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Wen X, Wu P, Li F, Pi G. Study on the relationship between tea polyphenols alleviating osteoporosis and the changes of microorganism-metabolite-intestinal barrier. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106564. [PMID: 38307369 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols are known to alleviate osteoporosis; however, the role of intestinal flora in this process has not been studied. This research employed 16s rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabonomics to investigate the potential link between osteoporosis mitigation and changes in intestinal flora. MicroCT and tissue staining results demonstrated that tea polyphenols improved bone microstructure, modulated bone metabolism, and significantly alleviated osteoporosis. The administration of tea polyphenols led to alterations in the intestinal flora's composition, marked by increased abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and decreased prevalence of Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides. Concurrently, the levels of serum metabolites such as Spermidine and 5,6-Dihydrouracil, associated with intestinal microorganisms, underwent significant changes. These variations in intestinal flora and metabolites are closely linked to bone metabolism. Furthermore, tea polyphenols partially repaired intestinal barrier damage, potentially due to shifts in intestinal flora and their metabolites. Overall, our findings suggest that tea polyphenol intervention modifies the intestinal flora and serum metabolites in osteoporotic mice, which could contribute to the repair of intestinal barrier damage and thereby mitigate osteoporosis. This discovery aids in elucidating the mechanism behind tea polyphenols' osteoporosis-relieving effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Panyang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guofu Pi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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de Almeida-Junior LA, de Campos Chaves Lamarque G, Herrera H, Arnez MFM, Lorencetti-Silva F, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Paula-Silva FWG. Analysis of the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus ® sealers in pre-osteoblast lineage cells. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:262. [PMID: 38389110 PMCID: PMC10882839 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various endodontic sealers (CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus®) in pre-osteoblast mouse cells (MC3T3 cells). METHODS MC3T3 cells (ATCC CRL-2594) were plated in 1 × 104 cells/well in 96-well plates in contact with endodontic sealers at concentrations of 1:10 and 1:100. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after 24 and 48 h. In addition, sealer bioactivity was measured by RT-PCR for mediator of inflammation (Tnf, Ptgs2) and mineralization (Runx2, Msx1, Ssp1 and Dmp1) after 24 h and by Alizarin Red S Assay of mineralization after 28 days. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's post-test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS BioRoot™ presented 24-hour cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) at 1:10 concentration. In the period of 48 h, no endodontic cement was cytotoxic to the cells compared to the control (p > 0.05). TNF-α gene expression was induced by AH Plus® (p < 0.05), while Ptgs2 was induced by the CeraSeal and BioRoot™ (p < 0.05). The expression of Runx2 was stimulated by BioRoot™ and AH Plus® (p < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of Dmp-1 Dmp1 was higher for the CeraSeal and BioRoot™ (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the sealers did not impact the formation of mineralization nodules (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus® sealers were not cytotoxic to MC3T3 cells within 48 h, but differentially induced the expression of genes related to inflammation and mineralization without impacting biomineralization by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Aparecido de Almeida-Junior
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Giuliana de Campos Chaves Lamarque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Henry Herrera
- Universidad Católica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil.
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Chen CC, Shen YM, Li SB, Huang SW, Kuo YJ, Chen YP. Association of Coffee and Tea Intake with Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1177. [PMID: 37374383 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and high bone fragility. Findings regarding the association of coffee and tea intake with osteoporosis have been inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate whether coffee and tea intake is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and high hip fracture risk. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for relevant studies published before 2022. Studies on the effects of coffee/tea intake on hip fracture/BMD were included in our meta-analysis, whereas those focusing on specific disease groups and those with no relevant coffee/tea intake data were excluded. We assessed mean difference (MD; for BMD) and pooled hazard ratio (HR; for hip fracture) values with 95% confidence interval (CI) values. The cohort was divided into high- and low-intake groups considering the thresholds of 1 and 2 cups/day for tea and coffee, respectively. Results: Our meta-analysis included 20 studies comprising 508,312 individuals. The pooled MD was 0.020 for coffee (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.044) and 0.039 for tea (95% CI, -0.012 to 0.09), whereas the pooled HR was 1.008 for coffee (95% CI, 0.760 to 1.337) and 0.93 for tea (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis results suggest that daily coffee or tea consumption is not associated with BMD or hip fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ching Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Shen
- Department of General Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Bi Li
- Department of General Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 234, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Bioactivity, Molecular Mechanism, and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoids for Bone Loss. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040919. [PMID: 36839278 PMCID: PMC9960663 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disabilities are a prominent burden on the present population with an increasing life span. Advances in osteopathy have provided various medical support for bone-related diseases, including pharmacological and prosthesis interventions. However, therapeutics and post-surgery complications are often reported due to side effects associated with modern-day therapies. Thus, therapies utilizing natural means with fewer toxic or other side effects are the key to acceptable interventions. Flavonoids constitute a class of bioactive compounds found in dietary supplements, and their pharmacological attributes have been well appreciated. Recently, flavonoids' role is gaining renowned interest for its effect on bone remodeling. A wide range of flavonoids has been found to play a pivotal role in the major bone signaling pathways, such as wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), etc. However, the reduced bioavailability and the absorption of flavonoids are the major limitations inhibiting their use against bone-related complications. Recent utilization of nanotechnological approaches and other delivery methods (biomaterial scaffolds, micelles) to target and control release can enhance the absorption and bioavailability of flavonoids. Thus, we have tried to recapitulate the understanding of the role of flavonoids in regulating signaling mechanisms affecting bone remodeling and various delivery methods utilized to enhance their therapeutical potential in treating bone loss.
