethyl ester hydrochlorides. Among them, l-Arg-OEt and 18 other l-amino acid ethyl ester hydrochlorides can induce the opposite-handedness conformation of WP5. This was ascribed to the different binding models with a side-chain moiety or ethyl ester moiety of amino acids toward the cavity of WP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lulu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baobao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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38
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Nagata Y, Suzuki M, Shimada Y, Sengoku H, Nishida S, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Suginome M, Ogoshi T. Holding of planar chirality of pillar[5]arene by kinetic trapping using host-guest interactions with achiral guest solvents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8424-8427. [PMID: 32579635 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03413d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a solvent-dependent switching and holding of planar chirality of pillar[5]arene with stereogenic carbons at both rims by host-guest complexation with achiral guest solvents. The planar chirality could be held for a given length of time at 25 °C in long linear guest solvents by kinetic trapping through host-guest complexation. The kinetic trapping worked at 25 °C, but not at 60 °C, thus a planar-chiral inversion using kinetic trapping based on host-guest complexation in the long linear solvents was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Misaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shimada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sengoku
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shungo Nishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan and WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Michinori Suginome
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. and WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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