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Cinato M, Andersson L, Miljanovic A, Laudette M, Kunduzova O, Borén J, Levin MC. Role of Perilipins in Oxidative Stress-Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38397807 PMCID: PMC10886189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in a cell. In the heart, oxidative stress may deteriorate calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and enhance maladaptive cardiac remodeling by the induction of hypertrophic and apoptotic signaling pathways. Consequently, dysregulated ROS production and oxidative stress have been implicated in numerous cardiac diseases, including heart failure, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved intracellular organelles that enable the safe and stable storage of neutral lipids within the cytosol. LDs are coated with proteins, perilipins (Plins) being one of the most abundant. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and Plins. Indeed, LDs and Plins are increasingly being recognized for playing a critical role beyond energy metabolism and lipid handling. Numerous reports suggest that an essential purpose of LD biogenesis is to alleviate cellular stress, such as oxidative stress. Given the yet unmet suitability of ROS as targets for the intervention of cardiovascular disease, the endogenous antioxidant capacity of Plins may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cinato
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Azra Miljanovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Marion Laudette
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1297, Toulouse III University—Paul Sabatier, 31432 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Malin C. Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
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2
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Docosahexaenoic acid and phenazine ethosulfate are not efficient lipid modulators for porcine in vitro maturation systems. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:731-738. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Volonté YA, Ayala-Peña VB, Vallese-Maurizi H, Garelli A, Rotstein NP, Politi LE, German OL. Retinoid X receptor activation promotes photoreceptor survival and modulates the inflammatory response in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119098. [PMID: 34271041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell (PHR) death is a hallmark of most retinal neurodegenerative diseases, in which inflammation plays a critical role. Activation of retinoid X receptors (RXR) modulates and integrates multiple cell functions, and has beneficial effects in animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, the mechanisms involved and their role in retina neuroprotection are poorly understood. In this work we assessed whether RXR activation prevents inflammation and/or PHR death in retinitis pigmentosa, an inherited retina neurodegeneration, using as an ex vivo model, retinas from the rd1 mice, a murine model of this disease. We demonstrated that rd1 retinas had lower levels of RXR alpha isoform than their wt counterparts at early developmental times, whereas its distribution pattern remained similar. In mixed neuro-glial cultures obtained from either rd1 or wt retinas, both PHR and Müller glial cells (MGC) expressed RXRalpha, and RXR activation by its synthetic pan-agonist PA024 selectively increased mRNA levels of RXRgamma isoform. PA024 decreased PHR death in rd1 mixed cultures; it reduced the amount of non-viable neurons, delayed the onset of PHR apoptosis, and decreased Bax mRNA levels. PA024 also reduced MGC reactivity in vitro before and at the onset of degeneration, decreasing GFAP expression, increasing glutamine synthetase mRNA levels, and promoting the transcription of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, Il-10. These results suggest that RXR activation rescues rd1 PHR and decreases MGC reactivity, promoting an anti-inflammatory environment in the rd1 retina, thus supporting the potential of RXR agonists as pharmacological tools for treating retina degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanel A Volonté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Victoria B Ayala-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Harmonie Vallese-Maurizi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrés Garelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Luis E Politi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Olga L German
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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4
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Brtko J, Dvorak Z. Natural and synthetic retinoid X receptor ligands and their role in selected nuclear receptor action. Biochimie 2020; 179:157-168. [PMID: 33011201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Important key players in the regulatory machinery within the cells are nuclear retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which compose heterodimers in company with several diverse nuclear receptors, playing a role as ligand inducible transcription factors. In general, nuclear receptors are ligand-activated, transcription-modulating proteins affecting transcriptional responses in target genes. RXR molecules forming permissive heterodimers with disparate nuclear receptors comprise peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), liver X receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstan receptor (CAR). Retinoid receptors (RARs) and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) may form conditional heterodimers, and dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor (VDR) is believed to form nonpermissive heterodimer. Thus, RXRs are the important molecules that are involved in control of many cellular functions in biological processes and diseases, including cancer or diabetes. This article summarizes both naturally occurring and synthetic ligands for nuclear retinoid X receptors and describes, predominantly in mammals, their role in molecular mechanisms within the cells. A focus is also on triorganotin compounds, which are high affinity RXR ligands, and finally, we present an outlook on human microbiota as a potential source of RXR activators. Nevertheless, new synthetic rexinoids with better retinoid X receptor activity and lesser side effects are highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Brtko
