1
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Yang Z, Esteve F, Antheaume C, Lehn JM. Triply Adaptive Libraries of Dynamic Covalent Macrocycles: Switching between Sorted and Unsorted States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15438-15445. [PMID: 38798165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic noncovalent and covalent chemistries have enabled the constitutional modulation of chemical entities within chemical dynamic systems. The switching between order and disorder, i.e., self-sorted and unsorted states of constitutional dynamic libraries, remains challenging. Herein, we study the adaptive behaviors of a dynamic library of imine macrocycles generated from dialdehydes and diamines, seeking ways to exert control over sorting and unsorting processes. The distribution of constituents in the present library of dynamic macrocycles is modulated in response to internal and external effectors (e.g., time, metal cations, and chemical fuels), resulting in the transient amplification of self-sorted constituents in out-of-equilibrium states. The present study showcases higher complexity in systems subject to multiple adaptation through the dynamic interconversion between singularity/order and diversity/disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozheng Yang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ferran Esteve
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Ghorai S, Natarajan R. Chiral Self-Sorting, Spontaneous Resolution, and Hierarchical Self-Assembly in Metal-Organic Cages. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400842. [PMID: 38708784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The ability to collectively program chiral recognition and the hierarchical self-assembly of molecular and supramolecular building blocks into complex higher-order superstructures is a significant goal in supramolecular chemistry. Metal-organic cages are excellent model systems to examine chiral self-sorting and build hierarchical self-assembly. Herein, details on how limiting the conformational flexibility and incorporating hydrogen bonding functional groups in the ligands can influence chiral self-sorting and hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic cages are reported. The urea-functionalized axially chiral bis-pyridyl ligands afford high-fidelity in chiral self-sorting in Pd2L4 cages, when they have fewer conformations. Ligand L1, with more conformations, affords mixture of heterochiral and homochiral cages (≈70:30). Among them, the heterochiral cage adopts unusual twisted conformation and self-assembles into 2D sheets, linked by anion coordination between urea and nitrate. Ligand L2, with fewer conformations, affords homochiral cages via high-fidelity chiral self-sorting. The choice of counter anions influences further self-sorting in the solid state: racemate with PF6 - and spontaneously resolves conglomerate with BF4 -. Urea-BF4 hydrogen bonding directs hierarchical self-assembly of the Pd2L4 metal-organic cages into super-cubic networks. The study introduces a new approach in hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic cages into higher-order networks aided by hydrogen bonding anion coordination with functional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ghorai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Huang YH, Lu YL, Zhang XD, Liu CH, Ruan J, Qin YH, Cao ZM, Jiang J, Xu HS, Su CY. Dynamic Stereochemistry of M 8 Pd 6 Supramolecular Cages Based on Metal-Center Lability for Differential Chiral Induction, Resolution, and Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315053. [PMID: 37883532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of isostructural supramolecular cages with a rhombic dodecahedron shape have been assembled with distinct metal-coordination lability (M8 Pd6 -MOC-16, M=Ru2+ , Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+ ). The chirality transfer between metal centers generally imposes homochirality on individual cages to enable solvent-dependent spontaneous resolution of Δ8 /Λ8 -M8 Pd6 enantiomers; however, their distinguishable stereochemical dynamics manifests differential chiral phenomena governed by the cage stability following the order Ru8 Pd6 >Ni8 Pd6 >Fe8 Pd6 >Zn8 Pd6 . The highly labile Zn centers endow the Zn8 Pd6 cage with conformational flexibility and deformation, enabling intrigue chiral-Δ8 /Λ8 -Zn8 Pd6 to meso-Δ4 Λ4 -Zn8 Pd6 transition induced by anions. The cage stabilization effect differs from inert Ru2+ , metastable Fe2+ /Ni2+ , and labile Zn2+ , resulting in different chiral-guest induction. Strikingly, solvent-mediated host-guest interactions have been revealed for Δ8 /Λ8 -(Ru/Ni/Fe)8 Pd6 cages to discriminate the chiral recognition of the guests with opposite chirality. These results demonstrate a versatile procedure to control the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages based on the dynamic metal centers, thus providing guidance to maneuver cage chirality at a supramolecular level by virtue of the solvent, anion, and guest to benefit practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hui Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chen-Hui Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia Ruan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Min Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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4
