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Passos JGR, Gomes JAS, Xavier-Santos JB, Yamashita FO, Cavalcanti-Cruz JV, Siqueira EMS, Garcia VB, Zucolotto SM, de Araujo-Junior RF, Ferreira LS, Silva-Junior AA, Félix-Silva J, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Anti-inflammatory, healing and antiophidic potential of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae): From popular use to pharmaceutical formulation in gel. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116290. [PMID: 38458010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. So, a topical gel containing the hydroethanolic extract of its leaves was developed and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antiophidic properties in mice. First, the chemical profile of different parts of the plant was characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using molecular networking. In the leaf extract, 11 compounds were characterized, with a particular emphasis on the identification of flavonoids. The gel efficiently inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, as well as acute and chronic croton oil-induced ear edema models, thereby reducing inflammatory and oxidative parameters in inflamed tissues. Besides anti-inflammatory activity, the herbal gel showed significant wound healing activity. The edematogenic, hemorrhagic and dermonecrotic activities induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom were effectively inhibited by the treatment with J. mollissima gel. The association with the herbal gel improved in up to 90% the efficacy of commercial snake antivenom in reduce venom-induced edema. Additionally, while antivenom was not able to inhibit venom-induced dermonecrosis, treatment with herbal gel reduced in 55% the dermonocrotic halo produced. These results demonstrate the pharmacological potential of the herbal gel containing J. mollissima extract, which could be a strong candidate for the development of herbal products that can be used to complement the current antivenom therapy against snake venom local toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia G R Passos
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Jacyra A S Gomes
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Jacinthia B Xavier-Santos
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana O Yamashita
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Joelly V Cavalcanti-Cruz
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Emerson M S Siqueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy (PNBio), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Barreto Garcia
- Cancer and Inflammatory Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Silvana M Zucolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy (PNBio), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araujo-Junior
- Cancer and Inflammatory Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Leandro S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Quality Control, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Arnóbio A Silva-Junior
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
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Fayez N, Khalil W, Abdel-Sattar E, Abdel-Fattah AFM. Involvement of TNFα, IL-1β, COX-2 and NO in the anti-inflammatory activity of Tamarix aphylla in Wistar albino rats: an in-vivo and in-vitro study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38273280 PMCID: PMC10809683 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of many side effects from synthetic drugs, there is an urgent need to find a natural alternative to these products. Therefore, our primary aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Tamarix aphylla (TA) and investigate the potential mechanism underlying this action. METHODS Initially, to ensure the safety of the extract and for dose selection, we performed an acute oral toxicity Assay through the oral administration of graded doses up to 4 g\kg in Wistar rats. then, we used the carrageenan-induced edema model to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity. Using specific ELISA kits, we measured the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and NO inside the inflamed paw tissue. Finally, for the in-vitro anti-inflammatory experiment, we used the erythrocyte membrane stability test. RESULTS Based on the acute oral toxicity assay, T. aphylla was considered generally safe and three different doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were chosen for further experiments. Additionally, TA expressed a significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, showing the maximum inhibition percentage at the fifth hour of measurement at 53.47% and 70.06%, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, compared to 63.81% for the standard drug. Similarly, we found that TA effectively reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β at all tested doses (100-200-400 mg/kg) to a greater extent than the standard drug. Moreover, at 400 mg/kg, TA was able to significantly lower the levels of COX-2 and NO inside the inflamed tissue to a level comparable (P < 0.05) with that measured inside the paw tissue of normal rats. Finally, Tamarix aphylla at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the heat-induced hemolysis of RBCs membrane by 67.78, 74.82 and 82.08%, respectively, compared to 83.89% produced by Aspirin. CONCLUSION T. aphylla produced a significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard drugs either through the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators or the protection of the lysosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Fayez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Waleed Khalil
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El- Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Fayez N, Khalil W, Abdel-Sattar E, Abdel-Fattah AFM. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the anti-inflammatory activity of olive leaf extract in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1529-1538. [PMID: 37029328 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex and crucial process that protects the body against pathogens. Here in our study, we propose to scientifically justify the anti-inflammatory activity of olive leaf (OL). Initially, we ensured the safety of olive leaf extract (OLE) through acute oral administration of graded doses up to 4 g\kg in Wistar rats. Thus, the extract was considered generally safe. We also evaluated the ability of the extract to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Compared to diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg PO), OLE showed significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, showing the maximum inhibition percentage at the fifth hour of measurement at 42.31% and 46.99%, at doses of 200 and 400 m/kg, respectively, compared to 63.81% for the standard drug. To elucidate the potential mechanism, we measured TNF, IL-1, COX-2 and NO inside the paw tissue. Interestingly, OLE at all tested doses reduced the concentration of TNF and IL-1 to a level that was lower than that obtained by the standard drug. Additionally, OLE at the dose of 400 mg/kg reduced the levels of COX-2 and NO inside the paw tissue to a level that was statistically equivalent to the level observed in the normal control group. Finally, olive leaf extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the heat-induced hemolysis of RBCs membrane by 25.62, 57.40 and 73.88%, respectively, compared to 83.89% produced by aspirin. Consequently, we concluded that olive leaf extract has a significant anti-inflammatory activity through the reduction of TNF, IL-1, COX-2 and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Fayez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Waleed Khalil
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Li Q, Han W, Yang C, Si Y, Xin M, Guan H, Li C. Low molecular-weight polyguluronate phosphate: An immunostimulant by activating splenocyte/macrophage invitro and improving immune response invivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:510-519. [PMID: 35803409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The substituents and backbones are two main factors affecting immune activities of polysaccharides. In the present study, we firstly evaluated the immunostimulating effects of phosphorylated, sulfated, H-phosphonated and nitrated derivatives of low-molecular-weight polymannuronate (LPM) and polyguluronate (LPG) on splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that the phosphate group was the best substituent to enhance the immune activities, and LPG phosphate (LPGP) had much better activity than LPM phosphate (LPMP). Further studies showed that LPGP not only promoted the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in the presence of either LPS or Con A, but also acted as an excellent peritoneal macrophage activator to enhance the cell phagocytosis, energy metabolism, cytokines release and activities of intracellular enzymes. The studies in RAW264.7 cells revealed that LPGP activated the TBK1-IκBα-NF-κB and the TBK1-IRF3 pathway. Moreover, LPGP rescued the immune response in the Cyclophosphamide-treated mice in vivo. In conclusion, LPGP is a potential alginate-based biological response modifier (BRM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancai Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenwei Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuxi Si