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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5
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Capitão A, Lopes-Marques M, Páscoa I, Ruivo R, Mendiratta N, Fonseca E, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The Echinodermata PPAR: Functional characterization and exploitation by the model lipid homeostasis regulator tributyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114467. [PMID: 32278212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The wide ecological relevance of lipid homeostasis modulators in the environment has been increasingly acknowledged. Tributyltin (TBT), for instance, was shown to cause lipid modulation, not only in mammals, but also in fish, molluscs, arthropods and rotifers. In vertebrates, TBT is known to interact with a nuclear receptor heterodimer module, formed by the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). These modulate the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. In the present work, we isolated for the first time the complete coding region of the Echinodermata (Paracentrotus lividus) gene orthologues of PPAR and RXR and evaluated the ability of a model lipid homeostasis modulator, TBT, to interfere with the lipid metabolism in this species. Our results demonstrate that TBT alters the gonadal fatty acid composition and gene expression patterns: yielding sex-specific responses in fatty acid levels, including the decrease of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) in males, and increase of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA) in females, and upregulation of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (acsl), ppar and rxr. Furthermore, an in vitro test using COS-1 cells as host and chimeric receptors with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of P. lividus PPAR and RXR shows that organotins (TBT and TPT (Triphenyltin)) suppressed activity of the heterodimer PPAR/RXR in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that TBT acts as a lipid homeostasis modulator at environmentally relevant concentrations in Echinodermata and highlight a possible conserved mode of action via the PPAR/RXR heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Capitão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Inês Páscoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nicolau Mendiratta
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Elza Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Mitchell CA, Dasgupta S, Zhang S, Stapleton HM, Volz DC. Disruption of Nuclear Receptor Signaling Alters Triphenyl Phosphate-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos. Toxicol Sci 2019. [PMID: 29529285 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is an unsubstituted aryl phosphate ester used as a flame retardant and plasticizer within the United States. Using zebrafish as a model, the objectives of this study were to rely on (1) mRNA-sequencing to uncover pathways disrupted following embryonic TPHP exposure and (2) high-content screening to identify nuclear receptor ligands that enhance or mitigate TPHP-induced cardiotoxicity. Based on mRNA-sequencing, TPHP exposure from 24 to 72-h postfertilization (hpf) resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the number of transcripts significantly affected at 72 hpf, and pathway analysis revealed that 5 out of 9 nuclear receptor pathways were associated with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Based on a screen of 74 unique nuclear receptor ligands as well as follow-up experiments, 2 compounds-ciglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, or PPARγ, agonist) and fenretinide (a pan-retinoic acid receptor, or RAR, agonist)-reliably mitigated TPHP-induced cardiotoxicity in the absence of effects on TPHP uptake or metabolism. As these data suggested that TPHP may be activating RXR (a heterodimer for both RARs and PPARγ), we coexposed embryos to HX 531-a pan-RXR antagonist-from 24 to 72 hpf and, contrary to our hypothesis, found that coexposure to HX 531 significantly enhanced TPHP-induced cardiotoxicity. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we also found that TPHP did not activate nor inhibit chimeric human RXRα, RXRβ, or RXRγ, suggesting that TPHP does not directly bind nor interact with RXRs. Overall, our data suggest that TPHP may interfere with RXR-dependent pathways involved in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance A Mitchell
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Sharon Zhang
- Division of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Division of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
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7
