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Lee HG, Kwon S, Cho SY, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM, Ko CN, Jang HJ, Cho KH. Effect of an herbal medicine, Chunghyul-dan, on prevention of recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35840. [PMID: 37960767 PMCID: PMC10637502 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that Chunghyul-dan (CHD), a herbal medicine, has an inhibitory effect on stroke recurrence in small vessel disease. Recent studies have suggested that CHD might also act on large arteries. This study aimed to verify the preventive effect of CHD on strokes of all the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) causative classifications. We retrospectively analyzed 2 years of medical records of patients with ischemic stroke treated with CHD, 600 mg once daily, in combination with antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents. The prevalence of stroke recurrence in 2 years was analyzed. Stroke recurrence was defined as new neurological symptoms with corresponding brain imaging results. Nine of the 202 patients (4.46%) had recurrent ischemic stroke. Four occurred within 180 days, 3 between 180 and 365 days, and 2 between 365 and 730 days. All had only 1 recurrence. The recurrence rates were 1.12%, 5%, and 5.48% for small vessel occlusion, cardioembolism, and large vessel atherosclerosis, respectively. There were no adverse effects. These results suggest that CHD could inhibit ischemic stroke recurrence of all TOAST causative categories. A randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gyul Lee
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Panacura Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim KJ, Kang NE, Oh YS, Jang SE. Eupatilin Alleviates Hyperlipidemia in Mice by Inhibiting HMG-CoA Reductase. Biochem Res Int 2023; 2023:8488648. [PMID: 37389221 PMCID: PMC10307065 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8488648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia princeps (family Asteraceae) is a natural product broadly used as an antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agent in East Asia. In the present study, eupatilin, the main constituent of Artemisia princeps, was investigated as an antihyperlipidemic agent. Eupatilin inhibited 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase (HCR), an enzyme that is a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia, in an ex vivo assay using rat liver. In addition, oral administration of eupatilin significantly lowered the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in corn oil-induced and Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. These results suggest that eupatilin can alleviate hyperlipidemia by inhibiting HCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Joo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam E. Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13135, Republic of Korea
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Park TH, Lee HG, Cho SY, Park SU, Jung WS, Park JM, Ko CN, Cho KH, Kwon S, Moon SK. A Comparative Study on the Neuroprotective Effect of Geopung-Chunghyuldan on In Vitro Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and In Vivo Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040596. [PMID: 37111353 PMCID: PMC10143156 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geopung-Chunghyuldan (GCD), which is a mixture of Chunghyuldan (CD), Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Notoginseng, and Borneolum Syntheticum, is used to treat ischemic stroke in traditional Korean medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GCD and CD on ischemic brain damage using in vitro and in vivo stroke models, as well as to elucidate the synergistic effects of GCD against ischemic insult. To study the effect of GCD in an in vitro ischemia model, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell death after 16 h of OGD exposure was measured using the MTT assay and live/dead cell counting methods. An in vivo ischemia mice model was established through permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). To determine the neuroprotective effect of GCD, it was orally administered immediately and 2 h after pMCAO. The infarct volume was measured through 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at 24 h after pMCAO. Compared with the control group, GCD treatment significantly reduced OGD-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells; however, CD treatment did not show a significant protective effect. In the pMCAO model, compared with the control group, treatment with GCD and CD significantly and mildly reduced the infarct volume, respectively. Our findings indicate that compared with CD, GCD may allow a more enhanced neuroprotective effect in acute ischemic stroke, indicating a potential synergistic neuroprotective effect. The possibility of GCD as a novel alternative choice for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyul Lee
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Neuroprotective Effects of Geopung-Chunghyuldan Based on Its Salvianolic Acid B Content Using an In Vivo Stroke Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1613-1626. [PMID: 36826049 PMCID: PMC9955915 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geopung-Chunghyuldan (GCD) has neuroprotective properties. Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix plays an essential role in GCD's effect. The Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix marker compound is salvianolic acid B; however, its content is not uniform among samples. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of GCD based on salvianolic acid B content. METHODS The neuroprotective effects of GCD based on the salvianolic acid B content were evaluated by measuring infarct volume 24 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in an in vivo stroke model. For the experimental group, each GCD was administered immediately before surgery. The control groups were administered distilled water and aspirin (30 mg/kg) in the same way. The salvianolic acid B content in five types of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (two Chinese and three Korean regions) based on different cultivation regions was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Three samples met the Korean and Chinese Pharmacopeia standards for salvianolic acid B. However, two samples did not. GCDs with high salvianolic acid B showed marked neuroprotective effects compared to the control groups, whereas GCDs with low salvianolic acid B did not. CONCLUSIONS The salvianolic acid B content of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix affects the neuroprotection effect of GCD. Stable, raw Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix is essential for GCD homogenization.