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Takimoto K, Shimada T, Nagura K, Hill JP, Nakanishi T, Yuge H, Ishihara S, Labuta J, Sato H. Thermo-/Mechano-Chromic Chiral Coordination Dimer: Formation of Switchable and Metastable Discrete Structure through Chiral Self-Sorting. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25160-25169. [PMID: 37943955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Although strong chiral self-sorting often emerges in extended covalent or supramolecular polymers, the phenomenon is generally weak in discrete assemblies (e.g., dimers and oligomers) of small molecules due to the lack of a cooperative growth mechanism. Consequently, chiral self-sorting has been overlooked in the design of switchable and metastable discrete supramolecular structures. Here, we report a butyl-benzo[h]quinoline-based iridium(III) complex (Bu-Ir) with helical chirality at its metal center, which forms preferentially a homochiral dimer and exhibits thermo-/mechano-chromism based on a monomer-dimer transformation. While a five-coordinate monomer is formed in a racemic or an enantiopure Bu-Ir solution at 25 °C, a six-coordinate homochiral dimer complex is formed almost exclusively at low temperatures, with a higher degree of dimerization in enantiopure Bu-Ir solution. Estimation of apparent dimerization binding constants (K) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔH and ΔS) based on variable temperature ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and 1H NMR spectra reveals a strong preference for homochiral dimerization (largest known value for the coordination complex, Khomo/Khetero > 50). Notably, crystals of the homochiral dimer are metastable, undergoing a distinct color change upon grinding (from yellow to red) due to mechanical cleavage of coordination bonds (i.e., a dimer to monomer transformation). A comparison with control compounds having different substituents (proton, methyl, isopropyl, and phenyl groups) reveals that Bu-Ir dimerization involves both strong homochiral self-sorting preference and connected thermo-/mechano-chromic behavior, which is based on matched propeller-shaped chirality and subtle steric repulsion between alkyl substituents that render the homochiral dimer switchable and metastable. These findings provide substantial insights into the emergence of dynamic functionality based on the rational design of discrete chiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takumi Shimada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagura
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yuge
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishihara
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hisako Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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5
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Menke FS, Wicher B, Maurizot V, Huc I. Homochiral versus Heterochiral Dimeric Helical Foldamer Bundles: Chlorinated-Solvent-Dependent Self-Sorting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217325. [PMID: 36625790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic oligoamide sequences programmed to fold into stable helical conformations were designed to display a linear array of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors at their surface. Sequences were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. Solution 1 H NMR spectroscopic studies and solid-state crystallographic structures demonstrated the formation of stable hydrogen-bond-mediated dimeric helix bundles that could be either heterochiral (with a P and an M helix) or homochiral (with two P or two M helices). Formation of the hetero- or homochiral dimers could be driven quantitatively using different chlorinated solvents-exemplifying a remarkable case of either social or narcissistic chiral self-sorting or upon imposing absolute handedness to the helices to forbid PM species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedericke S Menke
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka St., 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Victor Maurizot
- CBMN (UMR 5248), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, 2, Rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
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6
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Ghorai S, Maji S, Paul B, Samanta K, Kumar Sen S, Natarajan R. Chiral Self-Sorting in Pd 6 L 12 Metal-Organic Cages. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201312. [PMID: 36808865 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral self-sorting during the formation of cage-like molecules continues to fascinate and advance our understanding of the phenomenon in general. Herein, we report the chiral self-sorting in the Pd6 L12 -type metal-organic cages. When a racemic mixture of axially chiral bis-pyridyl ligands undergo coordination-driven self-assembly with Pd(II) ions to form Pd6 L12 -type cages, the system has the option of chiral self-sorting to afford any of at least 70 pairs of (one homochiral and 69 heterochiral) enantiomers and 5 meso isomers or a statistical mixture of everything. However, the system resulted in diastereoselective self-assembly through a high-fidelity chiral social self-sorting to form a racemic mixture of D3 symmetric heterochiral [Pd6 (L6R/6S )12 ]12+ /[Pd6 (L6S/6R )12 ]12+ cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ghorai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Suman Maji
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhaswati Paul
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Krishanu Samanta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shovan Kumar Sen
