1
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Rautela I, Thapliyal P, Sahni S, Rayal R, Sharma MD. Potential of seaweeds in preventing cancer and HIV infection in humans. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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Kim YS, Hwang J, Lee SG, Jo HY, Oh MJ, Liyanage NM, Je JG, An HJ, Jeon YJ. Structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri and immune-enhancing activity of polysaccharides combined with lactic acid bacteria. Food Funct 2022; 13:8214-8227. [PMID: 35833451 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (SH), a marine brown alga, is known to contain a variety of bioactive ingredients and previous studies reported sulfated polysaccharides in SH as a potential candidate for a functional ingredient. However, immune-enhancing activity combined with Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) is not yet studied. In the present study, we attempted to characterize sulfated polysaccharides (SHCPs) in SH by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and evaluate their immune-enhancing effect on macrophage cells. The main residue of SHCPs in SH is 2-sulfated 1,4-linked L-fucose and this epitope combined with LAB shows immune enhancement properties through cytokine production at the cellular level and increases the population of lymphocytes and myelomonocytes in the adult zebrafish kidney. These results indicate that SHCPs, along with LAB, have potent immune-enhancing activity and may be utilized as a potential immunomodulatory ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwang
- Natural Products Laboratory, Daebong LS Co., Ltd, 40., Chemdan-ro 8-gil, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hee Young Jo
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Myung Jin Oh
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - N M Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals against Herpes simplex Virus 1. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020116. [PMID: 35200645 PMCID: PMC8878361 DOI: 10.3390/md20020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) remains a prominent health concern widespread all over the world. The increasing genital infections by HSV-1 that might facilitate acquisition and transmission of HIV-1, the cumulative evidence that HSV-1 promotes neurodegenerative disorders, and the emergence of drug resistance signify the need for new antiviral agents. In this study, the in vitro anti-herpetic activity of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted by enzyme or hot water from seaweeds collected in France and Mexico from stranding events, were evaluated. The anti-herpetic activity evaluation of the semi-refined-polysaccharides (sr-SPs) and different ion exchange purified fractions showed a wide range of antiviral activity. Among them, the sr-SPs from the Rhodophyta Halymenia floresii showed stronger activity EC50 0.68 μg/mL with SI 1470, without cytotoxicity. Further, the antiviral activity of the sr-SPs evaluated at different treatment schemes showed a high EC50 of 0.38 μg/mL during the viral adsorption assays when the polysaccharide and the virus were added simultaneously, whilst the protection on Vero cell during the post-infection assay was effective up to 1 h. The chemical composition, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic, and molecular weights of the sr-SPs from H. floresii were determined and discussed based on the anti-herpetic activity. The potential utilization of seaweed stranding as a source of antiviral compounds is addressed.
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Ray B, Ali I, Jana S, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ray S, Schütz M, Marschall M. Antiviral Strategies Using Natural Source-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Major Human Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 35062238 PMCID: PMC8781365 DOI: 10.3390/v14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a mere fraction of the huge variety of human pathogenic viruses can be targeted by the currently available spectrum of antiviral drugs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has highlighted the urgent need for molecules that can be deployed quickly to treat novel, developing or re-emerging viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides are found on the surfaces of both the susceptible host cells and the majority of human viruses, and thus can play an important role during viral infection. Such polysaccharides widely occurring in natural sources, specifically those converted into sulfated varieties, have already proved to possess a high level and sometimes also broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This antiviral potency can be determined through multifold molecular pathways, which in many cases have low profiles of cytotoxicity. Consequently, several new polysaccharide-derived drugs are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We reviewed the present status of research on sulfated polysaccharide-based antiviral agents, their structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and the potential of clinical application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides involved in viral infection or in antiviral activity, respectively, are discussed, together with a focus on the emerging methodology contributing to polysaccharide-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Hanisch FG, Aydogan C, Schroten H. Fucoidan and Derived Oligo-Fucoses: Structural Features with Relevance in Competitive Inhibition of Gastrointestinal Norovirus Binding. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:591. [PMID: 34822462 PMCID: PMC8617971 DOI: 10.3390/md19110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus infections belong to the most common causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide and epidemic outbreaks are responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. In humans, noroviruses are known to bind to gastrointestinal epithelia via recognition of blood-group active mucin-type O-glycans. Considering the involvement of l-α-fucose residues in these glycans, their high valency on epithelial surfaces far surpasses the low affinity, though specific interactions of monovalent milk oligosaccharides. Based on these findings, we attempted to identify polyfucoses (fucans) with the capacity to block binding of the currently most prevalent norovirus strain GII.4 (Sydney, 2012, JX459908) to human and animal gastrointestinal mucins. We provide evidence that inhibitory effects on capsid binding are exerted in a competitive manner by α-fucosyl residues on Fucus vesiculosus fucoidan, but also on the galacto-fucan from Undaria pinnatifida and their oligo-fucose processing products. Insight into novel structural aspects of fucoidan and derived oligosaccharides from low-mass Undaria pinnatifida were revealed by GCMS and MALDI mass spectrometry. In targeting noroviral spread attenuation, this study provides first steps towards a prophylactic food additive that is produced from algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry II, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Cem Aydogan
- PhytoNet AG, 8834 Schindellegi-Feusisberg, Switzerland;
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
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Salih AEM, Thissera B, Yaseen M, Hassane ASI, El-Seedi HR, Sayed AM, Rateb ME. Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Report and Modeling Study Focusing on SARS CoV-2. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:406. [PMID: 34436245 PMCID: PMC8401819 DOI: 10.3390/md19080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is a novel coronavirus strain that emerged at the end of 2019, causing millions of deaths so far. Despite enormous efforts being made through various drug discovery campaigns, there is still a desperate need for treatments with high efficacy and selectivity. Recently, marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs) have earned significant attention and are widely examined against many viral infections. This article attempted to produce a comprehensive report about MSPs from different marine sources alongside their antiviral effects against various viral species covering the last 25 years of research articles. Additionally, these reported MSPs were subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulation experiments to ascertain potential interactions with both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS CoV-2's spike protein (S-protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The possible binding sites on both S-protein's RBD and ACE2 were determined based on how they bind to heparin, which has been reported to exhibit significant antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 through binding to RBD, preventing the virus from affecting ACE2. Moreover, our modeling results illustrate that heparin can also bind to and block ACE2, acting as a competitor and protective agent against SARS CoV-2 infection. Nine of the investigated MSPs candidates exhibited promising results, taking into consideration the newly emerged SARS CoV-2 variants, of which five were not previously reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2, including sulfated galactofucan (1), sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) (2), sulfated mannan (3), sulfated heterorhamnan (8), and chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) (9). These results shed light on the importance of sulfated polysaccharides as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E. M. Salih
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Bathini Thissera
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Ahmed S. I. Hassane
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
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7
