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Wang X, Zhang X, Zheng G, Dong M, Huang Z, Lin L, Yan K, Zheng J, Wang J. Mitochondria-targeted pentacyclic triterpene NIR-AIE derivatives for enhanced chemotherapeutic and chemo-photodynamic combined therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115975. [PMID: 38039788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Complexes formed by combining pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) with Aggregation-Induced Emission luminogens (AIEgens), termed pentacyclic triterpene-aggregation induced emission (PT-AIEgen) complexes, merge the chemotherapeutic properties of PTs with the photocytotoxicity of AIEgens. In this study, we synthesized derivatives by connecting three types of triphenylamine (TPA) pyridinium derivatives with three common pentacyclic triterpenes. Altering the connecting group between the electron donor TPA and the electron acceptor pyridinium resulted in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PT-AIEgens and a red-shift in their fluorescence emission spectra. Importantly, the fluorescence emission spectra of BA-3, OA-3, and UA-3 extended into the near-infrared (NIR) range, enabling NIR-AIE imaging of the sites where the derivatives aggregated. The incorporation of the pyridinium structure improved the mitochondrial targeting of PT-AIEgens, enhancing mitochondrial pathway-mediated cell apoptosis and improving the efficiency of chemotherapy (CT) and chemo-photodynamic combined therapy (CPCT) both in vivo and in vitro. Cellular fluorescence imaging demonstrated rapid cellular uptake and mitochondrial accumulation of BA-1 (-2, -3). Cell viability experiments revealed that BA-1 (-2), OA-1 (-2), and UA-1 (-2) exhibited superior CT cytotoxicity compared to their parent drugs, with BA-1 showing the most potent inhibitory effect on HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.19 μM). Furthermore, HeLa cells treated with BA-1 (1 μM), BA-2 (1.25 μM), and BA-3 (1 μM) exhibited survival rates of 2.99 % ± 0.05 % μM, 5.92 % ± 2.04 % μM, and 2.53 % ± 0.73 % μM, respectively, under white light irradiation. Mechanistic experiments revealed that derivatives induced cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway during both CT and CPCT. Remarkably, BA-1 and BA-3 in CPCT inhibited cancer cell proliferation in an in vivo melanoma mouse xenograft model. These results collectively encourage further research of PT-AIEgens as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Zhaopeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Liyin Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Kang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Jinhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
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Pantia S, Kangsamaksin T, Janvilisri T, Komyod W. Asiatic Acid Inhibits Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Viability and Migration via Suppressing STAT3 and Claudin-1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:902. [PMID: 37375849 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancer in Southeast Asia, but effective treatment options remain limited, and chemotherapy has a high resistance rate. Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid found in Centella asiatica, has shown anticancer activity in various cancers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anticancer effects and mechanisms of AA in NPC cell lines. The effects of AA on NPC cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and migration were determined in TW-01 and SUNE5-8F NPC cell lines. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels affected by AA. The role of AA in proliferation and migration was investigated in STAT3 and claudin-1 knockdown cells. AA inhibited NPC cell viability and migration and induced cell death by increasing cleaved caspase-3 expression. Moreover, AA inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced claudin-1 expression in NPC cells. Although knockdown of STAT3 or claudin-1 slightly reduced cell viability, it did not enhance the anti-proliferative effect of AA. However, knockdown of STAT3 or claudin-1 increased the anti-migratory effect of AA in NPC cells. These results suggest that AA can be a promising candidate for drug development against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supitchaya Pantia
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaned Kangsamaksin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Komyod
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Lai YW, Wang SW, Lin CL, Chen SS, Lin KH, Lee YT, Chen WC, Hsieh YH. Asiatic acid exhibits antimetastatic activity in human prostate cancer cells by modulating the MZF-1/Elk-1/Snail signaling axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175770. [PMID: 37209940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer metastasis is associated with poor prognosis and is difficult to treat clinically. Numerous studies have shown that Asiatic Acid (AA) has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of AA on prostate cancer metastasis is still unclear. This purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of AA on prostate cancer metastasis and to better understand its molecular mechanisms of action. Our results indicate that AA ≤ 30 μM did not influence cell viability and cell cycle distribution in PC3, 22Rv1 and DU145 cells. AA inhibited the migratory and invasive capabilities of three prostate cancer cells to be due to its effects on Snail, but did not have activity on Slug. We observed that AA inhibited the Myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF-1) and ETS Like-1 (Elk-1) protein interaction and affected the complex's binding capacity to the Snail promoter region, ultimately blocking Snail transcription activity. Kinase cascade analysis revealed that phosphorylation of MEK3/6 and p38MAPK was inhibited by AA treatment. Moreover, knockdown of p38MAPK enhanced AA-suppressed protein levels of MZF-1, Elk-1, and Snail, suggesting that p38MAPK influences prostate cancer cell metastasis. These results provide promise for AA as a future candidate in the development of drug therapies to prevent or treat prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MstacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MstacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Zhong Xiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MstacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tung Lee
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Sports Medicine & Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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ER and PGR targeting ability of phytocompounds derived from Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculata: An in-silico approach. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Characterization of chikusetsusaponin IV and V induced apoptosis in HepG2 cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4247-4255. [PMID: 35212926 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikusetsusaponin IV and V (CsIV and CsV), two typical oleanolic acid saponins, are mainly derived from the rhizome of Panax japonicus C.A. Mey. To reveal the anti-cancer effect of CsIV and CsV on liver cancer cells, human hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2) were exposed to these saponins, and various physiological responses of HepG2 were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS HepG2 cells were treated with CsIV, CsV and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ levels were respectively identified by flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by fluorescence microscopy. And, the levels of apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Both CsIV and CsV were demonstrated to inhibit cell viability, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HepG2 in a dose-dependent manner. They also enhanced the intracellular Ca2+ level and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, p53 and p21 were found up-regulated in HepG2 cells treated by CsIV and CsV. The apoptotic proteins, bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3/-9, were all found activated in HepG2 cells after CsIV and CsV treatment. The anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2, was significantly down-regulated in all treated HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that CsIV and CsV exerted significant cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells without affecting normal liver cells. And, these chikusetsusaponins, especially for CsIV, showed a potent effect on promoting cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which was associated with the activation of p53-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Liu Q, Zang EH, Wang CC, Liu YC, Niu H, Gao Y, Li MH. Dianthi herba: a comprehensive review of its botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Chin Med 2022; 17:15. [PMID: 35062995 PMCID: PMC8780776 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dianthi herba (called “Qumai” in Chinese) is the dried aerial part of Dianthus superbus L. and Dianthus chinensis L. The species are mainly distributed in the temperate and warm temperate regions in the northern hemisphere, and some regions in Africa and Oceania, as well as South America. However, the distribution pattern of Dianthi herba has not been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical applications of Dianthi herba. Approximately 194 chemical compounds have been identified and isolated from Dianthi herba, the most important being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and volatile oil compounds. These compounds possess antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, inter alia. Further studies should be carried out on Dianthi herba to elucidate more of its active principles and their mechanisms of action.