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Lee B, Kwon CY. Effectiveness and safety of Hwangryunhaedok-Tang (Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang, Oren-Gedoku-to) for dyslipidemia: A protocol for a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23367. [PMID: 33371067 PMCID: PMC7748370 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT), an herbal formula, could improve the lipid profiles in patients with dyslipidemia. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HHT monotherapy or adjunctive HHT therapy with conventional lipid-lowering drugs in managing dyslipidemia. METHODS Twelve English, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to January 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using HHT monotherapy or adjunctive HHT therapy for dyslipidemic patients were included. The primary outcome was the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. Descriptive analyses of participant details, interventions, and outcomes were conducted and where appropriate data were available, a meta-analysis was performed and presented as a risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Nine RCTs with 536 participants were included. In comparison with lipid-lowering drugs alone, HHT as an adjunctive therapy to lipid-lowering drugs or as a monotherapy showed significantly superior (MD -1.15 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.25 to -1.05) or inferior results (MD 0.23 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.38), respectively, for LDL-C levels. The incidence of adverse events was significantly lower when HHT was used in addition to lipid-lowering drugs, in comparison to that with lipid-lowering drugs alone. No serious adverse events were reported in the HHT group. Most included studies showed a high risk of performance bias and the quality of evidence was rated generally "low" because of the high risk of bias and inconsistency or imprecision of the meta-analysis results. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that HHT may be beneficial for patients with dyslipidemia and may reduce the adverse events associated with lipid-lowering drugs. However, due to the high risk of bias of the included studies and low quality of evidence for the main findings, no definitive conclusion could be reached. Further rigorous, high-quality, and placebo-controlled RCTs should be conducted to assess the efficacy of HHT. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020164563.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
| | - Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lee B, Han K, Park HJ, Kim AR, Kwon OJ, Yang C, Cho CS. Efficacy of Hwangryunhaedok-tang (Huang-lian-jie-du-tang, Oren-gedoku-to) for patients with hyperlipidemia: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, investigator-initiated clinical trial. Trials 2020; 21:750. [PMID: 32854756 PMCID: PMC7450942 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hyperlipidemia continues to increase due to aging and lifestyle changes. Statins are currently used as the first choice for treating hyperlipidemia, but are limited by adverse reactions. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT) has received attention as a promising intervention for hyperlipidemia through a few experimental and clinical trials. This study aims to explore the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of HHT for hyperlipidemia treatment. METHODS This is a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, investigator-initiated, pilot clinical trial held in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Thirty patients with hyperlipidemia will be randomly allocated to HHT or placebo granule groups in equal proportions. Participants will be administered HHT or placebo granules three times per day for 8 weeks and followed up for another 4 weeks. The primary outcome is low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 8 weeks from the commencement of treatment. Other blood lipid parameters, biomarkers of atherosclerosis, the degree of arteriosclerosis, blood glucose parameters, blood pressure, anthropometric parameters, health-related quality of life, and the changes in the general symptoms of cold and hot patterns will be measured as secondary outcomes. Adverse events and laboratory test results will be investigated to assess the safety. Changes in the gut microbiome before and after intervention will also be assessed as an exploratory outcome through next-generation sequencing. Data will be recorded in electronic case report forms and analyzed using SAS® Version 9.4. DISCUSSION This is a rigorously designed pilot clinical trial to explore the effect and safety of Hwangryunhaedok-tang compared to placebo control for patients with hyperlipidemia, thereby potentially facilitating better management of hyperlipidemia. The results of this pilot study could form the foundation for a future large-scale, confirmatory clinical trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service KCT0004564 . Registered on December 18, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsun Han
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
| | - O-Jin Kwon
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Sik Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedeok-daero 176 beon-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35235 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
It has been reported that Sanoshashinto (SanHuangXieXinTang, 三黃瀉心湯), which is composed of Rhei Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, and Coptidis Rhizoma, exhibits vasorelaxant effects in vitro and lowers blood pressure of patients. Based on this discovery, in this study, a mixture containing those three materials and combinations of them were extracted with methanol, and the extracts were fractionated into different parts. Effects of all extracts and fractions on high concentration of potassium chloride (High K+)- or noradrenaline (NA)-induced contractions of isolated rat aortic rings or helical strips were examined. Qualitative and quantitative HPLC analyses of the extracts and the fractions revealed that the contents of baicalin and berberine in Sanoshashinto methanol extract (SHXXTM) were higher than those of the other constituents. All pharmacological and HPLC data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) software and the results indicated that baicalin, berberine, palmatine, baicalein, and wogonoside contributed significantly to the pharmacological activity. Furthermore, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) that were orally given SHXXTM or a baicalin–berberine combination showed significantly reduced increase in the rate of systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the control group. These findings suggested that Sanoshashinto has significant vasorelaxant effects in vitro and antihypertensive effects in vivo, and baicalin and berberine, which were the principal constituents of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma, were the main antihypertensive constituents in Sanoshashinto. It was speculated that baicalin and berberine produced vasorelaxant effects by activating the NO/cGMP pathway and that the BKCa channel and the DAG/PKC/CPI-17 pathway were also involved.
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Heck SO, Zborowski VA, Chagas PM, da Luz SCA, Bortolatto CF. p-Chloro-diphenyl diselenide attenuates plasma lipid profile changes and hepatotoxicity induced by nonionic surfactant tyloxapol in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:73-80. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1669240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Osório Heck
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Angonesi Zborowski
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil
| | - Pietro Maria Chagas
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas – RS, Brazil
