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Zengarini C, Guglielmo A, Mussi M, Motta G, Agostinelli C, Sabattini E, Piraccini BM, Pileri A. A Narrative Review of the State of the Art of CCR4-Based Therapies in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Focus on Mogamulizumab and Future Treatments. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:32. [PMID: 38804300 PMCID: PMC11130839 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The CCR4 receptor is a pivotal target in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) therapy due to its role in impairing immune responses against malignant T-cells and expression profiles. Monoclonal antibodies like mogamulizumab effectively bind to CCR4, reducing tumour burden and enhancing patient outcomes by inhibiting the receptor's interaction with ligands, thereby hindering malignant T-cell migration and survival. Combining CCR4 antibodies with chemotherapy, radiation, and other drugs is being explored for synergistic effects. Additionally, small-molecular inhibitors, old pharmacological agents interacting with CCR4, and CAR-T therapies are under investigation. Challenges include drug resistance, off-target effects, and patient selection, addressed through ongoing trials refining protocols and identifying biomarkers. Despite advancements, real-life data for most of the emerging treatments are needed to temper expectations. In conclusion, CCR4-targeted therapies show promise for CTCL management, but challenges persist. Continued research aims to optimise treatments, enhance outcomes, and transform CTCL management. This review aims to elucidate the biological rationale and the several agents under various stages of development and clinical evaluation with the actual known data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Zengarini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Guglielmo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Martina Mussi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Division of Haematopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Division of Haematopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Division of Haematopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Back to the future: re-establishing guinea pig in vivo asthma models. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1219-1242. [PMID: 32501497 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research using animal models of asthma is currently dominated by mouse models. This has been driven by the comprehensive knowledge on inflammatory and immune reactions in mice, as well as tools to produce genetically modified mice. Many of the identified therapeutic targets influencing airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in mouse models, have however been disappointing when tested clinically in asthma. It is therefore a great need for new animal models that more closely resemble human asthma. The guinea pig has for decades been used in asthma research and a comprehensive table of different protocols for asthma models is presented. The studies have primarily been focused on the pharmacological aspects of the disease, where the guinea pig undoubtedly is superior to mice. Further reasons are the anatomical and physiological similarities between human and guinea pig airways compared with that of the mouse, especially with respect to airway branching, neurophysiology, pulmonary circulation and smooth muscle distribution, as well as mast cell localization and mediator secretion. Lack of reagents and specific molecular tools to study inflammatory and immunological reactions in the guinea pig has however greatly diminished its use in asthma research. The aim in this position paper is to review and summarize what we know about different aspects of the use of guinea pig in vivo models for asthma research. The associated aim is to highlight the unmet needs that have to be addressed in the future.
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Robles O, Jackson JJ, Marshall L, Talay O, Chian D, Cutler G, Diokno R, Hu DX, Jacobson S, Karbarz E, Kassner PD, Ketcham JM, McKinnell J, Meleza C, Reilly MK, Riegler E, Shunatona HP, Wadsworth A, Younai A, Brockstedt DG, Wustrow DJ, Zibinsky M. Novel Piperidinyl-Azetidines as Potent and Selective CCR4 Antagonists Elicit Antitumor Response as a Single Agent and in Combination with Checkpoint Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8584-8607. [PMID: 32667798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is broadly expressed on regulatory T cells (Treg) as well as other circulating and tissue-resident T cells. Treg can be recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME) through the C-C chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. Treg accumulation in the TME has been shown to dampen the antitumor immune response and is thought to be an important driver in tumor immune evasion. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that reducing the Treg population in the TME can potentiate the antitumor immune response of checkpoint inhibitors. We have developed small-molecule antagonists of CCR4, featuring a novel piperidinyl-azetidine motif, that inhibit the recruitment of Treg into the TME and elicit antitumor responses as a single agent or in combination with an immune checkpoint blockade. The discovery of these potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CCR4 antagonists, and their activity in in vitro and in vivo models, is described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Robles
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Jackson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lisa Marshall
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Oezcan Talay
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Chian
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gene Cutler
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Raymond Diokno
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dennis X Hu
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott Jacobson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily Karbarz
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul D Kassner
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John M Ketcham
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jenny McKinnell
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cesar Meleza
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen K Reilly
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Erin Riegler
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hunter P Shunatona
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Angela Wadsworth
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ashkaan Younai
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dirk G Brockstedt
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David J Wustrow
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Zibinsky
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Akar-Ghibril N, Casale T, Custovic A, Phipatanakul W. Allergic Endotypes and Phenotypes of Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:429-440. [PMID: 32037107 PMCID: PMC7569362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is defined as asthma associated with sensitization to aeroallergens, which leads to asthma symptoms and airway inflammation. Allergic asthma is the most common asthma phenotype. The onset of allergic asthma is most often in childhood and is usually accompanied by other comorbidities including atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. It is often persistent although there is a wide variation in disease severity. It is a TH2-driven process. Biomarkers have been identified to distinguish patients with allergic asthma, particularly serum IgE levels, tests to indicate sensitization to aeroallergens such as specific IgE or skin prick test positivity, blood and sputum eosinophil levels, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and periostin. Treatments for allergic asthma include environmental control measures, allergen immunotherapy, and glucocorticoids. Biologics, targeting the TH2 pathway, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Akar-Ghibril