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Adtani PN, Narasimhan M, Girija DM. In vitro anticancer activity of a pentacyclic triterpenoid via the mitochondrial pathway in bone-invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:313-321. [PMID: 34703127 PMCID: PMC8491335 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.325234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Oral cancer is the most dreadful cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. Anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy result in severe side effects. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of Asiatic acid (AA) on bone-invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (BHY) cell line. Settings and Design: This was an in vitro laboratory setting. Materials and Methods: BHY cell lines were used for the experiment. Confocal microscopy was used to observe cellular alterations. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine the IC50 concentration of AA and flow cytometry to analyze the percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle post treatment. Immunoblot assays and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) were used to study the expression level of genes involved. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: IC50 concentration of AA was 15.6 μM. On flow cytometry analysis, treatment with 15.6 μM and 31.25 μM of AA for 24 h increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase to 45.63% and 53.12%, respectively, compared to 9.62% in control group. Immunoblot analysis and semiquantitative rt-PCR demonstrated an upregulation of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p21 and p27), caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c and Bax in a time-dependent manner and downregulation of cyclins and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (**P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus control) post AA treatment. Conclusion: AA induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway and causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in BHY cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Narain Adtani
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, U.A.E
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh M Girija
- Department of Cell Biology, Research and Development, Vopec Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhu Z, Cui L, Yang J, Vong CT, Hu Y, Xiao J, Chan G, He Z, Zhong Z. Anticancer effects of asiatic acid against doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 92:153737. [PMID: 34560519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asiatic acid is one of the active compounds isolated from Centella asiatica and has been used to treat many diseases, including hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. It exhibits anticancer effects in many cancers, such as ovarian, lung and colon cancer; however, its anticancer effects in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Chemoresistance is often induced after the use of chemotherapy, and it is a challenging problem in cancer therapy. The effects of asiatic acid on chemoresistance in breast cancer have never been studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the anticancer effects of asiatic acid in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF-7 cells. METHODS The cells were incubated with asiatic acid at 0-160 μM for 2-24 h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated by 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Florescent images were taken using a confocal microscope. P-gp function and apoptosis assays were performed using flow cytometry. Caspase activity was measured with the Caspase-Glo™ Assay System. The phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were assessed by western blots. Molecular docking was performed and scored by AutoDock. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was applied for experimental valuation. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that asiatic acid induced cell death in multiple ways, including reactive oxygen species production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content reduction, and adaptive immunity balance via intrinsic apoptosis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and indirect nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcriptional pathways, using experimental validation and in silico analysis. Moreover, asiatic acid also enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin by improving P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that asiatic acid has strong anticancer effects to reverse multidrug resistance and could be developed as a promising adjuvant drug for the treatment of chemoresistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Tian M, Chen K, Huang J, Chu D, Li J, Huang K, Ma C. Asiatic acid inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability through the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway to inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer in mice. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6389-6400. [PMID: 34541711 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic medicines have been evaluated as anticancer therapies, however, their use remains limited in clinical practice due to associated adverse effects. Asiatic acid (AA) is known to have broad-spectrum anticancer properties, however, its effects on angiogenesis in breast cancer remain to be fully established. In this study, we analyzed the inhibitory effects of AA on angiogenesis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in vitro and on the growth and metastasis of a subcutaneous breast cancer 4T1 tumor model and a lung metastasis model in vivo. AA significantly inhibited HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. In vivo, AA significantly reduced the microvascular density and blood vascular permeability in breast cancer tumors and inhibited growth and lung metastasis. AA inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HUVECs and subsequently downregulated the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and its downstream target proteins including ERK1/2, Src, and FAK. These results indicate that AA significantly inhibits angiogenesis and blood vessel permeability through the VEGF/VEGFR2 signal axis to inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Our data strongly demonstrate the potential applications of AA in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kan Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Chu
- Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jialin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Madecassoside and Other Major Constituents of Centella asiatica: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a popular herb well-known for its wide range of therapeutic effects and its use as a folk medicine for many years. Its therapeutic properties have been well correlated with the presence of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic and madecassic acids, the pentacyclic triterpenes. The herb has been extensively known to treat skin conditions; nevertheless, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have scientifically demonstrated its effectiveness in other disorders. Among the active constituents that have been identified in Centella asiatica, madecassoside has been the subject of only a relatively small number of scientific reports. Therefore, this review, while including other major constituents of this plant, focuses on the therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of madecassoside.
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Biswas D, Mandal S, Chatterjee Saha S, Tudu CK, Nandy S, Batiha GES, Shekhawat MS, Pandey DK, Dey A. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6624-6654. [PMID: 34463404 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is an Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of different health problems and as an edible vegetable in a regular diet. Ease of availability in the wide range of environmental conditions plus low-cost cultivation process has made the plant popular in ethno-medicinal healthcare systems. In the present review, phytochemical analysis of plant-extract and pharmacological activities of bioactive-compounds are discussed based upon the available reports to understand their therapeutic potentialities along with the mechanisms behind. The results exhibited that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids demonstrated an array of pharmacological effects and health benefits, some of which were confirmed in many preclinical and clinical studies. Those reports also provided considerable evidences in support of the principles of folk treatment in different countries. Increase and maintenance of the prospective plant secondary metabolites would provide an enriched resource of drug molecules. Development of suitable derivatives of the therapeutic compounds can give an assurance for getting more effective drug candidates with reduced side effects. The review also enumerates the application of advanced nanotechnology, toxicology, and clinical-trial reports on the plant with notes on the shortcomings in the present research and future perspectives of using this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dew Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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You L, Zhao Y, Kuca K, Wang X, Oleksak P, Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Jaćević V, Wu Q, Wu W. Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and immune evasion: a trinity of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON). Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1899-1915. [PMID: 33765170 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are type A and B trichothecenes, respectively. They widely occur as pollutants in food and crops and cause a series of toxicities, including immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress is the primary mechanistic basis of these toxic effects. Increasing amounts of evidence have shown that mitochondria are significant targets of apoptosis caused by T-2 toxin- and DON-induced oxidative stress via regulation of Bax/B-cell lymphoma-2 and caspase-3/caspase-9 signaling. DNA methylation and autophagy are involved in oxidative stress related to apoptosis, and hypoxia and immune evasion are related to oxidative stress in this context. Hypoxia induces oxidative stress by stimulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and regulates the expression of cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 is upregulated by these cytokines and by hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which allows it to bind to programmed cell death-1 to enable escape of immune cell surveillance and achievement of immune evasion. This review concentrates on novel findings regarding the oxidative stress mechanisms of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and DON. Importantly, we discuss the new evidence regarding the connection of hypoxia and immune evasion with oxidative stress in this context. Finally, the trinity of hypoxia, oxidative stress and immune evasion is highlighted. This work will be conducive to an improved understanding of the oxidative stress caused by trichothecene mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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13
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Khan IN, Shill MC, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Alencar MVOB, Melo-Cavalcante AAC, Mubarak MS. Anti-Cancer Effects of Asiatic Acid, a Triterpene from Centilla asiatica L: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:536-547. [PMID: 31823705 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191211103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Asiatic Acid (AA), a triterpene and a known component of this herb, has been shown to display important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant, hepatoprotective, pancreas protective, and cardio- protective. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on AA's anti-cancer effects on the basis of published literature found in a number of databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Emphasis has been given to the mechanisms of action of its anti-cancer effect. METHODS A literature survey was conducted using known databases such as PubMed and Science Direct using the keywords 'Asiatic acid', pairing with 'cancer', 'tumor', 'anti-cancer effect', 'cytotoxic effect', 'anti-tumor activity', 'cell line', 'animal cancer', and 'human cancer'. RESULTS Findings suggest that AA exerts anti-cancer effects in several test systems through various pathways, including oxidative/antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, necrosis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferation and cell migration, and chemoprevention. CONCLUSION AA may be an effective plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a promising lead for the development of potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals Limited, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park-5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shaikh J Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Manik C Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - João M de Castro E Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64 067-670, Brazil
| | | | - Ana A C Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil
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14
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Gutiérrez-Añez JC, Lucas-Hahn A, Hadeler KG, Aldag P, Niemann H. Melatonin enhances in vitro developmental competence of cumulus-oocyte complexes collected by ovum pick-up in prepubertal and adult dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 161:285-293. [PMID: 33360610 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine oocytes from prepubertal donors have been used for in vitro embryo production to decrease the generation interval. However, reduced cumulus-oocyte competence, mainly attributed to increased apoptosis, has been observed in oocytes/embryos collected from prepubertal donors. Here, we investigated the effects of the potent antioxidative molecule melatonin on cumulus-oocyte competence and embryo development in prepubertal and adult dairy cattle in vitro. A total of fifteen Holstein Friesian calves, six to ten months old (7.6 ± 1.34 months of age). And fifteen adult cows with one to four calvings (2.3 ± 0.96 calvings) were enrolled as ovum pick up (OPU) donors in this study. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured either in the presence or absence of melatonin (0.01 nM). The proportion of cleavage stages, blastocysts, and advanced blastocysts was determined. Embryo quality was assessed via differential staining to determine the total embryonic cells and allocation to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells. Melatonin treatment yielded a greater percentage of blastocysts compared to the control group, i.e. oocytes from both adult cows (P = 0.0485; 24.8 ± 3.5% vs. 16.0 ± 3.4%, respectively), and from prepubertal donors (P = 0.0007; Melatonin 23.1 ± 5.1% vs. Control: 11.1 ± 3.5%). Adult cows had significantly (P = 0.0370) greater advanced blastocyst rates than those found in the prepubertal group (13.9%± vs. 7.0±%, respectively). Additionally, the number of ICM, total cells, and the ratios ICM: Total, ICM: TE, respectively, were greater (P < 0.05) after melatonin treatment compared with the control group (39.1 ± 2.8, 98.6 ± 5.7, 0.4 ± 0.01, and 0.7 ± 0.04 vs. 27.3 ± 2.9, 81.2 ± 5.8, 0.34 ± 0.01, and 0.52 ± 0.04, respectively). Blastocysts derived from adult cows had a greater number of TE (P = 0.01) and total embryonic cells (P = 0.0095) compared to the prepubertal donor group (63.5 ± 3.2 and 101.05 ± 4.8 vs. 48.9 ± 4.3 and 78.8 ± 6.5, respectively). Nevertheless, embryonic cell counting in embryos derived from prepubertal COCs equated to that observed from adult donors after melatonin exposure. In conclusion, these results indicate that the presence of melatonin during in vitro maturation improves cumulus-oocyte competence, embryo development, and quality by increasing the allocation of embryonic cells to the ICM compartment and the total number of embryonic cells in both adult and prepubertal bovine donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Añez
- Medical-Surgical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, (FLI), Mariensee, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Aldag
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, (FLI), Mariensee, Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Natural Agents Targeting Mitochondria in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196992. [PMID: 32977472 PMCID: PMC7582837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key energy provider to highly proliferating cancer cells, and are subsequently considered one of the critical targets in cancer therapeutics. Several compounds have been studied for their mitochondria-targeting ability in cancer cells. These studies’ outcomes have led to the invention of “mitocans”, a category of drug known to precisely target the cancer cells’ mitochondria. Based upon their mode of action, mitocans have been divided into eight classes. To date, different synthetic compounds have been suggested to be potential mitocans, but unfortunately, they are observed to exert adverse effects. Many studies have been published justifying the medicinal significance of large numbers of natural agents for their mitochondria-targeting ability and anticancer activities with minimal or no side effects. However, these natural agents have never been critically analyzed for their mitochondria-targeting activity. This review aims to evaluate the various natural agents affecting mitochondria and categorize them in different classes. Henceforth, our study may further support the potential mitocan behavior of various natural agents and highlight their significance in formulating novel potential anticancer therapeutics.