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Zhai Q, Li J. Effectiveness of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, San-Huang-San, in combination with enrofloxacin to treat AHPND-causing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:360-370. [PMID: 30630050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oral administration of enrofloxacin (ENR) and San-Huang-San (SHS), singly or in combination, on the survival performance, disease resistance, and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. After challenge with an AHPND-causing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND), shrimp were immediately fed a drug-free diet, diets containing only ENR (20 mg·kg-1) or SHS (500 mg·kg-1) or diets containing low-dose (10 mg·kg-1 ENR + 250 mg ·kg-1 SHS), medium-dose (20 mg·kg-1 ENR + 500 mg ·kg-1 SHS), and high-dose (40 mg·kg-1 ENR + 1000 mg ·kg-1 SHS) drug combinations for 5 days. The cumulative shrimp mortality over 5 days after injection of VPAHPND in the ENR + SHS combination groups was significantly lower than that in the ENR or SHS alone groups (p < 0.05). Immune parameters, including the vibrio density, total hemocyte counts (THCs), hemocyanin (HEM) concentration, antibacterial activity, activity levels of lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and phenoloxidase (PO) in cell-free hemolymph, and the expression levels of the immune-related genes anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), cathepsin B (catB), crustin, lectin (Lec), lysozyme (LZM), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) in hemocytes were determined in the shrimp. The results showed that the shrimp in drug combination groups cleared more VPAHPND than that in the ENR or SHS group in the same time. The values for other immune parameters in the drug combination groups were higher than those in the ENR or SHS group (p < 0.05). Finally, in the histological examinations, the histological structural alignment and integrity of the hepatopancreatic tubules in the drug combination groups were better than that in the ENR and SHS groups. Under the experimental conditions, compared with ENR or SHS used alone, the combination use of ENR and SHS could improve immunity and disease resistance in shrimp after VPAHPND infection, and could reduce the use of ENR when the better therapeutic effect was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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Bhutani KK, Birari R, Kapat K. Potential Anti-obesity and Lipid Lowering Natural Products: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults overweight - at least 300 million of them clinically obese. In Ayurveda, obesity is called ‘medoroga’. The detailed features and treatments of the disease have been described in an old Ayurvedic text, Charak and Sushrut Samhita. There are some native plants that are commonly used for the treatment of obesity in Ayurveda. Unfortunately, only few medications are available in the market, with side effects and unacceptable efficacy. With the current view that botanical drugs can be developed faster and more cheaply than conventional single entity pharmaceuticals, the review mainly focuses on the rationality of their use with appropriate literature data support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Birari
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160 062, India
| | - Kausik Kapat
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160 062, India
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Jung WS, Min IK, Jin C, Park JY, Kim HG, Kwak Y, Kim KW, Cho SY, Park SU, Moon SK, Park JM, Ko CN, Cho KH, Kwon S. Inhibitory Effect of Chunghyul-dan on Stroke Recurrence in Small Vessel Disease Patients: A 5-Year Observational Study. J Evid Based Integr Med 2018; 23:2515690X18789374. [PMID: 30045628 PMCID: PMC6073819 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x18789374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the stroke recurrence rate and the rate of adverse effects induced by an herbal medicine, Chunghyul-dan, administered to patients over a 5-year period. We prescribed 600 mg Chunghyul-dan a day to patients with small vessel diseases and investigated stroke recurrence, adverse effects, and drug compliance for 5 years. The primary outcome was the prevalence of stroke recurrence (in 3, 4, and 5 years). The secondary outcome was the frequency of adverse effects induced by Chunghyul-dan. We recruited 400 patients. Among them, 270, 233, and 195 patients completed 3, 4, and 5 years of follow-up, respectively. Among patients who completed 3, 4, and 5 years of follow-up, cumulative recurrent stroke occurred in 7 (2.6%), 11 (4.7%), and 12 (6.2%) patients. There were no adverse effects. We suggest that Chunghyul-dan might be useful for the inhibition of stroke recurrence by reducing microangiography progression. Further study is needed to confirm our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Both authors contributed equally to this work as co-first authors
| | - In Kyu Min
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Both authors contributed equally to this work as co-first authors
| | - Chul Jin
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyu Kim
- Se-Bong Korean Medical Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwak
- In-Soo Korean Medical Clinic, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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The Effects of Chunghyul-Dan, an Agent of Korean Medicine, on a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7326107. [PMID: 28684970 PMCID: PMC5480248 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7326107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chunghyul-Dan (CHD) is the first choice agent for the prevention and treatment of stroke at the Kyung Hee Medical Hospital. To date, CHD has been reported to have beneficial effects on brain disease in animals and humans, along with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of CHD on a traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse model to explore the possibility of CHD use in patients with TBI. The TBI mouse model was induced using the controlled cortical impact method. CHD was orally administered twice a day for 5 d after TBI induction; mice were assessed for brain damage, brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, motor deficits, and cognitive impairment. Treatment with CHD reduced brain damage seen on histological examination and improved motor and cognitive functions. However, CHD did not reduce brain edema and BBB damage. In conclusion, CHD could be a candidate agent in the treatment of patients with TBI. Further studies are needed to assess the exact mechanisms of the effects during the acute-subacute phase and pharmacological activity during the chronic-convalescent phase of TBI.
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Cheon SY, Chung KS, Lee KJ, Choi HY, Ham IH, Jung DH, Cha YY, An HJ. HVC1 ameliorates hyperlipidemia and inflammation in LDLR -/- mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:222. [PMID: 28427397 PMCID: PMC5397752 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background HVC1 consists of Coptidis Rhizoma (dried rhizome of Coptischinensis), Scutellariae Radix (root of Scutellariabaicalensis), Rhei Rhizoma (rhizome of Rheum officinale), and Pruni Cortex (cortex of Prunusyedoensis Matsum). Although the components are known to be effective in various conditions such as inflammation, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, there are no reports of the molecular mechanism of its hypolipidemic effects. Methods We investigated the hypolipidemic effect of HVC1 in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR−/−) mice fed a high-cholesterol diet for 13 weeks. Mice were randomized in to 6 groups: ND (normal diet) group, HCD (high-cholesterol diet) group, and treatment groups fed HCD and treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or HVC1 (10, 50, or 250 mg/kg, p.o.). Results HVC1 regulated the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in mouse serum. In addition, it regulated the transcription level of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apolipoprotein B (apo B), liver X receptor (LXR), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Furthermore, HVC1 activated 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Conclusion Our results suggest that HVC1 might be effective in preventing high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia by regulating the genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses.
