1
|
Microbial-derived glycolipids in the sustainable formulation of biomedical and personal care products: A consideration of the process economics towards commercialization. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
2
|
Thakur S, Singh A, Sharma R, Aurora R, Jain SK. Biosurfactants as a Novel Additive in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Current Trends and Future Implications. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:885-901. [PMID: 33032505 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201008143238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactants are an important category of additives that are used widely in most of the formulations as solubilizers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. Current drug delivery systems comprise of numerous synthetic surfactants (such as Cremophor EL, polysorbate 80, Transcutol-P), which are associated with several side effects though used in many formulations. Therefore, to attenuate the problems associated with conventional surfactants, a new generation of surface-active agents is obtained from the metabolites of fungi, yeast, and bacteria, which are termed as biosurfactants. OBJECTIVES In this article, we critically analyze the different types of biosurfactants, their origin along with their chemical and physical properties, advantages, drawbacks, regulatory status, and detailed pharmaceutical applications. METHODS 243 papers were reviewed and included in this review. RESULTS Briefly, Biosurfactants are classified as glycolipids, rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, trehalolipids, surfactin, lipopeptides & lipoproteins, lichenysin, fatty acids, phospholipids, and polymeric biosurfactants. These are amphiphilic biomolecules with lipophilic and hydrophilic ends and are used as drug delivery vehicles (foaming, solubilizer, detergent, and emulsifier) in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite additives, they have some biological activity as well (anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, P-gp inhibition, etc.). These biomolecules possess better safety profiles and are biocompatible, biodegradable, and specific at different temperatures. CONCLUSION Biosurfactants exhibit good biomedicine and additive properties that can be used in developing novel drug delivery systems. However, more research should be driven due to the lack of comprehensive toxicity testing and high production cost which limits their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot, 145001, India
| | - Rohan Aurora
- The International School Bangalore, Karnataka, 562125, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coelho ALS, Feuser PE, Carciofi BAM, de Andrade CJ, de Oliveira D. Mannosylerythritol lipids: antimicrobial and biomedical properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2297-2318. [PMID: 31980917 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) have attracted particular interest of medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields, due to their specific characteristics, including non-toxicity, easy biodegradability, and environmental compatibility. Therefore, this review aims to highlight recent findings on MEL biological properties, focusing on issues related to therapeutic applications. Among the main findings is that MELs can play a fundamental role due to their antimicrobial properties against several nosocomial pathogen microorganisms. Other remarkable biological properties of MELs are related to skincare, as antiaging (active agent), and in particular on recover of skin cells that were damaged by UV radiation. MEL is also related to the increased efficiency of DNA transfection in liposome systems. Regarding the health field, these glycolipids seem to be associated with disturbance in the membrane composition of cancerous cells, increasing expression of genes responsible for cytoplasmic stress and apoptosis. Moreover, MELs can be associated with nanoparticles, as a capping agent, also acting to increase the solubility and cytotoxicity of them. Furthermore, the differences in the chemical structure of MEL could improve and expand their biochemical diversity and applications. Such modifications could change their interfacial properties and, thus, reduce the surface tension value, enhance the solubility, lower critical micelle concentrations, and form unique self-assembly structures. The latest is closely related to molecular recognition and protein stabilization properties of MEL, that is, essential parameters for their effective cosmetical and pharmaceutical effects. Thus, this current research indicates the huge potential of MEL for use in biomedical formulations, either alone or in combination with other molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Silva Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emílio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Mattar Carciofi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiano José de Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shu Q, Wu J, Chen Q. Synthesis, Characterization of Liposomes Modified with Biosurfactant MEL-A Loading Betulinic Acid and Its Anticancer Effect in HepG2 Cell. Molecules 2019; 24:E3939. [PMID: 31683639 PMCID: PMC6864557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel natural compound delivery system, liposomes are capable of incorporating lipophilic bioactive compounds with enhanced compound solubility, stability and bioavailability, and have been successfully translated into real-time clinical applications. To construct the soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC)-cholesterol (Chol) liposome system, the optimal formulation was investigated as 3:1 of SPC to Chol, 10% mannosylerythritol lipid-A (MEL-A) and 1% betulinic acid. Results show that liposomes with or without betulinic acid or MEL-A are able to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells with a dose-effect relation remarkably. In addition, the modification of MEL-A in liposomes can significantly promote cell apoptosis and strengthen the destruction of mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Liposomes containing MEL-A and betulinic acid have exhibited excellent anticancer activity, which provide factual basis for the development of MEL-A in the anti-cancer applications. These results provide a design thought to develop delivery liposome systems carrying betulinic acid with enhanced functional and pharmaceutical attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gupta PL, Rajput M, Oza T, Trivedi U, Sanghvi G. Eminence of Microbial Products in Cosmetic Industry. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:267-278. [PMID: 31214881 PMCID: PMC6646485 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cosmetology is the developing branch of science, having direct impact on the society. The cosmetic sector is interested in finding novel biological alternatives which can enhance the product attributes as well as it can substitute chemical compounds. Many of the compounds are having biological origin and are acquire from bacteria, fungi, and algae. A range of biological compounds, like bio-surfactant, vitamins, antioxidants, pigments, enzymes, peptides have promising features and beneficial properties. Moreover, these products can be produced commercially with ease. The review will encompass the importance and use of microbial compounds for new cosmetic formulations as well as products associated with it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tejas Oza
- Department of Microbiology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360001, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sanghvi
- Department of Microbiology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Liu D, Zhang J, Xu S, Liu H. Membrane property and biofunction of phospholiposome incorporated with anomeric galactolipids. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:655. [PMID: 27330921 PMCID: PMC4870520 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the construction of liposomes containing a targeting reagent for target-specific drug delivery. Glycoconjugates that can be recognized by transmembrane glycoprotein receptors have been extensively used to form glyco-liposomal drug carriers. However, the impact of anomerism, which is a common identity of natural glycoconjugates, on the glyco-liposomal properties has been hardly probed in previous studies. Here we investigate the liposomal properties of phospholipid incorporated with a pair of anomeric galactolipids. The anomeric galacto-liposomes are characterized and their membrane fluidity, thermo-stability, DNA condensation efficiency and fluorescence leakage are comparatively tested. The in vitro cellular internalization effect of the galacto-liposomes is also demonstrated. This study suggests that anomerism might give distinct impact on the membrane properties and even biofunctions of glyco-liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liu
- />Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouhong Xu
- />Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglai Liu
- />Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodrigues LR. Microbial surfactants: Fundamentals and applicability in the formulation of nano-sized drug delivery vectors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:304-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
9
|
Varvaresou A, Iakovou K. Biosurfactants in cosmetics and biopharmaceuticals. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:214-23. [PMID: 25970073 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules that are produced by various micro-organisms. They show unique properties i.e. lower toxicity, higher biodegradability and environmental compatibility compared to their chemical counterparts. Glycolipids and lipopeptides have prompted application in biotechnology and cosmetics due to their multi-functional profile i.e. detergency, emulsifying, foaming and skin hydrating properties. Additionally, some of them can be served as antimicrobials. In this study the current status of research and development on rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, mannosyloerythritol lipids, trehalipids, xylolipids and lipopeptides particularly their commercial application in cosmetics and biopharmaceuticals, is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Varvaresou
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Iakovou
- Department of Drugs, Ministry of Health, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
New Transfection Agents Based on Liposomes Containing Biosurfactant MEL-A. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:411-20. [PMID: 24300514 PMCID: PMC3836623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano vectors are useful tools to deliver foreign DNAs, oligonucleotides, and small interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNAs) into mammalian cells with gene transfection and gene regulation. In such experiments we have found the liposomes with a biosurfacant mannosylerythriol lipid (MEL-A) are useful because of their high transfer efficiency, and their unique mechanism to transfer genes to target cells with the lowest toxicity. In the present review we will describe our current work, which may contribute to the great advance of gene transfer to target cells and gene regulations. For more than two decades, the liposome technologies have changed dramatically and various methods have been proposed in the fields of biochemistry, cell biology, biotechnology, and so on. In addition, they were towards to pharmaceutics and clinical applications. The liposome technologies were expected to use gene therapy, however, they have not reached a requested goal as of yet. In the present paper we would like to present an approach using a biosurfactant, MEL-A, which is a surface-active compound produced by microorganisms growing on water-insoluble substrates and increases efficiency in gene transfection. The present work shows new transfection agents based on liposomes containing biosurfactant MEL-A.