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Mukai Y, Yamanishi R. Retinol but not retinoic acid can enhance the glutathione level, in a manner similar to β-carotene, in a murine cultured macrophage cell line. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1650-1656. [PMID: 30258608 PMCID: PMC6145222 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SCOPE We evaluated the potential of retinol and retinoic acid (RA) to enhance intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in a murine cultured macrophage cell line, RAW264, to investigate whether the RA signaling pathway is involved in the β-carotene-induced GSH enhancement. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined GSH levels in RAW264 cells cultured in media supplemented with β-carotene and various inhibitors (ER50891 for RA receptor (RAR)α, CD2665 for RARβ/γ, or HX531 for all subtypes of retinoid X receptor (RXR)), to verify each inhibitor's activity against β-carotene, as well as in media supplemented with various stimulants (AM80 for RARα, CD2314 for RARβ, CD437 for RARγ, or SR11237 for RXR), to compare their activity with that of β-carotene. We also examined the GSH level and glutamate-cysteine-ligase (GCL) expression in RAW264 cells cultured in all-trans RA- or retinol-supplemented media. Enhanced GSH production was not inhibited by any tested antagonist, and, apart from β-carotene, no agonist induced GSH production. Retinol, but not all-trans RA, enhanced GSH synthesis and increased GCL expression, similar to that observed with β-carotene. CONCLUSION The RA signaling pathway may not be involved in the β-carotene-induced enhancement of GSH levels in RAW264 cells, whereas, like β-carotene, retinol can enhance the GSH level and GCL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Mukai
- Department of Food Hygiene and FunctionSchool of Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Health and Social WorkKanagawa University of Human ServicesKanagawaJapan
| | - Rintaro Yamanishi
- Department of Food Science and NutritionSchool of Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Health and Social WorkKanagawa University of Human ServicesKanagawaJapan
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8
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Huang W, Li K, Liu A, Yang Z, Hu C, Chen D, Wang H. miR‑330‑5p inhibits H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs by regulating RXRγ. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2042-2052. [PMID: 30015907 PMCID: PMC6108853 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism of H2O2‑induced adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is important for the development of treatments for metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify microRNA (miR)‑330‑5p, which targets retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ) and to determine the function of H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. During differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes induced by H2O2, miR‑330‑5p expression was decreased with a concomitant increase in RXRγ expression. A luciferase assay with RXRγ 3'‑untranslated region (UTR) reporter plasmid, including the miR‑330‑5p‑binding sequences, identified that the introduction of miR‑330‑5p decreases luciferase activity. However, it did not affect the activity of mutated RXRγ 3'‑UTR reporter. Enforced expression of miR‑330‑5p significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation by decreasing RXRγ mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, inhibition of the endogenous miR‑330‑5p promoted the formation of lipid droplets by rescuing RXRγ expression. Furthermore, the effects of inhibition of RXRγ were similar to those of overexpression of miR‑330‑5p on H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation from MSCs. miR‑330‑5p inhibits H2O2‑induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs, and this is dependent on RXRγ. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed that miR‑330‑5p acts as a critical regulator of RXRγ, and is able to determinate the fate of MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes. This suggests that miR‑330‑5p and RXRγ may be target molecules for controlling metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Huang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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9
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Itabe H, Yamaguchi T, Nimura S, Sasabe N. Perilipins: a diversity of intracellular lipid droplet proteins. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:83. [PMID: 28454542 PMCID: PMC5410086 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are found in a wide variety of cell types and have been recognized as organelles with unique spherical structures. Although LDs are not stable lipid-depots, they are active sites of neutral lipid metabolism, and comprise neutral lipid or cholesterol cores surrounded by phospholipid monolayers containing specialized proteins. However, sizes and protein compositions vary between cell and tissue types. Proteins of the perilipin family have been associated with surfaces of LDs and all carry a conserved 11-mer repeat motif. Accumulating evidence indicates that all perilipins are involved in LD formation and that all play roles in LD function under differing conditions. In this brief review, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of perilipins and lipid metabolizing enzymes in a variety of mammalian cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Present address: College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyaka-ku, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Satomi Nimura