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meng Xin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Bekhit AA, Nasralla SN, El-Agroudy EJ, Hamouda N, El-Fattah AA, Bekhit SA, Amagase K, Ibrahim TM. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of promising pyrazole derivative. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 168:106080. [PMID: 34818572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of new COX-2 inhibitors with analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy as well as minimal gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular toxicity, is of vital importance to patients suffering from chronic course pain and inflammatory conditions. This study aims at evaluating the therapeutic activity and adverse drug reactions associated with the use of the newly synthesized pyrazole derivative, compound AD732, E-4-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxyliminomethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide, as compared to indomethacin and celecoxib as standard agents. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma tests; formalin-induced hyperalgesia and hot plate tests were done to study analgesic activity. In vitro tests to determine COX-1/COX-2 selectivity and assessment of renal and gastric toxicity upon acute exposure to AD732 were also conducted. Compound AD732 exhibited promising results; higher anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects compared to standard agents, coupled with the absence of ulcerogenic effects and minimal detrimental effects on renal function. Additionally, compound AD732 was a less potent inhibitor of COX-2 in vitro than celecoxib, which may indicate lower potential cardiovascular toxicity. It may be concluded that compound AD732 appears to be a safer and more effective molecule with promising potential for the management of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Pharmacology stream, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | - Sherry N Nasralla
- Pharmacy Program, Pharmacology stream, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Eman J El-Agroudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Nahla Hamouda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P.O. Box. 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Salma A Bekhit
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Motavallian A, Zamani E, Bouzari S, Rezaeyan F, Karimian P, Evazalipour M. Anti-inflammatory effect of pregabalin on acetic acid-induced colitis in the rats. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 17:35-42. [PMID: 34909042 PMCID: PMC8621841 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.329924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease characterized by the inflammation of the intestine. The available medicinal treatments for IBD are not efficacious enough since they exert various adverse effects. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic agents should be continued. The present study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of pregabalin on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Experimental approach: Using 2 mL of 3% acetic acid solution, colitis was intra-rectally induced in rats. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups including the normal group, colitis control group, pregabalin treatment groups (30, 50, and 100 mg/kg; i.p., respectively), and dexamethasone treatment group (1 mg/kg; i.p.). Macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical (myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta) examinations were used to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin in the inflamed colon. Findings/Results: All the applied doses of pregabalin significantly decreased the severity of macroscopic and microscopic colonic damages including ulcer severity, ulcer area, percentage of necrosis, and total colitis index compared to the colitis control group. These results were confirmed by the reduced colonic concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and myeloperoxidase activity. Conclusion and implications: Results of this study indicated that pregabalin administration has beneficial effects upon the treatment of experimental colitis, which might be partly due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Motavallian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
| | - Saba Bouzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
| | - Farzam Rezaeyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
| | - Paridokht Karimian
- Department of Pathology and Histology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
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Houshmand G, Naghizadeh B, Ghorbanzadeh B, Ghafouri Z, Goudarzi M, Mansouri MT. Celecoxib inhibits acute edema and inflammatory biomarkers through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 23:1544-1550. [PMID: 33489027 PMCID: PMC7811815 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43995.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Celecoxib (CLX), a selective cyclooxygenase-II (COX-2) inhibitor, has been used for management of several inflammatory disorders. The present study aimed to explore the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) in CLX induced anti-inflammatory response in rats. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced paw edema was used as an acute inflammation model. Rats were treated with various intra-peritoneal (IP) doses of CLX (0.3–30 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (PGL; PPARγ agonist, 1–20 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Amounts of PPARγ, COX-2, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in paw tissue, and extents of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum were measured. Moreover, levels of oxidative stress parameters as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the cortex, hippocampus, and paw tissues were also determined. Results: CLX and PGL dose-dependent administration (IP), alone or in combination reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema. Further, both agents, alone or in combination, reduced either the amounts of COX-2, PGE2, and MDA in the inflamed paw, and the levels of TNF-α in serum which were elevated by carrageenan. Both drugs also increased both levels of PPARγ, GSH, GPx activity in paws, and serum levels of IL-10 that were decreased by carrageenan. Intraplantar injection of GW-9662 (IPL), a selective PPARγ antagonist, inhibited all biochemical modifications caused by both single and combined drug treatments. Conclusion: CLX produced its anti-inflammatory effects probably through PPARγ receptor activation. Besides, increased anti-inflammatory effects of CLX with PGL suggest that their combination might be applied for the clinical management of inflammation especially in patients suffering from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Houshmand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (MAZUMS), Sari, Iran
| | - Bahareh Naghizadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghafouri
- Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Genetics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (MAZUMS), Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ningaraju S, Munawer U, Raghavendra VB, Balaji KS, Melappa G, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Chaetomium globosum extract mediated gold nanoparticle synthesis and potent anti-inflammatory activity. Anal Biochem 2020; 612:113970. [PMID: 32961250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are gaining a lot of attention in recent decades from researchers due to their unique optoelectronic properties and their significance in the field of biomedicine. Keeping this in view, our research work was designed to investigate gold nanoparticles obtained by using a fungal endophytic strain Chaetomium globosum, isolated from Vitex negundo which showed significant activity on enzyme inhibition. In the present study, the fungal isolate C. globosum was characterized using HPLC and LC-MS. A novel compound Catechin was matched with standard Catechin. Further, the endophyte C. globosum extract was utilized to synthesize gold nanoparticles (CgAuNPs) which was analysed by UV-visible spectroscopy. The CgAuNPs exhibited wine red color and the absorption peak appeared at 542 nm confirming the formation of the AuNPs. Further, Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to confirm the various functional groups present in mycosynthesized CgAuNPs. FTIR analysis demonstrated the presence of amines, flavonoids, as well as the presence of amide I linkage which possibly reduces Au+ to Au0. The synthesized CgAuNPs exhibited potential cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in a dose dependent manner. Further, CgAuNPs demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, the present work provides insights into the design of nano delivery and may be applied for clinical studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Ningaraju
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Uzma Munawer
- Teresian Research Foundation, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India
| | | | | | - Govindappa Melappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davanagere, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-hypersensitive effects of the chalcone isocordoin and its semisynthetic derivatives in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:716-727. [PMID: 32925227 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isocordoin (1), a chalcone isolated from different plants, has been found to present a range of interesting biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-hypersensitive and anti-inflammatory effects of isocordoin (1) and several natural and semisynthetic derivatives (2-10). Initial evaluation of (1), dihydroisocordoin (2) and six semisynthetic derivatives (3-8) in the inhibition of abdominal writhes induced by acetic acid model showed that only isocordoin dimethylether (5) caused more than 70% of inhibition. Further evaluation of 5 for its anti-oedematogenic activity and anti-hypersensitivity effect induced by carrageenan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bradykinin (BK), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and epinephrine showed that isocordoin dimethylether (5) presented a discrete inhibition of carrageenan- and LPS-induced hypersensitivity, and of carrageenan-induced paw oedema, and that it was able to significantly reduce both the oedema and hypersensitivity induced by BK. Furthermore, when tested in the PGE2 model, 5 interfered only with the paw-oedema, without showing any effect against the paw-hypersensitivity. Evaluation of the natural isocordoin (1), together with the semisynthetic derivatives isocordoin dimethylether (5), isocordoin methylether (9), and dihydroisocordoin methylether (10) in the BK-induced oedema and hypersensitivity showed that the monoalkylated derivatives 10 and 9 had the strongest antinociceptive activity. The results of this investigation indicate that both monoalkylation of the C-4' phenolic hydroxyl group and reduction of the double bond in the α,β-unsaturated system of the chalcone skeleton favor activity.