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Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Marine sulfated polysaccharides as potential antiviral drug candidates to treat Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108326. [PMID: 34015720 PMCID: PMC8091805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the mortality rate and engaged several adverse effects on the affected individuals. Currently available antiviral drugs have found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The demand for efficient antiviral drugs has created a huge burden on physicians and health workers. Plasma therapy seems to be less accomplishable due to insufficient donors to donate plasma and low recovery rate from viral infection. Repurposing of antivirals has been evolved as a suitable strategy in the current treatment and preventive measures. The concept of drug repurposing represents new experimental approaches for effective therapeutic benefits. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits several complications such as lung damage, blood clot formation, respiratory illness and organ failures in most of the patients. Based on the accumulation of data, sulfated marine polysaccharides have exerted successful inhibition of virus entry, attachment and replication with known or unknown possible mechanisms against deadly animal and human viruses so far. Since the virus entry into the host cells is the key process, the prevention of such entry mechanism makes any antiviral strategy effective. Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to polyanions than non-enveloped viruses. Besides, the viral infection caused by RNA virus types embarks severe oxidative stress in the human body that leads to malfunction of tissues and organs. In this context, polysaccharides play a very significant role in providing shielding effect against the virus due to their polyanionic rich features and a molecular weight that hinders their reactive surface glycoproteins. Significantly the functional groups especially sulfate, sulfate pattern and addition, uronic acids, monosaccharides, glycosidic linkage and high molecular weight have greater influence in the antiviral activity. Moreover, they are very good antioxidants that can reduce the free radical generation and provokes intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, polysaccharides enable a host-virus immune response, activate phagocytosis and stimulate interferon systems. Therefore, polysaccharides can be used as candidate drugs, adjuvants in vaccines or combination with other antivirals, antioxidants and immune-activating nutritional supplements and antiviral materials in healthcare products to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Seaweed as a Source of Natural Antioxidants: Therapeutic Activity and Food Applications. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5753391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, polysaccharides, antioxidants, minerals, and essential nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins that could be used as a functional ingredient. The variation in the composition of biologically active compounds in seaweeds depends on the environmental growth factors that make seaweed of the same species compositionally different across the globe. Nevertheless, all seaweeds exhibit extraordinary antioxidant potential which can be harnessed for a broad variety of food applications such as in preparation of soups, pasta, salads, noodles, and other country specific dishes. This review highlights the nutritional and bioactive compounds occurring in different classes of seaweeds while focusing on their therapeutic activities including but not limited to blood cell aggregation, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The review also explores the existing and potential application of seaweeds as a source of natural antioxidant in food products. Seaweed-derived compounds have great potential for being used as a supplement in functional foods due to their high stability as well as consumer demand for antioxidant-rich foods.
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9
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Sangtani R, Ghosh A, Jha HC, Parmar HS, Bala K. Potential of algal metabolites for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics: Possible implications in COVID-19 therapy. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2296-2316. [PMID: 33210447 PMCID: PMC7753317 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic severely affected human health worldwide. Till October 19, 2020, total confirmed patients of COVID-19 are 39,944,882, whereas 1,111,998 people died across the globe. Till to date, we do not have any specific medicine and/or vaccine to treat COVID-19; however, research is still going on at war footing. So far vaccine development is concerned, here it is noteworthy that till now three major variants (named A, B, and C) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been recognized. Increased mutational rate and formation of new viral variants may increase the attrition rate of vaccines and/or candidate chemotherapies. Herbal remedies are chemical cocktails, thus open another avenue for effective antiviral therapeutics development. In fact, India is a large country, which is densely populated, but the overall severity of COVID-19 per million populations is lesser than any other country of the world. One of the major reasons for the aforesaid difference is the use of herbal remedies by the Government of India as a preventive measure for COVID-19. Therefore, the present review focuses on the epidemiology and molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 and explores algal metabolites for their antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimjhim Sangtani
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
| | - Atreyee Ghosh
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
| | - Hem C. Jha
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
| | | | - Kiran Bala
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
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Bianculli RH, Mase JD, Schulz MD. Antiviral Polymers: Past Approaches and Future Possibilities. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Bianculli
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Mase
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Stojković D, Kostić M, Smiljković M, Aleksić M, Vasiljević P, Nikolić M, Soković M. Linking Antimicrobial Potential of Natural Products Derived from Aquatic Organisms and Microbes Involved in Alzheimer's Disease - A Review. Curr Med Chem 2020. [PMID: 29521212 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180309103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The following review is oriented towards microbes linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antimicrobial effect of compounds and extracts derived from aquatic organisms against specific bacteria, fungi and viruses which were found previously in patients suffering from AD. Major group of microbes linked to AD include bacteria: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces naeslundii, spirochete group; fungi: Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Malassezia sp., Botrytis sp., and viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the light of that fact, this review is the first to link antimicrobial potential of aquatic organisms against these sorts of microbes. This literature review might serve as a starting platform to develop novel supportive therapy for patients suffering from AD and to possibly prevent escalation of the disease in patients already having high-risk factors for AD occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Smiljković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Visegradska 33, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Visegradska 33, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Miloš Nikolić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Hentati F, Tounsi L, Djomdi D, Pierre G, Delattre C, Ursu AV, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. Bioactive Polysaccharides from Seaweeds. Molecules 2020; 25:E3152. [PMID: 32660153 PMCID: PMC7397078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures play a significant role in disease prevention and maintenance of physiological functions. Due to the increase in industrial demand for new biosourced molecules, several types of biomasses are being exploited for the identification of bioactive metabolites and techno-functional biomolecules that are suitable for the subsequent uses in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical fields. Among the various biomasses available, macroalgae are gaining popularity because of their potential nutraceutical and health benefits. Such health effects are delivered by specific diterpenes, pigments (fucoxanthin, phycocyanin, and carotenoids), bioactive peptides and polysaccharides. Abundant and recent studies have identified valuable biological activities of native algae polysaccharides, but also of their derivatives, including oligosaccharides and (bio)chemically modified polysaccharides. However, only a few of them can be industrially developed and open up new markets of active molecules, extracts or ingredients. In this respect, the health and nutraceutical claims associated with marine algal bioactive polysaccharides are summarized and comprehensively discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Hentati
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisie;
| | - Latifa Tounsi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Djomdi Djomdi
- Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46 Maroua, Cameroon;
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alina Violeta Ursu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisie;
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisie;
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
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13
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Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are common human pathogens belonging to the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae that trigger severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. After primary infection, the HSVs establish a lifelong latent infection in the vegetative neural ganglia of their hosts. HSV infections contribute to substantial disease burden in humans as well as in newborns. Despite a fair number of drugs being available for the treatment of HSV infections, new, effective, and safe antiviral agents, exerting different mechanisms of action, are urgently required, mainly due to the increasing number of resistant strains. Accumulating pieces of evidence have suggested that structurally diverse compounds from marine algae possess promising anti-HSV potentials. Several studies have documented a variety of algal polysaccharides possessing anti-HSV activity, including carrageenan and fucan. This review aimed to compile previous anti-HSV studies on marine algae–derived compounds, especially sulfated polysaccharides, along with their mode of action, toward their development as novel natural anti-HSV agents for future investigations.