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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10
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Thornburg KL, Kolahi K, Pierce M, Valent A, Drake R, Louey S. Biological features of placental programming. Placenta 2016; 48 Suppl 1:S47-S53. [PMID: 27817870 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a key organ in programming the fetus for later disease. This review outlines nine of many structural and physiological features of the placenta which are associated with adult onset chronic disease. 1) Placental efficiency relates the placental mass to the fetal mass. Ratios at the extremes are related to cardiovascular disease risk later in life. 2) Placental shape predicts a large number of disease outcomes in adults but the regulators of placental shape are not known. 3) Non-human primate studies suggest that at about mid-gestation, the placenta becomes less plastic and less able to compensate for pathological stresses. 4) Recent studies suggest that lipids have an important role in regulating placental metabolism and thus the future health of offspring. 5) Placental inflammation affects nutrient transport to the fetus and programs for later disease. 6) Placental insufficiency leads to inadequate fetal growth and elevated risks for later life disease. 7) Maternal height, fat and muscle mass are important in combination with placental size and shape in predicting adult disease. 8) The placenta makes a host of hormones that influence fetal growth and are related to offspring disease. Unfortunately, our knowledge of placental growth and function lags far behind that of other organs. An investment in understanding placental growth and function will yield enormous benefits to human health because it is a key player in the origins of the most expensive and deadly chronic diseases that humans face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent L Thornburg
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Kevin Kolahi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Melinda Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy Valent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rachel Drake
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samantha Louey
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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11
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Huang CW, Chien YS, Chen YJ, Ajuwon KM, Mersmann HM, Ding ST. Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Ameliorating the Obesity-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Animal Models and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101689. [PMID: 27735847 PMCID: PMC5085721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and its comorbidities, such as insulin resistance and type II diabetes, are increasing dramatically, perhaps caused by the change in the fatty acid composition of common human diets. Adipose tissue plays a role as the major energy reservoir in the body. An excess of adipose mass accumulation caused by chronic positive energy balance results in obesity. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) exert numerous beneficial effects to maintain physiological homeostasis. In the current review, the physiology of n-3 PUFA effects in the body is delineated from studies conducted in both human and animal experiments. Although mechanistic studies in human are limited, numerous studies conducted in animals and models in vitro provide potential molecular mechanisms of the effects of these fatty acids. Three aspects of n-3 PUFA in adipocyte regulation are discussed: (1) lipid metabolism, including adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis and lipogenesis; (2) energy expenditure, such as mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation; and (3) inflammation, including adipokines and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Additionally, the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA regulate gene expression are highlighted. The beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA may help to reduce the incidence of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shan Chien
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
| | - Harry M Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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12
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Kurtys E, Eisel ULM, Verkuyl JM, Broersen LM, Dierckx RAJO, de Vries EFJ. The combination of vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids has an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect on microglia. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:206-214. [PMID: 27465516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common phenomenon in the pathology of many brain diseases. In this paper we explore whether selected vitamins and fatty acids known to modulate inflammation exert an effect on microglia, the key cell type involved in neuroinflammation. Previously these nutrients have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory properties acting on specific inflammatory pathways. We hypothesized that combining nutrients acting on converging anti-inflammatory pathways may lead to enhanced anti-inflammatory properties as compared to the action of a single nutrient. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of combinations of nutrients based on the ability to inhibit the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 from BV-2 cells. Results show that omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D can individually reduce the LPS-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines by BV-2 cells. Moreover, we show that vitamins A, D and omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic) at concentrations where they individually had little effect, significantly reduced the secretion of the inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide, when they were combined. The conclusion of this study is that combining different nutrients acting on convergent anti-inflammatory pathways may result in an increased anti-inflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kurtys