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Appiah S, Revitt M, Jones H, Vu M, Simmonds M, Bell C. Antiinflammatory and Hepatoprotective Medicinal Herbs as Potential Substitutes for Bear Bile. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:149-180. [PMID: 28807157 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly prescribe medicinal formulations relying on the purported synergism of a combination of plant species, sometimes incorporating animal parts and minerals. Bear bile, obtained from either wild or farmed bears, is a commonly used constituent of traditional medicine formulations. With several bear species now listed under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora as threatened with extinction and with bear farming being actively campaigned against on ethical grounds, it is important to seek and promote alternatives to the use of bear bile as medicine. This chapter describes and evaluates the scientific data relating to the efficacy of bear bile and potential alternatives to its use, including the use of bile from other animal species, the use of synthetic chemical alternatives, and the use of herbal substitutes. Scientific studies have confirmed the efficacy of bear bile as an antiinflammatory and a hepatoprotective agent. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the active component of bear bile is used in a synthetic form in Western medicine and can serve as an alternative to bear bile in the treatment and management of certain cholestatic liver conditions. In TCM practice, bile from domesticated animal species (such as cattle, chicken, and pig) has been used as a substitute for bear bile. Following evaluation of TCM literature and pharmacological/clinical data, the authors propose six plant species, either as single herbs or in combination, Gardenia jasminoides (zhī zi; ), Scutellaria baicalensis (huáng qín; ), Coptis chinensis (huáng lián, ), Phellodendron amurense (huáng băi; ), Andrographis paniculata (chuan xin lian; ), and Rheum palmatum (dà huang; ), two medicinal Kampo formulations, Orengedokuto, Dia-Orengedokuto (which originated from traditional Chinese herbal formula Huanglian Jiedu Tang, ), and two individual phytochemicals (berberine and andrographolide) as alternatives to bear bile. The proposed herbal alternatives are frequently found listed in traditional formulations also containing bear bile, usually with different therapeutic roles ascribed to them. The existing evidence base for the effectiveness of herbal alternatives is sufficiently strong for TCM practitioners and consumers to consider using these without the addition of bear bile. This consideration is driven by the imperative to protect populations of bears from overexploitation in the wild and when farmed. However, for the identified alternatives to be accepted by users, it is essential that researchers and TCM practitioners collaborate effectively to initiate consumer behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Appiah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mike Revitt
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Jones
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milan Vu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Celia Bell
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
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The Effect of Chunghyul-Dan on Hyperventilation-Induced Carbon Dioxide Reactivity of the Middle Cerebral Artery in Normal Subjects: A Dose-Dependent Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4567217. [PMID: 28512500 PMCID: PMC5415863 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4567217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background. This study was conducted to show the prompt effect of chunghyul-dan (CHD) on cerebral hemodynamics in order to provide evidence for its use in stroke prevention. Methods. Hyperventilation-induced CO2 reactivity of the middle cerebral artery was measured in 12 healthy male volunteers (mean age: 26.3 ± 1.1 years) using transcranial Doppler sonography. All subjects were examined before and for 3 hours after administration, with an interval of 1 week between measurements. Results. Compared to baseline, the CO2 reactivity of the middle cerebral artery increased significantly at 2 and 3 hours after the administration of CHD (600 mg and 1200 mg). The mean blood pressure and heart rate did not vary from the baseline values in all groups. Conclusion. These data suggest that CHD administration (especially 600 mg) immediately improves cerebral blood flow.
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The Effects of Chunghyul-Dan (A Korean Medicine Herbal Complex) on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2601740. [PMID: 27340412 PMCID: PMC4909900 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2601740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chunghyul-dan (CHD) is a herbal complex containing 80% ethanol extract and is composed of Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus, and Rhei Rhizoma. We have published several experimental and clinical research articles on CHD. It has shown antilipidemic, antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic, and inhibitory effects on ischemic stroke recurrence with clinical safety in the previous studies. The antilipidemic effect of CHD results from 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and pancreatic lipase-inhibitory activity. The antihypertensive effect likely results from the inhibitory effect on endogenous catecholamine(s) release and harmonization of all components showing the antihypertensive effects. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on endothelial cells are implicated to dictate the antiatherosclerotic effects of CHD. It also showed neuroprotective effects on cerebrovascular and parkinsonian models. These effects of CHD could be helpful for the prevention of the recurrence of ischemic stroke. Therefore, we suggest that CHD could be a promising medication for treating and preventing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, to validate and better understand these findings, well-designed clinical studies are required.
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Effect of Qingxue Dan on obesity and metabolic biomarker: a double-blind randomized-controlled pilot study. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:291-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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He MY, Deng YX, Shi QZ, Zhang XJ, Lv Y. Comparative pharmacokinetic investigation on baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic and normal rats after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine Huanglian Jiedu decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:334-342. [PMID: 24910405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) is used traditionally in China for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in clinical practice, which has been proved to be effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics (especially the area under the curve, AUC) of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract and to explore its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS HLJDD extract and Radix scutellariae extract were prepared and the contents of baicalin and wogonoside contained in two extracts were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Pharmacokinetics of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic and normal control rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract or Radix scutellariae extract were investigated. Pharmacokinetics of baicalin in type 2 diabetic and normal rats after oral administration of pure baicalin was also investigated. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters (especially AUCs) of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract were remarkably different from those in normal rats. And the alterations of the AUCs of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Radix scutellariae extract were similar to those after oral administration of HLJDD extract. Moreover, the increase of the AUC of baicalin in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of pure baicalin was similar to that after oral administration of HLJDD extract or Radix scutellariae extract. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic behaviors of baicalin and wogonoside (especially the systemic exposure [AUCs] of baicalin and wogonoside) were significantly altered in type 2 diabetic rats after orally administrated HLJDD extract. And the increased AUCs of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract resulted from neither the effects of other herbs contained in HLJDD nor the effects of other components contained in Radix scutellariae. It might result from the effects of the pathological status of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yuan-Xiong Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
