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Musolino M, Fleming IN, Schweiger LF, O'Hagan D, Dall'Angelo S, Zanda M. Synthesis, Radiosynthesis, and
in vitro
Studies on Novel Hypoxia PET Tracers Incorporating [
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F]FDR. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Musolino
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre University of Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Aberdeen Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Ian N. Fleming
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre University of Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Aberdeen Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Lutz F. Schweiger
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre University of Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Aberdeen Scotland United Kingdom
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences University of St. Andrews KY16 9ST North Haugh, St Andrews Fife Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre University of Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Aberdeen Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre University of Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Aberdeen Scotland United Kingdom
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC) via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
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Mondal A, Paira P. Hypoxia efficient and glutathione-resistant cytoselective ruthenium(ii)-p-cymene-arylimidazophenanthroline complexes: biomolecular interaction and live cell imaging. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12865-12878. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium(ii)–arene-2-arylimidazophenanthroline based DNA targeting, cytoselective, hypoxia efficient and glutathione-resistant luminescent anticancer drugs have been developed which are also represented as HeLa cell imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaparna Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- School of advanced sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry
- School of advanced sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
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Filipczak N, Jaromin A, Piwoni A, Mahmud M, Sarisozen C, Torchilin V, Gubernator J. A Triple Co-Delivery Liposomal Carrier That Enhances Apoptosis via an Intrinsic Pathway in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121982. [PMID: 31835393 PMCID: PMC6966600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of existing anti-cancer therapies is based mainly on the stimulation of apoptosis of cancer cells. Most of the existing therapies are somewhat toxic to normal cells. Therefore, the quest for nontoxic, cancer-specific therapies remains. We have demonstrated the ability of liposomes containing anacardic acid, mitoxantrone and ammonium ascorbate to induce the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the killing of cancer cells in monolayer culture and shown its specificity towards melanoma cells. Liposomes were prepared by a lipid hydration, freeze-and-thaw (FAT) procedure and extrusion through polycarbonate filters, a remote loading method was used for dug encapsulation. Following characterization, hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effects of loaded nanoparticles were investigated. To identify the anticancer activity mechanism of these liposomes, ROS level and caspase 9 activity were measured by fluorescence and by chemiluminescence respectively. We have demonstrated that the developed liposomal formulations produced a high ROS level, enhanced apoptosis and cell death in melanoma cells, but not in normal cells. The proposed mechanism of the cytotoxic action of these liposomes involved specific generation of free radicals by the iron ions mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filipczak
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-713-756-318
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Adriana Piwoni
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Mohamed Mahmud
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Misurata, Misurata 2478, Libya
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
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Filippi M, Nguyen DV, Garello F, Perton F, Bégin-Colin S, Felder-Flesch D, Power L, Scherberich A. Metronidazole-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for molecular detection of hypoxic tissues. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22559-22574. [PMID: 31746914 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08436c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Being crucial under several pathological conditions, tumors, and tissue engineering, the MRI tracing of hypoxia within cells and tissues would be improved by the use of nanosystems allowing for direct recognition of low oxygenation and further treatment-oriented development. In the present study, we functionalized dendron-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (dendronized IONPs) with a bioreductive compound, a metronidazole-based ligand, to specifically detect the hypoxic tissues. Spherical IONPs with an average size of 10 nm were obtained and then decorated with the new metronidazole-conjugated dendron. The resulting nanoparticles (metro-NPs) displayed negligible effects on cell viability, proliferation, and metabolism, in both monolayer and 3D cell culture models, and a good colloidal stability in bio-mimicking media, as shown by DLS. Overtime quantitative monitoring of the IONP cell content revealed an enhanced intracellular retention of metro-NPs under anoxic conditions, confirmed by the in vitro MRI of cell pellets where a stronger negative contrast generation was observed in hypoxic primary stem cells and tumor cells after labeling with metro-NPs. Overall, these results suggest desirable properties in terms of interactions with the biological environment and capability of selective accumulation into the hypoxic tissue, and indicate that metro-NPs have considerable potential for the development of new nano-platforms especially in the field of anoxia-related diseases and tissue engineered models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123, Allschwil, Basel, Switzerland.
