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Welden R, Schöning MJ, Wagner PH, Wagner T. Light-Addressable Electrodes for Dynamic and Flexible Addressing of Biological Systems and Electrochemical Reactions. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061680. [PMID: 32192226 PMCID: PMC7147159 DOI: 10.3390/s20061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we are going to present an overview on possible applications of light-addressable electrodes (LAE) as actuator/manipulation devices besides classical electrode structures. For LAEs, the electrode material consists of a semiconductor. Illumination with a light source with the appropiate wavelength leads to the generation of electron-hole pairs which can be utilized for further photoelectrochemical reaction. Due to recent progress in light-projection technologies, highly dynamic and flexible illumination patterns can be generated, opening new possibilities for light-addressable electrodes. A short introduction on semiconductor–electrolyte interfaces with light stimulation is given together with electrode-design approaches. Towards applications, the stimulation of cells with different electrode materials and fabrication designs is explained, followed by analyte-manipulation strategies and spatially resolved photoelectrochemical deposition of different material types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Welden
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Center Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick H. Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Center Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-6009-53766
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2
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Walenta CA, Courtois C, Kollmannsberger SL, Eder M, Tschurl M, Heiz U. Surface Species in Photocatalytic Methanol Reforming on Pt/TiO2(110): Learning from Surface Science Experiments for Catalytically Relevant Conditions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin A. Walenta
- Chair of Physical Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Carla Courtois
- Chair of Physical Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sebastian L. Kollmannsberger
- Chair of Physical Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Moritz Eder
- Chair of Physical Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Chair of Physical Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Chair of Physical Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
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The Mechanism of Adsorption, Diffusion, and Photocatalytic Reaction of Organic Molecules on TiO2 Revealed by Means of On-Site Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Observations. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of organic molecules and titanium dioxide (TiO2) plays a crucial role in many industry-oriented applications and an understanding of its mechanism can be helpful for the improvement of catalytic efficiency of TiO2. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been proved to be a powerful tool in characterizing reaction pathways due to its ability in providing on-site images during the catalytic process. Over the past two decades, many research interests have been focused on the elementary reaction steps, such as adsorption, diffusion, and photocatalytic reaction, occurring between organic molecules and model TiO2 surfaces. This review collects the recent studies where STM was utilized to study the interaction of TiO2 with three classes of representative organic molecules, i.e., alcohols, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds. STM can provide direct evidence for the adsorption configuration, diffusion route, and photocatalytic pathway. In addition, the combination of STM with other techniques, including photoemission spectroscopy (PES), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and density functional theory (DFT), have been discussed for more insights related to organic molecules-TiO2 interaction.
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Tachikawa T, Tojo S, Kawai K, Endo M, Fujitsuka M, Ohno T, Nishijima K, Miyamoto Z, Majima T. Photocatalytic Oxidation Reactivity of Holes in the Sulfur- and Carbon-Doped TiO2 Powders Studied by Time-Resolved Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0470593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tachikawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tojo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Ohno
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Nishijima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Zenta Miyamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensuicho 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
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Somasundaram S, Ming Y, Chenthamarakshan CR, Schelly ZA, Rajeshwar K. Free Radical-Mediated Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reduction of Metal Ions in UV-Irradiated Titanium Dioxide Suspensions. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036729m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sashikala Somasundaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Yong Ming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - C. R. Chenthamarakshan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Zoltan A. Schelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Krishnan Rajeshwar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
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