| | - Qun-Zhi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
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Zhang XJ, Deng YX, Shi QZ, He MY, Chen B, Qiu XM. Hypolipidemic effect of the Chinese polyherbal Huanglian Jiedu decoction in type 2 diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:615-623. [PMID: 24368167 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) is used traditionally in China for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in clinical practice, which has been proved to be effective. In present investigation, the 3D-HPLC fingerprint of HLJDD and the contents of main components (namely berberine, baicalin and geniposide) contained in the extract of HLJDD were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin. Type 2 diabetic rats were treated with HLJDD extract for 30d, while blood glucose and body weight were monitored during the experiment. At the end of experiment, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assayed. Intestinal mucosa homogenate was prepared and the activity of pancreatic lipase was analyzed. Moreover, the olive oil loading test (OOLT) was performed and the inhibitory effect of HLJDD extract on the pancreatic lipase in vitro was evaluated. The results showed that, after the treatment of HLJDD extract, the final body weight and the levels of fasting plasma glucose, TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly reduced while the HDL-C level was increased in type 2 diabetic rats. The OOLT showed that HLJDD extract could lower the postprandial plasma TG level of type 2 diabetic rats. The activity of pancreatic lipase in type 2 diabetic rats was decreased after the treatment of HLJDD extract. Moreover, HLJDD extract could inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. In conclusion, the TCM prescription HLJDD possessed potent lipid-modulating effect on type 2 diabetic rats. And HLJDD extract exerted hypolipidemic effects partly via inhibiting the increased activity of intestinal pancreatic lipase in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yuan-Xiong Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
| | - Qun-Zhi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Meng-Yun He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China
| | - Xi-Min Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
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Ko CN, Park IS, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM, Kang C, Cho KH. Neuroprotective effect of Chunghyuldan (Qing Xue Dan) on hypoxia-reoxygenation induced damage of neuroblastoma 2a cell lines. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:940-4. [PMID: 24307315 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Chemical profiling and quantification of Chinese medicinal formula Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction, a systematic quality control strategy using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1321:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Park SU, Cho SY, Park JM, Ko CN, Park HJ, Lauren Walls B, Cotter AC, Park JJ. Integrative treatment modalities for stoke victims in Korea. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2013; 20:37-41. [PMID: 24439643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To suggest and discuss an integrative medicine model for stroke patients, we introduce our experience in Korea, describe treatment modalities used for stroke in Korean medicine, and present safety data on integrative care. SUMMARY For inpatients, integrative management is applied at the request of the primary physician with the consent of patients or their families. In the acute stage, neurologists or neurosurgeons take charge as the primary physicians. Korean medicine doctors cooperate as secondary physicians to the neurologists and neurosurgeons. After the acute stage, responsibilities are exchanged. The rehabilitation program is conducted under the supervision of rehabilitation medicine doctors. The most frequently used complementary and alternative medicine modalities are acupuncture (including manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture and intradermal acupuncture), moxibustion, herbal prescriptions, and acupuncture point injection. CONCLUSION Based on our field experiences, we believe it is worthwhile to continue efforts to integrate complementary and alternative medicine and Western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Park
- Stroke & Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea; Asian Medicine & Acupuncture Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Stroke & Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Stroke & Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Stroke & Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Lauren Walls
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ann C Cotter
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jongbae J Park
- Asian Medicine & Acupuncture Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Inhibitory activities of extracts from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds on pancreatic lipase and α-amylase. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Yun SP, Jung WS, Park SU, Moon SK, Ko CN, Cho KH, Kim YS, Bae HS. Anti-hypertensive Effect of Chunghyul-dan (Qingxue-dan) on Stroke Patients with Essential Hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 33:357-64. [PMID: 16047554 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x05002977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the modifiable risk factors for stroke. Lowering blood pressure is helpful for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. This study is aimed to assess the efficacy of Chunghyul-dan on stroke patients with stage 1 hypertension using 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24ABPM). Forty hospitalized stroke patients with stage 1 hypertension were included in the study and they were randomly assigned into two groups: group A was treated with Chunghyul-dan 1200 mg once a day for 2 weeks, while group B was not. Twelve subjects were dropped out because of unexpected early discharge or data errors, thus the remaining 28 subjects were included in the final analysis (15 in group A and 13 in group B). Blood pressure was monitored every 30 minutes for 24 hours at baseline and 2 weeks after medication. Blood pressure, pulse rate, trough/peak ratio (TPR) [the value calculated by dividing the blood pressure change at trough (22 to 24 hours after drug intake) by the change at peak (2 adjacent hours with a maximal blood pressure reduction between the second and eighth hour after drug intake)] and smoothness index (SI) (the value calculated as the ratio between the average of the 24 hours, treatment-induced blood pressure changes and its standard deviation) were compared to assess the efficacy of Chunghyul-dan. To assess the safety of Chunghyul-dan, any adverse effects during medication period were monitored. There was no significant difference in the baseline assessment between the two groups. Systolic blood pressure was lower in group A than in group B (141.37 ± 8.96 mmHg versus 132.28 ± 9.46 mmHg , P = 0.03), while diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate had no significant difference between the two groups. Systolic TPR and SI was 0.87 and 1.04 in group A, respectively. This suggests that Chunghyul-dan have anti-hypertensive effect on stroke patients with stage 1 hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Pil Yun
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center) College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Seoul, Korea.