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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7
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Ghorai S, Natarajan R. Anion-Driven Programmable Chiral Self-Sorting in Metal-Organic Cages and Structural Transformations between Heterochiral and Homochiral Cages. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203085. [PMID: 36300703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When a racemic mixture of chiral building blocks self-assembles to form discrete molecular or supramolecular cages, the system can adopt either social or narcissistic chiral self-sorting. However, control over such chiral self-sorting is hard to achieve with a desired choice of outcome. Herein, we report anion templated high-fidelity chiral self-sorting during the coordination-driven self-assembly of [Pd2 L4 ] metal-organic cages, with a racemic mixture of an axially chiral ligand. Upon varying the counter-anions, the outcome of the choice of chiral self-sorting, whether social or narcissistic, leading to kinetically favored heterochiral or thermodynamically favored homochiral cages, can be controlled through specific anion encapsulation. Non-encapsulating anion afforded a mixture of all possible diastereomers. Anion exchange enabled structural transformations between the diastereomers and the conversion of the mixture of diastereomers into homochiral diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ghorai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700031, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700031, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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8
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Sun B, Meeus EJ, de Zwart FJ, Bobylev EO, Mooibroek TJ, Mathew S, Reek JNH. Chirality-Driven Self-Assembly of Discrete, Homochiral Fe II 2 L 3 Cages. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203900. [PMID: 36645137 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Coordination chemistry is a powerful method to synthesize supramolecular cages with distinct features that suit specific applications. This work demonstrates the synthesis of discrete, homochiral FeII 2 L3 cages via chirality-driven self-assembly. Specifically, the installation of chirality - at both the vertices and ligand backbones - allows the formation of discrete, homochiral FeII 2 L3 cages of different sizes via stereochemical control of the iron(II) centers. We observed that larger cages require multiple chiral centra (chiral ligands and vertices). In contrast, the formation of smaller cages is stereoselective with solely chiral ligands. The latter cages can also be formed from two chiral subcomponents, but only when they have matching chirality. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of these smaller FeII 2 L3 cages revealed several non-covalent interactions as a driving force for narcissistic chiral self-sorting. This expected behavior was confirmed utilizing the shorter ligands in racemic form, yielding discrete, homochiral FeII 2 L3 cages formed in enantiomeric pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva J Meeus
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiddo J Mooibroek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Chen J, Yang Z, Zhu G, Fu E, Li P, Chen F, Yu C, Wang S, Zhang S. Heterochiral Diastereomer-Discriminative Diphanes That Form Hierarchical Superstructures with Nonlinear Optical Properties. JACS AU 2022; 2:1661-1668. [PMID: 35911451 PMCID: PMC9327085 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the emergence of homochirality during complex molecular systems, most works mainly concentrated on the resolution of a pair of enantiomers. However, the preference of homochiral over heterochiral isomers has been overlooked, with very limited examples focusing only on noncovalent interactions. We herein report on diastereomeric discrimination of twin-cavity cages (denoted as diphanes) against heterochiral tris-(2-aminopropyl)amine (TRPN) bearing triple stereocenters. This diastereomeric selectivity results from distinct spatial orientation of reactive secondary amines on TRPN. Homochiral TRPNs with all reactive moieties rotating in the same way facilitate the formation of homochiral and achiral meso diphanes with low strain energy, while heterochiral TRPNs with uneven orientation of secondary amines preclude the formation of cage-like entity, since the virtual diphanes exhibit considerably high strain. Moreover, homochiral diphanes self-assemble into an acentric superstructure composed of single-handed helices, which exhibits interesting nonlinear optical behavior. Such a property is a unique occurrence for organic cages, which thus showcases their potential to spawn novel materials with interesting properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolong Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gucheng Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry
of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Enguang Fu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry
of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Abstract
Coordination driven self-assembly of achiral components, i.e., hexa-alkylated truxene ligands (L) with bis-metallic complexes (M2), afforded three chiral face-rotating stereoisomer polyhedra (M6L2). By tuning the length of the alkyl chains as well as the distance between both ligands facing each other in the self-assemblies (M6L2), one can control the diastereomeric distribution between the expected homo- and hetero-chiral structures.