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16
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Tesfaye S, Asres K, Lulekal E, Alebachew Y, Tewelde E, Kumarihamy M, Muhammad I. Ethiopian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Cancer, Part 2: A Review on Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative, and Antitumor Phytochemicals, and Future Perspective. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174032. [PMID: 32899373 PMCID: PMC7504812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview on the active phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants that are traditionally used to manage cancer in Ethiopia. A total of 119 articles published between 1968 and 2020 have been reviewed, using scientific search engines such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty-seven medicinal plant species that belong to eighteen families are documented along with their botanical sources, potential active constituents, and in vitro and in vivo activities against various cancer cells. The review is compiled and discusses the potential anticancer, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic agents based on the types of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, steroids, and lignans. Among the anticancer secondary metabolites reported in this review, only few have been isolated from plants that are originated and collected in Ethiopia, and the majority of compounds are reported from plants belonging to different areas of the world. Thus, based on the available bioactivity reports, extensive and more elaborate ethnopharmacology-based bioassay-guided studies have to be conducted on selected traditionally claimed Ethiopian anticancer plants, which inherited from a unique and diverse landscape, with the aim of opening a way forward to conduct anticancer drug discovery program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tesfaye
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (K.A.); (Y.A.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (I.M.); Tel.: +251-930-518-816 (S.T.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
| | - Kaleab Asres
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (K.A.); (Y.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Ermias Lulekal
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, 34731 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
| | - Yonatan Alebachew
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (K.A.); (Y.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Eyael Tewelde
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (K.A.); (Y.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Mallika Kumarihamy
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (I.M.); Tel.: +251-930-518-816 (S.T.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
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17
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Zulkipli NN, Zakaria R, Long I, Abdullah SF, Muhammad EF, Wahab HA, Sasongko TH. In Silico Analyses and Cytotoxicity Study of Asiaticoside and Asiatic Acid from Malaysian Plant as Potential mTOR Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173991. [PMID: 32887218 PMCID: PMC7504803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain a popular alternative treatment for many ailments in various countries. This study aimed to screen for potential mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors from Malaysian natural substance, using the Natural Product Discovery database, and to determine the IC50 of the selected mTOR inhibitors against UMB1949 cell line. The crystallographic structure of the molecular target (mTOR) was obtained from Protein Data Bank, with Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 4DRI. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, was used as a standard compound for the comparative analysis. Computational docking approach was performed, using AutoDock Vina (screening) and AutoDock 4.2.6 (analysis). Based on our analysis, asiaticoside and its derivative, asiatic acid, both from Centella asiatica, revealed optimum-binding affinities with mTOR that were comparable to our standard compound. The effect of asiaticoside and asiatic acid on mTOR inhibition was validated with UMB1949 cell line, and their IC50 values were 300 and 60 µM, respectively, compared to everolimus (29.5 µM). Interestingly, this is the first study of asiaticoside and asiatic acid against tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) disease model by targeting mTOR. These results, coupled with our in silico findings, should prompt further studies, to clarify the mode of action, safety, and efficacy of these compounds as mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (H.A.W.); Tel.: +60-9-7676156 (R.Z.)
| | - Idris Long
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Fadilah Abdullah
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Erma Fatiha Muhammad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (H.A.W.); Tel.: +60-9-7676156 (R.Z.)
| | - Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- School of Medicine, Perdana University-RCSI, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Garanti T, Alhnan MA, Wan KW. RGD-decorated solid lipid nanoparticles enhance tumor targeting, penetration and anticancer effect of asiatic acid. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1567-1583. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Asiatic acid (AA) is a promising anticancer agent, however, its delivery to glioblastoma is a major challenge. This work investigates the beneficial therapeutic efficacy of RGD-conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (RGD-SLNs) for the selective targeting of AA to gliblastoma. Materials & methods: AA-containing RGD-SLNs were prepared using two different PEG-linker size. Targetability and efficacy were tested using monolayer cells and spheroid tumor models. Results: RGD-SLNs significantly improved cytotoxicity of AA against U87-MG monolayer cells and enhanced cellular uptake compared with non-RGD-containing SLNs. In spheroid models, AA-containing RGD-SLNs showed superior control in tumor growth, improved cytotoxicity and enhanced spheroid penetration when compared with AA alone or non-RGD-containing SLNs. Conclusion: This study illustrates the potential of AA-loaded RGD-SLNs as efficacious target-specific treatment for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanem Garanti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, 99258, Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ka-Wai Wan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
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19
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Meng YQ, Tong H, Li XX, Kuai ZY, Li QW, Xu CD. Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of derivatives of ring A of asiatic acid. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:689-700. [PMID: 31122063 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1616693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the simulation of the docking of survivin protein with known small molecule inhibitors, the active groups which can bind to target proteins were analyzed by the techniques of computer-aided drug design (CADD). These active groups were introduced into the A-ring of asiatic acid and their C-28 sites were reconstructed simultaneously. Ten asiatic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by MS and NMR. The inhibitory activities of the asiatic acid derivatives against HepG2 and SGC7901 cell lines were evaluated and confirmed by the tetrazolium bromidesalt (MTT) assay. The results showed that compounds I6 and II4 exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than the positive control drug gefitinib, which was comparable to that of adriamycin.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - He Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian-Wen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Chuan-Dong Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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20
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Liao BQ, Liu CB, Xie SJ, Liu Y, Deng YB, He SW, Fu XP, Fu BB, Wang YL, Chen MH, Lin YH, Li FP, Xie X, Hong XR, Wang HL. Effects of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on ovarian function and embryo quality in mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105338. [PMID: 31841806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has an adverse effect on reproductive function, in particular causing reduced male reproductive function, but relatively few studies have directly targeted its effects on female reproduction. To investigate the effects of PM2.5 exposure on female reproduction, we exposed female mice to PM2.5 by intratracheal instillation for 28 days, and evaluated apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes and the quality embryos after insemination. Our results showed increased numbers of apoptotic granulosa cells and oocytes after exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, which had adverse effects on female fertility via compromising embryo development and quality. We conclude that PM2.5 induced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes leading to disrupted embryo development and female fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Qiong Liao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China; Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chao-Bin Liu
- The Fourth Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Shu-Juan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China; Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ya-Bin Deng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shu-Wen He
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xian-Pei Fu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Bin-Bin Fu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ya-Long Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yan-Hong Lin
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fei-Ping Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xi Xie
- The Fourth Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Ru Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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21
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Kim JH, Jee BC. Effects of Butylparaben Supplementation on In Vitro Development of Mouse Preantral Follicle. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1365-1371. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Huang J, Wang H, Huang M, Zong Z, Wu X, Xu J, Lan H, Zheng J, Zhang X, Lee YW, Wei B, Cui L, Li G, Lin S. Asiatic Acid Attenuates Bone Loss by Regulating Osteoclastic Differentiation. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:531-545. [PMID: 31435709 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anti-resorptive agents like bisphosphonates have been widely used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, their long-term safety and efficacy are still controversial. This study is to examine the effect of Asiatic acid (AA) in osteoclastic differentiation, and further to investigate its effect on bone quality in animals. Effect of AA on osteoclastic differentiation was measured by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain, bone resorption pit assays, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling were measured by western blot before and after AA treatment. Ovariectomized (OVX) wild-type or Smad7 partially knock out mice were used to evaluate the effects of AA on bone quality by micro-computed tomography, mechanical test, and histomorphometry. Results revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of AA on osteoclastic differentiation. After AA treatment, Smad7 was upregulated, while NF-κB and TGF-β signaling were inhibited during osteoclastic differentiation. Results from animal study revealed that AA prevented bone from further loss caused by OVX and increased the mechanical properties of femur in wild-type animals. AA also prevented bone loss in the Smad7-deficient animals. When combining with OVX in the Smad7-deficient mice, AA could only partially preserve their bone mass. Taken together, we found that AA effectively inhibited osteoclastic differentiation and attenuated osteoporosis, which effects may be through TGF-β and NF-κB pathways. This study reveals that AA may be a potential anti-resorptive agent for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyou Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchang Zheng
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuk Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 74038, 5/F, Lui Chee Woo Clinical Science Building, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Minimally Invasive Orthopaedic Lab, 2/F, Clinical Skill Training Building, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524002, People's Republic of China.