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Wittine K, Saftić L, Peršurić Ž, Kraljević Pavelić S. Novel Antiretroviral Structures from Marine Organisms. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193486. [PMID: 31561445 PMCID: PMC6804230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of significant advancements and success in antiretroviral therapies directed against HIV infection, there is no cure for HIV, which scan persist in a human body in its latent form and become reactivated under favorable conditions. Therefore, novel antiretroviral drugs with different modes of actions are still a major focus for researchers. In particular, novel lead structures are being sought from natural sources. So far, a number of compounds from marine organisms have been identified as promising therapeutics for HIV infection. Therefore, in this paper, we provide an overview of marine natural products that were first identified in the period between 2013 and 2018 that could be potentially used, or further optimized, as novel antiretroviral agents. This pipeline includes the systematization of antiretroviral activities for several categories of marine structures including chitosan and its derivatives, sulfated polysaccharides, lectins, bromotyrosine derivatives, peptides, alkaloids, diterpenes, phlorotannins, and xanthones as well as adjuvants to the HAART therapy such as fish oil. We critically discuss the structures and activities of the most promising new marine anti-HIV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Wittine
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Lara Saftić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Željka Peršurić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Jayawardena TU, Asanka Sanjeewa KK, Shanura Fernando IP, Ryu BM, Kang MC, Jee Y, Lee WW, Jeon YJ. Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh ethanol extract inhibits the fine dust inflammation response via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in RAW 264.7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:249. [PMID: 30200963 PMCID: PMC6131869 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the different kinds of pollution, air pollution continues to increase globally. East Asia is considered to be significantly affected. As a result, the populations in these regions face serious health issues including respiratory disorders. This study investigated the impact of fine dust (FD) particles (CRM No. 28) on macrophage cells as a model for alveolar lung cells. METHODS The research focused on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by FD and Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh ethanol extract (SHE) as a potential treatment. S. horneri is a type of brown algae that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects against RAW 264.7 macrophages in previous studies. MTT, Griess, ELISA, western blotting, and mRNA expression analyses using PCR techniques were used in this study. RESULTS The optimum FD concentration was determined to be 125 μg mL- 1. FD particles stimulated inflammatory mediators production (iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), leading to NO production. These mediators were dose-dependently downregulated by treatment with SHE. IL-6 and TNF-α were identified as biomarkers for FD. SHE treatment induced HO-1 and Nrf2 activity in a dose-dependent manner under FD stimulation. This confirmed the cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress induced via FD. Furthermore, treatment of the cells with a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) induced FD-stimulated NO production. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that SHE increases macrophage cellular resistance to FD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, probably via the p38 MAPK pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - I. P. Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
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Gawor J, Jank M, Jodkowska K, Klim E, Svensson UK. Effects of Edible Treats Containing Ascophyllum nodosum on the Oral Health of Dogs: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Study. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:168. [PMID: 30109236 PMCID: PMC6080642 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study (designed according to evidence based medicine standards) was to determine the effect of 90-day administration of edible treats containing the brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum, on plaque and dental calculus accumulation on the teeth of dogs, as well as on other parameters characterizing canine oral health status, including: plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), oral health index (OHI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration. Sixty client-owned dogs, including Japanese chin, miniature Schnauzer, Chihuahua, Pomeranian, and West Highland White Terrier (WHWT) breeds, underwent professional dental cleaning and were randomly subdivided into two groups receiving daily edible treats containing the brown algae A. nodosum, or placebo, adjusted to their bodyweight. After a comprehensive oral health assessment, including a professional dental cleaning, which were both performed under general anesthesia, clinical assessments of PI, CI, OHI, GBI, and VSC concentration were performed under sedation after 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment. Oral administration of edible treats containing A. nodosum significantly improved PI, CI, and VSC concentration, compared with the placebo-treated group. The consumption of edible treats containing A. nodosum efficiently decreased plaque and calculus accumulation in the investigated dogs. Dogs treated with A. nodosum also exhibited significantly lower concentrations of VSC and better oral health status (e.g., OHI and GBI) than those in the placebo-control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Jank
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jodkowska
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Vaseghi G, Sharifi M, Dana N, Ghasemi A, Yegdaneh A. Cytotoxicity of Sargassum angustifolium Partitions against Breast and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:43. [PMID: 29657928 PMCID: PMC5887695 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_259_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marine organisms produce a variety of compounds with pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. This study attempt to find cytotoxicity of hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), and butanol (BUTOH) partitions of Sargassum angustifolium. Materials and Methods S. angustifolium was collected from Bushehr, a Southwest coastline of Persian Gulf. The plant was extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate. The extract was evaporated under vacuum and partitioned by Kupchan method to yield HEX, DCM, and BUTOH partitions. The cytotoxic activity of the extract (150, 450, and 900 μg/ml) was investigated against MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells cell lines by mitochondrial tetrazolium test assay after 72 h. Results The cell survivals of HeLa and MCF-7 cell were decreased by increasing the concentration of extracts from 150 μg/ml to 900 μg/ml. The median growth inhibitory concentration value of HEX partition was 71 and 77 μg/ml against HeLa and MCF-7, dichloromethane partition was 36 and 88 μg/ml against HeLa and MCF-7, respectively. BUTOH partition was 25 μg/ml against MCF-7. Conclusion This study reveals that different partitions of S. angustifolium have cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Yegdaneh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