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LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Ratliff KA, Cook NR, Clar A, Holman B, Copeland T, Smith DC, Rist PM, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Crandall CJ. Rationale and design of an ancillary study evaluating the effects of the cocoa flavanol and/or multivitamin interventions on falls and physical performance outcomes in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS). Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 125:107078. [PMID: 36621596 PMCID: PMC10732156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and decreased physical function increase markedly with age and result in injury, hospitalization, and premature death. Emerging studies show potential benefits of supplemental cocoa extract on physical performance, including grip strength and walking speed in older adults. However, there are no large, long-term randomized controlled trials of effects of supplemental cocoa extract on falls, muscle performance, and/or fall-related injuries. METHODS The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial investigating effects of supplementation with cocoa extract (500 mg/d, including 80 mg (-)-epicatechin) and/or a multivitamin on prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer in 21,442 women (≥65 years) and men (≥60 years). COSMOS Effects on Falls and Physical Performance is an ancillary study to COSMOS that will clarify effects of cocoa extract and/or multivitamin supplementation on falls, physical performance, and incident fracture outcomes in older adults. Injurious fall(s) resulting in healthcare utilization and recurrent falls were regularly assessed by follow-up questionnaires in the overall cohort. Incident fractures were also assessed by annual questionnaires. Circumstances surrounding falls and any fall-related injuries will be confirmed by medical record review. Effects of the interventions on 2-year changes in physical performance measures (grip strength, walking speed, and the Short Physical Performance Battery) will be tested in a clinic sub-cohort (n = 603). CONCLUSION Results from this ancillary study will determine whether supplemental cocoa extract slows age-related declines in physical performance and decrease injurious and recurrent falls and fall-related injuries and fractures that are major public health problems in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristin A Ratliff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Allison Clar
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Beth Holman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Doug C Smith
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pamela M Rist
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Carolyn J Crandall
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Lin H, Wang X, Li Z, Huang M, Feng J, Chen H, Gao J, Feng Y, Wu J, Tang S, Zhou R, Ren Y, Huang F, Jiang Z. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone defects. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3584-3600. [PMID: 35960140 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects are difficult to heal, which conveys a heavy burden to patients' lives and their economy. The total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD) can promote the osteogenesis of distraction osteogenesis. However, the dose effect is not clear, the treatment period is short, and the quality of bone formation is poor. In our study, we observed the long-term effects and dose effects of TFRD on bone defects, verified the main ingredients of TFRD in combination with network pharmacology for the first time, explored its potential mechanism, and verified these findings. We found that TFRD management for 12 weeks regulated osteogenesis and angiogenesis in rats with 4-mm tibial bone defects through the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, especially at high doses (135 mg kg-1 d-1 ). The vascularization effect of TFRD in promoting human umbilical vein endothelial cells was inhibited by PI3K inhibitors. These results provide a reference for the clinical application of TFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiong Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Hospital and Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zige Li
- The 2nd Department of Arthrosis, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beiijing, China
| | - Minling Huang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Junjie Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huamei Chen
- Knee Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, China
| | - Yuanlan Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyao Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyi Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Iviglia G, Torre E, Cassinelli C, Morra M. Functionalization with a Polyphenol-Rich Pomace Extract Empowers a Ceramic Bone Filler with In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pro-Osteogenic Properties. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020031. [PMID: 34063147 PMCID: PMC8167574 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases and periodontitis in particular are a major health burden worldwide, because of their association with various systemic diseases and with conditions such as peri-implantitis. Attempts have been made over the years to reverse bone loss due to the host disproportionate inflammatory response and to prevent failure of dental implants. To this end, the use of biomaterials functionalized with molecules characterized by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could represent a new frontier for regenerating functional periodontal tissues. In this study, a new ceramic granulated biomaterial, named Synergoss Red (SR), functionalized with a polyphenolic mixture extracted from pomace of the Croatina grape variety, is introduced. Following a preliminary in-depth characterization of the extract by HPLC analysis and of the biomaterial surface and composition, we performed evaluations of cytocompatibility and a biological response through in vitro assays. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the identified phenolic molecules contained in SR were shown to downregulate inflammation in macrophages, to stimulate in osteoblast-like cells the expression of genes involved in deposition of the early bone matrix, and to mitigate bone remodeling by decreasing the RANKL/OPG ratio. Thanks to its cytocompatibility and assorted beneficial effects on bone regeneration, SR could be considered an innovative regenerative approach in periodontal therapy.