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - U L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J M Verkuyl
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L M Broersen
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Ayala-Peña VB, Pilotti F, Volonté Y, Rotstein NP, Politi LE, German OL. Protective effects of retinoid x receptors on retina pigment epithelium cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1134-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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German OL, Agnolazza DL, Politi LE, Rotstein NP. Light, lipids and photoreceptor survival: live or let die? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204250 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00194c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to its constant exposure to light and its high oxygen consumption the retina is highly sensitive to oxidative damage, which is a common factor in inducing the death of photoreceptors after light damage or in inherited retinal degenerations. The high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the retina, has been suggested to contribute to this sensitivity. DHA is crucial for developing and preserving normal visual function. However, further roles of DHA in the retina are still controversial. Current data support that it can tilt the scale either towards degeneration or survival of retinal cells. DHA peroxidation products can be deleterious to the retina and might lead to retinal degeneration. However, DHA has also been shown to act as, or to be the source of, a survival molecule that protects photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative damage. We have established that DHA protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and promotes their differentiation in vitro. DHA activates the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the ERK/MAPK pathway, thus regulating the expression of anti and pro-apoptotic proteins. It also orchestrates a diversity of signaling pathways, modulating enzymatic pathways that control the sphingolipid metabolism and activate antioxidant defense mechanisms to promote photoreceptor survival and development. A deeper comprehension of DHA signaling pathways and context-dependent behavior is required to understand its dual functions in retinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lorena German
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Wójcik C, Lohe K, Kuang C, Xiao Y, Jouni Z, Poels E. Modulation of adipocyte differentiation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids involves the ubiquitin-proteasome system. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 18:590-9. [PMID: 24834523 PMCID: PMC4000111 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the effects of three different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) – docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) on fat accumulation and expression of adipogenic and inflammatory markers using both 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that ω-3 PUFAs induce the degradation of fatty acid synthase through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is likely to have beneficial metabolic effect on adipose cells. Omega-3 PUFAs also increase overall levels of polyubiquitinated proteins, at least in part through decreasing the expression of proteasome subunits. Moreover, adipocytes are resistant to proteasome inhibition, which induces adipophilin while decreasing perilipin expression. On the other hand, ω-3 PUFAs decrease expression of SREBP1 while inducing expression of adipophilin and GLUT4. Moreover, all three ω-3 PUFAs appear to induce tumour necrosis factor-α without affecting NFκB levels. All three ω-3 PUFAs appear to have overall similar effects. Further research is needed to elucidate their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Wójcik
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- IU School of MedicineEvansville, IN, USA
- *Correspondence to: Cezary WÓJCIK, Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University – Gabriel Park Clinic, MailCode: FM-GP, 4411 SW Vermont Street, Portland, OR 97291, USA., Tel.: +1-503-494-1997, Fax: +1-503-494-1967, E-mail:
| | - Kimberly Lohe
- IU School of MedicineEvansville, IN, USA
- Mead Johnson NutritionEvansville, IN, USA
| | - Chenzhong Kuang
- IU School of MedicineEvansville, IN, USA
- Mead Johnson NutritionEvansville, IN, USA
| | - Yan Xiao
- IU School of MedicineEvansville, IN, USA
- Mead Johnson NutritionEvansville, IN, USA
| | | | - Eduard Poels
- Mead Johnson NutritionEvansville, IN, USA
- DSM Nutritional ProductsColumbia, MD, USA
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16