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Li J, Chen H, Zeng L, Rees TW, Xiong K, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Mitochondria-targeting cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes for tumor hypoxic imaging and therapy. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The organometallic anthraquinone iridium(iii) complexes display an efficient turn-on phosphorescence response to hypoxia. The complexes can induce cell apoptosis in HeLa cells via mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3 activation making them excellent candidates as theranostic agents for hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Leli Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Thomas W. Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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Hameed S, Bhattarai P, Dai Z. Nanotherapeutic approaches targeting angiogenesis and immune dysfunction in tumor microenvironment. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:380-391. [PMID: 29607461 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) comprising cellular and non-cellular components is a major source of cancer hallmarks. Notably, angiogenesis responsible for normal physiological remodeling process can otherwise harness vessel abnormalities during tumorigenesis eliciting severe therapeutic inefficiency. Currently, FDA approved antiangiogenic drugs have only shown modest clinical success owing to tumor hypoxia, antiangiogenic therapeutic resistance, and limited knowledge in understanding TME. In order to overcome these limitations, targeting angiogenesis combined with immunosuppressive TME could offer potential therapeutic opportunities. Indeed, these therapeutic approaches can be further revisited with the advent of nanotechnology that can target the key cellular components of TME and tumor cells more precisely. Synergetic targeting without eliciting systemic toxicity achieved by integration of antiangiogenic and immunotherapy in a single nanoplatform is vital for therapeutic success. In this review, we will discuss the most promising nanotechnological advancements oriented to modulate the immunosuppressive TME in association with antiangiogenic therapy that has gained immense popularity in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pravin Bhattarai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Zhou H, Gao J, Chen Z, Duan S, Li C, Qiao R. Double-strand cleavage of DNA by a polyamide-phenazine-di-N-oxide conjugate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:284-288. [PMID: 29292228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenazine and its derivatives have been widely applied as nucleic acid cleavage agents due to active oxygen activating the C-H bond of the substrate. However, diffusion of oxygen radicals limits their potential applications in the DNA-targeted metal-free drug. Introduction of groove binder moiety such as polyamide enhanced the regional stability of radical molecules and reduced cytotoxicity of the drugs. In this work, we described the design and synthesis of a polyamide-modified phenazine-di-N-oxide as a DNA double-strand cleavage agent. The gel assays showed the hybrid conjugates can effectively break DNA double strands in a non-random manner under physiological conditions. The probable binding mode to DNA was investigated by sufficient spectral experiments, revealing weak interaction between hybrid ligand and nucleic acid molecules. The results of our study have implications on the design of groove-binding hybrid molecules as new artificial nucleases and may provide a strategy for developing efficient and safe DNA cleavage reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Juanhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhaohang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Renzhong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Abstract
Nitroimidazoles and their derivatives have drawn continuing interest over the years because of their varied biological activities and their recently found applications in drug development for antimicrobial chemotherapeutics and antiangiogenic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. The electron-deficient nitroaromatic compounds have been investigated for use in cancer treatment as chemical modifiers. In this patent (US 2014/0141084 A1), amphiphilic polymers were designed and prepared based on nitroimidazole derivatives and carboxymethyl dextran, which can be used for the hypoxia-selective release of diagnostics or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , PR, China . +86 25 8359 2672 ; +86 25 8359 2672 ; ;
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Cheng W, Zhu S, Ma X, Qiu N, Peng P, Sheng R, Hu Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-(nitroimidazole-1H-alkyloxyl)-4-anilinoquinazolines as efficient EGFR inhibitors exerting cytotoxic effects both under normoxia and hypoxia. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:826-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vartanian A, Singh SK, Agnihotri S, Jalali S, Burrell K, Aldape KD, Zadeh G. GBM's multifaceted landscape: highlighting regional and microenvironmental heterogeneity. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1167-75. [PMID: 24642524 PMCID: PMC4136895 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that show variable proliferative potential, invasiveness, aggressiveness, histological grading, and clinical behavior. In this review, we focus on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV glioma, which is the most common and malignant of primary adult brain tumors. Research over the past several decades has revealed the existence of extensive cellular, molecular, genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic heterogeneity among tumors of the same grade and even within individual tumors. Evaluation of different tumor types has shown that tumors with advanced grade and clinical aggressiveness also display enhanced molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental heterogeneity. From a therapeutic standpoint, this heterogeneity is a major clinical hurdle for devising effective therapeutic strategies for patients and challenges personalized medicine. In this review, we will highlight key aspects of GBM heterogeneity, directing special attention to regional heterogeneity, hypoxia, genomic heterogeneity, tumor-specific metabolic reprogramming, neovascularization or angiogenesis, and stromal immune cells. We will further discuss the clinical implications of GBM heterogeneity in the context of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenoush Vartanian
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Shahrzad Jalali
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Kelly Burrell
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
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Synthesis, in vitro aerobic and hypoxic cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing activity of novel metronidazole tethered 5-fluorouracil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:76. [PMID: 24359860 PMCID: PMC3914007 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background and the purpose of the study Several 2, 4-dinitrophenyl and 2,4-dinitrophenylamine tethered 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) compared to their components have shown minimal or no cytotoxicity to HT-29 cell line under aerobic conditions but high cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects under hypoxic conditions. In the present study the cytotoxicity and radiation potentiation of three novel analogues of these compounds by replacing 2,4-dinitrophenyl moiety with 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, a known radiosensitizer and cytotoxic agent was investigated. Methods Tethered compounds 7–9 were prepared by the reaction of 1-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-5-fluorouracil 6 with metronidazole esters 2–4 followed by removal of the t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group. Cytotoxicity of compounds in HT-29 cells with or without radiation were determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), propidium iodide (PI)-digitonin and clonogenic assays. Results Tethered compounds 7–9 induced time-and concentration–dependent cytotoxicity under hypoxia but had no significant effect under aerobic conditions. These compounds also showed selective and concentration- dependent radiosensitization effects under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion Tethered compounds 7–9 compared to 5-FU 5 showed minimal cytotoxicities under aerobic and selective radiosensitizing activities under hypoxic conditions. Also effects of these compounds were higher than those of metronidazole 1 which is a known cytotoxin and radiosensitizer under hypoxic conditions.