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Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract improves bone loss, bone healing, and implant osseointegration in ovariectomized animals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8812. [PMID: 32483182 PMCID: PMC7264202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to confirm if proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) had the ability to improve bone health such as bone loss, bone healing, and implant osseointegration (defined as the direct connection between bone tissue and an implant) in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. We demonstrated that daily oral administration of GSE prevented bone loss in the lumbar vertebrae and femur in OVX mice. In addition, osteoclastogenesis in the lumbar spine bone of OVX mice, as assessed by histological and histomorphometric analyses, was accelerated but GSE prevented this dynamization, suggesting that GSE could counteract OVX-induced accelerated osteoclastogenic activity. In rats, OVX clearly impaired the healing of defects created on the calvaria, and GSE overcame this OVX-impaired healing. In the same way, osseointegration of a tibial implant in rats was retarded by OVX, and GSE counteracted the OVX-induced poor osseointegration, likely promoting bone healing by preventing imbalanced bone turnover. These results suggest that orally administered GSE improved implant osseointegration by mitigating the impaired bone health induced by OVX as a model of estrogen deficiency.
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Shen CL, Smith BJ, Li J, Cao JJ, Song X, Newhardt MF, Corry KA, Tomison MD, Tang L, Wang JS, Chyu MC. Effect of Long-Term Green Tea Polyphenol Supplementation on Bone Architecture, Turnover, and Mechanical Properties in Middle-Aged Ovariectomized Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:285-300. [PMID: 30413854 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 6-month green tea polyphenols (GTP) supplementation on bone architecture, turnover, and mechanical properties in middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female rats were sham-operated (n = 39, 13/group) or OVX (n = 143, 13/group). Sham-control and OVX-control rats (n = 39) receiving no GTP were assigned for sample collection at baseline, 3, or 6 months. The remaining OVX rats (n = 104) were randomized to 0.15%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (g/dL) GTP for 3 or 6 months. Blood and bone samples were collected. Relative to the OVX-control group, GTP (1% and 1.5%) lowered serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide at 3 and 6 months, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen at 3 months, and insulin-like growth factor-I at 6 months. GTP did not affect bone mineral content and density. At 6 months, no dose of GTP positively affected trabecular bone volume based on microCT, but a higher cortical thickness and improved biomechanical properties of the femur mid-diaphysis was observed in the 1.5% GTP-treated group. At 3 and 6 months, GTP (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) had lower rates of trabecular bone formation and resorption than the OVX-control group, but the inhibitory effects of GTP on periosteal and endocortical bone mineralization and formation at the tibial midshaft were only evident at 3 months. GTP at higher doses suppressed bone turnover in the trabecular and cortical bone of OVX rats and resulted in improved cortical bone structural and biomechanical properties, although it was not effective in preventing the ovariectomy-induced dramatic cancellous bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jay J Cao
- USDA ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria F Newhardt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kylie A Corry
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael D Tomison
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ming-Chien Chyu
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Graduate Healthcare Engineering Option, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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Seem SA, Yuan YV, Tou JC. Chocolate and chocolate constituents influence bone health and osteoporosis risk. Nutrition 2019; 65:74-84. [PMID: 31029926 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss resulting in increased risk for osteoporosis is a major health issue worldwide. Chocolate is a rich source of antioxidant and antiinflammatory flavonoids and dietary minerals with the potential to benefit bone health. However, other chocolate constituents such as cocoa butter, sugar, and methylxanthines may be detrimental to bone. Human studies investigating the role of chocolate consumption on serum bone markers and bone mineral density (BMD) have been inconsistent. A contributing factor is likely the different composition and thereby the nutrient and bioactive content among chocolate types. White and milk chocolate are high in sugar and low in flavonoids and most minerals. Dark chocolate (45-85% cocoa solids) is high in flavonoids, most minerals, and low in sugar with ≥70% cocoa solids resulting in higher fat and methylxanthine content. The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between chocolate consumption and its constiuents, including flavonoid content, on bone health and osteoporosis risk. Studies showed postmenopausal women had no bone effects at moderate chocolate intakes, whereas adolescents consuming chocolate had greater longitudinal bone growth. Based on flavonoid and mineral content, unsweetened cocoa powder appeared to be the best option followed by dark chocolate with higher cocoa content in terms of supporting and preserving bone health. Determining dietary recommendations for chocolate consumption relative to bone health is important because of the growing popularity of chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, and an expected increase in consumption owing to suggestions of health benefits against various degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Seem
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Yvonne V Yuan
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet C Tou