Collapse
|
11
|
Morita Y, Tadokoro S, Sasai M, Kitamoto D, Hirashima N. Biosurfactant mannosyl-erythritol lipid inhibits secretion of inflammatory mediators from RBL-2H3 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1302-8. [PMID: 21777658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosurfactant mannosyl-erythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipids produced by microbes that have various biological activities. It has been reported that MELs exhibit excellent surface-activity and also various bioactivities, such as induction of cell differentiation and apoptosis. However, little is known about their action related to drug discovery or drug seeds. METHODS We investigated the effects of MELs on the secretion of inflammatory mediators from mast cells that play a central role in allergic responses. Mast cells secrete three kinds of inflammatory mediators and we quantified these secreted mediators by photometer or ELISA. The action mechanisms of MELs were studied by Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescence dye and Western blotting of phosphorylated proteins. RESULTS MELs inhibited exocytotic release by antigen stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that MELs inhibited antigen-induced secretion of leukotriene C(4) and cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α). The inhibitory action of MELs on mediator secretion was mediated by inhibition of Ca(2+) increase, phosphorylation of MAP kinases and SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) that serve as a molecular machinery for exocytotic membrane fusion. CONCLUSIONS MELs have anti-inflammatory action inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory mediators from mast cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE MELs affects two of major intracellular signaling pathways including Ca(2+) increase and MAP kinases. MELs also inhibited the phosphorylation of SNARE proteins that is crucial for not only exocytosis but also intracellular vesicular trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Inoh Y, Furuno T, Hirashima N, Kitamoto D, Nakanishi M. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in biosurfactants affects the efficiency of gene transfection. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
13
|
Arutchelvi J, Doble M. Mannosylerythritol Lipids: Microbial Production and Their Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14490-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
14
|
Banat IM, Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Martinotti MG, Fracchia L, Smyth TJ, Marchant R. Microbial biosurfactants production, applications and future potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:427-44. [PMID: 20424836 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms synthesise a wide range of surface-active compounds (SAC), generally called biosurfactants. These compounds are mainly classified according to their molecular weight, physico-chemical properties and mode of action. The low-molecular-weight SACs or biosurfactants reduce the surface tension at the air/water interfaces and the interfacial tension at oil/water interfaces, whereas the high-molecular-weight SACs, also called bioemulsifiers, are more effective in stabilising oil-in-water emulsions. Biosurfactants are attracting much interest due to their potential advantages over their synthetic counterparts in many fields spanning environmental, food, biomedical, and other industrial applications. Their large-scale application and production, however, are currently limited by the high cost of production and by limited understanding of their interactions with cells and with the abiotic environment. In this paper, we review the current knowledge and the latest advances in biosurfactant applications and the biotechnological strategies being developed for improving production processes and future potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodrigues LR, Teixeira JA. Biomedical and therapeutic applications of biosurfactants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 672:75-87. [PMID: 20545275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, several applications of biosurfactants with medical purposes have been reported. Biosurfactants are considered relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents due to their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. Furthermore, their role as anti-adhesive agents against several pathogens illustrate their utility as suitable anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insertional materials leading to a reduction of a large number of hospital infections without the use of synthetic drugs and chemicals. Biomedical and therapeutic perspectives of biosurfactants applications are presented and discussed in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia R Rodrigues
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ding W, Hattori Y, Qi X, Kitamoto D, Maitani Y. Surface properties of lipoplexes modified with mannosylerythritol lipid-a and tween 80 and their cellular association. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:138-43. [PMID: 19182402 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of cationic liposomes and lipoplexes largely determine the cellular association and gene transfection efficiency. In this study, we measured the surface properties, such as zeta potentials, surface pH and hydration levels of MHAPC- and OH-Chol-lipoplexes and their cellular association, without and with the modification of biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipid-A (MEL-A) or Tween 80 (MHAPC=N,N-methyl hydroxyethyl aminopropane carbamoyl cholesterol; OH-Chol=cholesteryl-3beta-carboxyamindoethylene-N-hydroxyethylamine). Compared to OH-Chol-lipoplexes, the higher cellular association of MHAPC-lipoplexes correlated with the significantly higher zeta potentials, lower surface pH levels and "drier" surface, as evaluated by the generalized polarization of laurdan. Both MEL-A and Tween 80 modification of MHAPC-lipoplexes did not significantly change zeta potentials and surface pH levels, while MEL-A modification of OH-Chol-lipoplexes seriously decreased them. MEL-A hydrated the liposomal surface of MHAPC-lipoplexes but dehydrated that of OH-Chol-lipoplexes, while Tween 80 hydrated those of MHAPC- and OH-Chol-lipoplexes. In all, cationic liposomes composed of lipids with secondary and tertiary amine exhibited different surface properties and cellular associations of lipoplexes, and modification with surfactants further enlarged their difference. The strong hydration ability of Tween 80 may relate to the low cellular association of lipoplexes, while the dehydration of MEL-A-modified OH-Chol-lipoplexes seemed to compensate the negative zeta potential for the cellular association of lipoplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiao Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hattori Y, Hagiwara A, Ding W, Maitani Y. NaCl improves siRNA delivery mediated by nanoparticles of hydroxyethylated cationic cholesterol with amido-linker. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5228-32. [PMID: 18783946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of amido- (NP-OH) and carbamate linkers (NP-HAPC) in nanoparticles composed of hydroxyethylated cationic cholesterol on siRNA transfection. The presence of NaCl in forming a NP-OH nanoplex increased the suppressive effect of gene expression by increasing the size of the nanoplex and changing the cellular uptake mechanism from membrane fusion and clathrin-mediated endocytosis to clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mannosylerythritol lipids: a review. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1559-70. [PMID: 18716809 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are surface active compounds that belong to the glycolipid class of biosurfactants (BSs). MELs are produced by Pseudozyma sp. as a major component while Ustilago sp. produces them as a minor component. Although MELs have been known for over five decades, they recently regained attention due to their environmental compatibility, mild production conditions, structural diversity, self-assembling properties and versatile biochemical functions. In this review, the MEL producing microorganisms, the production conditions, their applications, their diverse structures and self-assembling properties are discussed. The biosynthetic pathways and the regulatory mechanisms involved in the production of MEL are also explained here.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kitamoto D. [Naturally engineered glycolipid biosurfactants leading to distinctive self-assembling properties]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:695-706. [PMID: 18451615 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants (BS) are functional amphiphilic compounds produced by a variety of microorganisms. They show unique properties (e.g. mild production conditions, lower toxicity, and environmental compatibility) compared to chemically synthesized counterparts. The numerous advantages of BS have prompted applications not only in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries but in energy and environmental technologies as well. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are one of the most promising BS known, and are produced at yields of over 100 g/l from vegetable oils by yeast strains belonging to the genus Pseudozyma. MELs exhibit excellent surface-active and self-assembling properties leading to the formation of different lyotropic liquid crystals such as sponge (L(3)), bicontinuous cubic (V(2)) and lamella (L(alpha)) phases. They also show versatile biochemical actions, including antitumor and differentiation-inducing activities against human leukemia cells, rat pheochromocytoma cells and mouse melanoma cells. MELs also display high binding affinity toward different immunoglobulins and lectins, indicating great potentials as new affinity ligands for the glycoproteins. More significantly, the cationic liposomes bearing MELs increase dramatically the efficiency of gene transfection into mammalian cells via membrane fusion processes. The yeast BS should thus be novel nanobiomaterials, and broaden their applications in various advanced technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kitamoto
- Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba City, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ueno Y, Inoh Y, Furuno T, Hirashima N, Kitamoto D, Nakanishi M. NBD-conjugated biosurfactant (MEL-A) shows a new pathway for transfection. J Control Release 2007; 123:247-53. [PMID: 17884224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfection is a fundamental technology for molecular and cell biology, and also clinical gene therapy. A variety of non-viral vectors have been investigated for gene transfection, but their gene delivery had remained an inefficient process. Recently, we found that a biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL)-A, dramatically increased the efficiency in transfection of plasmid DNA mediated by cationic liposomes. However, its mechanism has not been understood yet. Here we examined the mechanism of the transfection mediated by cationic liposomes with NBD-conjugated MEL-A. We found that MEL-A first gradually distributed on the intracellular membranes through the plasma membranes of target cells, while the cationic liposomes with MEL-A fused to the plasma membranes in 20-35 min. Thereafter, the oligonucleotide released from the vesicles was immediately transferred to the nucleus. The present results showed a new role of non-viral vectors in transfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|