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Lopes AH, Silva RL, Fonseca MD, Gomes FI, Maganin AG, Ribeiro LS, Marques LMM, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC, Zamboni DS, Lopes NP, Franklin BS, Gombault A, Ramalho FS, Quesniaux VFJ, Couillin I, Ryffel B, Cunha TM. Molecular basis of carrageenan-induced cytokines production in macrophages. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:141. [PMID: 32894139 PMCID: PMC7487827 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low molecular weight carrageenan (Cg) is a seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharide widely used as inflammatory stimulus in preclinical studies. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cg-induced inflammation are not fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular basis involved in Cg-induced macrophages activation and cytokines production. METHODS Primary culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with Kappa Cg. The supernatant and cell lysate were used for ELISA, western blotting, immunofluorescence. Cg-induced mouse colitis was also developed. RESULTS Here we show that Cg activates peritoneal macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1β. While Cg-induced TNF production/secretion depends on TLR4/MyD88 signaling, the production of pro-IL-1β relies on TLR4/TRIF/SYK/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. The maturation of pro-IL1β into IL-1β is dependent on canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Pannexin-1/P2X7/K+ efflux signaling. In vivo, Cg-induced colitis was reduced in mice in the absence of NLRP3 inflammasome components. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we unravel a critical role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in Cg-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production and colitis, which is an important discovery on the pro-inflammatory properties of this sulfated polysaccharide for pre-clinical studies. Video abstract Carrageenan (Cg) is one the most used flogistic stimulus in preclinical studies. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of Cg-induced inflammation is not totally elucidated. Herein, Lopes et al. unraveled the molecular basis for Cg-induced macrophages production of biological active IL-1β. The Cg-stimulated macrophages produces pro-IL-1β depends on TLR4/TRIF/Syk/ROS, whereas its processing into mature IL-1β is dependent on the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre H. Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Rangel L. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Miriam D. Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Francisco I. Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Maganin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Jose C. Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Bernardo S. Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aurélie Gombault
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France
| | - Fernando Silva Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Valerie F. J. Quesniaux
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France
| | - Isabelle Couillin
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Orleans, France
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID)Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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Huang Y, Zhang L, Song R, Mao X, Tang S. A carrageenan/agarose composite sponge and its immunomodulatory activities toward RAW264.7. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:829-839. [PMID: 32734660 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A kind of commercial hybrid carrageenan (HC)/agarose composite sponge containing κ-, μ-, ι-, and ν-carrageenan, which could turn into hydrogel and release carrageenan at human body temperature was fabricated for immune stimulation and modulation. Release behavior demonstrated that the hybrid carrageenan contained sponge was mechanically stable and could release carrageenan constantly. RT-PCR and ELISA experiments showed that the leaching liquor of the sponge could stimulate RAW264.7 from M0 state to a polarized state by secreting more anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 than pro-inflammatory ones, such as, IL-6 and TNF-α. Transwell experiments also indicated that the leaching liquor could promote the proliferation of NIH-3T3 by stimulating RAW264.7 of M0 state after 7 days. Results of particle size and intracellular concentration analyses suggested that the released carrageenan might enter into the cellular interior of RAW264.7 in the form of microgels or protein complexes. The sponge would be a promising candidate for skin wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rijian Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Elshamy AI, Ammar NM, Hassan HA, Al-Rowaily SL, Ragab TI, El Gendy AENG, Abd-ElGawad AM. Essential oil and its nanoemulsion of Araucaria heterophylla resin: Chemical characterization, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2020; 148:112272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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13
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Jayasuriya WJABN, Handunnetti SM, Wanigatunge CA, Fernando GH, Abeytunga DTU, Suresh TS. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus, a Culinary Medicinal Mushroom, in Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:6845383. [PMID: 32215044 PMCID: PMC7077046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6845383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Context. Pleurotus ostreatus (P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. Materials and Methods. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using suspensions of freeze-dried and powdered (SFDP) P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. in vivo and in vitro assays. RESULTS At doses of 500-1000 mg/kg, the SFDP of P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. in vitro assays. P < 0.05). Dose-dependent inhibition of NO production was seen with in vitro assays. P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. r = 0.95; P < 0.05). Dose-dependent inhibition of NO production was seen with Discussion and Conclusion. The promising activity of culinary mushroom P.o against inflammation suggests its potential application as a functional food during inflammatory conditions.P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as "oyster mushroom" belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. J. A. Banukie N. Jayasuriya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Shiroma M. Handunnetti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandanie A. Wanigatunge
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Gita H. Fernando
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - T. Sugandhika Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Azemi AK, Mokhtar SS, Rasool AHG. Clinacanthus nutans: Its potential against diabetic vascular diseases. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000118838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Buisseret B, Guillemot-Legris O, Muccioli GG, Alhouayek M. Prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester decreases carrageenan-induced inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:609-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Synthetic chalcones as potential tool for acute- and chronic-pain control. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:437-450. [PMID: 29787991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate the potential anti-hypersensitive activity of two chalcones, (2E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (ANCh) and N-{4-[(2E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enoil]phenyl}acetamide (AcANCh), by different models of acute and persistent pain in mice, besides in silico analysis. Molecules computational investigation for prediction of Lipinki's and Veber's rules to determine solubility, % absorption, drug likeness and toxicity liabilities was performed. Male and female C57BL/6 mice (20-30 g, n = 6) were used. Firstly, mice were pre-treated with the compounds ANCh or AcANCh and then submitted to the models of acute hypersensitivity by the intraplantar injection of different phlogistic agents. The mechanical sensitivity was assessed using von Frey hairs (0.6 g). The obtained data shows that both compounds presented important inhibitory effects on mechanical hypersensitivity induced by carrageenan (with oral bioavailability). The anti-hypersensitive effect was also accompanied by the interference in leukocyte migration, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels reduction and by the absence of unspecific effects. Added to the in vivo results, the in silico analysis presented none violation in Lipinski's or Veber's rules, good probability to cell membrane permeability and oral bioavailability, positive values of drug likeness and few risk of computational toxicity. ANCh partially reduced the hypersensitivity induced by IL-1β and TNF, epinephrine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). AcANCh had similar effect, except for the absent of inhibition in PGE2-injected mice. Both compounds were capable of reducing the mechanical hypersensitivity presented in all persistent models of hypersensitivity (inflammatory pain, chronic nerve constriction and cancer pain), with emphasis for ANCh. These results suggest that both chalcones could represent good strategies for the control of acute and chronic pain, without important side effects. ANCh seems to involve cell migration and cytokines production as the main mechanism, together with interference in PGE2 neuronal sensitization pathway. In vivo and in silico analyses reinforce the potential characteristics of the compounds to become future drugs.