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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Wong KC, Cao S, Dong X, Law MC, Chan TH, Wong MS. (-)-Epiafzelechin Protects against Ovariectomy-induced Bone Loss in Adult Mice and Modulate Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Functions In Vitro. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050530. [PMID: 28531166 PMCID: PMC5452259 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to characterize the bone protective effects of (-)-epiafzelechin (EAF), a flavan-3-ol, in mature ovariectomized mice model and its ability to stimulate osteoblastic activity and inhibit osteoclastic activity. Mature C57BL/6 mice (three to four months old) were either ovariectomised (OVX) or sham-operated and subjected to treatment (vehicle, 17β-oestradiol (E2, 200 μg/kg/day) or EAF (500 μg/kg/day) orally for six weeks. EAF and E2 significantly reduced urinary calcium (Ca) excretion, serum osteocalcin (OCN), and urinary deoxy-pyridinoline (DPD); increased bone mineral density (BMD); and improved micro-architectural properties in OVX mice. EAF significantly increased cell viability, alkaline phosphatise (ALP) activity, and collagen content, as well as runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2) mRNA expression in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, EAF significantly reduced the viability of osteoclast precursor murine leukemia monocyte RAW 264.7 cells and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities in mature osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. EAF is a bioactive flavan-3-ol that protects estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in OVX mice and exerts direct modulating effects in bone cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Chun Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sisi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Man-Chun Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tak-Hang Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Zhang ZF, Yang JL, Jiang HC, Lai Z, Wu F, Liu ZX. Updated association of tea consumption and bone mineral density: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6437. [PMID: 28328853 PMCID: PMC5371490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies evaluating the association of tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between tea consumption and BMD. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched, and a meta-analysis performed of all observational studies assessing the association of tea consumption and BMD. Forest plots were used to illustrate the results graphically. The Q-test and I statistic were employed to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Potential publication bias was assessed by the funnel plot. RESULTS Four cohort, 1 case-control, and 8 cross-sectional studies including a total of 12,635 cases were included. Tea consumption was shown to prevent bone loss [odds ratio (OR): 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-0.94; P = 0.02], yielding higher mineral densities in several bones, including the lumbar spine [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08-0.31; P = 0.001], hip (SMD: 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05-0.34; P = 0.01), femoral neck [mean difference (MD): 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.02; P = 0.04], Ward triangle (MD: 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.04; P = 0.001), and greater trochanter (MD: 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.04; P < 0.00001), than the non-tea consumption group. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provided a potential trend that tea consumption might be beneficial for BMD, especially in the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, Ward triangle, and greater trochanter, which might help prevent bone loss.
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Yanez M, Blanchette J, Jabbarzadeh E. Modulation of Inflammatory Response to Implanted Biomaterials Using Natural Compounds. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:6347-6357. [PMID: 28521709 PMCID: PMC5681444 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170510124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers a promising strategy to restore injuries resulting from trauma, infection, tumor resection, or other diseases. In spite of significant progress, the field faces a significant bottleneck; the critical need to understand and exploit the interdependencies of tissue healing, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Inherently, the balance of these interacting processes is affected by a number of injury site conditions that represent a departure from physiological environment, including reduced pH, increased concentration of free radicals, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia. Efforts to harness the potential of immune response as a therapeutic strategy to promote tissue repair have led to identification of natural compounds with significant anti-inflammatory properties. This article provides a concise review of the body's inflammatory response to biomaterials and describes the role of oxygen as a physiological cue in this process. We proceed to highlight the potential of natural compounds to mediate inflammatory response and improve host-graft integration. Herein, we discuss the use of natural compounds to map signaling molecules and checkpoints that regulate the cross-linkage of immune response and skeletal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yanez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James Blanchette
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29209, USA
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Abstract
A light-to-moderate wine consumption has been shown to provide several beneficial effects on the skeletal system, including reduced risk of bone mass loss and fractures. Wine is rich in phenolic compounds, strong phytoestrogens and natural antioxidants, to which bone protection is mainly attributed. The objective of this review was to give an overview of the exact mechanisms by which wine consumption is involved in bone protection. We found a great variety of in vitro research on the beneficial effects of isolated wine phenolics on the skeletal system, with a significant lack of evidence of their in vivo effects. In addition, we found almost no studies investigating how wine, a mixture of these phenolics dissolved in ethanol, affects the skeletal system. Our results warrant further research on this interesting topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Kutleša
- Orthopedic Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Danijela Budimir Mršić