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11
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Chiral self-sorting and guest recognition of porous aromatic cages. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4011. [PMID: 35817768 PMCID: PMC9273608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ultra-stable chiral porous organic cages (POCs) and their controllable chiral self-sorting at the molecular and supramolecular level remains challening. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a serial of axially chiral porous aromatic cages (PAC 1-S and 1-R) with high chemical stability. The theoretical and experimental studies on the chiral self-sorting reveal that the exclusive self-recognition on cage formation is an enthalpy-driven process while the chiral narcissistic and self-sorting on supramolecular assembly of racemic cages can be precisely regulated by π–π and C–H…π interactions from different solvents. Regarding the chemical stability, the crystallinity of PAC 1 is maintained in aqueous solvents, such as boiling water, high-concentrated acid and alkali; mixtures of solvents, such as 1 M H2SO4/MeOH/H2O solution, are also tolerated. Investigations on the chiral sensing performance show that PAC 1 enables enantioselective recognition of axially chiral biaryl molecules. The synthesis of stable chiral porous organic cages and the study of their chiral self-sorting properties is challenging. Here, the authors report axially chiral porous aromatic cages with high stability and solvent-controlled chiral self-sorting.
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12
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Xu C, Lin Q, Shan C, Han X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Z, Guo C, Xie Y, Yu X, Song B, Song H, Wojtas L, Li X. Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203099. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Quanjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yinghao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
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13
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Xu C, Lin Q, Shan C, Han X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Z, Guo C, Xie Y, Yu X, Song B, Song H, Wojtas L, Li X. Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Quanjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yinghao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
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14
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Hu QP, Zhou H, Huang TY, Ao YF, Wang DX, Wang QQ. Chirality Gearing in an Achiral Cage through Adaptive Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6180-6184. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng-Yu Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Zhang H, Ao YF, Wang DX, Wang QQ. Triazine- and Binaphthol-Based Chiral Macrocycles and Cages: Synthesis, Structure, and Solid-State Assembly. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3491-3497. [PMID: 35170963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of triazine- and binaphthol-based homochiral and heterochiral macrocycles and cages were easily synthesized. Either fragment coupling or a one-pot approach afforded the desired products in 52-91% yields on a multigram scale as enantiopure forms. As disclosed by the crystal structures, these macrocycles and cages possess intriguing chiral cavities and assembly properties. In particular, (S,S,S)-Cage features a D3-symmetric double-faced propeller-like structure with three chiral pockets at the side. It forms a highly ordered hexagonal column-like assembly and multiple distinct helical channels in its crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Hirao T, Fujii N, Iwabe Y, Haino T. Self-sorting behavior in supramolecular fullerene polymerization directed by host-guest complexation between calix[5]arene and C 60. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11831-11834. [PMID: 34698736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe self-sorting supramolecular polymerization that uses chiral calix[5]arene hosts and a dumbbell-shaped fullerene guest. In a solution containing the racemic host and the guest, the (S)-host and the (R)-host preferably formed their homomeric complexes to form helical supramolecular fullerene polymers in a self-sorting manner. The self-sorting behavior has been studied using diffusion-ordered 1H NMR (DOSY) and circular dichroism (CD) studies. The present findings show that it is possible to accomplish controlled supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Naoka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Iwabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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17