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Ortiz MI, Cariño-Cortés R, Ponce-Monter HA, González-García MP, Castañeda-Hernández G, Salinas-Caballero M. Synergistic Interaction ofMatricaria ChamomillaExtract with Diclofenac and Indomethacin on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Inflammation in Rats. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:360-367. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario I. Ortiz
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Pachuca Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Pachuca Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Héctor A. Ponce-Monter
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Pachuca Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Martha P. González-García
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Pachuca Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Gilberto Castañeda-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Mireya Salinas-Caballero
- Unidad Corporativa de Farmacovigilancia, Laboratorios Sanfer S.A. de C.V. Ciudad de Mexico; Mexico
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Rane RA, Nandave M, Nayak S, Naik A, Shah D, Alwan WS, Sahu NU, Naphade SS, Palkar MB, Karunanidhi S, Thapliyal N, Karpoormath R. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of marine bromopyrrole alkaloid-based hybrids with anti-inflammatory activity. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ortiz MI. Synergistic interaction between diclofenac and pyrilamine on nociception, inflammation, and gastric damage in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:51-58. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Experiments using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone have produced limited antinociceptive effects in animal models. For this reason, the number of studies involving the administration of NSAIDs along with an adjuvant drug harboring different mechanisms of action has increased enormously. Here, combinations of diclofenac and pyrilamine were used to determine their influence on nociception (formalin test), inflammation (paw inflammation produced by carrageenan), and gastric damage in rodents. Diclofenac, pyrilamine, or combinations of diclofenac and pyrilamine produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the rat. The systemic administration of diclofenac alone and in combination with pyrilamine produced significant gastric damage. Effective dose (ED) values were determined for each individual drug, and isobolograms were prepared. The theoretical ED values for the antinociceptive (systemic, 35.4 mg/kg; local, 343.4 μg/paw) and the anti-inflammatory (37.9 mg/kg) effects differed significantly from the experimental ED values (systemic antinociception, 18.1 mg/kg; local antinociception, 183.3 μg/paw; anti-inflammation, 10.6 mg/kg). Therefore, it was concluded that the interactions between diclofenac and pyrilamine are synergistic. The data suggest that the diclofenac–pyrilamine combinations can interact at the systemic and local peripheral levels, thereby offering a therapeutic alternative for the clinical management of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I. Ortiz
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México
- Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México
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Ryu JH, Sung J, Xie C, Shin MK, Kim CW, Kim NG, Choi YJ, Choi BD, Kang SS, Kang D. Aplysia kurodai -derived glycosaminoglycans increase the phagocytic ability of macrophages via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and cytoskeletal reorganization in RAW264.7 cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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21
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Mansouri MT, Hemmati AA, Naghizadeh B, Mard SA, Rezaie A, Ghorbanzadeh B. A study of the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of ellagic acid in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:292-8. [PMID: 26069367 PMCID: PMC4450555 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.157127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ellagic acid (EA) has shown antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzymes and also cytokines play a key role in many inflammatory conditions. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model was used for induction of inflammation. RESULTS The results showed that intraplantar injection of carrageenan led to time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, which resulted in a significant increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) β, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and also iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in inflamed paw. However, systemic administration of EA (1-30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) could reduce edema in a dose-dependent fashion in inflamed rat paws with ED50 value 8.41 (5.26-14.76) mg/kg. It decreased the serum concentration of NO, PGE2, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and suppress the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 enzymes, and attenuated the formation of PGE2, TNF-α and IL-1 β in inflamed paw tissue. We also demonstrated that EA significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver at 5 h after carrageenan injection. Moreover, histopathological studies indicated that EA significantly diminished migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into site of inflammation, as did indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of EA might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA, iNOS, and COX-2 in the edema paw via the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1 β), NO and PGE2 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- Deptartment of Pharmacology, Physiology and Atherosclerosis Research Centers, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Hemmati
- Deptartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Naghizadeh
- Pain and Physiology Research Centers, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Deptartment of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Rezaie
- Deptartment of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Deptartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
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Gu Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Lee WY. Chitosan surface enhances the mobility, cytoplasm spreading, and phagocytosis of macrophages. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:42-50. [PMID: 24632029 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A chitosan micropattern was prepared on glass by inkjet printing to visualize and compare in real-time macrophage developments on chitosan versus glass during microfluidic culture. The mobility of macrophages on chitosan was significantly higher, since the cells on glass were anchored by the development of podosomes whereas those on chitosan did not form podosomes. The phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages was considerably more effective on chitosan because of: (1) the macrophages' higher mobility to scavenge nearby bacteria and (2) their cyotoplasm's ability to spread, re-distribute, and recover more freely to engulf the bacteria. Consequently, bacteria growth on chitosan surface was significantly reduced in the presence of macrophages in comparison to that on glass surface, as measured by surface bacteria density and effluent bacteria concentration. These findings suggest the synergistic effect of chitosan as a potential coating material on biomedical implants in promoting macrophage response upon the arrival of opportunistic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Woo Y Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science.
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Weiner ML. Food additive carrageenan: Part II: A critical review of carrageenan in vivo safety studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:244-69. [PMID: 24467586 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.861798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan (CGN) is a seaweed-derived high molecular weight (Mw) hydrocolloid, primarily used as a stabilizer and thickener in food. The safety of CGN regarding its use in food is reviewed. Based on experimental studies in animals, ingested CGN is excreted quantitatively in the feces. Studies have shown that CGN is not significantly degraded by low gastric pH or microflora in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Due to its Mw, structure and its stability when bound to protein, CGN is not significantly absorbed or metabolized. CGN also does not significantly affect the absorption of nutrients. Subchronic and chronic feeding studies in rodents indicate that CGN at doses up to 5% in the diet does not induce any toxicological effects other than soft stools or diarrhea, which are a common effect for non-digestible high molecular weight compounds. Review of several studies from numerous species indicates that food grade CGN does not produce intestinal ulceration at doses up to 5% in the diet. Effects of CGN on the immune system following parenteral administration are well known, but not relevant to food additive uses. The majority of the studies evaluating the immunotoxicity potential were conducted with CGN administered in drinking water or by oral gavage where CGN exists in a random, open structured molecular conformation, particularly the lambda form; hence, it has more exposure to the intestinal mucosa than when bound to protein in food. Based on the many animal subchronic and chronic toxicity studies, CGN has not been found to affect the immune system, as judged by lack of effects on organ histopathology, clinical chemistry, hematology, normal health, and the lack of target organ toxicities. In these studies, animals consumed CGN at orders of magnitude above levels of CGN in the human diet: ≥1000 mg/kg/d in animals compared to 18-40 mg/kg/d estimated in the human diet. Dietary CGN has been shown to lack carcinogenic, tumor promoter, genotoxic, developmental, and reproductive effects in animal studies. CGN in infant formula has been shown to be safe in infant baboons and in an epidemiology study on human infants at current use levels.