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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Đudarić L, Fužinac-Smojver A, Muhvić D, Giacometti J. The role of polyphenols on bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Hohman EE, Weaver CM. A grape-enriched diet increases bone calcium retention and cortical bone properties in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr 2015; 145:253-9. [PMID: 25644345 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.198598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapes and their associated phytochemicals have been investigated for beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, cancer prevention, and other chronic diseases, but the effect of grape consumption on bone health has not been fully determined. We previously found short-term benefits of grape products on reducing bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the long-term benefits of a grape-enriched diet on bone in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Rats were ovariectomized at 3 mo of age and were administered a single dose of (45)Ca to prelabel bones at 4 mo of age. After a 1-mo equilibration period, baseline urinary (45)Ca excretion was determined. Rats (n = 22/group) were then randomly assigned to a modified AIN93M diet containing 25% freeze-dried grape powder or to a control diet for 8 wk. Urinary (45)Ca excretion was monitored throughout the study to determine changes in bone (45)Ca retention. Calcium balance was assessed after 1 and 8 wk of consuming the experimental diets, and a calcium kinetic study was performed at 8 wk. After 8 wk, femurs were collected for micro-computed tomographic imaging, 3-point bending, and reference point indentation. RESULTS Rats fed the grape-enriched diet had 44% greater net bone calcium retention than did rats fed the control diet. There were no differences in calcium balance due to diet at either week 1 or week 8, but there was a significant increase in net calcium absorption (10.6%) and retention (5.7%) from week 1 to week 8 in the grape-enriched diet group only. Grape-enriched diet-fed rats had 3% greater cortical thickness and 11% greater breaking strength. There were no differences in femur bone mineral density, trabecular microarchitecture, or reference point indentation variables due to diet. CONCLUSION This study of ovariectomized rats indicates that the consumption of grape products may improve calcium utilization and suppress bone turnover, resulting in improvements in bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Hohman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Itoh T, Nakamura M, Nakamichi H, Ando M, Tsukamasa Y, Furuichi Y. Regulation of the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts by a hot-water extract of adzuki beans (Vigna angularis). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:92-9. [PMID: 25036490 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem thought to be caused by an imbalance in bone metabolism. We examined in this study the 40% ethanol fraction of HP-20 resin in combination with a hot-water adzuki extract (EtEx.40) for its effect on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. EtEx.40-treated murine preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells exhibited significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. EtEx.40 facilitated osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating such osteoblast differentiation-related molecules as runt-related transcription factor 2, distal-less homeobox 5, and osterix via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. EtEx.40 also suppressed the formation of large tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 cells that had been stimulated with the receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. EtEx.40 significantly inhibited NF-κB activation, thus reducing the expression of such downstream molecules as c-Fos and NFATc1. Our findings suggest that EtEx.40 could be used to maintain bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Itoh
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Kinki University , Nara , Japan
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20
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Chen B, Shi HF, Wu SC. Tea consumption didn't modify the risk of fracture: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:44. [PMID: 24588938 PMCID: PMC4017777 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fractures are important causes of healthy damage and economic loss nowadays. The conclusions of observational studies on tea consumption and fracture risk are still inconsistent. The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine the effect of tea drinking on the risk of fractures. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and reference lists of the relevant articles. Observational studies that reported an estimate of the association between tea drinking and incidence of fractures were included. A meta-analysis was conducted by the STATA software. Results A total of 9 studies involving 147,950 individuals that examined the association between tea consumption and risk of fractures were included in this meta-analysis. The odds risks (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. The pooled OR of 9 observational studies for the tea consumption on risk of fracture was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78-1.04). In the subgroup analyses, no significant association was detected in neither cohort studies (n = 3; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89-1.06) nor case–control studies (n = 6; OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.70-1.19), respectively. No significant association was detected in the dose–response meta-analysis. Conclusions Tea consumption might not be associated with the risk of fractures. The following large-sample and well-designed studies are required to confirm the existing conclusions. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5309904231178427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
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Potential antiosteoporotic agents from plants: a comprehensive review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:364604. [PMID: 23365596 PMCID: PMC3551255 DOI: 10.1155/2012/364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health hazard and is a disease of old age; it is a silent epidemic affecting more than 200 million people worldwide in recent years. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research many plants and their compounds have been shown to possess antiosteoporosis activity. This paper reviews the medicinal plants displaying antiosteoporosis properties including their origin, active constituents, and pharmacological data. The plants reported here are the ones which are commonly used in traditional medical systems and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness against osteoporosis. Although many plants have the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so far, only a fraction of these plants have been thoroughly investigated for their physiological and pharmacological properties including their mechanism of action. An attempt should be made to highlight plant species with possible antiosteoporosis properties and they should be investigated further to help with future drug development for treating this disease.