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Hodon J, Borkova L, Pokorny J, Kazakova A, Urban M. Design and synthesis of pentacyclic triterpene conjugates and their use in medicinal research. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111653. [PMID: 31499360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are natural products from plants and many other organisms that have various biological activities, such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, and protective activities. This review covers the synthesis and biological evaluation of pentacyclic triterpene (PT) conjugates with other molecules that have been found to increase the IC50 or improve the pharmacological profile of the parent PT. Some of these molecules are designed to target specific proteins or cellular organelles, which has resulted in highly selective lead structures for drug development. Other PT conjugates are useful for investigating their mechanism of action. This concept has been very successful: 1) Many compounds, especially mitochondria-targeting PT conjugates, have reached a selective cytotoxicity at low nanomolar concentrations in cancer cells. 2) A number of PT conjugates have had high activity against HIV or the influenza virus. 3) Fluorescent PT conjugates have been able to visualize the PT in living cells, which has allowed quantification of the uptake and distribution of the PT within the cell. 4) Biotinylated PT conjugates have been used to identify target proteins, which may help to show their mechanism of action. 5) A large number of PT conjugates with polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyamines, etc. form nanometer-sized micelles that have a much better pharmacological profile than the PT alone. In summary, the connection of a PT to an appropriate modifying molecule has resulted in extremely useful semisynthetic compounds with a high potential to treat cancer or viral infections or compounds that are useful for the study of the mechanism of action of PTs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hodon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Borkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pokorny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kazakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Cui Q, Ren J, Zhou Q, Yang Q, Li B. Effect of asiatic acid on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human alveolar epithelium A549 cells induced by TGF-β1. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4285-4292. [PMID: 30988806 PMCID: PMC6447948 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban that possesses significant antitumor activities. In the present study, the mechanism of AA on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated in the lung cancer cell line A549. To do so, cell morphological alterations were observed and recorded at different time periods. Cells treated with TGF-β1 were spindle-shaped and characterized as stromal cells, whereas AA-treated cells exhibited epithelial cell characteristics and increased intercellular adhesion. The MTT assay demonstrated that the high concentration of AA inhibited the viability of A549 cells treated with TGF-β. In addition, the wound healing and Transwell assays revealed that AA inhibited TGF-β1-induced invasion and migration of A549 cells. Furthermore, AA treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, and decreased the expression levels of snail family transcriptional repressor (Snail), N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin in TGF-β1-treated A549 cells. In conclusion, these results suggested that AA may inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT in lung cancer through increased expression of E-cadherin, and inhibition of Snail, N-cadherin and vimentin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Cui
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Qinmei Yang
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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25
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Li DD, Luo Z, Ling SC, Wu K, Chen GH, Cheng J. Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated the Zn-induced lipolysis in yellow catfish Peteobagrus fulvidraco. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:907-915. [PMID: 30068034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the study, effects of waterborne zinc (Zn) exposure on apoptosis were investigated, and the potential mechanism of apoptosis participating in the Zn-induced variations of lipid metabolism was explored in a low vertebrate, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. We found that Zn induced occurrence of apoptosis of livers and hepatocytes in yellow catfish. Waterborne Zn also increased hepatic transcriptional levels of p53, cytochrome c (Cycs), caspase 3a (Casp3a) and caspase 3b (Casp3b) of yellow catfish. Zn increased caspase 3 activity and reduced the mitochondrial permeability transition (MTP) in yellow catfish hepatocytes. Z-VAD-fmk (caspase inhibitor) and CsA pretreatment (MTP inhibitor) attenuated the Zn-induced apoptosis and reduction in MTP. Z-VAD-fmk pretreatments attenuated the Zn-induced increase in transcriptional levels of p53, Cycs and Casp3b although the differences were not statistically significant between the Zn group and Zn + Z-VAD-fmk group. In contrast, Zn and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not significantly influence the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Zn significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) content, increased the activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT I), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose TAG lipase (ATGL), and the transcriptional levels of p53, Cycs and caspase 3b of the hepatocytes; these Zn-induced effects on TG contents, activities of CPT I, HSL and ATGL, and mRNA levels of p53, Cycs and caspase 3b could partly be reversed by Z-VAD-fmk, suggesting that Zn induced the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and reduced lipid accumulation. Taken together, our study demonstrated the importance of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Zn-induced lipolysis, which suggested a new mechanism for elucidating metal element influencing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shi-Cheng Ling
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Meng YQ, Cui HB, Li L, Zhang WC, Pan HS, Yu TT, Li W. Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of asiatic acid derivatives as survivin inhibitor. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:897-908. [PMID: 29304559 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1405940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of asiatic acid derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxicities in vitro against two cancer cell lines (HepG2 and SGC7901) were evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that compounds I2, I6, and II6 have more potent anticancer activity than that of the positive control drug paclitaxel. The interactions between the compounds I2, I6, and II6 and survivin were also studied by docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Meng
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Hua-Bo Cui
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Lei Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Wei-Chen Zhang
- b ShanDong Sito Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Shenyang Branch , Shenyang 110169 , China
| | - Hong-Shuang Pan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Wei Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
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28
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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) polysaccharide attenuates cellular apoptosis in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head by targeting caspase-3-dependent signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:106-112. [PMID: 29729342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a purified polysaccharide (SPS) from the safflower in a cellular model of steroid-associated necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH), which was established in primary murine osteoblasts suffering dexamethasone pretreatment. After treatment with SPS (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml), the degree of necrosis induced by dexamethasone was significantly reduced in osteoblasts as evidenced by an increase of cell viability and a decrease of apoptosis in osteoblasts. Furthermore, pretreatment with SPS (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) significantly attenuated the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP relative to the model control cells. The addition of caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK) in dexamethasone-treated osteoblasts resulted in the inefficiency of SPS for inhibiting cellular apoptosis. Dose-dependent increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis and mineralization were also observed in SPS-treated osteoblasts at 72 h. The present study demonstrates that SPS may alleviate dexamethasone associated osteonecrosis by inhibiting caspsae-3-mediated apoptosis and may provide an alternative treatment for SANFH.