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Li W, Huang H, Zhang Y, Fan T, Liu X, Xing W, Niu X. Anti-inflammatory effect of tetrahydrocoptisine from Corydalis impatiens is a function of possible inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages through inhibiting NF-κB activation and MAPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:62-71. [PMID: 23810685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracts or constituents from Corydalis impatiens are known to have many pharmacological activities. Tetrahydrocoptisine (THC), a protoberberine compound from Corydalis impatiens, was found to possess a potent anti-inflammatory effect in different acute or chronic inflammation model animals. Pretreatment with THC (i.p.) inhibited the paw and ear edema in the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay and xylene-induced ear edema assay, respectively. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation model, THC significantly inhibited serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) release in mice. To clarify its possible molecular mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory effect, we investigated the effect of THC on LPS-induced responses in peritoneal macrophages. Our data demonstrated that THC significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, interleukin-6(IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) production. THC inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by down-regulating LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression. Furthermore, it attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) as well as the expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB), in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that THC is an active anti-inflammatory constituent by inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production possibly via down-regulation of NF-κB activation, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-p38MAPK signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Motavallian A, Minaiyan M, Rabbani M, Andalib S, Mahzouni P. Involvement of 5HT3 Receptors in Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tropisetron on Experimental TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rat. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2013; 3:169-76. [PMID: 24455480 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2013.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a pressing need for research leading to the development of new effective drugs with lower side effects and more efficacy for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-3 receptor antagonists have been shown in in vivo and in vitro studies. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of tropisetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on an immune-based animal model of IBD. METHODS In the present study, the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of colitis in the rat was used. Two hours after induction of colitis in rats, tropisetron (2 mg/kg), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), meta-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG, 5 mg/kg), a 5-HT3 receptor agonist, or tropisetron + mCPBG were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrated for 6 days. Animals were then sacrificed; macroscopic, histological, biochemical (myeloperoxidase [MPO]) assessments and ELISA test (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta) were performed on distal colon samples. RESULTS Tropisetron or dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced macroscopic and microscopic colonic damages. In addition, a significant reduction in MPO activity and colonic levels of inflammatory cytokines was seen. The beneficial effects of tropisetron were antagonized by concurrent administration of mCPBG. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that the protective effects of tropisetron on TNBS-induced colitis can be mediated by 5-HT3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Motavallian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabbani
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sasan Andalib
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Mahzouni
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Yang J, Li S, Xie C, Ye H, Tang H, Chen L, Peng A. Anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of the seeds of Brucea Javanica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:442-446. [PMID: 23538165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. (Yadanzi in Chinese) have been used for the treatment of inflammation, dysentery, malaria, and cancer in Chinese traditional medicine. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Brucea javanica has not been fully elucidated. This study examined the anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of the seeds of Brucea javanica (EA-BJ) in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of EA-BJ and its ability to modulate the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage were evaluated. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of EA-BJ was also in vivo assayed by carrageenan induced paw edema in mice. RESULTS In vitro assays showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity of EA-BJ, through the inhibition of production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 inflammatory mediators and induction of production of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine. In vivo assays showed anti-inflammatory activity for decrement of the paw edema in carrageenan induced paw edema test. CONCLUSION The results obtained in vitro and in vivo showed that possible anti-inflammatory effects of EA-BJ may be attributed to inhibition pro-inflammatory mediators production, NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and to increase production of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine. The seeds of Brucea javanica may thus prove beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Further studies on anti-inflammatory activity of maprotiline in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:505-10. [PMID: 23415748 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are commonly used for treatment of different medical disorders besides of psychiatric diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that antidepressants exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro conditions, but the mechanisms of this property are not clear very well. In our earlier work, we demonstrated that i.c.v. and i.p. injection of maprotiline, as an antidepressant, decreased paw edema at the fourth hour after subplantar injection of carrageenan. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of maprotiline in more details. Our results verified that i.p. (25 and 50 mg/kg) and i.c.v. (100 μg/rat) application of maprotiline significantly reduced paw edema at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h intervals after carrageenan challenge. Pathological examinations and MPO activity also showed that both i.p. and i.c.v. maprotiline considerably inhibited infiltration of PMN leucocytes into the inflamed paws. Additionally, i.p. and i.c.v. maprotiline at all applied doses noticeably declined levels of IL-1β into the site of inflammation, while only i.p. maprotiline at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly decreased TNF-α levels in the carrageenan-injected paws. These results confirmed anti-edematogenic activity of i.p. and i.c.v. maprotiline in the carrageenan induced paw edema model and showed that these properties of maprotiline might be mediated through inhibition of PMN infiltration and release of IL-1β and TNF-α.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity Is a Possible Mechanism by Which the Polyherbal Formulation Comprised of Nigella sativa (Seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (Root), and Smilax glabra (Rhizome) Mediates Its Antihepatocarcinogenic Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:108626. [PMID: 23243426 PMCID: PMC3517268 DOI: 10.1155/2012/108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a polyherbal decoction comprised of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus, and Smilax glabra in order to justify its claimed antihepatocarcinogenic activity. Activation of hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), IκB kinase (IKK α/β) proteins, and TNFα and IL-6 expression was investigated in diethylnitrosamine- (DEN-) induced C3H mice-bearing early hepatocarcinogenic changes. Acute phase inflammatory response was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema formation. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms were also assessed by determining effect on (a) membrane stabilization, (b) nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity, and (c) inhibition of leukocyte migration. A significant inhibition of the paw edema formation was observed in healthy rats as well as in rats bearing early hepatocarcinogenic changes with
oral administration of the decoction. As with the positive control, indomethacin (10 mg/kg b.w.) the inhibitory effect was pronounced at 3rd and 4th h after carrageenan injection. A notable IKK α/β mediated hepatic NF-κB inactivation was associated with a significant hepatic TNFα downregulation among mice-bearing hepatocarcinogenic changes subjected to decoction treatment. Inhibition of NO production, leukocyte migration, and membrane stabilization are possible mechanisms by which anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by the decoction. Overall findings imply that anti-inflammatory activity could be one of the mechanisms by which the decoction mediates its antihepatocarcinogenic effects.
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Sun HS, Eng EWY, Jeganathan S, Sin ATW, Patel PC, Gracey E, Inman RD, Terebiznik MR, Harrison RE. Chlamydia trachomatis vacuole maturation in infected macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:815-27. [PMID: 22807527 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0711336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. In epithelial cells, C. trachomatis resides in a modified membrane-bound vacuole known as an inclusion, which is isolated from the endocytic pathway. However, the maturation process of C. trachomatis within immune cells, such as macrophages, has not been studied extensively. Here, we demonstrated that RAW macrophages effectively suppressed C. trachomatis growth and prevented Golgi stack disruption, a hallmark defect in epithelial cells after C. trachomatis infection. Next, we systematically examined association between C. trachomatis and various endocytic pathway markers. Spinning disk confocal time-lapse studies revealed significant and rapid association between C. trachomatis with Rab7 and LAMP1, markers of late endosomes and lysosomes. Moreover, pretreatment with an inhibitor of lysosome acidification led to significant increases in C. trachomatis growth in macrophages. At later stages of infection, C. trachomatis associated with the autophagy marker LC3. TEM analysis confirmed that a significant portion of C. trachomatis resided within double-membrane-bound compartments, characteristic of autophagosomes. Together, these results suggest that macrophages can suppress C. trachomatis growth by targeting it rapidly to lysosomes; moreover, autophagy is activated at later stages of infection and targets significant numbers of the invading bacteria, which may enhance subsequent chlamydial antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Song Sun
- Departments of Cell and Systems Biology and Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
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Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of salbutamol on acute and chronic models of inflammation in rats: involvement of an antioxidant mechanism. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:438912. [PMID: 22665951 PMCID: PMC3361306 DOI: 10.1155/2012/438912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible role of β-2 adrenergic receptors in modulation of inflammatory and nociceptive conditions suggests that the β-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, salbutamol, may have beneficial anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Therefore, in this study, we induced inflammatory and nociceptive responses with carrageenan-induced paw edema or cotton-pellet-induced granuloma models, both of which result in oxidative stress. We hypothesized that salbutamol would prevent inflammatory and nociceptive responses by stimulating β-2 adrenergic receptors and the prevention of generation of ROS during the acute inflammation process in rats. Both doses of salbutamol used in the study (1 and 2 mg/kg) effectively blocked the acute inflammation and inflammatory nociception induced by carrageenan. In the cotton-pellet-induced granuloma test, both doses of salbutamol also significantly decreased the weight of granuloma tissue on the cotton pellets when compared to the control. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of salbutamol were found to be comparable with those of indomethacin. Salbutamol decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and level of glutathione (GSH) during the acute phase of inflammation. In conclusion, salbutamol can decrease acute and chronic inflammation, possibly through the stimulation of β-2 adrenergic receptors. This anti-inflammatory effect may be of significance in asthma treatment, where inflammation also takes part in the etiopathology. This study reveals that salbutamol has significant antioxidative effects, which at least partially explain its anti-inflammatory capabilities. These findings presented here may also shed light on the roles of β-2 adrenergic receptors in inflammatory and hyperalgesic conditions.