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22
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Abstract
Several studies have shown beneficial associations between tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Current investigations into potential mechanisms of benefit are focused upon the F and polyphenol components of tea. However, previous studies have pointed towards caffeine consumption as a potential risk factor for low BMD and high fracture risk. Tea, therefore, represents an interesting paradox as a mildly caffeinated beverage that may enhance bone health. Fruit and vegetable intake has also been associated with BMD, and it is now apparent that several fruit and vegetable components, including polyphenols, may contribute positively to bone health. Evidence surrounding the function(s) of polyphenol-rich foods in bone health is examined, along with more recent studies challenging the relevance of caffeine consumption to in vivo Ca balance. Plant foods rich in polyphenols such as tea, fruit and vegetables, as significant factors in a healthy diet and lifestyle, may have positive roles in bone health, and the negative role of caffeine may have been overestimated. The present review covers evidence of dietary mediation in positive and negative aspects of bone health, in particular the roles of tea, fruit and vegetables, and of caffeine, flavonoids and polyphenols as components of these foods. Since the deleterious effects of caffeine appear to have been overstated, especially in respect of the positive effects of flavonoids, it is concluded that a reassessment of the role of caffeinated beverages may be necessary.
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23
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Green tea and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:155-61. [PMID: 21473914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly population. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea with its bioactive components on bone health with an emphasis on the following: (i) the etiology of osteoporosis, (ii) evidence of osteo-protective impacts of green tea on bone mass and microarchitecture in various bone loss models in which induced by aging, sex hormone deficiency, and chronic inflammation, (iii) discussion of impacts of green tea on bone mass in two obesity models, (iv) observation of short-term green tea supplementation given to postmenopausal women with low bone mass, (v) possible mechanisms for the osteo-protective effects of green tea bioactive compounds, and (vi) a summary and future research direction of green tea and bone health.
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Yoo YJ, Saliba AJ, Prenzler PD. Should Red Wine Be Considered a Functional Food? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:530-551. [PMID: 33467832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods may be regarded as foods that have nutritional value, but in particular, they also have beneficial effects on one or more body functions. Thus, functional foods may improve health and/or reduce the risk of developing certain diseases when taken in amounts that can be consumed in a normal diet. Based on nearly 2 decades of research since the term "French paradox" was first coined in 1992, wine would appear to fit this definition. Yet there seems to be reluctance to consider wine as a functional food. In this review, we present an overview of the accumulated evidence for the health benefits of wine-and its key phenolic components such as resveratrol, quercetin, catechin-and show that these alone are not enough to firmly establish wine as a functional food. What is required is to create clearly defined products based on wine that are targeted to consumers' needs and expectations when it comes to purchasing functional foods. Moreover, the crucial question of alcohol and health also needs to be addressed by the functional food industry. Suggestions are presented for working through this issue, but in many regards, wine is like any other food-it should be consumed sensibly and in amounts that are beneficial to health. Overindulgence of any kind does not promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung J Yoo
- Authors are with Natl. Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga Wagga New South Wales, Australia. Direct inquiries to author Saliba (E-mail: )
| | - Anthony J Saliba
- Authors are with Natl. Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga Wagga New South Wales, Australia. Direct inquiries to author Saliba (E-mail: )
| | - Paul D Prenzler
- Authors are with Natl. Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga Wagga New South Wales, Australia. Direct inquiries to author Saliba (E-mail: )
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Soeta S, Higuchi M, Yoshimura I, Itoh R, Kimura N, Aamsaki H. Effects of vitamin E on the osteoblast differentiation. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:951-7. [PMID: 20215720 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is thought to affect bone formation and bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol) on the osteoblasts isolated from rat calvariae. At 4 and 7 days (Day 4 and 7) after induction of osteoblastic differentiation, treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) for 3 days significantly decreased alkaline phophatase activity of the cultured osteoblasts. At Day 14, however, no significant change was detected in ALP activity and expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA in the osteoblasts treated with alpha-tocopherol or delta-tocopherol for 3 days. Expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) at Day 4 and 7. At Day 14, expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased only with treatment of 200 microM alpha-tocopherol. In addition, the noncalcified nodules were decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (20 microM) at Day 7. However, treatment of alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol showed no significant change of formation of calcified nodules at Day 14. These results indicate that vitamin E inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts especially from early stage to osteoid-producing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Soeta
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Japan.
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Shen CL, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Wang JS. Green tea and bone metabolism. Nutr Res 2009; 29:437-56. [PMID: 19700031 PMCID: PMC2754215 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in both elderly women and men. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of age-related bone loss in elderly women and men. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea or its bioactive components on bone health, with an emphasis on (i) the prevalence and etiology of osteoporosis; (ii) the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in osteoporosis; (iii) green tea composition and bioavailability; (iv) the effects of green tea and its active components on osteogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis from human epidemiological, animal, as well as cell culture studies; (v) possible mechanisms explaining the osteoprotective effects of green tea bioactive compounds; (vi) other bioactive components in tea that benefit bone health; and (vii) a summary and future direction of green tea and bone health research and the translational aspects. In general, tea and its bioactive components might decrease the risk of fracture by improving bone mineral density and supporting osteoblastic activities while suppressing osteoclastic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-9097, USA.