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Varela LM, López S, Ortega-Gómez A, Bermúdez B, Buers I, Robenek H, Muriana FJG, Abia R. Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins regulate perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 lipid-droplet-associated proteins in macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:327-36. [PMID: 25595097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in macrophages contributes to atherosclerosis. Within macrophages, lipids are stored in lipid droplets (LDs); perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 are the main LD-associated proteins. Postprandial triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins induce LD accumulation in macrophages. The role of postprandial lipoproteins in perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 regulation was studied. TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) induced the levels of intracellular TGs, LDs and perilipin-2 protein expression in THP-1 macrophages and in Apoe(-/-) mice bone-marrow-derived macrophages with low and high basal levels of TGs. Perilipin-3 was only synthesized in mice macrophages with low basal levels of TGs. The regulation was dependent on the fatty acid composition of the lipoproteins; monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) more strongly attenuated these effects compared with saturated fatty acids. In THP-1 macrophages, immunofluorescence microscopy and freeze-fracture immunogold labeling indicated that the lipoproteins translocated perilipin-3 from the cytoplasm to the LD surface; only the lipoproteins that were rich in PUFAs suppressed this effect. Chemical inhibition showed that lipoproteins induced perilipin-2 protein expression through the peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR) PPARα and PPARγ pathways. Overall, our data indicate that postprandial TRLs may be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation through the regulation of perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 proteins in macrophages. Because the fatty acid composition of the lipoproteins is dependent on the type of fat consumed, the ingestion of olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, and fish oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, can be considered a good nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by LD-associated proteins decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M Varela
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio López
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermúdez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Insa Buers
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Horst Robenek
- Institute for Experimental Musculosceletal Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Francisco J G Muriana
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Abia
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.
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17
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German OL, Monaco S, Agnolazza DL, Rotstein NP, Politi LE. Retinoid X receptor activation is essential for docosahexaenoic acid protection of retina photoreceptors. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2236-2246. [PMID: 23723389 PMCID: PMC3708373 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m039040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the retina, promotes survival of rat retina photoreceptors during early development in vitro and upon oxidative stress by activating the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Here we have investigated whether DHA turns on this pathway through activation of retinoid X receptors (RXRs) or by inducing tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptor activation. We also evaluated whether DHA release from phospholipids was required for its protective effect. Addition of RXR antagonists (HX531, PA452) to rat retinal neuronal cultures inhibited DHA protection during early development in vitro and upon oxidative stress induced with Paraquat or H2O2. In contrast, the Trk inhibitor K252a did not affect DHA prevention of photoreceptor apoptosis. These results imply that activation of RXRs was required for DHA protection whereas Trk receptors were not involved in this protection. Pretreatment with 4-bromoenol lactone, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, blocked DHA prevention of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of photoreceptors. It is noteworthy that RXR agonists (HX630, PA024) also rescued photoreceptors from H2O2-induced apoptosis. These results provide the first evidence that activation of RXRs prevents photoreceptor apoptosis and suggest that DHA is first released from phospholipids and then activates RXRs to promote the survival of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L German
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Monaco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela L Agnolazza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luis E Politi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Kisos H, Pukaß K, Ben-Hur T, Richter-Landsberg C, Sharon R. Increased neuronal α-synuclein pathology associates with its accumulation in oligodendrocytes in mice modeling α-synucleinopathies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46817. [PMID: 23077527 PMCID: PMC3471961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatonigral degeneration and olivo-pontocerebellar atrophy. The histopathological hallmark of MSA is glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI) within oligodendrocytes, accompanied by neuronal degeneration. MSA is a synucleinopathy, and α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is the major protein constituent of the GCI. It is unclear how the neuronal α-Syn protein accumulates in oligodendrocytes. We tested the hypothesis that oligodendrocytes can take up neuronal-secreted α-Syn as part