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29
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Gai HF, An JX, Qian XY, Wei YJ, Williams JP, Gao GL. Ovarian Damages Produced by Aerosolized Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) Pollution in Mice: Possible Protective Medications and Mechanisms. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:1400-1410. [PMID: 28584201 PMCID: PMC5463468 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.207472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ambient aerosol fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with male reproductive toxicity in experiments and may have adverse effects in the female. However, studies evaluating the protective effects and precise mechanisms of aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or ozone against toxic effects of PM2.5 are sparse. This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects and mechanisms of aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or ozone on fertility in female mice treated with PM2.5. Methods: Eighty-four ICR mice were divided into six groups: control group, PM2.5 group, PM2.5 + aspirin group, PM2.5 + Vitamin C group, PM2.5 + Vitamin E group, and PM2.5 + ozone group. PM2.5 was given by intratracheal instillation every 2 days for 3 weeks. Aspirin, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E were given once a day by oral gavage for 3 weeks, and ozone was administered by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 weeks. The levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting analysis was used to analyze the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in ovaries. Changes in histological structure were examined by light microscope and electron microscopy was used to detect ultramicrostructure. Results: The results demonstrated that PM2.5 decreased AMH levels (P < 0.001); however, aspirin (P < 0.001), Vitamin C (P < 0.001), Vitamin E (P = 0.001), and ozone (P = 0.002) alleviated the decrease. Changes of IL-6, TNF-α, 8-OHdG, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in PM2.5 group were increased compared to control group (P < 0.001), while in PM2.5 + aspirin, PM2.5 + Vitamin C, PM2.5 + Vitamin E, and PM2.5 + ozone groups, they were statistically decreased compared to PM2.5 group (P < 0.001 or P < 0.05). Conclusions: PM2.5 cause the damage of ovaries, and aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and ozone antagonizes the damage. The protective mechanism is probably due to its ability to blunt the inflammatory and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5, which subsequently suppressing the expression of apoptotic regulatory protein and reducing the incidence of ovary apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Gai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian-Xiong An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yong-Jie Wei
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - John P Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Guo-Lan Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Jing Y, Wang G, Xiao Q, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Gong Z. Antiangiogenic effects of AA-PMe on HUVECs in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1871-1884. [PMID: 29670362 PMCID: PMC5894717 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes and several diseases are connected with its dysregulation. Asiatic acid (AA) has demonstrated anticancer properties and we suspect this might be attributable to an effect on angio-genesis. A modified derivative of AA, N-(2α,3β,23-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-L-proline methyl ester (AA-PMe), has improved efficacy over its parent compound, but its effect on blood vessel development remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of AA and AA-PMe in zebrafish embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). First of all, we treated HUVECs with increasing concentrations of AA-PMe or AA, with or without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) present, and assessed cell viability, tube formation, and cell migration and invasion. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were later used to determine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated signaling in AA-PMe inhibition of angiogenesis. We extended these studies to follow angiogenesis using Tg(fli:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos. For these experiments, embryos were treated with varying concentrations of AA-PMe or AA from 24 to 72 hours postfertilization prior to morphological observation, angiogenesis assessment, and endogenous alkaline phosphatase assay. VEGFR2 expression in whole embryos following AA-PMe treatment was also determined. Results We found AA-PMe decreased cell viability and inhibited migration and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs. Similarly, AA-PMe disrupted the formation of intersegmental vessels, the dorsal aorta, and the posterior cardinal vein in zebrafish embryos. Both in vitro and in vivo AA-PMe surpassed AA in its ability to block angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and disrupting downstream extracellular regulated protein kinase and AKT signaling. Conclusion For the first time, this study reveals that AA-PMe acts as a potent VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor and exerts powerful antiangiogenic activity, suggesting it to be a promising therapeutic candidate for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jing
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachun Zhou
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Hao Y, Huang J, Ma Y, Chen W, Fan Q, Sun X, Shao M, Cai H. Asiatic acid inhibits proliferation, migration and induces apoptosis by regulating Pdcd4 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in human colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8223-8230. [PMID: 29805556 PMCID: PMC5950025 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that asiatic acid (AA), the major component of Centella asiatica, is able to meditate cytotoxic and anticancer effects on various types of carcinoma cells. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism that underlies the antitumor effect of AA, the present study investigated the effects of AA on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cells. Viability and changes in cell morphology in the cells were assessed by MTT assay and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Colony formation analysis was used to observe proliferation of the single cell, and migratory ability of the cells was assessed by performing Transwell migration assay. Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining and flow cytometry were used to assess apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. The expression of proteins associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker were analyzed by western blotting. The present study revealed that proliferation and migration of colon carcinoma cells were inhibited by AA in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Numerous apoptotic bodies were observed, and G2/M and S phase progression were delayed in colon cancer cells treated with AA, but not in the control group. A number of phosphorylated proteins, including PI3K, Akt (Ser473), mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) downregulated, while the expression of Pdcd4 was upregulated following treatment with AA. Additionally, AA affects expression of EMT markers in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that AA inhibited proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells by regulating Pdcd4 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. These observations suggest that AA may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Hao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Meng Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Anti inflammatory effect of asiaticoside on human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:855-864. [PMID: 29460197 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and changes associated with atherosclerosis are crucial in clinical medicine. However, atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease. Asiaticoside (AA), a triterpenoid derived from Centella asiatica, has anti-inflammatory activity. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide is important in modulating vascular tone in a distinct vessel size-dependent manner; it plays a dominant role in conduit arteries and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarisation in resistance vessels. This study evaluated the effects of AA administration on human umbilical endothelial cells with oxidised low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammation. We measured the levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Our results indicated that 10-30 μM AA modulated endothelial hyper permeability, adenosine triphosphate levels, ICAM-1 expression, VCAM-1 expression, E-selectin levels, and PECAM-1 expression to 90% (p < 0.005), 80% (p < 0.05), 105% (p < 0.01), 65% (p < 0.005), 70% (p < 0.05), and 105% (p < 0.01), respectively. Taken together, our data suggest that AA inhibits the augmentation of endothelial permeability, thus preventing the early events of atherosclerosis.