There remains today a critical need for new antiviral agents, particularly in view of the alarming increase in drug resistance and associated issues. The marine environment has been a prolific contributor towards the identification of novel therapeutic agents in the recent few decades. Added to this, glycans (or carbohydrate- or sugar-based compounds) have in very recent decades made outstanding contributions to the development of novel therapeutics. This review brings together these significant facets of modern drug discovery by presenting the reported literature on glycans derived from marine organisms that possess antiviral activity.The glycans have been grouped together based on the marine organism they were isolated from, namely, (1) bacteria, (2) chromists, (3) plants and (4) animals. For chromists, glycans are further subsectioned into Ochrophyta (brown algae), Miozoa (according to www.algaebase.org ; also called Myzozoa according to WoRMS, www.marinespecies.org ) (dinoflagellates) and Bacillariophyta (diatoms). For plants, glycans are further subsectioned into Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Tracheophyta. Glycans isolated to date are reported as alginates, chitosan, extracellular polysaccharides, fucans (e.g. fucoidans), galactans (e.g. carrageenans), glycolipids, glycosaminoglycans, glycosides, glycosylated haemocyanin, laminarans, mannans, polysaccharides (not defined), rhamnans and xylomannans. Interestingly, many of the glycans displaying antiviral properties are sulfated.Reports indicate that marine-sourced glycans have exhibited antiviral activity against African swine fever virus, cytomegalovirus, dengue virus, Epstein-Barr virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, human papilloma virus, human rhino virus, influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, murine leukaemia virus, murine sarcoma virus, Newcastle disease virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Semliki Forest virus, tobacco mosaic virus, vaccinia virus, varicella zoster virus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. Selected representative glycan structures are presented in Fig. 20.1.
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Deniaud-Bouët E, Hardouin K, Potin P, Kloareg B, Hervé C. A review about brown algal cell walls and fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides: Cell wall context, biomedical properties and key research challenges. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:395-408. [PMID: 28917882 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies on brown algal cell walls have entered a new phase with the concomitant discovery of novel polysaccharides present in cell walls and the establishment of a comprehensive generic model for cell wall architecture. Brown algal cell walls are composites of structurally complex polysaccharides. In this review we discuss the most recent progress in the structural composition of brown algal cell walls, emphasizing the significance of extraction and screening techniques, and the biological activities of the corresponding polysaccharides, with a specific focus on the fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides. They include valuable marine molecules that exert a broad range of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, functions in the regulation of immune responses and of haemostasis, anti-infectious and anticancer actions. We identify the key remaining challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deniaud-Bouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Kevin Hardouin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
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20
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Imbs TI, Ermakova SP, Malyarenko Vishchuk OS, Isakov VV, Zvyagintseva TN. Structural elucidation of polysaccharide fractions from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii and in vitro investigation of their anticancer activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 135:162-8. [PMID: 26453864 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminaran, fucoidan, and alginate were isolated from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii collected in the Japan Sea. The structural characteristics of polysaccharides were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The laminaran was determined as β-d-glucan, which consisted of 80% of 1,3- and 20% of 1,6-linked residues and was terminated with mannitol. The alginate was a guluronic acid-rich polysaccharide (M/G=0.85). Fucoidan, sulfated α-l-fucan, contained a linear backbone of alternating (1→3)- and (1→4)- linked α-l-fucopyranose residues with sulfate at C2 and C4 of (1→3)-α-l-fucopyranose residues. Anticancer activity of this fucoidan was investigated in comparison with activity of fucoidan having similar linear backbone from the brown alga Fucus evanescens. The fucoidan from C. langsdorfii significantly inhibited colony formation of SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells (the percentage of inhibition was 28 and 76, respectively) and weakly inhibited colony formation of breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 (the percentage of inhibition was about 5). Similar results were obtained for fucoidan from F. evanescens; the percentage of inhibition of colony formation of SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells was 54 and 56, respectively. The inhibition of colony formation of breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 was weak. We suppose that other sulfated and partially acetylated fucoidans consisting of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked α-l-fucopyranose residues may suppress progression of melanoma cell colony formation similar to fucoidans of C. langsdorfii and F. evanescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Imbs
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko Vishchuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Isakov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
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21
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Dinesh S, Menon T, Hanna LE, Suresh V, Sathuvan M, Manikannan M. In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of fucoidan from Sargassum swartzii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:83-8. [PMID: 26472515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum swartzii, a marine brown algae with wide range of biological properties belongs to the family Sargassaceae. Bioactive fucoidan fractions (CFF, FF1 and FF2) were isolated from S. swartzii and characterized by linear gradient anion-exchange chromatography and FT-IR. The characterized fucoidan fractions contained mainly sugars, sulfate and uronic acid. In the present study, anti-HIV-1 property of the fucoidan fractions was investigated. Fraction FF2 was found to exhibit significant anti-HIV-1 activity at concentrations of 1.56 and 6.25 μg/ml as observed by >50% reduction in HIV-1 p24 antigen levels and reverse transcriptase activity. Fucoidan fractions have no cytotoxic effects on PBMCs at the concentration range of 1.56-1000 μg/ml. These results suggest that fucoidan fractions could have inhibitory activity against HIV and has potential as an anti-HIV-1 agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Dinesh
- Department of Microbiology, Dr ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Thangam Menon
- Department of Microbiology, Dr ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - Luke E Hanna
- Division of HIV/AIDS, Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, TN, India
| | - V Suresh
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, TN, India
| | - M Sathuvan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
| | - M Manikannan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama University, Chennai 600119, India
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Kuda T, Nemoto M, Kawahara M, Oshio S, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Induction of the superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of dried 'funori'Gloiopeltis furcata by Lactobacillus plantarum S-SU1 fermentation. Food Funct 2015; 6:2535-41. [PMID: 26110834 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00668f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