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(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate reduces platelet-derived growth factor-BB-stimulated interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: suppression of SAPK/JNK. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2008:291808. [PMID: 19148296 PMCID: PMC2617727 DOI: 10.1155/2008/291808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily, p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal (JNK), positively plays a part in the platelet-derived growth factor-BB-
(PDGF-BB-) stimulated synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells while Akt and p70 S6 kinase negatively regulates the synthesis. In the present study, we investigated whether (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, affects the synthesis of IL-6 in these cells and the mechanism. EGCG significantly reduced the IL-6 synthesis and IL-6 mRNA expression stimulated by PDGF-BB, EGCG reduced the PDGF-BB-stimulated IL-6 synthesis also in primary-cultured osteoblasts. EGCG had no effect on the levels of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin in MC3T3-E1 cells. The PDGF-BB-induced autophosphorylation of PDGF receptor β was not suppressed by EGCG. The PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase was not affected by EGCG. On the other hand, EGCG markedly suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. Finally, the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of Akt and p70 S6 kinase was not affected by EGCG. These results strongly suggest that EGCG inhibits the PDGF-BB-stimulated synthesis of IL-6 via suppression of SAPK/JNK pathway in osteoblasts.
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(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate reduces transforming growth factor β-stimulated HSP27 induction through the suppression of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase in osteoblasts. Life Sci 2008; 82:1012-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Impact of phytochemicals on maintaining bone and joint health. Nutrition 2008; 24:390-2. [PMID: 18280702 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Yamauchi J, Takai S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Hanai Y, Doi T, Kato H, Ogura S, Kato K, Tokuda H, Kozawa O. (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibits prostaglandin D2-stimulated HSP27 induction via suppression of the p44/p42 MAP kinase pathway in osteoblasts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 77:173-9. [PMID: 17949962 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) stimulates heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) induction through p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p44/p42 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol found in green tea, affects the induction of HSP27 in these cells and the mechanism. EGCG significantly reduced the HSP27 induction stimulated by PGD2 without affecting the levels of HSP70. The PGD2-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase or SAPK/JNK was not affected by EGCG. On the contrary, EGCG markedly suppressed the PGD2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and MEK1/2. However, the PGD2-induced phosphorylation of Raf-1 was not inhibited by EGCG. These results strongly suggest that EGCG suppresses the PGD2-stimulated induction of HSP27 at the point between Raf-1 and MEK1/2 in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Tokuda H, Takai S, Hanai Y, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Hosoi T, Harada A, Ohta T, Kozawa O. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses endothelin-1-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: inhibition of p44/p42 MAP kinase activation. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1311-6. [PMID: 17350626 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase plays a part in the IL-6 synthesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major flavonoids containing in green tea, on ET-1-induced IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts and the underlying mechanism. EGCG significantly reduced the synthesis of IL-6 stimulated by ET-1 in MC3T3-E1 cells as well primary cultured mouse osteoblasts. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, but not SP600125, a specific SAPK/JNK inhibitor, suppressed ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. ET-1-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase was not affected by EGCG. On the other hand, EGCG suppressed the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by ET-1. Both the IL-6 synthesis and the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a direct activator of PKC, were markedly suppressed by EGCG. The phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and Raf-1 induced by ET-1 or TPA were also inhibited by EGCG. These results strongly suggest that EGCG inhibits ET-1-stimulated synthesis of IL-6 via suppression of p44/p42 MAP kinase pathway in osteoblasts, and the inhibitory effect is exerted at a point between PKC and Raf-1 in the ET-1 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan.