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Refaie S, Gagnon S, Gagnon H, Desjardins R, D'Anjou F, D'Orléans-Juste P, Zhu X, Steiner DF, Seidah NG, Lazure C, Salzet M, Day R. Disruption of proprotein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) expression in mice causes innate immune defects and uncontrolled cytokine secretion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14703-17. [PMID: 22396549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.323220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proprotein convertase 1/3 is expressed in the regulated secretory pathway of neural and endocrine cells. Its major function is in the post-translational processing and activation of precursor proteins. The PC1/3 knock-out (KO) mouse model has allowed us to elucidate its physiological functions in studies focused primarily on neuroendocrine tissues. However, PC1/3 is also expressed in cells of the immune system, mainly in macrophages. The present study explores the effects of innate immune challenge in the PC1/3 KO mouse. PC1/3 KO mice have an enlarged spleen with marked disorganization of the marginal zone and red pulp. Immunohistochemical studies using various markers demonstrate a depletion of dendritic cells in PC1/3 KO spleens. When challenged with lipopolysaccharide, PC1/3 KO mice are more susceptible to septic shock than wild-type controls or other PC KO mice, such as PC2 and PC7 null mice. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were very significantly elevated in PC1/3 KO mice, consistent with a hypercytokinemia, i.e. indicative of a major systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response or cytokine storm. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from PC1/3 KO mice also demonstrate elevated cytokine secretion when treated with LPS. Electron micrographs show morphological features indicating a prolonged activation of these cells following LPS stimulation. We also present evidence that the proinflammatory T(h)1 pathway is dominant in the PC1/3 KO mouse model. We conclude that aside from its important role in neuroendocrine functions PC1/3 also has an important role in the regulation of the innate immune system, most likely through the regulation of cytokine secretion in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Refaie
- Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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Gunaratna RI, Handunnetti SM, Bulathsinghalage MRC, Somaratne P, Jayanaga A, de Silva HJ, Rajapakse S. Serum nitrite levels in Sri Lankan patients with leptospirosis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:75-8. [PMID: 22182649 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether blood nitrite levels are elevated in patients with leptospirosis. METHODS Male patients fulfilling clinical and epidemiological criteria for a diagnosis of leptospirosis were recruited. Those with MAT titre of ≤400 together with those seroconverting to a titer of ≤200 were included in the analysis. Serum nitrite levels were measured in these patients and age, sex matched healthy controls. RESULTS Patients from 3 hospitals (n=75) were screened during a 3 month period from 28th June to 3rd September 2009, of whom 20 were eligible for the study. Serum nitrite levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with acute leptospirosis [n=20, (0.359±0.229)μ M] compared to controls [(n=13,(0.216±0.051)μ M](P=0.014). A significant correlation was also observed between the MAT titre and the day of illness (r = 0.547; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Serum nitrite levels are higher in patients with acute leptospirosis compared to age and sex matched controls. No correlation could be assessed with severity of illness, as sample size was inadequate to determine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini I Gunaratna
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Motavallian A, Minaiyan M, Rabbani M, Mahzouni P, Andalib S, Abed A, Babavalian MR. Does Cisapride, as a 5HT(4) Receptor Agonist, Aggravate the Severity of TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rat? Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:362536. [PMID: 22888336 PMCID: PMC3408677 DOI: 10.1155/2012/362536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for research that will lead to the reveal of targets designed to analyse the possible pathways for the treatment of IBD. Because of the probable involvement of serotonin in inflammatory conditions of intestine and the important role of 5HT(4) receptors in GI function, the investigation of the role of 5HT(4) receptors in the pathogenesis of IBD will be interesting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cisapride, a 5HT(4) receptor agonist, in trinitrobenzenesulfonic-acid-(TNBS) induced rat colitis. Two hours subsequent to induction of colitis using TNBS in rats, cisapride (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p); 4 mg/kg, orally (p.o)) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p; 2 mg/kg, p.o) were administrated for 6 days. Animals were thereafter euthanized; macroscopic, histological, and biochemical assessments and ELISA test were carried out on distal colon samples. Our data showed that dexamethasone treatment (i.p, p.o) significantly decreased macroscopic and microscopic damage and also biochemical markers, but there were no significant differences in aforementioned parameters between cisapride (i.p or p.o) and TNBS-treated rats. It can be deduced that because the severity of colitis produced by TNBS is massive (through various pathways), cisapride could not bring about more colitis damages through 5HT(4) receptors. Based on the present study further researches are required for investigating the exact roles of 5HT(4) receptors in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Motavallian
- 1Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- 1Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
- *Mohsen Minaiyan:
| | - Mohammad Rabbani
- 1Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
| | - Parvin Mahzouni
- 3Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
| | - Sasan Andalib
- 4Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 8146-73461, Iran
| | - Alireza Abed
- 1Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
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Sadeghi H, Hajhashemi V, Minaiyan M, Movahedian A, Talebi A. A study on the mechanisms involving the anti-inflammatory effect of amitriptyline in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:396-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Radulovic M, Godovac-Zimmermann J. Proteomic approaches to understanding the role of the cytoskeleton in host-defense mechanisms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:117-26. [PMID: 21329431 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a cellular scaffolding system whose functions include maintenance of cellular shape, enabling cellular migration, division, intracellular transport, signaling and membrane organization. In addition, in immune cells, the cytoskeleton is essential for phagocytosis. Following the advances in proteomics technology over the past two decades, cytoskeleton proteome analysis in resting and activated immune cells has emerged as a possible powerful approach to expand our understanding of cytoskeletal composition and function. However, so far there have only been a handful of studies of the cytoskeleton proteome in immune cells. This article considers promising proteomics strategies that could augment our understanding of the role of the cytoskeleton in host-defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Radulovic
- Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Mohy El-Din MM, Senbel AM, Bistawroos AA, El-Mallah A, Nour El-Din NA, Bekhit AA, Abd El Razik HA. A novel COX-2 inhibitor pyrazole derivative proven effective as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 108:263-73. [PMID: 21138530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of new COX-2 inhibitors with high efficacy and enhanced safety profile would be a great achievement in the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. This study was designed to screen and assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as some of the expected side effects of some pyrazole derivatives, newly synthesized as potential COX-2 inhibitors at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University and compared to indomethacin and celecoxib. Twelve compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma tests. On the basis of their apparent anti-inflammatory activity, four compounds with different substitutions were selected for the evaluation of their analgesic activity using the formalin-induced hyperalgesia and hot-plate tests. Compound AD 532, ((4-(3-(4-Methylphenyl)-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide)), showed very promising results. In the single-dose and subchronic toxicity studies, compound AD 532 showed no ulcerogenic effect and produced minimal effects on renal function. Furthermore, compound AD 532 was a less potent inhibitor of COX-2 in vitro than celecoxib, which may indicate lower potential cardiovascular toxicity. It is concluded that compound AD 532 appears to be a promising and safe option for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions. This study recommends more in-depth investigation into the therapeutic effects and toxicity profile of this compound including its cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Mohy El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wijesekara I, Pangestuti R, Kim SK. Biological activities and potential health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kim SK, Li YX. Medicinal benefits of sulfated polysaccharides from sea vegetables. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2011; 64:391-402. [PMID: 22054963 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387669-0.00030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The cell walls of sea vegetables or marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) such as fucoidans in brown algae, carrageenans in red algae, and ulvans in green algae. These SPs exhibit various biological activities such as anticoagulant, antiviral, antioxidative, and anticancer activities with potential health benefits. Therefore, SPs derived from sea vegetables have great potential in further development as nutraceuticals and medicinal foods. This chapter presents an overview of biological activities and potential medicinal benefits of SPs derived from sea vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Ortiz MI, González-García MP, Ponce-Monter HA, Castañeda-Hernández G, Aguilar-Robles P. Synergistic effect of the interaction between naproxen and citral on inflammation in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 18:74-79. [PMID: 20637575 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with herbs having analgesic effects can increase their antinociceptive activity and limit their side effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects on inflammation and gastric injury in rats resulting from the interaction between naproxen and citral. Naproxen, citral, or fixed-dose naproxen-citral combinations were administered orally and their anti-inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw edema) and gastric damage were assessed in rats. The pharmacological interaction type was evaluated by the isobolographic analysis. Naproxen, citral, or combinations of naproxen and citral produced anti-inflammatory effects. The sole administration of naproxen produced significant gastric damage, but this effect was not obtained with either citral or combinations. ED(30) values were estimated for the individual drugs, and isobolograms were constructed. The derived theoretical ED(30) for the anti-inflammatory effect was 504.4 mg/kg; this was significantly higher than the observed experimental value (190.6 mg/kg). These results indicate that a synergistic interaction underlies the anti-inflammatory effect. The data suggests that the naproxen-citral combination can interact and to produce minor gastric damage and may have therapeutic advantages for the clinical treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I Ortiz
- Area Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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Rakkestad KE, Holme JA, Paulsen RE, Schwarze PE, Becher R. Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in rat alveolar macrophages through crosstalk between p38, the lipoxygenase pathway and PPARalpha. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:140-50. [PMID: 19938896 DOI: 10.3109/08958370903019885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Airway inflammation is important in asthma pathogenesis. Recent epidemiological data have indicated an association between asthma symptoms in children and exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Thus, we have studied inflammatory responses in primary rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) after exposure to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the major primary metabolite of DEHP. First, we show that MEHP induces a dose-dependent release of the pro-inflammatory tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in AMs, giving a maximal (5-fold) increase at 0.7 mM. This concentration also induced some cell death. MEHP also induced phosphorylation of MAPK p38, while the p38 inhibitor SB 202190 reduced MEHP-induced TNF-alpha, suggesting a p38-dependent cytokine production. Next, we elucidated possible effects of MEHP on the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway and found that MEHP caused increased leukotriene (LTB(4)) release. Further, we found that the 5-LO inhibitor nordihydrogualaretic acid (NDGA) significantly reduced both MEHP-induced TNF-alpha release and MEHP-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), supporting an involvement of the 5-LO pathway in MEHP induced inflammatory reactions. Last, we found that MK-886, a known inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), increased the MEHP-induced TNF-alpha response. This indicates that MEPH-PPARalpha binding mediates an anti-inflammatory signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Rakkestad
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Koc F, Cadirci E, Albayrak A, Halici Z, Hacimuftuoglu A, Suleyman H. Anti-inflammatory activity of 2,5-dihydroxycyclohepta-2,4,6-trienone in rats. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Patel PC, Fisher KH, Yang ECC, Deane CM, Harrison RE. Proteomic analysis of microtubule-associated proteins during macrophage activation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:2500-14. [PMID: 19651621 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900190-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical activation of macrophages induces a wide range of signaling and vesicle trafficking events to produce a more aggressive cellular phenotype. The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is crucial for the regulation of immune responses. In the current study, we used a large scale proteomics approach to analyze the change in protein composition of the MT-associated protein (MAP) network by macrophage stimulation with the inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma and the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Overall the analysis identified 409 proteins that bound directly or indirectly to MTs. Of these, 52 were up-regulated 2-fold or greater and 42 were down-regulated 2-fold or greater after interferon-gamma/lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Bioinformatics analysis based on publicly available binary protein interaction data produced a putative interaction network of MAPs in activated macrophages. We confirmed the up-regulation of several MAPs by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. More detailed analysis of one up-regulated protein revealed a role for HSP90beta in stabilization of the MT cytoskeleton during macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna C Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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Petricevich VL, Reynaud E, Cruz AH, Possani LD. Macrophage activation, phagocytosis and intracellular calcium oscillations induced by scorpion toxins from Tityus serrulatus. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 154:415-23. [PMID: 19037924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The research described here is focused upon studying the activation of mice peritoneal macrophages when submitted to in vitro effects of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and its major toxic peptides. Several functional events were analysed, such as: cytotoxicity, spreading, extent of phagocytosis, vacuole formation and changes of internal calcium concentration. Among the main results observed, when macrophages are subjected to the effects of soluble venom of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom, a partially purified fraction (FII) or a pure toxin (Ts1), are an increment in the percentage of phagocytosis and vacuole formation, a decrement of the spreading ability, accompanied by oscillations of internal calcium concentration. The net results demonstrate that scorpion venom or its major toxins are effective stimulators of macrophage activity; the effect of whole soluble venom or partially purified fractions is due to the toxic peptides, seen here clearly with Ts1. The possible involvement of Na+-channels in these events is discussed. A basic understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for macrophage activation should serve as a foundation for novel drug development aimed at modulating macrophage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Petricevich
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Nezić L, Skrbić R, Dobrić S, Stojiljković MP, Jaćević V, Satara SS, Milovanović ZA, Stojaković N. Simvastatin and indomethacin have similar anti-inflammatory activity in a rat model of acute local inflammation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 104:185-91. [PMID: 19210496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Statins, such as simvastatin, lower circulating cholesterol levels and are widely prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Several studies have shown unexpected effects of statins on inflammation. We studied the anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin using a standard model of an acute local inflammation, the carrageenan-induced footpad oedema. Experimental groups (n = 6-8) were given simvastatin in a dose range 5-30 mg/kg, indomethacin 1-8 mg/kg and methylcellulose (control) per os. Footpad volume was measured with a plethysmograph and compared with the pre-injection volume of the same paw. Swelling (in microlitres) was then calculated, and in drug-treated animals, per cent inhibition was derived through comparison with the control group. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsies was performed to examine severity of paw skin lesions and to confirm the simvastatin-induced inhibition of acute inflammation. Both simvastatin and indomethacin administered orally, 1 hr before carrageenan injection, significantly reduced the extent of footpad oedema. Indomethacin dose-dependently blocked the swelling; the maximal effect was obtained with 8 mg/kg by 48.3% (P < 0.05). Simvastatin produced a comparable anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 5 mg/kg (32%), while 10 and 30 mg/kg caused a 47.6% and 51.7% reduction, respectively, with the maximal effect observed at 20 mg/kg by 57.2% (P < 0.05). The comparison of the ED(50) of these agents on molar basis showed equipotent anti-inflammatory activity. Histopathological examination of the footpad skin biopsies revealed that simvastatin, dose-dependently and comparablly to indomethacin, reduced polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration. These data support the hypothesis that simvastatin has an acute anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Nezić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Binker MG, Zhao DY, Pang SJY, Harrison RE. Cytoplasmic linker protein-170 enhances spreading and phagocytosis in activated macrophages by stabilizing microtubules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3780-91. [PMID: 17785815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activation of macrophages causes increased cell spreading, increased secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, and enhanced phagocytosis. The intracellular mechanisms driving the up-regulation of these activities have not been completely clarified. We observe that classical activation of murine resident peritoneal or RAW 264.7 macrophages with a combination of IFN-gamma and LPS induces an increase in stabilized cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs), measured with an anti-acetylated alpha-tubulin Ab. We examined the mechanism of this MT stabilization and find that macrophage activation causes redistribution of the MT plus-end tracking protein, cytoplasmic linker protein-170 (CLIP-170). CLIP-170 is localized at the distal plus-ends of MTs in resting macrophages, but accumulates along the length of MTs in IFN-gamma/LPS-activated cells. A direct involvement of CLIP-170 in MT stabilization has not been thoroughly established. In this study, we show that expression of a mutant CLIP-170 chimeric protein (dominant-negative CLIP-170-GFP), lacking the MT-binding domain, prevents MT stabilization in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, we find enhanced CLIP-170 association with MTs and MT stabilization by treating resting macrophages with okadaic acid, implicating the protein phosphatase 2A in CLIP-170 binding and MT stabilization in RAW 264.7 cells. Finally, we observed enhanced cell spreading and phagocytosis in both IFN-gamma/LPS-activated and okadaic acid-treated resting RAW 264.7 cells, which are markedly reduced in activated cells expressing dominant-negative CLIP-170-GFP. These results identify CLIP-170 as a key regulator of MT stabilization and establish a prominent role for stabilized MTs in cell spreading and phagocytosis in activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Binker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Leiro JM, Castro R, Arranz JA, Lamas J. Immunomodulating activities of acidic sulphated polysaccharides obtained from the seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:879-88. [PMID: 17499190 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble acidic polysaccharides from the cell walls of Ulva rigida are mainly composed of disaccharides that contain glucuronic acid and sulphated rhamnose. The structure of disaccharides resembles that of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as they both contain glucuronic acid and sulphated sugars. Glycosaminoglycans occur in the extracellular matrix of animal connective tissues but can also be produced by leucocytes at inflammatory sites. Certain types of GAGs can even activate macrophages and therefore the acidic polysaccharides from U. rigida probably modulate macrophage activity. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of U. rigida polysaccharides on several RAW264.7 murine macrophage activities, including expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) production, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression. U. rigida acidic polysaccharides induced a more than two-fold increase in the expression of several chemokines (chemokine (C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (Cxcl14)) and in the expression of IL6 signal transducer and IL12 receptor beta 1. Incubation of macrophages with U. rigida polysaccharides also induced an increase in nitrite production, although this effect decreased considerably after desulphation of polysaccharides, suggesting that the sulphate group is important for the stimulatory capacity of these molecules. U. rigida polysaccharides also stimulated macrophage secretion of PGE(2) and induced an increase in COX-2 and NOS-2 expression. The results indicate that U. rigida acid polysaccharide can be used as an experimental immunostimulant for analysing inflammatory responses related to macrophage functions. In addition, these polysaccharides may also be of clinical interest for modifying certain macrophage activities in diseases where macrophage function is impaired or needs to be boosted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Leiro
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Suleyman H, Gul HI, Gul M, Alkan M, Gocer F. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bis(3-aryl-3-oxo-propyl)methylamine Hydrochloride in Rat. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:63-7. [PMID: 17202661 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effects of compound B1, bis(3-aryl-3-oxo-propyl)methylamine hydrochloride, and an anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, were tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma tests, for effects on acute and chronic phases of inflammation, respectively. Their effects on vascular permeability were also determined by hyaluronidase-induced capillary permeability test. Anti-inflammatory activity of B1 was compared with indomethacin. B1 decreased the carrageenan-induced paw edema by 49%, 35%, and 47% at 50, 100, and 200 mg kg(-1) doses, respectively, while this decrease was 82% by indomethacin at 20 mg kg(-1) dose. Antiproliferative effects in cotton pellet test of B1 at 50 mg kg(-1) and indomethacin at 20 mg kg(-1) doses were 44% and 43%, respectively. Indomethacin but not B1 inhibited the hyaluronidase-induced increase in capillary permeability. Our results suggest that B1 inhibits both acute and chronic phases of inflammation probably by an effect not mediated by prevention of increased capillary permeability. Especially, its anti-inflammatory activity against chronic phase of inflammation was comparable with that of indomethacin. Further detailed studies are needed to clarify the mechanism(s) of action responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Hernández Cruz A, Z. Mendonça R, L. Petricevich V. Crotalus durissus terrificus venom interferes with morphological, functional, and biochemical changes in murine macrophage. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2005:349-59. [PMID: 16489255 PMCID: PMC1533898 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Cdt) is toxic for a
variety of eukaryotic cells, especially at high concentrations.
However its effects on host immune cells are not well known. The
purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cdt on
functional status and the mediators production in peritoneal
macrophages. The effects of Cdt were analyzed in vitro and were
detected using functional status of macrophages as
determined by the H2O2 release, spreading percentage,
phagocytic index, vacuole formation, and mediators production.
Several functional bioassays were employed: cytotoxicity was
determined by taking the lyses percentage and the presence of
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in macrophages, using the
horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red and
nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatants of macrophages by the
Griess reaction. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity was
detected by measuring its cytotoxic activity on L929 cells, and
the production the level of other cytokines was assayed
using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro studies revealed
that Cdt produced (a) a discrete increase in the release of
H2O2 and vacuole formation; (b) a decrease in spreading
percentage and in the phagocytic index; and (c) an increment in
the mediators production. More pronounced increments of IL-6 and
TNF were observed after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Maximum
levels of IFN-γ and NO were observed after 96
hours. Interestingly, levels of all mediators presented a discreet
decrease, as the amount of Cdt was increased. In contrast, the
IL-10 levels observed for all doses studied here did not alter.
The IL-6/IL-10 ratio may possibly reflect the balance of pro- and
anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, which may be
manifested in the inflammatory status during the envenoming
processes. Taken together, these data indicate that Cdt have a
differential effect on macrophage activation and that this venom
is a potent inhibitor of anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Hernández Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Ronaldo Z. Mendonça
- Laboratorio de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L. Petricevich
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
- * Vera L. Petricevich;
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Zhan J, Deng R, Tang J, Zhang B, Tang Y, Wang JK, Li F, Anderson VM, McNutt MA, Gu J. The spleen as a target in severe acute respiratory syndrome. FASEB J 2006; 20:2321-8. [PMID: 17077309 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-6324com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that immune injury is the central mechanism of pathogenesis of the infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To gain a better understanding of immune injury in the spleen, we investigated the number and distribution of various immune cell types in the spleens of SARS patients. We performed autopsies on six confirmed SARS cases, with six normal subjects as controls; spleen samples from these autopsies were examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections, in situ hybridization for SARS virus genomic sequences, and immunohistochemistry with seven monoclonal antibodies to five cell types. The number and distribution of these cells were measured and analyzed using an image analysis system. SARS genomic sequences were detected in all SARS spleens. The SARS spleens all had severe damage to the white pulp and showed an alteration of the normal distribution of various cell types. Immunocytes in the red pulp were decreased by 68.0-90.7% except for CD68+ macrophages and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR positive antigen-presenting cells (APC), which were decreased to a lesser degree. On average, CD68+ macrophages were increased in size by 2.21-fold. We hypothesize that the collapse of the splenic immune system plays a key role in the clinical outcome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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