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Akimoto M, Nagasawa H, Hori H, Uto Y, Honma Y, Takenaga K. An inhibitor of HIF-α subunit expression suppresses hypoxia-induced dedifferentiation of human NSCLC into cancer stem cell-like cells. World J Med Genet 2013; 3:41-54. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v3.i4.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether hypoxia induces dedifferentiation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and whether a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibitor is able to suppress the process.
METHODS: Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and squamous carcinoma QG56 cells were cultured under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (4% or 1% O2) conditions. The expression of the following genes were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence: HIF-1α and HIF-2α subunits; differentiation marker genes, namely surfactant protein C (SP-C) (type II alveolar cell marker), CC10 (type I alveolar cell marker) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) (Clara cell marker); and stem cell-associated genes, namely CD133, OCT4, and Musashi-1 (MSI1). The tumor sphere-forming ability of the cells was evaluated by culturing them in serum-free growth factor-rich medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). CD133 expression in hypoxic regions in A549 tumors was examined by double-immunostaining of tissue cryosections with an anti-2-nitroimidazole EF5 antibody and an anti-CD133 antibody. The metastatic ability of A549 cells was examined macroscopically and histologically after injecting them into the tail vein of immunocompromised mice.
RESULTS: A549 cells primarily expressed SP-C, and QG56 cells expressed CC10 and AQP5. Exposure of A549 cells to hypoxia resulted in a marked down-regulation of SP-C and upregulation of CD133, OCT4, and MSI1 in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, hypoxia mimetics, namely desferrioxamine and cobalt chloride, elicited similar effects. Ectopic expression of the constitutively active HIF-1α subunit also caused the downregulation of SP-C and upregulation of CD133 and MSI1 but not OCT4, which is a direct target of HIF-2. Hypoxia enhanced the sphere-forming activity of A549 cells in serum-free medium containing EGF and FGF. Similarly, hypoxia downregulated the expression of CC10 and AQP5 genes and upregulated CD133, OCT4, and MSI1 genes in QG56 cells. TX-402 (3-amino-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile 1, 4-dioxide), which is a small molecule inhibitor of the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α subunits under hypoxic conditions, inhibited the upregulation of SP-C and hypoxia-induced down-regulation of CD133, OCT4, and MSI1. Notably, TX-402 significantly suppressed the hypoxia-enhanced lung-colonizing ability of A549 cells.
CONCLUSION: Hypoxia induces the de-differentiation of NSCLC cells into cancer stem cell-like cells, and HIF inhibitors are promising agents to prevent this process.
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Khalaj A, Abdi K, Ostad SN, Khoshayand MR, Lamei N, Nedaie HA. Synthesis,In VitroCytotoxicity and Radiosensitizing Activity of Novel 3-[(2,4-Dinitrophenylamino)Alkyl] Derivatives of 5-Fluorouracil. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:183-90. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Drug Design & Development Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Radiopharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoshayand
- Department of Drug and Food Control; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Navid Lamei
- Drug Design & Development Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hasan Ali Nedaie
- Department of Radiotherapy; Oncology Cancer Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Yasui H, Asanuma T, Kino J, Yamamori T, Meike S, Nagane M, Kubota N, Kuwabara M, Inanami O. The prospective application of a hypoxic radiosensitizer, doranidazole to rat intracranial glioblastoma with blood brain barrier disruption. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:106. [PMID: 23496909 PMCID: PMC3599813 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is one of the intractable cancers and is highly resistant to ionizing radiation. This radioresistance is partly due to the presence of a hypoxic region which is widely found in advanced malignant gliomas. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the hypoxic cell sensitizer doranidazole (PR-350) using the C6 rat glioblastoma model, focusing on the status of blood brain barrier (BBB). Methods Reproductive cell death in the rat C6 glioma cell line was determined by means of clonogenic assay. An intracranial C6 glioma model was established for the in vivo experiments. To investigate the status of the BBB in C6 glioma bearing brain, we performed the Evans blue extravasation test. Autoradiography with [14C]-doranidazole was performed to examine the distribution of doranidazole in the glioma tumor. T2-weighted MRI was employed to examine the effects of X-irradiation and/or doranidazole on tumor growth. Results Doranidazole significantly enhanced radiation-induced reproductive cell death in vitro under hypoxia, but not under normoxia. The BBB in C6-bearing brain was completely disrupted and [14C]-doranidazole specifically penetrated the tumor regions. Combined treatment with X-irradiation and doranidazole significantly inhibited the growth of C6 gliomas. Conclusions Our results revealed that BBB disruption in glioma enables BBB-impermeable radiosensitizers to penetrate and distribute in the target region. This study is the first to propose that in malignant glioma the administration of hydrophilic hypoxic radiosensitizers could be a potent strategy for improving the clinical outcome of radiotherapy without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Hori H, Nazumi Y, Uto Y. Boron Tracedrug Design for Neutron Dynamic Therapeutics for LDL. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 789:385-389. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Abdi K, Khalaj A, Ostad SN, Khoshayand MR. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitising activity of synthesized dinitrophenyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:3. [PMID: 23226112 PMCID: PMC3514535 DOI: 10.1186/1560-8115-20-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Dual functional agents in which nitroaromatic or nitroheterocyclic compounds are attached through a linker unit to mustards and aziridines have shown higher cytotoxicities than the corresponding counterparts to both aerobic and hypoxic cells and enhanced radiosensitizing activity. In the present investigation cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing activity of 2,4-dinitrobenzyl, 2,4-dinitrobenzoyl, and 2,4-dinitrophenacetyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil which was assumed to release cytotoxic active quinone methidide and 5-fluorouracil under hypoxic conditions on HT-29 cell line under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions was investigated. METHODS 5-fluorouracil derivative X-XIII were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding di-nitro substituted benzyl, benzoyl and phenacetyl halides with 5-fluorouracil protected at N-1 with di-t-butoxydicarbonate (BOC) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) in the presence of the potassium carbonate followed by hydrolysis of the blocking group by potassium carbonate in methanol. Cytotoxicity of fluorouracil VIII and tested compounds X-XIII against HT-29 cell line under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions after 48 hrs incubation were measured by determination of the percent of the survival cells using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and percent of the dead cells using propidium iodide(PI)-digitonine assay and results were used to calculate the corresponding IC(50) values. Radiosensitization experiments were carried out by irradiation of the incubations with a (60)Co source and clonogenic assay was performed to determine the cell viabilities following treatment with the tested compounds and/or radiation. Sensitization Enhancement Ratio (SER) of each tested compound was obtained from the radiation survival curves in the absence and presence of each sensitizer for 37% survival respectively. RESULTS AND MAJOR CONCLUSION Findings of the present study showed that alkylation or acylation of 5-fluorouracil result in compounds which have little or no cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing activity under aerobic conditions, but have high cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore radiosensitizing activities of compounds under hypoxic conditions increased by increase in their concentrations and SER of the tested 5-FU derivatives at concentrations higher than 50 μmol were equal or higher than 1.6 which is the minimum effective SER of a radiosensitizer in an in vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran
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Wuest M, Kumar P, Wang M, Yang J, Jans HS, Wiebe LI. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of [(18)F]F-GAZ, a novel oxygen-mimetic azomycin-glucose conjugate, for imaging hypoxic tumor. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:473-80. [PMID: 22746267 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several F-18-labeled 2-nitroimidazole (azomycin) derivatives have been proposed for imaging hypoxia using positron emission tomography (PET). Their cell penetration is based on passive diffusion, which limits their intracellular concentration maxima. The purpose of this study was to investigate the uptake of N-(2-[(18)F]fluoro-3-(6-O-glucosyl)propyl-azomycin ([(18)F]F-GAZ), a new azomycin-glucose conjugate, in vitro and in vivo. [(18)F]F-GAZ was synthesized from its tetraacetyl nosylate precursor by nucleophilic radiofluorination. [(18)F]F-GAZ was evaluated in vivo in EMT-6 tumor-bearing Balb/C mice utilizing the PET and biodistribution analysis. In vitro uptake of [(18)F]FDG by EMT-6 cells was measured in the presence of unlabeled F-GAZ, 2-FDG, and D-glucose. [(18)F]F-GAZ was rapidly cleared from all tissues, including the blood pool and kidneys, with ultimate accumulation in the urinary bladder. Uptake of tracer doses of [(18)F]F-GAZ into EMT-6 tumors was fast, reaching a standardized uptake value of 0.66±0.05 within 5-6 minutes postinjection (p.i.), and decreased to 0.24±0.04 by 60 minutes p.i. (n=6). A tumor-muscle ratio of 1.87±0.18 was observed after 60 minutes. Total uptake of [(18)F]F-GAZ in tumors (60 minutes) amounted to 1.25%±0.15% ID/g versus 0.61%±0.14% ID/g (n=4) in muscle. Similar biodistribution and excretion were observed using carrier-added (100 mg/kg) doses of F-GAZ. In vitro, D-glucose and unlabeled 2-FDG were two orders of magnitude more potent than F-GAZ as competitive inhibitors of [(18)F]FDG uptake into EMT-6 cells. Besides its interaction with glucose transporters, F-GAZ seems to be not transported in the presence of glucose. Furthermore, [(18)F]F-GAZ is unlikely to be effective as a hypoxia imaging agent. The low in vivo toxicity and substantial retention in tumor observed at high doses of F-GAZ do provide rationale for further testing as a radiosensitizer for external beam radiation therapy of radioresistant, hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Shigenaga A, Ogura K, Hirakawa H, Yamamoto J, Ebisuno K, Miyamoto L, Ishizawa K, Tsuchiya K, Otaka A. Development of a Reduction-Responsive Amino Acid that Induces Peptide Bond Cleavage in Hypoxic Cells. Chembiochem 2012; 13:968-71. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Boron Tracedrug: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Activity of Phenolic BODIPY-Containing Antioxidants as Traceable Next-Generation Drug Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1566-4_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Hattori H, Okuda K, Murase T, Shigetsura Y, Narise K, Semenza GL, Nagasawa H. Isolation, identification, and biological evaluation of HIF-1-modulating compounds from Brazilian green propolis. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5392-401. [PMID: 21865046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, low-nutrient levels, and acidosis. A natural product chemistry-based approach was used to discover small molecules that modulate adaptive responses to a hypoxic microenvironment through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathways. Five compounds, such as baccharin (3), beturetol (4), kaempferide (5), isosakuranetin (6), and drupanin (9), that modulate HIF-1-dependent luciferase activity were identified from Brazilian green propolis using reporter assay. Compounds 3, 9 and 5 reduced HIF-1-dependent luciferase activity. The cinnamic acid derivatives 3 and 9 significantly inhibited expression of the HIF-1α protein and HIF-1 downstream target genes such as glucose transporter 1, hexokinase 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. They also exhibited significant anti-angiogenic effects in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay at doses of 300 ng/CAM. On the other hand, flavonoids 4 and 6 induced HIF-1-dependent luciferase activity and expression of HIF-1 target genes under hypoxia. The contents (g/100g extract) of the HIF-1-modulating compounds in whole propolis ethanol extracts were also determined based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry as 1.6 (3), 14.2 (4), 4.0 (5), 0.7 (6), and 0.7 (9), respectively. These small molecules screened from Brazilian green propolis may be useful as lead compounds for the development of novel therapies against ischemic cardiovascular disease and cancer based on their ability to induce or inhibit HIF-1 activity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Hattori
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Li SX, Zhang DH, Fun HK, Hemamalini M. 4-(2-{2-[2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]eth-oxy}eth-oxy)benzaldehyde. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1206. [PMID: 21754505 PMCID: PMC3089305 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811014322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(16)H(19)N(3)O(6), the imidazole ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.002 (2) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 5.08 (14)° with the nitro group. In the crystal structure, adjacent mol-ecules are connected via inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into columns parallel to the a axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Handan College, Handan, Hebei Province 056005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Hai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Handan College, Handan, Hebei Province 056005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Madhukar Hemamalini
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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Nagasawa H. Pathophysiological response to hypoxia - from the molecular mechanisms of malady to drug discovery: drug discovery for targeting the tumor microenvironment. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:446-52. [PMID: 21422725 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10r25fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, characterized by regions of hypoxia, low nutrition, and acidosis due to incomplete blood vessel networks, has been recognized as a major factor that influences not only the response to conventional anti-cancer therapies but also malignant progression and metastasis. However, exploiting such a cumbersome tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment could provide tumor-specific therapeutic approaches. In particular, hypoxia is now considered a fundamentally important characteristic of the tumor microenvironment in which hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-mediated gene regulation is considered essential for angiogenesis and tumor development. Additional oxygen sensitive signaling pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and signaling through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) also contribute to the adaptation in the tumor microenvironment. This in turn has led to the current extensive interest in the signal molecules related to adaptive responses in the tumor microenvironment as potential molecular targets for cancer therapy against refractory cancer and recurrence in preparation for the aging society. Therefore, we should focus on the drug discovery for targeting the tumor microenvironment to develop tumor-specific cytostatic agents including angiogenesis inhibitors. In this paper, the development of hypoxia-selective prodrugs, HIF-1 inhibitors, and modulators of the tumor microenvironment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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Qu Y, Spain JC. Catabolic pathway for 2-nitroimidazole involves a novel nitrohydrolase that also confers drug resistance. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:1010-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Min KH, Kim JH, Bae SM, Shin H, Kim MS, Park S, Lee H, Park RW, Kim IS, Kim K, Kwon IC, Jeong SY, Lee DS. Tumoral acidic pH-responsive MPEG-poly(β-amino ester) polymeric micelles for cancer targeting therapy. J Control Release 2010; 144:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kumar P, Naimi E, McEwan AJ, Wiebe LI. Synthesis, radiofluorination, and hypoxia-selective studies of FRAZ: A configurational and positional analogue of the clinical hypoxia marker, [18F]-FAZA. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2255-2264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Design of Novel Hypoxia-Targeting IDO Hybrid Inhibitors Conjugated with an Unsubstituted L-TRP as an IDO Affinity Moiety. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 662:415-21. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hypoxia-targeting by tirapazamine (TPZ) induces preferential growth inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with Chk1/2 activation. Invest New Drugs 2009; 29:401-10. [PMID: 20013349 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is commonly developed in solid tumors, which contributes to metastasis as well as radio- and chemo-resistance. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive and metastatic head and neck cancer prevalent in Southeast Asia with a high incidence rate of 15-30/100,000 persons/year (comparable to that of pancreatic cancer in the US). Previous clinical studies in NPC showed that hypoxia is detected in almost 100% of primary tumors and overexpression of hypoxia markers correlated with poor clinical outcome. Tirapazamine (TPZ) is a synthetic hypoxia-activated prodrug, which preferentially forms cytotoxic and DNA-damaging free radicals under hypoxia, thus selectively eradicate hypoxic cells. Here, we hypothesized that specific hypoxia-targeting by this clinical trial agent may be therapeutic for NPC. Our findings demonstrated that under hypoxia, TPZ was able to induce preferential growth inhibition of NPC cells, which was associated with marked cell cycle arrest at S-phase and PARP cleavage (a hallmark of apoptosis). Examination of S-phase checkpoint regulators revealed that Chk1 and Chk2 were selectively activated by TPZ in NPC cells under hypoxia. Hypoxia-selectivity of TPZ was also demonstrated by preferential downregulation of several important hypoxia-induced markers (HIF-1α, CA IX and VEGF) under hypoxia. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TPZ was equally effective and hypoxia-selective even in the presence of the EBV oncoprotein, LMP1 or the EBV genome. In summary, encouraging results from this proof-of-concept study implicate the therapeutic potential of hypoxia-targeting approaches for the treatment of NPC.