To understand the beneficial properties of edible algae obtained from the north-eastern (Sanriku) Satoumi region of Japan, the antioxidant properties of hot aqueous extract solutions (AES) obtained from 18 dried algal products were determined. The samples included 4 Ceratophyllum demersum (matsumo), 5 Undaria pinnatifida (wakame), 5 Laminaria japonica (kombu), and 2 each of Gloiopeltis furcate (funori) and G. tenax (funori). Of these products, the total phenolic content and Fe-reducing power were highest in matsumo. On the other hand, the polysaccharide content, viscosity, and superoxide anion radical (O2˙(-))-scavenging capacity were highest in funori. Lactobacillus plantarum S-SU3, isolated from the intestine of Japanese surfperch, and Lb. plantarum S-SU1, isolated from salted squid, could ferment the AES of matsumo and funori, respectively. Although the Fe-reducing power of the matsumo solution was reduced due to fermentation, the O2˙(-)-scavenging capacity of the funori solution was increased by fermentation. Furthermore, the fermented funori suspension protected Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a live cell model, against H2O2 toxicity. These results suggest that the fermented funori is a promising functional food material that is capable of protecting against reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Purification and Characterization of a Fucoidanase (FNase S) from a Marine Bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis PF-1. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4398-417. [PMID: 26193285 PMCID: PMC4515624 DOI: 10.3390/md13074398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Search for enzyme activities that efficiently degrade marine polysaccharides is becoming an increasingly important area for both structural analysis and production of lower-molecular weight oligosaccharides. In this study, an endo-acting fucoidanase that degrades Miyeokgui fucoidan (MF), a sulfated galactofucan isolated from the sporophyll (called Miyeokgui in Korean) of Undaria pinnatifida, into smaller-sized galactofuco-oligosaccharides (1000-4000 Da) was purified from a marine bacterium, Sphingomonas paucimobilis PF-1, by ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose column chromatography, and chromatofocusing. The specific activity of this enzyme was approximately 112-fold higher than that of the crude enzyme, and its molecular weight was approximately 130 kDa (FNase S), as determined by native gel electrophoresis and 130 (S1), 70 (S2) and 60 (S3) kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH and temperature of FNase S were pH 6.0-7.0 and 40-45 °C, respectively. FNase S activity was enhanced by Mn2+ and Na+ (115.7% and 131.2%), but it was inhibited by Ca2+, K+, Ba2+, Cu2+ (96%, 83.7%, 84.3%, and 89.3%, respectively), each at 1 mM. The Km, Vmax and Kcat values of FNase S on MF were 1.7 mM, 0.62 mg·min-1, and 0.38·S-1, respectively. This enzyme could be a valuable tool for the structural analysis of fucoidans and production of bioactive fuco-oligosaccharides.
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMB, de Morais RMSC. Marine polysaccharides from algae with potential biomedical applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2967-3028. [PMID: 25988519 PMCID: PMC4446615 DOI: 10.3390/md13052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current tendency towards bioactive natural products with applications in various industries, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics and food. This has put some emphasis in research on marine organisms, including macroalgae and microalgae, among others. Polysaccharides with marine origin constitute one type of these biochemical compounds that have already proved to have several important properties, such as anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic, immunomodulatory ability, antitumor and cancer preventive, antilipidaemic and hypoglycaemic, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of applications. Their properties are mainly due to their structure and physicochemical characteristics, which depend on the organism they are produced by. In the biomedical field, the polysaccharides from algae can be used in controlled drug delivery, wound management, and regenerative medicine. This review will focus on the biomedical applications of marine polysaccharides from algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alcina Maria Bernardo de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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Kang JS, Choi IW, Han MH, Hong SH, Kim SO, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Choi BT, Kim CM, Choi YH. Sargassum horneri methanol extract rescues C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:17. [PMID: 25653022 PMCID: PMC4324402 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sargassum horneri, an edible marine brown alga, is typically distributed along the coastal seas of Korea and Japan. Although several studies have demonstrated the anti-oxidative activity of this alga, the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been defined. The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of S. horneri against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 myoblasts. METHODS We demonstrated the anti-oxidative effects of a methanol extract of S. horneri (SHME) in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated C2C12 myoblast model. Cytotoxicity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium assay and mode of cell death by cell cycle analysis. DNA damage was measured using a comet assay and expression of phospho-histone γH2A.X (p-γH2A.X). Levels of cellular oxidative stress as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The involvement of selected genes in the oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathway was explored using Western blot analysis. RESULTS SHME attenuated H2O2-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS that were induced by H2O2. The SHME also inhibited comet tail formation, p-γH2A.X expression, and the number of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells, suggesting that it prevents H2O2-induced cellular DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the SHME significantly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) associated with induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the protective effect of the SHME on H2O2-induced C2C12 cell damage was significantly abolished by zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 competitive inhibitor, in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the SHME augments cellular antioxidant defense capacity through both intrinsic free radical scavenging activity and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, protecting C2C12 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sook Kang
- Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ho Han
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 614-052, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Team for Scientification of Korean Medical Intervention (BK21 Plus) and Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 706-828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences & Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences & Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 614-052, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JB, Tanikawa T, Hayashi K, Asagi M, Kasahara Y, Hayashi T. Characterization and biological effects of two polysaccharides isolated from Acanthopanax sciadophylloides. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jin F, Zhuo C, He Z, Wang H, Liu W, Zhang R, Wang Y. Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of polysaccharides from Eucheuma gelatinae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:453-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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In vitro anti-canine distemper virus activity of fucoidan extracted from the brown alga Cladosiphon okamuranus. Virusdisease 2014; 25:474-80. [PMID: 25674625 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus related to measles virus that infects dogs and other carnivores. CDV has a significant global impact on animal health; however, there is no current antiviral treatment for CDV infection. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides exhibit antiviral properties both in vivo and in vitro, despite their low cytotoxicity to host cells. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell wall matrix of brown algae. In this study, we evaluated in vitro anti-CDV activity of fucoidan, which was derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus. Fucoidan actively inhibited CDV replication in Vero cells at a 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1 µg/ml. The derived selectivity index (SI50) was >20,000. This polysaccharide likely inhibits viral infection by interference in the early steps and by inhibiting CDV-mediated cell fusion. Fucoidan may be useful in development of pharmacological strategies to treat and control CDV infection.