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Jugdaohsingh R, O'Connell MA, Sripanyakorn S, Powell JJ. Moderate alcohol consumption and increased bone mineral density: potential ethanol and non-ethanol mechanisms. Proc Nutr Soc 2007; 65:291-310. [PMID: 16923313 DOI: 10.1079/pns2006508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mounting epidemiological evidence indicates an association between the moderate ingestion of alcoholic beverages and higher bone mineral density (v. abstainers). More limited findings provide some evidence for translation of this association into reduced fracture risk, but further studies are required. Here, these data are reviewed and caveats in their assimilation, comparison and interpretation as well as in the use and application of bone health indices are discussed. Whilst it is concluded that evidence is now strong for the moderate alcohol-bone health association, at least in relation to bone mineral density, mechanisms are less clear. Both ethanol and non-ethanol components have been implicated as factors that positively affect bone health in the light of moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and four particular areas are discussed. First, recent findings suggest that moderate ethanol consumption acutely inhibits bone resorption, in a non-parathyroid hormone- and non-calcitonin-dependent fashion, which can only partly be attributed to an energy effect. Second, critical review of the literature does not support a role for moderate ethanol consumption affecting oestrogen status and leading to a knock-on effect on bone. Third, Si is present at high levels in certain alcoholic beverages, especially beer, and may have a measurable role in promoting bone formation. Fourth, a large body of work indicates that phytochemicals (e.g. polyphenols) from alcoholic beverages could influence bone health, but human data are lacking. With further work it is hoped to be able to model epidemiological observations and provide a clear pathway between the magnitude of association and the relative contribution of these mechanisms for the major classes of alcoholic beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jugdaohsingh
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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33
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Tokuda H, Takai S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Akamatsu S, Hanai Y, Hosoi T, Harada A, Ohta T, Kozawa O. (−)-epigallocatechin gallate enhances prostaglandin F2α-induced VEGF synthesis via upregulating SAPK/JNK activation in osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1146-53. [PMID: 17031857 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Catechin, one of the major flavonoids presented in plants such as tea, reportedly suppresses bone resorption. We previously reported that prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) stimulates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. To clarify the mechanism of catechin effect on osteoblasts, we investigated the effect of (--)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, on the VEGF synthesis by PGF(2alpha) in MC3T3-E1 cells. The PGF(2alpha)-induced VEGF synthesis was significantly enhanced by EGCG. The amplifying effect of EGCG was dose dependent between 10 and 100 microM. EGCG did not affect the PGF(2alpha)-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, and SP600125, a specific inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), reduced the PGF(2alpha)-induced VEGF synthesis. EGCG markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK induced by PGF(2alpha) without affecting the PGF(2alpha)-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. SP600125 markedly reduced the amplification by EGCG of the SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. In addition, the PGF(2alpha)-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun was amplified by EGCG. These results strongly suggest that EGCG upregulate PGF(2alpha)-stimulated VEGF synthesis resulting from amplifying activation of SAPK/JNK in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
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Rival C, Theas MS, Guazzone VA, Lustig L. Interleukin-6 and IL-6 receptor cell expression in testis of rats with autoimmune orchitis. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 70:43-58. [PMID: 16458979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is an organ-specific model of autoimmunity characterized by an interstitial lymphomononuclear cell infiltrate as well as sloughing and apoptosis of germ cells. EAO was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by active immunization with testicular homogenate and adjuvants. Rats injected with saline solution and adjuvants were used as control group. The aim of this work was to study the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its receptor (IL-6R) in the testis of rats with EAO and analyze whether IL-6 could be involved in germ cell apoptosis. By immunohistochemistry, we detected IL-6 expression in testicular macrophages and Leydig cells of control and EAO rats. Sertoli cells showed IL-6 immunoreactivity in most of the seminiferous tubules of control rats, while a few IL-6+ Sertoli cells were found in the testis of rats with EAO. IL-6R immunoreactivity was observed in macrophages, Leydig and germ cells. A significant increase was noted in the number of IL-6R+ germ cells in rats with EAO compared to control rats. The content of IL-6 (ELISA) in the conditioned media obtained from testicular macrophages of rats with orchitis was significantly higher than in the control group. By immunofluorescence performed on isolated testicular macrophages, IL-6 was shown to be expressed by monocytes recently arrived from circulation (ED1+ cells), while resident macrophages (ED2+ cells) were negative. In vitro experiments (trypan blue and MTS assays) showed that IL-6 (50 ng/ml) reduced germ cell viability. We demonstrated also using the TUNEL technique that IL-6 added to cultures of seminiferous tubule segments induced apoptosis of germ cells. Our results suggest that IL-6 and IL-6R may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune orchitis by promoting testicular inflammation and germ cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rival
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, C1121 ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Singal A, Tirkey N, Chopra K. Reversal of LPS-induced immobility in mice by green tea polyphenols: possible COX-2 mechanism. Phytother Res 2004; 18:723-8. [PMID: 15478205 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is known to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical axis, as well as norepinephrine and indolamine metabolism. Systemically administered LPS produces depression in the forced swimming-induced despair behaviour model in mice. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on LPS-induced despair behaviour and to explore the mechanism involved in modulation of LPS-induced immobility by GTE. GTE (10-100 mg/kg) pretreatment reversed LPS-induced immobility in a dose-dependent manner. Rofecoxib (2 mg/kg) and nimesulide (2 mg/kg), COX-2 inhibitors, also reversed the LPS-induced immobility, which was significantly potentiated by concomitant administration of GTE. On the other hand, GTE did not show any potentiating effect on immobility with naproxen (10 mg/kg), which is a nonselective COX blocker. Interestingly the antioxidant, carvedilol (2 mg/kg) did not produce any effect on immobility either in normal or in LPS treated mice. The results of the study implicate the role of COX-2 inhibition by GTE in the reversal of LPS-induced immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
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