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Zhang W, Gross JH, Elbert SM, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Chiral Self-sorting of Giant Cubic [8+12] Salicylimine Cage Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8896-8904. [PMID: 33476442 PMCID: PMC8048989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chiral self-sorting is intricately connected to the complicated chiral processes observed in nature and no artificial systems of comparably complexity have been generated by chemists. However, only a few examples of purely organic molecules have been reported so far, where the self-sorting process could be controlled. Herein, we describe the chiral self-sorting of large cubic [8+12] salicylimine cage compounds based on a chiral TBTQ precursor. Out of 23 possible cage isomers only the enantiopure and a meso cage were observed to be formed, which have been unambiguously characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, by careful choice of solvent the formation of meso cage could be controlled. With internal diameters of din =3.3-3.5 nm these cages are among the largest organic cage compounds characterized and show very high specific surface areas up to approx. 1500 m2 g-1 after desolvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Wen‐Shan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jürgen H. Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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18
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Yoshinari N, Konno T. Lithium-, Sodium-, and Potassium-ion Conduction in Polymeric and Discrete Coordination Systems. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0044, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0044, Japan
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19
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Zhang W, Gross JH, Elbert SM, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Chiral Self‐sorting of Giant Cubic [8+12] Salicylimine Cage Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wen‐Shan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürgen H. Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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20
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Abstract
Chirality is a pervasive structural feature of nature and crucial to the organization and function of nearly all biological systems. At the molecular level, the biased availability of enantiomers in nucleic and amino acids forms the basis for asymmetry. However, chirality expression in natural systems remains complex and intriguing across differing length scales. The translation of chirality toward synthetic systems therefore not only is crucial for fundamental understanding but also may address key challenges in biochemistry and pharmacology. From a structural viewpoint, a fascinating class of cavity-containing supramolecular assemblies, homochiral metal-organic complexes (MOCs), provides a good opportunity to study enantioselective processes. Chiral MOCs are constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly, wherein relatively simple molecular precursors are allowed to assemble into structurally well-defined two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles or 3D metallacages spontaneously with complex and varied functions. These aesthetically appealing structures present nanocavities with space-restricted chiral microenvironments capable of interacting distinctly with molecularly asymmetric guests, which is highly beneficial to explore the relay of chiral information from locally chiral molecules to globally chiral supramolecules, which is a significant challenge.In this Account, we specifically discuss our research toward rationally designed, synthetically accessible chiral MOCs over the past 12 years. The globally supramolecular chirality demonstrated by these well-defined MOCs prominently exceeds the constitutive molecular chirality of the components. First, we discuss chirality transfer and amplification in the context of induction and transmission from the constituent organic ligands of self-assembled chiral metallacycles. The creation of subtly chiral microenvironments in the metallacyclic architectures results from a tiny conformational bias of inner hydrophobic groups, subsequently allowing them to interact very specifically with one enantiomer over the other, thus imparting outstanding enantioseparation properties. Second, we have designed a series of chiral metallacycles and helical metallacages that are able to deploy chiral NH groups with available hydrogen bonding capacity, together with hydrophobic/CH-π interactions, bringing about cooperativity for binding of chiral substrates. It turns out that they can be used as artificial chiral receptors capable of exceptionally high enantiorecognition toward a wide range of biologically relevant molecules. Third, we recently developed a group of highly stable chiral metallacages that feature a catalytically confined nanospace with potential as supramolecular asymmetric catalysts. It has been suggested that the use of molecularly nanocaged chiral hosts in solution to substantially increase reactivity and enantioselectivity compared with the unconfined reactions, highlighting the intermetallic synergy, rationalizes the remarkable catalytic performance. Finally, we discuss our personal perspectives on the promises, opportunities, and key issues toward the future development of chiral MOCs. Needless to say that the fundamental understanding of the translation of chirality from molecular to supramolecular to macroscopic scales is crucial to unveil biological mechanisms. We hope the described supramolecular chirality of MOCs could be extendable to develop new and valuable chiral materials in chemistry, medicine, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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