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Design of a bioreductively-activated fluorescent pH probe for tumor hypoxia imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6952-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kizaka-Kondoh S, Konse-Nagasawa H. Significance of nitroimidazole compounds and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 for imaging tumor hypoxia. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1366-73. [PMID: 19459851 PMCID: PMC11158459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor-specific microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, in which oxygen tension is considerably lower than in normal tissues. The hypoxic status of various solid tumors has been attributed as an indicator of adverse prognosis due to tumor progression toward a more malignant phenotype with increased metastatic potential and resistance to treatment. Various exogenous and endogenous markers for hypoxia are currently available and studied in relation to each other, tumor architecture, and tumor microenvironment. Over the last few decades, various methods have been suggested to assess the level of oxygenation in solid tumors. Among them, nitroimidazole compounds have provided promising information on tumor hypoxia. To quantify the extent of hypoxia requires that nitroimidazole binding be primarily dependent on oxygen concentration as well as nitroreductase levels in the tumor cells. Furthermore, recent progress in molecular biology has highlighted a transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, whose activity is induced by hypoxia. HIF-1 plays a central role in malignant progression by inducing the expression of various genes, whose functions are strongly associated with malignant alteration of the entire tumor. The cellular changes induced by HIF-1 are extremely important therapeutic targets of cancer therapy, particularly in the therapy against refractory cancers. In this review, we will discuss the significance of pimonidazole and HIF-1 as exogenous and endogenous hypoxia markers, respectively, as well as their evaluation and imaging of tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- Innovative Techno-Hub for Integrated Medical Bio-imaging, Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Synthesis and radiolabeling of new N-[(4-[18F]Fluorobenzylidene) aminooxy) alkyl]-2-nitroimidazoles as possible hypoxia imaging pharmaceuticals. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bischoff P, Altmeyer A, Dumont F. Radiosensitising agents for the radiotherapy of cancer: advances in traditional and hypoxia targeted radiosensitisers. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:643-62. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770902824172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ciciani G, Coronnello M, Guerrini G, Selleri S, Cantore M, Failli P, Mini E, Costanzo A. Synthesis of new pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4] benzotriazines, pyrazolo[5,1-c]pyrido[4,3-e][1,2,4] triazines and their open analogues as cytotoxic agents in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9409-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu Y, Liu R, Mao SC, Morgan JB, Jekabsons MB, Zhou YD, Nagle DG. Molecular-targeted antitumor agents. 19. Furospongolide from a marine Lendenfeldia sp. sponge inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activation in breast tumor cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1854-60. [PMID: 18989978 PMCID: PMC2893247 DOI: 10.1021/np800342s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A natural product chemistry-based approach was employed to discover small-molecule inhibitors of the important tumor-selective molecular target hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Bioassay-guided isolation of an active lipid extract of a Saipan collection of the marine sponge Lendenfeldia sp. afforded the terpene-derived furanolipid furospongolide as the primary inhibitor of hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation (IC(50) 2.9 μM, T47D breast tumor cells). The active component of the extract also contained one new cytotoxic scalarane sesterterpene and two previously reported scalaranes. Furospongolide blocked the induction of the downstream HIF-1 target secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and was shown to suppress HIF-1 activation by inhibiting the hypoxic induction of HIF-1α protein. Mechanistic studies indicate that furospongolide inhibits HIF-1 activity primarily by suppressing tumor cell respiration via the blockade of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I)-mediated mitochondrial electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Li SX, Zhu L, Li HM, Fun HK, Chantrapromma S. 1,2-Bis[2-(2-nitro-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]ethane. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1690. [PMID: 21201679 PMCID: PMC2960585 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808023726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the crystal structure, the title compound, C12H16N6O6, lies on an inversion centre. The molecule has an antiperiplanar conformation with respect to the C—C bond of the central ethane unit and the two imidazole rings are parallel to each other. The dihedral angle between the imidazole ring and the mean plane of the C and O atoms of the bis(ethoxy)ethane group is 76.04 (6)°. The molecules are stacked along the c axis through a weak C—H⋯O interaction and a π⋯π interaction between the imidazole rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.5162 (6) Å. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also present.