of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to MSA. We report that increases in the degree of α-Syn soluble oligomers or intracellular α-Syn levels, enhance its secretion from cultured MN9D dopaminergic cells, stably expressing the protein. In accord, we show that primary oligodendrocytes from rat brain and oligodendroglial cell lines take-up neuronal-secreted or exogenously added α-Syn from their conditioning medium. This uptake is concentration-, time-, and clathrin-dependent. Utilizing the demonstrated effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to enhance α-Syn neuropathology, we show an in vivo effect for brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels on α-Syn localization to oligodendrocytes in brains of a mouse model for synucleinopathies, expressing human A53T α-Syn cDNA under the PrP promoter. Hence, pathogenic mechanisms leading to elevated levels of α-Syn in neurons underlie neuronal secretion and subsequent uptake of α-Syn by oligodendrocytes in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Kisos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katharina Pukaß
- Biology, Molecular Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Neurology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Ronit Sharon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Jia Y, Kim JY, Jun HJ, Kim SJ, Lee JH, Hoang MH, Hwang KY, Um SJ, Chang HI, Lee SJ. The natural carotenoid astaxanthin, a PPAR-α agonist and PPAR-γ antagonist, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation by rewiring the transcriptome in lipid-loaded hepatocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:878-88. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kwang-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Sejong University; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ihl Chang
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul; Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
Consumption of specific dietary fatty acids has been shown to influence risk and progression of several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and arthritis. In recent years, insights into the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of fatty acids have improved considerably and have provided the foundation for the emerging concept of fatty acid sensing, which can be interpreted as the property of fatty acids to influence biological processes by serving as signaling molecules. An important mechanism of fatty acid sensing is via stimulation or inhibition of DNA transcription. Here, we focus on fatty acid sensing via regulation of gene transcription and address the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1, Toll-like receptor 4, G protein-coupled receptors, and other putative mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Georgiadi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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21
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Serini S, Fasano E, Piccioni E, Monego G, Cittadini AR, Celleno L, Ranelletti FO, Calviello G. DHA induces apoptosis and differentiation in human melanoma cells in vitro : involvement of HuR-mediated COX-2 mRNA stabilization and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:164-73. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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22
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Yakunin E, Loeb V, Kisos H, Biala Y, Yehuda S, Yaari Y, Selkoe DJ, Sharon R. Α-synuclein neuropathology is controlled by nuclear hormone receptors and enhanced by docosahexaenoic acid in a mouse model for Parkinson's disease. Brain Pathol 2011; 22:280-94. [PMID: 21929559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a neuronal protein that accumulates progressively in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. Attempting to identify cellular factors that affect α-Syn neuropathology, we previously reported that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) promote α-Syn oligomerization and aggregation in cultured cells. We now report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a 22:6 PUFA, affects α-Syn oligomerization by activating retinoic X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2). In addition, we show that dietary changes in brain DHA levels affect α-Syn cytopathology in mice transgenic for the PD-causing A53T mutation in human α-Syn. A diet enriched in DHA, an activating ligand of RXR, increased the accumulation of soluble and insoluble neuronal α-Syn, neuritic injury and astrocytosis. Conversely, abnormal accumulations of α-Syn and its deleterious effects were significantly attenuated by low dietary DHA levels. Our results suggest a role for activated RXR/PPARγ 2, obtained by elevated brain PUFA levels, in α-Syn neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Yakunin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Souza LL, Cordeiro A, Oliveira LS, de Paula GSM, Faustino LC, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Oliveira KJ, Pazos-Moura CC. Thyroid hormone contributes to the hypolipidemic effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil: in vivo evidence for cross talking mechanisms. J Endocrinol 2011; 211:65-72. [PMID: 21752938 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from fish oil (FO) exert important lipid-lowering effects, an effect also ascribed to thyroid hormones (TH) and TH receptor β1 (TRβ1)-specific agonists. n-3 PUFA effects are mediated by nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and others. In this study, we investigated a role for TH signaling in n-3 PUFA effects. Euthyroid and hypothyroid