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Kim ME, Jung YC, Jung I, Lee HW, Youn HY, Lee JS. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract from Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage activation via NF-κB pathway regulation. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:137-46. [PMID: 25140761 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.942459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is major symptom of the innate immune response by infection of microbes. Macrophages, one of immune response related cells, play a role in inflammatory response. Recent studies reported that various natural products can regulate the activation of immune cells such as macrophage. Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh is one of brown algae. Recently, various seaweeds including brown algae have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, anti-inflammatory effects of Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh are still unknown. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh (ESH) on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The ESH was extracted from dried Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh with 70% ethanol and then lyophilized at -40 °C. ESH was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7, and nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS-stimulated macrophage activation was significantly decreased by the addition of 200 μg/mL of ESH. Moreover, ESH treatment reduced mRNA level of cytokines, including IL-1β, and pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated macrophage activation in a dose-dependent manner. ESH was found to elicit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ERK, p-p38 and NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition, ESH inhibited the release of IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that ESH elicits anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophage activation via the inhibition of ERK, p-p38, NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Eun Kim
- Department of Biology, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University , Dong-gu, Gwangju , Republic of Korea
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Lee SY, Kim KBWR, Lim SI, Ahn DH. Antibacterial mechanism of Myagropsis myagroides extract on Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Park MJ, Han JS. Protective Effects of the Fermented Laminaria japonica Extract on Oxidative Damage in LLC-PK1 Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 18:227-33. [PMID: 24551823 PMCID: PMC3925211 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2013.18.4.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of the butanol (BuOH) fraction from fermented Laminaria japonica extract (BFLJ) on AAPH-induced oxidative stress in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1 cells). L. japonica was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae at 35±1°C for 72 h. Freeze-dried fermented L. japonica was extracted with distilled water, and the extracted solution was mixed with ethanol and then centrifuged. The supernatant was subjected to sequential fractionation with various solvents. The BuOH fraction was used in this study because it possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among the various solvent fractions. The BuOH fraction of fermented L. japonica had a protective effect against the AAPH-induced LLC-PK1 cells damage and increased cell viability while reducing lipid peroxidation formation and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The inhibitory effect of BFLJ on lipid peroxidation formation had a higher value of 0.11±0.01 nmol MDA at 100 μg/mL concentration in comparison with intact BuOH fraction showing 0.22±0.08 nmol MDA at the same concentration. Furthermore, BFLJ treatment increased glutathione concentration. GSH concentration in the cell treated with BFLJ of 100 μg/mL was 1.80 pmol/L×10(5) cells. These results indicate that BFLJ protects the LLC-PK1 cells against AAPH-induced cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation formation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Odagiri S, Kato Y. Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrate, Amino Acid and Polyphenol Contents of Tsuruarame (Ecklonia stolonifera). J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.61.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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An C, Yazaki T, Takahashi H, Kuda T, Kimura B. Diet-induced changes in alginate- and laminaran-fermenting bacterial levels in the caecal contents of rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Liu L, Heinrich M, Myers S, Dworjanyn SA. Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of the brown seaweed Sargassum in Traditional Chinese Medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:591-619. [PMID: 22683660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For nearly 2000 years Sargassum spp., a brown seaweed, has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat a variety of diseases including thyroid disease (e.g. goitre). AIMS OF THE REVIEW To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic claims made for Sargassum spp. in TCM and to identify future research needs. BACKGROUND AND METHODS A systematic search for the use of Sargassum in classical TCM books was conducted and linked to a search for modern phytochemical and pharmacological data on Sargassum spp. retrieved from PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SciFinder Scholar and CNKI (in Chinese). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The therapeutic effects of Sargassum spp. are scientifically plausible and may be explained partially by key in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities of Sargassum, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Although the mechanism of actions is still not clear, the pharmacological activities could be mainly attributed to the major biologically active metabolites, meroterpenoids, phlorotanins and fucoidans. The contribution of iodine in Sargassum for treating thyroid related diseases seem to have been over estimated. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive compounds in Sargassum spp. appear to play a role as immunomodulators and could be useful in the treatment of thyroid related diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Further research is required to determine both the preventative and therapeutic role of Sargassum spp. in thyroid health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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Bolton MJ, Garry RF. Sequence similarity between the erythrocyte binding domain of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein and the V3 loop of HIV-1 strain MN reveals a functional heparin binding motif involved in binding to the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines. Virol J 2011; 8:523. [PMID: 22122911 PMCID: PMC3240837 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 (SU, gp120) and the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) bind to chemokine receptors during infection and have a site of amino acid sequence similarity in their binding domains that often includes a heparin binding motif (HBM). Infection by either pathogen has been found to be inhibited by polyanions. Results Specific polyanions that inhibit HIV infection and bind to the V3 loop of X4 strains also inhibited DBP-mediated infection of erythrocytes and DBP binding to the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC). A peptide including the HBM of PvDBP had similar affinity for heparin as RANTES and V3 loop peptides, and could be