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Li SX, Li HM, Lu ZL, Fun HK, Chantrapromma S. O-( tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)tris( O-4-methylphenylsulfonyl)pentaerythritol. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1472-3. [PMID: 21203186 PMCID: PMC2962104 DOI: 10.1107/s160053680802117x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound [systematic name: (tert-butyldimethylsilyl)methanetriyl tris(4-methylbenzenesulfonate)], C32H44O10S3Si, the central C atom and the SiIV center are in a tetrahedral configuration. The interplanar angles between pairs of the three benzene rings of the 4-methylphenylsulfonyl units are 41.15 (10), 18.11 (10) and 44.09 (10)°. C—H⋯π interactions are observed in the crystal structure. Molecules are linked into screw chains along the b axis by weak C—H⋯O interactions. Weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are also present.
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Nakayama S, Uto Y, Tanimoto K, Okuno Y, Sasaki Y, Nagasawa H, Nakata E, Arai K, Momose K, Fujita T, Hashimoto T, Okamoto Y, Asakawa Y, Goto S, Hori H. TX-2152: A conformationally rigid and electron-rich diyne analogue of FTY720 with in vivo antiangiogenic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7705-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tao J, Liu YQ, Li Y, Peng JL, Li L, Liu J, Shen X, Shen GX, Tu YT. Hypoxia: dual effect on the expression of transferrin receptor in human melanoma A375 cell line. Exp Dermatol 2008; 16:899-904. [PMID: 17927572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) is a common feature of human malignancies. Therapeutic strategies designed to interfere with tumor iron metabolism have targeted TfR. In previous studies, our laboratory successfully constructed the human-mouse chimeric antibody against TfR and it displayed a tumor-specificity distribution, and has a strong anti-tumor effect. We also found that there were still some limitations to anti-tumor effect in vivo. Oxygen and iron have a very tight relationship, and hypoxia is considered a fundamentally important characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. To exploit the target molecule TfR more rationally and effectively, we were prompted to explore TfR expression under hypoxia. OBJECTIVE To examine the expressing alteration of TfR of human melanoma A375 cell line under hypoxia at various time points (0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h). DESIGN The expressing alteration of TfR of A375 cell line under hypoxia at various time points (0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h) was assayed by flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Hypoxia has dual effect on the expression of TfR in human melanoma A375 cell line. CONCLUSIONS These findings may have important implications for more rational, individualized gene-based therapy using TfR as target receptor in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nakae T, Uto Y, Tanaka M, Shibata H, Nakata E, Tominaga M, Maezawa H, Hashimoto T, Kirk KL, Nagasawa H, Hori H. Design, synthesis, and radiosensitizing activities of sugar-hybrid hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:675-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Boron. J Diet Suppl 2008; 5:62-94. [DOI: 10.1080/19390210802329352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schiffelers RM, Fens MH, van Blijswijk JM, Bink DI, Storm G. Targeting the retinal microcirculation to treat diabetic sight problems. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:1493-502. [PMID: 18028012 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.11.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a secondary complication of hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus. The damage to the retina can ultimately cause vision loss as a result of increased capillary permeability and angiogenesis. Recent progress in the understanding of the mediators that drive angiogenesis, as well as the phenotypes of cells that are involved in this process, has provided a multitude of targets for pharmacologic intervention. This review presents the inhibitors of the biochemical processes that are at the root of diabetic retinopathy (i.e., non-enzymatic glycosylation of biomolecules, oxidative stress, activation of aldose reductase and activation of protein kinase C by formation of diacylglycerol) in addition to the inhibitors of the mechanical damage (i.e., increased vascular permeability, capillary occlusion and neovascularization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Schiffelers
- Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hatano B, Aikawa A, Katagiri H, Tagaya H, Takahashi H. Complexation of Some Phenol Hosts with QuinolineN-Oxide and the Structural Studies of Their Complexes by X-ray Crystallography. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Decreased oxygen availability is a common feature during embryonic development as well of malignant tumours. Hypoxia regulates many transcription factors, and one of the most studied is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). As a consequence of HIF stabilisation, the cell constitutively upregulates the hypoxic programme resulting in the expression of genes responsible for global changes in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, invasion, de-differentiation and energy metabolism. Of the three known alpha subunits of HIF transcription factors, HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha have been the most studied. Their differential expression and function have been widely discussed, however no clear picture has been drawn on how these two transcription factors differently regulate common and unique target genes. Their role as oncogenes has also been suggested in several studies. In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge on some of the most important aspects of HIFalpha regulation, its role in tumour angiogenesis and energetic metabolism. We also give an overview of how the modulation of HIF regulating pathways is a potential therapeutic target that may have benefits in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Calzada
