1
|
Welden R, Das A, Krause S, Schöning MJ, Wagner PH, Wagner T. Actively Driven Light-Addressable Sensor/Actuator System for Automated pH Control for the Integration in Lab-On-A-Chip (LoC) Platforms. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1533-1544. [PMID: 38445576 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The miniaturization of microfluidic systems usually comes at the cost of more difficult integration of sensors and actuators inside the channel. As an alternative, this work demonstrates the embedding of semiconductor-based sensor and actuator technologies that can be spatially and temporally controlled from outside the channel using light. The first element is a light-addressable potentiometric sensor, consisting of an Al/Si/SiO2/Si3N4 structure, that can measure pH changes at the Si3N4/electrolyte interface. The pH value is a crucial factor in biological and chemical systems, and besides measuring, it is often important to bring the system out of equilibrium or to adjust and control precisely the surrounding medium. This can be done photoelectrocatalytically by utilizing light-addressable electrodes. These consist of a glass/SnO2:F/TiO2 structure, whereby direct charge transfer between the TiO2 and the electrolyte leads to a pH change upon irradiation. To complement the advantages of both, we integrated a light-addressable sensor with a pH sensitivity of 41.5 mV·pH-1 and a light-addressable electrode into a microfluidic setup. Here, we demonstrated a simultaneous operation with the ability to generate and record pH gradients inside a channel under static and dynamic flow conditions. The results show that dependent on the light-addressable electrode (LAE)-illumination conditions, pH changes up to ΔpH of 2.75 and of 3.52 under static and dynamic conditions, respectively, were spatially monitored by the light-addressable potentiometric sensor. After flushing with fresh buffer solution, the pH returned to its initial value. Depending on the LAE illumination, pH gradients with a maximum pH change of ΔpH of 1.42 were tailored perpendicular to the flow direction. In a final experiment, synchronous LAE illumination led to a stepwise increase in the pH inside the channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Welden
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Anirban Das
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Patrick H Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Welden R, Komesu CAN, Wagner PH, Schöning MJ, Wagner T. Photoelectrochemical enzymatic penicillin biosensor: A proof‐of‐concept experiment. Electrochemical Science Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Welden
- Institute of Nano‐ and Biotechnologies Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Patrick H. Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano‐ and Biotechnologies Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI‐3) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano‐ and Biotechnologies Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI‐3) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karschuck T, Kaulen C, Poghossian A, Wagner PH, Schöning MJ. Gold nanoparticle‐modified capacitive field‐effect sensors: Studying the surface density of nanoparticles and coupling of charged polyelectrolyte macromolecules. Electrochemical Science Advances 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Karschuck
- Institute of Nano‐ und Biotechnologies Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
| | - Corinna Kaulen
- Institute of Nano‐ und Biotechnologies Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
| | | | | | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano‐ und Biotechnologies Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI‐3) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Welden R, Schöning MJ, Wagner PH, Wagner T. Light-Addressable Electrodes for Dynamic and Flexible Addressing of Biological Systems and Electrochemical Reactions. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20061680. [PMID: 32192226 PMCID: PMC7147159 DOI: 10.3390/s20061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we are going to present an overview on possible applications of light-addressable electrodes (LAE) as actuator/manipulation devices besides classical electrode structures. For LAEs, the electrode material consists of a semiconductor. Illumination with a light source with the appropiate wavelength leads to the generation of electron-hole pairs which can be utilized for further photoelectrochemical reaction. Due to recent progress in light-projection technologies, highly dynamic and flexible illumination patterns can be generated, opening new possibilities for light-addressable electrodes. A short introduction on semiconductor–electrolyte interfaces with light stimulation is given together with electrode-design approaches. Towards applications, the stimulation of cells with different electrode materials and fabrication designs is explained, followed by analyte-manipulation strategies and spatially resolved photoelectrochemical deposition of different material types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Welden
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Center Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick H. Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Center Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-6009-53766
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiménez-Monroy KL, Renaud N, Drijkoningen J, Cortens D, Schouteden K, van Haesendonck C, Guedens WJ, Manca JV, Siebbeles LDA, Grozema FC, Wagner PH. High Electronic Conductance through Double-Helix DNA Molecules with Fullerene Anchoring Groups. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1182-1188. [PMID: 28094940 PMCID: PMC5330649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Determining
the mechanism of charge transport through native DNA
remains a challenge as different factors such as measuring conditions,
molecule conformations, and choice of technique can significantly
affect the final results. In this contribution, we have used a new
approach to measure current flowing through isolated double-stranded
DNA molecules, using fullerene groups to anchor the DNA to a gold
substrate. Measurements were performed at room temperature in an inert
environment using a conductive AFM technique. It is shown that the
π-stacked B-DNA structure is conserved on depositing the DNA.
As a result, currents in the nanoampere range were obtained for voltages
ranging between ±1 V. These experimental results are supported
by a theoretical model that suggests that a multistep hopping mechanism
between delocalized domains is responsible for the long-range current
flow through this specific type of DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathia L Jiménez-Monroy
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Renaud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Drijkoningen
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.,IMO & X-LaB, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - David Cortens
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wanda J Guedens
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jean V Manca
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.,IMO & X-LaB, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Laurens D A Siebbeles
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick H Wagner
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Collins KA, Geisinger KR, Wagner PH, Blackburn KS, Washburn LK, Block SM. The cytologic evaluation of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages as an indicator of aspiration pneumonia in young children. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995; 119:229-31. [PMID: 7887776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux with aspiration of feedings in infants and young children may be involved in the development of chronic lung damage. Our laboratory has utilized tracheal aspirates stained with oil red O to identify and quantitate lipid-laden alveolar macrophages as a marker of such aspiration. During the last 10 years, we have evaluated 244 tracheal aspiration smears in children. Although a few patients were up to 3 years old, the vast majority were infants. The cytologist looked for the presence of and the number of oil red O-positive macrophages on tracheal aspirate smears. The specimens were easily assigned grades of absent (grade = 0), low positive (grade 1: 1-25 lipid-laden macrophages), moderate positive (grade 2: 26-50 lipid-laden macrophages), and high positive (grade 3: > 50 lipid-laden macrophages). The grade was then correlated with the positive or negative clinical diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux with aspiration. We believe the cytologic evaluation and grading of oil red O-stained tracheal aspirates for lipid-laden macrophages is valuable in identifying these patients with gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Department of Pathology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schulze G, Kröger E, Wagner PH. [Case reports and problems of rheumatic fever in adults]. Med Welt 1967; 45:2679-82 passim. [PMID: 5609205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|