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Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Ko CN, Cho KH, Kim YS, Bae HS. Chunghyul-Dan (Qingxie-Dan) Improves Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Increased baPWV. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 34:553-63. [PMID: 16883627 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x06004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is an important, independent determinant of cardiovascular risk. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been used as a valuable index of arterial stiffness and as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Chunghyul-dan (CHD) has anti-hyperlipidemic activity, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-atherogenic effects. To determine its clinical effect on increased arterial stiffness, we examined whether CHD improves arterial stiffness in patients with increased brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV). Thirty-five subjects with increased baPWV (> 1400 cm/sec) were recruited and randomized to a treatment group (20 subjects) or a control group (15 subjects). The treatment group was administered CHD at a dose of 600 mg three times a day for 8 weeks, and the control group received no medication (observation only). baPWV was assessed using a pulse pressure analyzer at baseline and after 8 weeks. Blood pressure and serum lipid profile were monitored in the treatment group. Our results indicate that baPWV was lowered significantly in the treatment group after 8 weeks of medication ( p < 0.05), but not in the control group. Moreover, there were no significant changes in blood pressure and serum lipids profile except triglyceride level suggesting that the effect is largely independent of CHD's lipid-lowering effect or a blood pressure change. In conclusion, CHD appears to improve arterial stiffness in patients with increased PWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Uk Park
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HG, Ju MS, Kim DH, Hong J, Cho SH, Cho KH, Park W, Lee EH, Kim SY, Oh MS. Protective effects of Chunghyuldan against ROS-mediated neuronal cell death in models of Parkinson's disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 107:958-64. [PMID: 20629656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that the herbal medicine Chunghyuldan (CHD, Qingxue-dan in Chinese and Daio-Orengedokuto in Japanese) has wide-ranging biological effects, including anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-ischaemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be one of the major pathological mechanisms responsible for Parkinson's disease (PD) and may underlie the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) that is a hallmark of this disease. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of CHD in PD models produced by treatment with neurotoxins that act via ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. In an in vitro PD model using 6-hydroxydopamine, CHD applied at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/ml exhibited significant protective effects in PC12 cells by inhibiting intracellular ROS generation. CHD applied at 10 and 100 μg/ml also prevented 6-hydroxydopamine-induced mitochondrial depolarization and elevation of caspase-3 activity. At the same doses, CHD showed regulatory effects on the haem oxygenase-1 and gp91 phagocytic oxidase which have critical roles in generating ROS. In addition, CHD protected dopaminergic neurons in a primary mesencephalic culture against MPP+ neurotoxicity. In an in vivo PD model produced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment (20 mg/kg, 4 times, i.p.), co-administration of CHD (50 mg/kg, 5 days, p.o.) ameliorated PD-like behavioural symptoms (bradykinesia) and reduced dopaminergic neuronal damage in the SNpc and striatum as measured by immunocytochemistry. These results demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of CHD in PD models that are mediated through inhibition of ROS generation and associated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Geun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Tseng SH, Chien TY, Chen JR, Lin IH, Wang CC. Hypolipidemic effects of three purgative decoctions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:249254. [PMID: 19880442 PMCID: PMC3095524 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), purgation is indicated when a person suffers an illness due to the accumulation of evil internal heat. Obese individuals with a large belly, red face, thick and yellow tongue fur, constipation, and avoidance of heat are thought accumulates of evil internal heat, and they are also treated with purgatives such as Ta-Cheng-Chi-Tang (TCCT), Xiao-Chen-Chi-Tang (XCCT), and Tiao-Wei-Chen-Chi-Tang (TWCCT) by TCM doctors. In previous studies, our group found that TCCT has potent anti-inflammatory activity, and that XCCT is an effective antioxidant. Since rhubarb is the principle herb in these three prescriptions, we will first present a thorough review of the literature on the demonstrated effect (or lack of effect) of rhubarb and rhubarb-containing polyherbal preparations on lipid and weight control. We will then continue our research with an investigation of the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effect of TCCT, XCCT, TWCCT, and rhubarb extracts using two animal models. TWCCT lowered the serum triglyceride concentration as much as fenofibrate in Triton WR-1339-treated mice. Daily supplementation with XCCT and TWCCT significantly attenuated the high-fat-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. In addition, TWCCT also significantly lowered the high-fat-diet-induced hypertriglycemia. Although feeding high-fat diet rats with these extracts did not cause loose stools or diarrhea or other deleterious effects on renal or hepatic function. None of these extracts lowered the body weight of rats fed on high-fat diet. In conclusion, the results suggest that XCCT and TWCCT might exert beneficial effects in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hui Tseng
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu- Xing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Jung WS, Cho J, In K, Kim J, Cho KH, Park JM, Moon SK, Kim KW, Park SU, Pyee J, Park SG, Jeong Y, Park H, Ko CN. Chunghyul-dan acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in endothelial cells by regulating gene expression. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2010.525824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Li CY, Hou YC, Lee Chao PD, Shia CS, Hsu IC, Fang SH. Potential ex vivo immunomodulatory effects of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang and its component herbs on mice and humans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:292-8. [PMID: 19903515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), an important Chinese medicine formula, contains Rhei Rhizoma (RR), Scutellariae Radix (SR) and Coptidis Rhizoma (CR). RR and SR are abundant in anthraquinone and flavonoid polyphenols. Pharmacokinetic study of SHXXT indicated that glucuronides were the predominant forms of polyphenols in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS As an extension of pharmacokinetic study, the serum metabolites of SHXXT, RR, SR and CR were prepared from rats and quantitated, then the immunomodulation effects were examined by culturing these serum metabolites with murine and human immune cells. RESULTS The results indicated that the inhibitions on nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production from mitogen-activated peritoneal macrophages by the serum metabolites of SHXXT, RR, SR and CR were through reducing the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and the IC(50) were 0.8%, 1.5%, 3.0% and 0.8% of their blood concentrations, respectively. In addition, the serum metabolites of SHXXT, RR, SR and CR significantly decreased the ratios of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to interleukin (IL)-4 in mitogen-stimulated mice spleen cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, the serum metabolites of SHXXT and SR significantly arrested the mitogen-stimulated mice spleen cells at G2/M stage. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the serum metabolites of SHXXT and the component herbs exerted promising modulation activities on the immune functions and the cell cycle distribution of mice and human immune cells. We suggest that SHXXT is a promising remedy for immunomodulation through Th1/Th2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Nam K, Jung HJ, Kim MH, Kang C, Jung WS, Cho KH, Lee EH. Chunghyuldan attenuates brain microglial inflammatory response. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:448-54. [PMID: 19526039 DOI: 10.1139/y09-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are the prime effectors in immune and inflammatory responses of the central nervous system (CNS). During pathological conditions, the activation of these cells helps restore CNS homeostasis. However, chronic microglial activation endangers neuronal survival through the release of various proinflammatory molecules and neurotoxins. Thus, negative regulators of microglial activation have been considered as potential therapeutic candidates to target stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Chunghyuldan, a combinatorial drug consisting of Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus, and Rhei Rhizoma, has an inhibitory effect on stroke recurrence in patients with small-vessel disease. It has also been reported to confer antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether Chunghyuldan suppresses microglial activation. Chunghyuldan was effective at inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release from rat brain microglia. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that pretreatment of rat brain microglia with Chunghyuldan attenuated the LPS-induced expression of mRNAs encoding inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2. In rat brain microglia, Chunghyuldan reduced the LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α and prostaglandin E2. In addition, Chunghyuldan significantly decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling proteins. These results suggest that Chunghyuldan provide neuroprotection by reducing the release of various proinflammatory molecules from activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Nyon Nam
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | - Hoon-Ji Jung
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | - Chulhun Kang
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-702, Korea
| | - Eunjoo H. Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-702, Korea
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Tsai HH, Chen IJ, Lo YC. Effects of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang on U46619-induced increase in pulmonary arterial blood pressure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:457-62. [PMID: 18387761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXT), composed of Coptidis rhizoma, Scutellariae radix and Rhei rhizoma, is traditionally used to treat hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY Our aim was to investigate the pharmacology effect of SHXT on a thromboxane A(2) analogue U46619-induced increase in pulmonary hypertension and protein expression in primary pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Arterial blood pressure and isometric tension in the aorta and pulmonary artery of rats were measured by pressure and force transducers, respectively. Protein expressions on PASMCs were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS SHXT significantly attenuated U46619-induced increase in arterial blood pressure. The inhibitory effect of SHXT on pulmonary arterial pressure was greater than systemic arterial pressure in U46619 treated rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of SHXT on U46619-induced vasoconstriction in rat pulmonary arterial rings was greater than that in aortic rings. In U46619 treated PASMCs, SHXT down-regulated expression of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), Rho-kinase (ROCK) II, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and up-regulated expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) alpha(1) and sGCbeta(1). CONCLUSIONS SHXT attenuated U46619-induced increase in systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Inhibition of PDE5, ROCK-II, COX-2 and stimulation of sGC may play important roles in the cardiovascular effects of SHXT.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Separation
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/biosynthesis
- Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isometric Contraction/drug effects
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vasoconstrictor Agents
- rho-Associated Kinases/biosynthesis
- rho-Associated Kinases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Cho K, Noh K, Jung W, Park S, Moon S, Park J, Ko C, Kim Y, Bae H. A preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of Chunghyul-dan on stroke recurrence in patients with small vessel disease. Neurol Res 2008; 30:655-8. [PMID: 18498682 DOI: 10.1179/174313208x305382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chunghyul-dan is a combinatorial herbal medicine, and previous works reported that it had therapeutic effects for microangiopathy, which is a major part in the progression of small vessel disease, as having anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, we examined the inhibitory effect of Chunghyul-dan on stroke recurrence in patients with small vessel disease. METHODS We prescribed Chunghyul-dan 600 mg a day to the patients with small vessel disease, and monitored stroke recurrence, drug compliances and adverse effect for 2 years. And then we performed follow-up brain MRI to find new vascular lesion after 2 years of Chunghyul-dan medication. As for the control, we recruited the subjects who had been managed with antiplatelet agents from a western medical hospital, and compared the rate of stroke recurrence. RESULTS There were 148 subjects who had been treated with Chunghyul-dan for 2 years, and new vascular events were found in three subjects. On the other hand, 208 subjects were managed with anti-platelet agents for 2 years in a Western medical hospital, and 17 of them had stroke recurrence. Therefore, 2 years of Chunghyul-dan medication reduced the odds ratio of stroke recurrence by 77% compared to the anti-platelet agents managed control. The inhibition rate increased to 79%, when adjusted for other relevant risk factors for stroke occurrence. During the study, no adverse effect was detected. CONCLUSION We suggest that Chunghyul-dan could be useful for inhibition of stroke recurrence by preventing the progression of microangiopathy. Further study with a randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm this suggestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- KiHo Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Yu HE, Lee DH, Seo GS, Cho SM, Lee JS. Characterization of a novel β-hydroxy-β-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase-inhibitor from the mushroom,Pholiota adiposa. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deng YX, Lu T, Xie L, Liu XD. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of wogonoside in rat serum after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 20:1098-102. [PMID: 16583457 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of wogonoside in plasma of rats administrated orally with the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction was developed. Sample preparation was carried out by protein precipitation with a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (1:1, v/v). The extracted sample was separated on a Hypersil C(18) (150 x 5 mm i.d., 5 microm) analytical column by linear gradient elution using 0.05% (v/v) phosphoric acid (containing 5 mm sodium dihydrogen phosphate) and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The eluate was detected using a UV detector at 276 nm. The assay was linear over the range 0.109-7.0 microg/mL (R(2) = 0.9999, n = 5). Mean recovery was determined as 98.39%. Intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were < or =7.59%. The limit of quantitation was 0.109 microg/mL. After validation, the HPLC method developed was applied to investigate the preliminary pharmacokinetics of wogonoside in rat after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Min SW, Kim DH. Kakkalide and Irisolidone: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Isolated from the Flower of Pueraria thunbergiana. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1965-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Min