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Wu XZ, Xie GR, Chen D. Hypoxia and hepatocellular carcinoma: The therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22:1178-82. [PMID: 17559361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia enhances proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); suppresses differentiation and apoptosis of HCC; and consequently leads to resistance of transarterial embolization (with or without chemotherapy). Because transarterial embolization contributes to angiogenesis via inducing hypoxia, therapy combined with transarterial embolization and antiangiogenic therapy provides a new strategy for the treatment of HCC. Unfortunately, hypoxia leads to the escape of HCC cells from transarterial embolization and antiangiogenic therapy. Thus combined therapy that induces and targets hypoxia may be of benefit to HCC patients. Because angiogenesis plays an important role in recurrence of HCC after resection, antiangiogenic therapy is beneficial to HCC patients following surgical resection of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Zhi Wu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Thomson P, Naylor MA, Stratford MRL, Lewis G, Hill S, Patel KB, Wardman P, Davis PD. Hypoxia-driven elimination of thiopurines from their nitrobenzyl prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4320-2. [PMID: 17517505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel bioreductive prodrug of 6-thioguanine, 2-amino-6-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-ylsulfanyl]-9H-purine, containing a gem-dimethyl thioether linkage, was synthesised and compared with its unsubstituted analogue. In A549 whole cell experiments hypoxia selective release of 6-thioguanine was observed with the substituted prodrug only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomson
- University of Oxford, Gray Cancer Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2JR, UK.
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Wardman P. Chemical radiosensitizers for use in radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007; 19:397-417. [PMID: 17478086 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiosensitizers are intended to enhance tumour cell killing while having much less effect on normal tissues. Some drugs target different physiological characteristics of the tumour, particularly hypoxia associated with radioresistance. Oxygen is the definitive hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, the large differential radiosensitivity of oxic vs hypoxic cells being an attractive factor. The combination of nicotinamide to reduce acute hypoxia with normobaric carbogen breathing is showing clinical promise. 'Electron-affinic' chemicals that react with DNA free radicals have the potential for universal activity to combat hypoxia-associated radioresistance; a nitroimidazole, nimorazole, is clinically effective at tolerable doses. Hypoxia-specific cytotoxins, such as tirapazamine, are valuable adjuncts to radiotherapy. Nitric oxide is a potent hypoxic cell radiosensitizer; variations in endogenous levels might have prognostic significance, and routes to deliver nitric oxide specifically to tumours are being developed. In principle, many drugs can be delivered selectively to hypoxic tumours using either reductase enzymes or radiation-produced free radicals to activate drug release from electron-affinic prodrugs. A redox-active agent based on a gadolinium chelate is being evaluated clinically. Pyrimidines substituted with bromine or iodine are incorporated into DNA and enhance free radical damage; fluoropyrimidines act by different mechanisms. A wide variety of drugs that influence the nature or repair of DNA damage are being evaluated in conjunction with radiation; it is often difficult to define the mechanisms underlying chemoradiation regimens. Drugs being evaluated include topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g. camptothecin, topotecan), and the hypoxia-activated anthraquinone AQ4N; alkylating agents include temozolomide. Drugs involved in DNA repair pathways being investigated include the potent poly(ADP ribose)polymerase inhibitor, AG14,361. Proteins involved in cell signalling, such as the Ras family, are attractive targets linked to radioresistance, as are epidermal growth factor receptors and linked kinases (drugs including vandetanib [ZD6,474], cetuximab and gefitinib), and cyclooxygenase-2 (celecoxib). The suppression of radioprotective thiols seems to offer more potential with alkylating agents than with radiotherapy, although it remains a strategy worthy of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wardman
- University of Oxford, Gray Cancer Institute, PO Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2JR, UK.
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Tanabe K, Zhang Z, Ito T, Hatta H, Nishimoto SI. Current molecular design of intelligent drugs and imaging probes targeting tumor-specific microenvironments. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3745-57. [DOI: 10.1039/b711244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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