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Gao X, Zheng Y, Ruan X, Ji H, Peng L, Guo D, Jiang S. Salinomycin induces primary chicken cardiomyocytes death via mitochondria mediated apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 282:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lv J, Sharma A, Zhang T, Wu Y, Ding X. Pharmacological Review on Asiatic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Potential Compound. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:111-127. [PMID: 29361877 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317751840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural triterpenes represent a group of pharmacologically active and structurally diverse organic compounds. The focus on these phytochemicals has been enormous in the past few years, worldwide. Asiatic acid (AA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, is found mainly in the traditional medicinal herb Centella asiatica. Triterpenoid saponins, which are the primary constituents of C. asiatica, are commonly believed to be responsible for their extensive therapeutic actions. Published research work has described the molecular mechanisms underlying the various biological activities of AA and its derivatives, which vary for each chronic disease. However, a compilation of the various pharmacological properties of AA has not yet been done. Herein, we describe in detail the pharmacological properties of AA and its derivatives that inhibit multiple pathways of intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors that are involved in the various stages of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the pharmacological activities of AA were compared with two natural compounds: curcumin and resveratrol. This review summarizes the research on AA and its derivatives and helps to provide future directions in the area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Lv
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alok Sharma
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Salvador JA, Leal AS, Valdeira AS, Gonçalves BM, Alho DP, Figueiredo SA, Silvestre SM, Mendes VI. Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:95-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Siddique AI, Mani V, Renganathan S, Ayyanar R, Nagappan A, Namasivayam N. Asiatic acid abridges pre-neoplastic lesions, inflammation, cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:197-211. [PMID: 29108773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The utmost aim of this present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and proapoptotic potential of Asiatic acid (AA) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in experimental rats. Rats were divided into six groups and received modified pellet diet for 32 weeks. Group 1 served as control rats. Group 2 received AA (4 mg/kg b.w. p.o.). Group 3-6 rats received 15 DMH (20 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) injections once a week starting from the 4th week. Besides DMH, rats received AA (4 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) in group 4 starting 2 weeks before carcinogen treatment till the end of the last DMH; group 5 starting 2 days after last DMH till the end of the experiment; and group 6 throughout the experiment. Pre-neoplastic lesions, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptotic markers were analysed in our study. Our results ascertained AA supplementation to DMH-exposed rats significantly decreased the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and phase I xenobiotic enzymes; and increased the phase II xenobiotic enzymes and mucin content as compared to DMH-alone-exposed rats. Moreover the increased expressions of mast cells, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 observed in the DMH-alone-exposed rats were reverted and were comparable with those of the control rats, when treated with AA. Concordantly AA also induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulating Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and -9 in the DMH-alone-exposed rats. Thus AA was able to inhibit DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis by detoxifying the carcinogen, decreasing the preneoplastic lesions by virtue of its anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. Therefore our findings suggest that AA could be used as an effective chemopreventive agent against DMH induced colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktarul Islam Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Mani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senbagarani Renganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Ayyanar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananthi Nagappan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yu YC, Kuang WB, Huang RZ, Fang YL, Zhang Y, Chen ZF, Ma XL. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 2-oxo-quinoline derivatives containing α-aminophosphonates as potential antitumor agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1158-1172. [PMID: 30108826 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00098g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-oxo-quinoline derivatives containing α-aminophosphonates were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay results demonstrated that some compounds exhibited moderate to high inhibitory activity against HepG2, SK-OV-3 and NCI-H460 tumor cell lines, and most compounds showed much lower cytotoxicity against HL-7702 normal cells than 5-FU and cisplatin. The action mechanism of representative compound 5b was investigated by fluorescence staining assay, flow cytometric analysis and western blot (WB) assay, which indicated that this compound induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest accompanied by an increase in the production of intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affecting associated enzymes and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Yu
- College of Pharmacy , Guilin Medical University , Guilin 541004 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 773 5895132.,State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , PR China .
| | - Wen-Bin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , PR China .
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , PR China .
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , PR China .
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Pharmacy , Guilin Medical University , Guilin 541004 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 773 5895132.,State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , PR China . .,Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science , Guilin Normal College , Guilin 541001 , PR China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , PR China .
| | - Xian-Li Ma
- College of Pharmacy , Guilin Medical University , Guilin 541004 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 773 5895132
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Chen H, Hua XM, Ze BC, Wang B, Wei L. The anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human corneal epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:179-185. [PMID: 28251074 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid (AA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS Cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in HCECs. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the ROS assay kit. Glutathione (GSH) concentration was measured using the total GSH assay kit. Akt1 and Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt1) levels were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS AA induced toxicity at high concentrations and significantly stimulated the proliferation of HCECs at concentrations of 20 µmol/L for 1h. LPS at concentrations of 300 ng/mL for 1h significantly stimulated the mRNA expression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β in HCECs, while the stimulation effects were significantly inhibited by AA (20 µmol/L). In addition, AA was found to decrease the content of ROS, increase GSH generation, and also inhibit LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs. CONCLUSION AA decreases the generation of inflammatory factors IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β in LPS-stimulated HCECs. AA significantly inhibites the intracellular concentrations of ROS and increases GSH generation. AA also inhibites LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs. These findings reveal that AA has anti-inflammation effects in LPS-stimulated HCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Min Hua
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bai-Chen Ze
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Wei
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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Siddique AI, Mani V, Arivalagan S, Thomas NS, Namasivayam N. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Asiatic acid attenuates pre-neoplastic lesions, oxidative stress, biotransforming enzymes and histopathological alterations in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced experimental rat colon carcinogenesis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:136-150. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1273422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aktarul Islam Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Vijay Mani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Sivaranjani Arivalagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Nisha Susan Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Wang G, Jing Y, Cao L, Gong C, Gong Z, Cao X. A novel synthetic Asiatic acid derivative induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and mobility of gastric cancer cells by suppressing STAT3 signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 10:55-66. [PMID: 28053540 PMCID: PMC5189974 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), has been linked to the proliferation and migration of a variety of human cancer cells. These actions occur via the upregulation or downregulation of cell survival and tumor suppressor genes, respectively. Importantly, agents that can suppress STAT3 activation have the potential for use in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. In this study, an Asiatic acid (AA) derivative, N-(2α,3β,23-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-l-proline methyl ester (AA-PMe), is reported to dose dependently suppress constitutive STAT3 activation in gastric cancer cells. This inhibition was mediated by blockade of Janus-activated kinase 2. Additionally, AA-PMe regulated the expression of STAT3-modulated gene products, including cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, c-Myc, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Finally, transfection with both a STAT3 mimic and an inhibitor reversed the AA-PMe-driven modulation of STAT3 downstream gene products. Overall, these results suggest that AA-PMe is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation and has the potential for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Lingsen Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchang Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Ren L, Cao QX, Zhai FR, Yang SQ, Zhang HX. Asiatic acid exerts anticancer potential in human ovarian cancer cells via suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2377-2382. [PMID: 26984021 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1156709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid compound extracted from the tropical medicinal plant Centella asiatica (Family: Apiaceae), has exhibited various biological activities. Objective This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of asiatic acid on human ovarian cancer cells. Materials and methods SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells were exposed to different concentrations of asiatic acid (10-100 μg/mL) for 72 or 48 h. Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic response were examined. Involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was tested. Results At the concentration of 40 μg/mL, asiatic acid caused about 50% reduction in the viability of ovarian cancer cells, but had little effect on the viability of normal human ovarian epithelial cells. Asiatic acid at 10 μg/mL reduced colony formation of ovarian cancer cells by 25-30%. Asiatic acid-treated cells showed a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and 7- to 10-fold increase in apoptosis. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were remarkably lower in asiatic acid-treated cells. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt partially reversed the cytotoxic effects of asiatic acid, as evidenced by increased cell viability and colony formation. Furthermore, knockdown of Akt mimicked the growth-suppressive activity of asiatic acid. Discussion and conclusion These results provide first the evidence for the anticancer potential of asiatic acid in ovarian cancer cells, partially via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Asiatic acid may represent a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Qin-Xue Cao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Feng-Rong Zhai