specifically inhibited from heparin binding by the same polyanions that inhibit DBP binding to DARC. However, some V3 peptides can competitively inhibit RANTES binding to heparin, but not the PvDBP HBM peptide. Three other members of the DBP family have an HBM sequence that is necessary for erythrocyte binding, however only the protein which binds to DARC, the P. knowlesi alpha protein, is inhibited by heparin from binding to erythrocytes. Heparitinase digestion does not affect the binding of DBP to erythrocytes. Conclusion The HBMs of DBPs that bind to DARC have similar heparin binding affinities as some V3 loop peptides and chemokines, are responsible for specific sulfated polysaccharide inhibition of parasite binding and invasion of red blood cells, and are more likely to bind to negative charges on the receptor than cell surface glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bolton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Kandasamy S, Fan D, Sangha JS, Khan W, Evans F, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B. Tasco(®), a product of Ascophyllum nodosum, imparts thermal stress tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2256-2282. [PMID: 22163185 PMCID: PMC3229234 DOI: 10.3390/md9112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tasco(®), a commercial product manufactured from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, has been shown to impart thermal stress tolerance in animals. We investigated the physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of this induced thermal stress tolerance using the invertebrate animal model, Caenorhabiditis elegans. Tasco(®) water extract (TWE) at 300 μg/mL significantly enhanced thermal stress tolerance as well as extended the life span of C. elegans. The mean survival rate of the model animals under thermal stress (35 °C) treated with 300 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL TWE, respectively, was 68% and 71% higher than the control animals. However, the TWE treatments did not affect the nematode body length, fertility or the cellular localization of daf-16. On the contrary, TWE under thermal stress significantly increased the pharyngeal pumping rate in treated animals compared to the control. Treatment with TWE also showed differential protein expression profiles over control following 2D gel-electrophoresis analysis. Furthermore, TWE significantly altered the expression of at least 40 proteins under thermal stress; among these proteins 34 were up-regulated while six were down-regulated. Mass spectroscopy analysis of the proteins altered by TWE treatment revealed that these proteins were related to heat stress tolerance, energy metabolism and a muscle structure related protein. Among them heat shock proteins, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, saposin-like proteins 20, myosin regulatory light chain 1, cytochrome c oxidase RAS-like, GTP-binding protein RHO A, OS were significantly up-regulated, while eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 OS, 60S ribosomal protein L18 OS, peroxiredoxin protein 2 were down regulated by TWE treatment. These results were further validated by gene expression and reporter gene expression analyses. Overall results indicate that the water soluble components of Tasco(®) imparted thermal stress tolerance in the C. elegans by altering stress related biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveetha Kandasamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Jatinder Singh Sangha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth NS B3B 1X8, Canada; E-Mails: (F.E.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Wajahatullah Khan
- Genome Research Chair Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
| | - Franklin Evans
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth NS B3B 1X8, Canada; E-Mails: (F.E.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth NS B3B 1X8, Canada; E-Mails: (F.E.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
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Vo TS, Ngo DH, Ta QV, Kim SK. Marine organisms as a therapeutic source against herpes simplex virus infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lee JB, Takeshita A, Hayashi K, Hayashi T. Structures and antiviral activities of polysaccharides from Sargassum trichophyllum. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sokolova RV, Ermakova SP, Awada SM, Zvyagintseva TN, Kanaan HM. Composition, structural characteristics, and antitumor properties of polysaccharides from the brown algae Dictyopteris polypodioides and Sargassum sp. Chem Nat Compd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-011-9925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Costa LS, Fidelis GP, Telles CBS, Dantas-Santos N, Camara RBG, Cordeiro SL, Pereira Costa MSS, Almeida-Lima J, Melo-Silveira RF, Oliveira RM, Albuquerque IRL, Andrade GPV, Rocha HAO. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of heterofucans from the seaweed Sargassum filipendula. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:952-966. [PMID: 21747741 PMCID: PMC3131554 DOI: 10.3390/md9060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucan is a term used to denominate a type of polysaccharide which contains substantial percentages of l-fucose and sulfate ester groups. We obtained five heterofucans from Sargassum filipendula by proteolytic digestion followed by sequential acetone precipitation. These heterofucans are composed mainly of fucose, glucose, glucuronic acid, galactose and sulfate. These fucans did not show anticoagulant activity in PT and aPTT tests. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated using the follow tests; total antioxidant capacity, scavenging hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, reducing power and ferrous ion [Fe(II)] chelating. All heterofucans displayed considerable activity, especially SF-1.0v which showed the most significant antioxidant potential with 90.7 ascorbic acid equivalents in a total antioxidant capacity test and similar activity when compared with vitamin C in a reducing power assay. The fucan antiproliferative activity was performed with HeLa, PC3 and HepG2 cells using MTT test. In all tested conditions the heterofucans exhibited a dose-dependent effect. The strongest inhibition was observed in HeLa cells, where SF-1.0 and SF-1.5 exhibited considerable activity with an IC50 value of 15.69 and 13.83 μM, respectively. These results clearly indicate the beneficial effect of S. filipendula polysaccharides as antiproliferative and antioxidant. Further purification steps and additional studies on structural features as well as in vivo experiments are needed to test the viability of their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mail: (L.S.C.)
| | - Gabriel Pereira Fidelis
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Cinthia Beatrice Silva Telles
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Nednaldo Dantas-Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Rafael Barros Gomes Camara
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Sara Lima Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Mariana Santana Santos Pereira Costa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Jailma Almeida-Lima
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Raniere Fagundes Melo-Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Ruth Medeiros Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Ivan Rui Lopes Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Giulianna Paiva Viana Andrade
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; E-Mails: (G.P.F.); (C.B.S.T), (N.D.-S); (R.B.G.C.); (S.L.C.); (M.S.S.P.C.); (J.A.-L); (R.F.M.-S); (R.M.O.); (I.R.L.A); (G.P.V.A.)