adult rats (methimazole-treated for 5 weeks) received FO or soybean oil (control) by oral administration for 3 weeks. In euthyroid rats, FO treatment reduced serum triglycerides and cholesterol, diminished body fat, and increased protein content of the animals. In addition, FO-treated rats exhibited higher liver expression of TRβ1 and mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD), at protein and mRNA levels, but no alteration of glutathione S-transferase or type 1 deiodinase. In hypothyroid condition, FO induced reduction in serum cholesterol and increase in body protein content, but lost the ability to reduce triglycerides and body fat, and to induce TRβ1 and mGDP expression. FO did not change PPARα liver abundance regardless of thyroid state; however, hypothyroidism led to a marked increase in PPARα liver content but did not alter TRβ1 or TRα expression. The data suggest that part of the effect of n-3 PUFA from FO on lipid metabolism is dependent on TH signaling in specific steps and together with the marked upregulation of PPARα in liver of hypothyroid rats suggest important in vivo consequences of the cross-talking between those fatty acids and TH pathways in liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lopes Souza
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro - RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Gil-Sánchez A, Demmelmair H, Parrilla JJ, Koletzko B, Larqué E. Mechanisms involved in the selective transfer of long chain polyunsaturated Fatty acids to the fetus. Front Genet 2011; 2:57. [PMID: 22303352 PMCID: PMC3268610 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) in the fetal brain increases dramatically from the third trimester until 18 months of life. Several studies have shown an association between the percentage of maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during gestation and development of cognitive functions in the neonate. Since only very low levels of LCPUFA are synthesized in the fetus and placenta, their primary source for the fetus is the maternal circulation. Both in vitro and human in vivo studies using labeled fatty acids have shown preferential transfer of LCPUFA from the placenta to the fetus compared with other fatty acids, although the mechanisms involved are still uncertain. The placenta takes up circulating maternal non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and fatty acids released mainly by maternal lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase. These NEFA may enter the cell by passive diffusion or by means of membrane carrier proteins. Once in the cytosol, NEFA bind to cytosolic fatty acid-binding proteins for transfer to the fetal circulation or can be oxidized within the trophoblasts, and even re-esterified and stored in lipid droplets. Although trophoblast cells are not specialized for lipid storage, LCPUFA may up-regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and hence the gene expression of fatty acid transport carriers, fatty acid acyl-CoA-synthetases and adipophilin or other enzymes involved in lipolysis, modifying the rate of placental transfer, and metabolism. The placental transfer of LCPUFA during pregnancy seems to be a key factor in the neurological development of the fetus. Increased knowledge of the factors that modify placental transfer of fatty acids would contribute to our understanding of this complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Gil-Sánchez
- Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital Murcia, Spain
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Takahashi K, Sasabe N, Ohshima K, Kitazato K, Kato R, Masuda Y, Tsurumaki M, Obama T, Okudaira SI, Aoki J, Arai H, Yamaguchi T, Itabe H. Glucagon regulates intracellular distribution of adipose differentiation-related protein during triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:2571-80. [PMID: 20529882 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m004648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular lipid droplets (LD) are organelles involved in cellular lipid metabolism. When liver cellular components were fractionated using sucrose density gradient centrifugation, adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) was distributed in both the top and bottom fractions, which correspond to the LD and membranous fractions, respectively, in the mouse liver under normal feeding conditions. After overnight fasting, triacylglycerol and ADRP increased nearly 2.5-fold in the mouse liver, and a portion appeared in the intermediate-density LD (iLD) fractions. ADRP in the iLD fractions was also increased in a mouse nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model induced by methione/choline-deficient diet. When HuH-7 human hepatoma cells were incubated with oleic acid for 24 h, the amount of ADRP increased, and it was distributed in both the LD and membrane fractions. However, ADRP appeared in the iLD fractions upon treatment of HuH-7 cells with glucagon. This behavior of ADRP was cAMP-dependent, as the ADRP-positive iLD fractions were induced by dibutylyl cAMP and were blocked by protein kinase A inhibitors. A portion of ADRP colocalized microscopically with calnexin, which is present in the iLD fractions, by treatment of HuH-7 cells or human primary hepatocytes with oleic acid and glucagon, but not by treatment with oleic acid alone. Glucagon has a role in the reorganization of endoplasmic reticulum membranes to generate ADRP-associated lipid-poor particles in hepatic cells, which is related to LD formation during lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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