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Shao-Qin Yang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
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42
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Lu Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Wang D, Gao J, Zhu L. Asiatic acid uncouples respiration in isolated mouse liver mitochondria and induces HepG2 cells death. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:212-223. [PMID: 27288117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid, one of the triterpenoid components isolated from Centella asiatica, has received increasing attention due to a wide variety of biological activities. To date, little is known about its mechanisms of action. Here we examined the cytotoxic effect of asiatic acid on HepG2 cells and elucidated some of the underlying mechanisms. Asiatic acid induced rapid cell death, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dissipation, ATP depletion and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol in HepG2 cells. In mitochondria isolated from mouse liver, asiatic acid treatment significantly stimulated the succinate-supported state 4 respiration rate, dissipated the MMP, increased Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria, decreased ATP content and promoted cytochrome c release, indicating the uncoupling effect of asiatic acid. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by succinate-supported mitochondrial respiration was also significantly inhibited by asiatic acid. In addition, asiatic acid inhibited Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling but did not induce mitochondrial swelling in hyposmotic potassium acetate medium which suggested that asiatic acid may not act as a protonophoric uncoupler. Inhibition of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or blockade of adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) attenuated the effect of asiatic acid on MMP dissipation, Ca(2+) release, mitochondrial respiration and HepG2 cell death. When combined inhibition of UCPs and ANT, asiatic acid-mediated uncoupling effect was noticeably alleviated. These results suggested that both UCPs and ANT partially contribute to the uncoupling properties of asiatic acid. In conclusion, asiatic acid is a novel mitochondrial uncoupler and this property is potentially involved in its toxicity on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Dang Wang
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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Gonçalves BMF, Salvador JAR, Marín S, Cascante M. Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel fluorinated asiatic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:101-17. [PMID: 26974379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel fluorinated Asiatic Acid (AA) derivatives were successfully synthesized, tested for their antiproliferative activity against HeLa and HT-29 cell lines, and their structure activity relationships were evaluated. The great majority of fluorinated derivatives showed stronger antiproliferative activity than AA in a concentration dependent manner. The most active compounds have a pentameric A-ring containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group. The compounds with better cytotoxic activity were then evaluated against MCF-7, Jurkat, PC-3, A375, MIA PaCa-2 and BJ cell lines. Derivative 14 proved to be the most active compound among all tested derivatives and its mechanism of action was further investigated in HeLa cell line. The results showed that compound 14 induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 stage as a consequence of up-regulation of p21(cip1/waf1) and p27(kip1) and down-regulation of cyclin D3 and Cyclin E. Furthermore, compound 14 was found to induce caspase driven-apoptosis with activation of caspases-8 and caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP. The cleavage of Bid into t-Bid, the up-regulation of Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 were also observed after treatment of HeLa cells with compound 14. Taken together, these mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in the apoptotic process induced by compound 14. Importantly, the antiproliferative activity of this compound on the non-tumor BJ human fibroblast cell line is weaker than in the tested cancer cell lines. The enhanced potency (between 45 and 90-fold more active than AA in a panel of cancer cell lines) and selectivity of this new AA derivative warrant further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M F Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Silvia Marín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit to CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit to CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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44
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Gonçalves BMF, Salvador JAR, Marín S, Cascante M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel asiatic acid derivatives with anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19120c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural modification of asiatic acid afforded derivatives with improved anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. F. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Silvia Marín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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45
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Huang RZ, Wang CY, Li JF, Yao GY, Pan YM, Ye MY, Wang HS, Zhang Y. Synthesis, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of novel asiatic acid derivatives containing α-aminophosphonates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11397d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel asiatic acid derivatives containing α-aminophosphonates was designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. Compound 3d blocked the T24 cell cycle at G1/S phase by the p53-dependent pathway and induced apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Cai-Yi Wang
- College of Chemical and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- China
| | - Jian-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Gui-Yang Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- PR China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Man-Yi Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science
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Gonçalves BMF, Salvador JAR, Santos DSM, Marín S, Cascante M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel asiatic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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47
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Cheng QL, Li HL, Huang ZQ, Chen YJ, Liu TS. 2β, 3β, 23-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-28-olic acid (TUA) isolated from Actinidia chinensis Radix inhibits NCI-H460 cell proliferation by decreasing NF-κB expression. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Zhao CH, Zhang CL, Shi JJ, Hou XY, Feng B, Zhao LX. Design, synthesis, and biofunctional evaluation of novel pentacyclic triterpenes bearing O-[4-(1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-butyryl moiety as antiproliferative agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4500-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Li YY, Wu H, Dong YG, Lin BO, Xu G, Ma YB. Application of eupatilin in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2505-2510. [PMID: 26622880 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone, commonly known as eupatilin, is a traditional Asian medicinal plant, which is mainly used for the treatment of gastritis, as well as its use as an anti-inflammatory agent. Eupatilin is a bioactive compound; however, its effects on osteosarcoma (OS) have remained to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of eupatilin on this malignant bone tumor, using the U-2 OS cell line. The experimental results revealed that eupatilin inhibited U-2 OS cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, western blot analysis indicated that eupatilin was able to trigger the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, demonstrated by the enhanced Bax/B cell lymphoma-2 ratio, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, caspase-3 and -9 activation and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage detected in the U-2 OS cells. These results indicated that eupatilin was able to inhibit U-2 OS cancer cell proliferation by the induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Eupatilin may therefore represent a novel anticancer drug for use in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157013, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sengong Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Guo Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - B O Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bo Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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Li N, Liu K, Yuan H, Zhu J, Yu G, Xie J, Fu S, Guo K, Ye L. The effect of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:643-650. [PMID: 25681707 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is considered to be a reproductive toxicant. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of MEHP on apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells and explore potential mechanism. Granulosa cells were treated with MEHP (0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol/l). Inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis rate were observed in 50 and 100 μmol/l groups. CASPASE3 activity and BAX expression were significantly raised in all MEHP-treated groups; BCL2 expression was elevated in 25 μmol/l group, while inhibited in 50 and 100 μmol/l groups; BAX/BCL2 ratio was increased in a typical dose-effect relationship. In conclusion, this study showed that MEHP exposure induced cell viability decrease and apoptosis, associated with increase of CASPASE3 activity and BAX/BCL2 ratio. Moreover, CASPASE3 activity showed a reversed dose-dependent effect in MEHP-treated groups, indicating there might exist other CASPASE-independent pathway involved in MEHP-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China; The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116012, China
| | - Keqiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Guangyan Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Jingli Xie
- Department of Radiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Songpo Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
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