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41
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Mercorelli B, Lembo D, Palù G, Loregian A. Early inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus: state-of-art and therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:309-29. [PMID: 21570424 PMCID: PMC7112563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with severe morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, mainly transplant recipients and AIDS patients, and is the most frequent cause of congenital malformations in newborn children. To date, few drugs are licensed for the treatment of HCMV infections, most of which target the viral DNA polymerase and suffer from many drawbacks, including long-term toxicity, low potency, and poor bioavailability. In addition, the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains is becoming an increasing problem for disease management. Finally, none of the current anti-HCMV drugs have been approved for the treatment of congenital infections. For all these reasons, there is still a strong need for new anti-HCMV drugs with novel mechanisms of action. The first events of the virus replication cycle, including attachment, entry, immediate-early gene expression, and immediate-early functions—in particular that of Immediate-Early 2 protein—represent attractive targets for the development of novel antiviral compounds. Such inhibitors would block not only the expression of viral immediate-early proteins, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of HCMV infection, but also the host immunomodulation and the changes to cell physiology induced by the first events of virus infection. This review describes the current knowledge on the initial phases of HCMV replication, their validation as potential novel antiviral targets, and the development of compounds that block such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mercorelli
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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42
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Wijesekara I, Pangestuti R, Kim SK. Biological activities and potential health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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43
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Iwata K, Naito E, Yamashita K, Kakino K, Taharaguchi S, Kimachi Y, Hara M, Takase K. Anti pseudorabies virus activity of kumazasa extract. Biocontrol Sci 2011; 15:123-8. [PMID: 21212504 DOI: 10.4265/bio.15.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Sasa veitchii or "kumazasa" has been used for the preservation of food, or preventing bacterial activity. However, the antiviral activity of kumazasa is poorly understood. In the present study, the antiviral activity of kumazasa extract (KE) was assessed by the plaque reduction assay for the pseudorabies virus (PRV). KE reduced 99% of the plaque formation of PRV at concentrations of 1.2%, showing that KE inhibited PRV adsorption to cells and IE180 expression. The polysaccharide fraction of KE showed a concentration dependent inhibition of PRV plaque formation. We conclude that KE possesses potent anti PRV activity, and the candidate responsible for the antiviral property was the polysaccharide fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Iwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, University, Japan
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Hayashi K, Narutaki K, Nagaoka Y, Hayashi T, Uesato S. Therapeutic effect of arctiin and arctigenin in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice infected with influenza A virus. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1199-205. [PMID: 20606313 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arctiin and its aglucone, arctigenin from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. showed potent in vitro antiviral activities against influenza A virus (A/NWS/33, H1N1) (IFV). Based on the data from time-of-addition experiments and on release tests of progeny viruses, arctigenin was assumed to interfere with early event(s) of viral replication after viral penetration into cells, and to suppress the release of progeny viruses from the host cells. Arctiin was orally effective against either IFV-inoculated normal or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice, being less effective as compared with oseltamivir. Noticeably, arctiin produced a larger amount of virus-specific antibody than those of control and oseltamivir in sera collected from 5-FU-treated mice. Furthermore, oral treatment of 5-FU-treated mice with arctiin did not induce any resistant viruses, although the same treatment with oseltamivir induced resistant viruses at a 50% frequency. When the combination of arctiin and oseltamivir was administered to normal mice infected with IFV, the virus yields in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lungs were significantly reduced relative to those in the mice treated with arctiin or oseltamivir alone. Thus, monotherapy of arctiin or combined therapy of arctiin with oseltamivir would be another treatment option for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Evaluation of an edible blue-green alga, Aphanothece sacrum, for its inhibitory effect on replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 and influenza virus type A. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:1687-90. [PMID: 20699552 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A hot-water extract of Aphanothece sacrum, an edible aquacultured blue-green alga, was found to show a remarkable inhibitory effect on the replication of enveloped viruses including herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and influenza virus type A (IFV-A, H1N1) in vitro. The main active components were suggested to be sulfated polysaccharides in non-dialyzable portion (ASWPH). ASWPH was found to inhibit the viral adsorption to the receptor of the host cells involved in the replication process of HSV-2 and IFV-A. In addition, while the penetration stage of HSV-2 was also significantly suppressed with ASWPH, no such effect was observed in the replication of IFV-A. These results suggest that ASWPH might be useful in the prevention of infectious diseases caused by HSV-2 as well as IFV-A.
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46
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Lee JB, Koizumi S, Hayashi K, Hayashi T. Structure of rhamnan sulfate from the green alga Monostroma nitidum and its anti-herpetic effect. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Lee JB, Ohta Y, Hayashi K, Hayashi T. Immunostimulating effects of a sulfated galactan from Codium fragile. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1452-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Synytsya A, Kim WJ, Kim SM, Pohl R, Synytsya A, Kvasnička F, Čopíková J, Il Park Y. Structure and antitumour activity of fucoidan isolated from sporophyll of Korean brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Hayashi K, Hayashi T, Lee JB. [Evaluation and application of natural products for viral infections]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:171-6. [PMID: 20118639 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The limited efficacy and significant clinical toxicity of combination interferone and ribavirin therapy have generated strong interest in developing novel inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Recently, a growing understanding of the structure and function of critical viral enzymes and the development of HCV replicons have accelerated the development of highly specific candidate antiviral agents. In the life cycle of HCV, enveloped virions bind and penetrate into host cell using viral envelope glycoproteins. In the cytoplasm, the viral RNA genome serves as mRNA, and produces viral protein as a long polyprotein that is cleaved by both host and viral proteases. Progeny virions assemble by budding into ER/Golgi apparatus, where the glycoproteins maturate, and are released at the cell surface. All stages of replication cycle from the attachment of virus to the release of progeny should be antiviral targets. We have searched for antiviral candidates from natural resources for about 20 years. So far, we have found several classes of compounds with unique antiviral action. Among them, anionic substances interfere with virus attachment and/or entry, several substances inhibit the maturation of virus-specific glycoproteins, low molecules can inhibit the virus release from infected cells, glycerol derivatives reduce the pathogenicity of virus, and some compounds exert virucidal action that impairs the ability of virus to infect host cells. These substances might be worthy to be evaluated as novel anti-HCV agents by using HCV replication systems in cultured cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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50
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Miyashita M, Fujimura S, Nakagawa Y, Nishizawa M, Tomizuka N, Nakagawa T, Nakagawa J. Flavobacterium algicola sp. nov., isolated from marine algae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:344-348. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.009365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rod-shaped Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, aerobic and fucoidan-digesting strain, designated TC2T, was isolated from marine algae collected from the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk at Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan. The bacterium formed yellow, translucent, circular and convex colonies. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Flavobacterium, with the highest sequence similarities of 97.1 to 97.3 % to the type strains of Flavobacterium frigidarium, Flavobacterium frigoris, Flavobacterium limicola and Flavobacterium psychrolimnae. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain TC2T and the above-mentioned species were lower than 28 %. The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.9 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (which comprises iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1
ω7c). Strain TC2T could be differentiated from related species by several phenotypic characteristics. Thus, on the basis of these results, strain TC2T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TC2T (=NBRC 102673T =CIP 109574T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Miyashita
- Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shuki Fujimura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Nakagawa
- Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishizawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Noboru Tomizuka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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