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
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Pyo SK, Son EW. Rhei Rhizoma Extracts Have Antiproliferative Properties and Differential Effects on NO Production in Macrophages. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2006.11.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Ko CN, Cho KH, Kim YS, Bae HS, Chi SG. Chunghyuldan activates NOS mRNA expression and suppresses VCAM-1 mRNA expression in human endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 83:1101-8. [PMID: 16462909 DOI: 10.1139/y05-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chunghyuldan (CHD), a combinatorial drug that has antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities, has been shown to improve arterial stiffness and inhibit stroke recurrence in clinical study. To understand the molecular basis of CHD's clinical effects, we explored its effect on cell proliferation and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell number counting and [3H]thymidine incorporation assay demonstrated that nontoxic doses of CHD have an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis and suppress cell cycle progression of HUVECs. CHD treatment led to a marked induction of NO production through up-regulation of NOS mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas it suppressed VCAM-1 expression. CHD inhibition of VCAM-1 expression was totally blocked by pretreatment with the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NMMA, whereas pretreatment with the NO donor DETA-NO further decreased VCAM-1 level in CHD-treated HUVECs, indicating that VCAM-1 regulation by CHD is mediated through increased NO synthesis by CHD. In addition, TNF-alpha-mediated VCAM-1 activation was substantially impeded by CHD treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that anti-inflammatory or anti-hyperlipidemic effects of CHD might be associated with its ability to activate NO production and suppress VCAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Korea
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Cho KH, Kang HS, Jung WS, Park SU, Moon SK. Efficacy and safety of chunghyul-dan (qingwie-dan) in patients with hypercholesterolemia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2005; 33:241-8. [PMID: 15974483 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x05002898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chunghyul-dan has inhibitory effects on HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase. We investigated whether Chunghyul-dan has therapeutic effects on humans with hypercholesterolemia. This study was a case-control, open-labeled clinical study. Subjects were treated with Chunghyul-dan (600 mg/day) or Atorvastatin (10 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Serum lipids were checked at baseline after 4 and 8 weeks of medication. While, Chunghyul-dan showed significant lipid-lowering effects, it was less effective than Atorvastatin. In comparison with the histological controls, Chunghyul-dan's effects were superior to placebo. On safety assessment, there was no adverse effect with the use of Chunghyul-dan in hepatic or renal toxicity. In conclusion, we suggest that Chunghyul-dan is a useful herbal medicine for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center) College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Korea
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Choi SB, Ko BS, Park SK, Jang JS, Park S. Insulin sensitizing and alpha-glucoamylase inhibitory action of sennosides, rheins and rhaponticin in Rhei Rhizoma. Life Sci 2005; 78:934-42. [PMID: 16182318 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from Rhei Rhizoma extracts (RR) have been reported to attenuate metabolic disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, hypercholesterolemia and platelet aggregation. With this study we investigated the anti-diabetic action of 70% ethanol RR extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and determined the action mechanism of active compounds of RR in vitro. In the diabetic mice, serum glucose levels at fasting and post-prandial states and glucose area under the curve at modified oral glucose tolerance tests were lowered without altering serum insulin levels, indicating that RR contained potential anti-diabetic agents. The fractions fractionated from RR extracts by XAD-4 column revealed that 60%, 80% and 100% methanol fractions enhanced insulin sensitivity and inhibited alpha-glucoamylase activity. The major compounds of these fractions were sennosides, rhein and rhaponticin. Rhaponticin and rhein enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rhaponticin increased adipocytes with a differentiating effect similar to pioglitazone, but rhein and sennoside B decreased triglyceride accumulation. Sennoside A and B inhibited alpha-glucoamylase activity as much as acarbose. In conclusion, a crude extract of RR improves glucose intolerance by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and decreasing carbohydrate digestion via inhibiting alpha-glucoamylase activity. Rhein and rhaponticin are potential candidates for hypoglycemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungjoo, Chungbuk, Korea
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Cho KH, Jung WS, Park SU, Moon SK, Ko CN, Ku S, Chi SG, Park H. Daio-Orengedokudo works as a cell-proliferating compound in endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 82:380-6. [PMID: 15381961 DOI: 10.1139/y04-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Daio-Orengedokuto is a combination drug that has inhibitory effects on HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase. Here we investigated whether Daio-Orengedokuto has effects on vascular endothelial cells. To determine its effects on blood vessels, we examined roles of Daio-Orengedokuto in cell migration, cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression over bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Interestingly, Daio-Orengedokuto was shown to work as an anti-apoptotic agent, a cell cycle progressive agent and a cell-migration inducing agent in BAECs, whereas it was known to act as a tumor suppressor in cancer cells (unpublished data). The inducing effect of Daio-Orengedokuto on cell-cycle progression and cell migration in endothelium suggests that Daio-Orengedokuto may be referred to as a drug, inducing angiogenesis, healing wounds, and (or) remodeling vascular tissue. Then we further investigated which signaling molecules were activated by Daio-Orengedokuto and found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and IκB degradation were stimulated by the Daio-Orengedokuto treatment in BAECs. More interestingly, pretreatment with PD compound, an ERK inhibitor, blocked the anti-apoptosis induced by Daio-Orengedokuto. In conclusion, Daio-Orengedokuto plays a role in endothelial cell proliferation via activation of MAP kinase.Key words: Daio-Orengedokuto, endothelial cells, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Cho
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Cho KH, Kim YS, Bae HS, Moon SK, Jung WS, Park EK, Kim DH. Inhibitory Effect of Chunghyuldan in Prostaglandin E2 and Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:1810-3. [PMID: 15516728 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chunghyuldan (Daio-Orengedokuto in Japanese) (CHD) has been used as an antihyperlipidemic and antiischemic agent in Korea. To evaluate in vitro the efficacy of Chunghyuldans (CHDs) metabolized with and without human intestinal microflora against brain ischemia, we investigated its anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Both metabolized CHD (MCHD) and CHD showed antioxidant activities in vitro, and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) productions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. These also inhibited enzyme activities and protein expressions of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. MCHD-inhibitory activity against NO and PGE2 productions in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was more potent than those of CHD. These results suggest that CHD may show potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and can improve brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Cho
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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