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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5
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Jackson JJ, Ketcham JM, Younai A, Abraham B, Biannic B, Beck HP, Bui MHT, Chian D, Cutler G, Diokno R, Hu DX, Jacobson S, Karbarz E, Kassner PD, Marshall L, McKinnell J, Meleza C, Okal A, Pookot D, Reilly MK, Robles O, Shunatona HP, Talay O, Walker JR, Wadsworth A, Wustrow DJ, Zibinsky M. Discovery of a Potent and Selective CCR4 Antagonist That Inhibits Treg Trafficking into the Tumor Microenvironment. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6190-6213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Jackson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John M. Ketcham
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ashkaan Younai
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Betty Abraham
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hilary P. Beck
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Minna H. T. Bui
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Chian
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gene Cutler
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Raymond Diokno
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott Jacobson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily Karbarz
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul D. Kassner
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lisa Marshall
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jenny McKinnell
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cesar Meleza
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Abood Okal
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepa Pookot
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen K. Reilly
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Omar Robles
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hunter P. Shunatona
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Oezcan Talay
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James R. Walker
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Angela Wadsworth
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David J. Wustrow
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Zibinsky
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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6
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Altered T Cell Migratory Capacity in the Progression from Barrett Oesophagus to Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2019; 12:57-66. [PMID: 30834503 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an inflammation-driven cancer with poor prognosis and incidence is increasing rapidly. OAC arises from gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and reflux-induced Barrett oesophagus (BO). The role of T cells in this disease progression is not yet fully understood. We have previously demonstrated higher proportions of pro-tumour Th2 cells in BO tissue, implicating them in its pathogenesis. While a Th2 immune profile is thought to underlie the metaplastic transformation in BO and promote OAC development, our studies suggest that the abundance of Th2 cells in BO tissue is likely to occur through altered T cell recruitment. This study examined the chemokine networks governing T cell migration to oesophageal tissue during disease progression. Here, we have identified that circulating T cells in OAC patients, exhibit impaired migratory capacity with decreased frequencies of Th1-associated CXCR3+ and Th17-associated CCR6+ cells. Despite the abundance of Th1 chemokines RANTES (CCL5) and MIP-1α (CCL3) in OAC tumour, enrichments of intratumoural T cells expressing corresponding receptors were not observed. These data suggest that T cell infiltration of oesophageal tissue is compromised in OAC and suggest that future therapies targeting T cell trafficking should occur at the pre-neoplastic stage. This is supported by the finding that antagonism of Th2-biased CCR4 significantly reduces T cell migration in BO but not OAC patients. Since we have previously reported a predominant Th2 immune profile in BO, we suggest that chemokine receptor antagonism may be a viable treatment option to alleviate Th2-predominance in BO and interrupt progression to OAC.
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Miah AH, Champigny AC, Graves RH, Hodgson ST, Percy JM, Procopiou PA. Identification of pyrazolopyrimidine arylsulfonamides as CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5327-5340. [PMID: 28801066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel 4-aminoindazole sulfonamide hit (13) was identified as a human CCR4 antagonists from testing a focussed library of compounds in the primary GTPγS assay. Replacing the indazole core with a pyrazolopyrimidine, and introduction of a methoxy group adjacent to the sulfonamide substituent, resulted in the identification of pyrazolopyrimidine 37a, which exhibited good binding affinity in the GTPγS assay (pIC50=7.2), low lipophilicity (clogP=2.2, chromlogD7.4=2.4), high LE (0.41), high solubility (CLND solubility ≥581µM), and an excellent PK profile in both the rat (F=62%) and the dog (F=100%). Further SAR investigation of the pyrazolopyrimidine suggested that substitution at N1 is tolerated, providing a suitable vector to modulate the properties, and increase the potency in a lead optimisation campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afjal H Miah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Aurelie C Champigny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca H Graves
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Hodgson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Percy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Panayiotis A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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2,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine potent CCR4 antagonists capable of inducing receptor endocytosis. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:14-25. [PMID: 26991939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of potent 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine CCR4 antagonists binding to the extracellular allosteric site were synthesised. (R)-N-(2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-2-(2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (R)-(18a) has high affinity in both the [(125)I]-TARC binding assay with a pKi of 8.8, and the [(35)S]-GTPγS functional assay with a pIC50 of 8.1, and high activity in the human whole blood actin polymerisation assay (pA2 = 6.7). The most potent antagonists were also investigated for their ability to induce endocytosis of CCR4 and were found to internalise about 60% of the cell surface receptors, a property which is not commonly shared by small molecule antagonists of chemokine receptors.
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9
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Solari R, Pease JE. Targeting chemokine receptors in disease--a case study of CCR4. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:169-77. [PMID: 25981299 PMCID: PMC4784718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since their early 1990s, the chemokine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been the source of much pharmacological endeavour. Best known for their key roles in recruiting leukocytes to sites of infection and inflammation, the receptors present themselves as plausible drug targets for therapeutic intervention. In this article, we will focus our attention upon CC Chemokine Receptor Four (CCR4) which has been implicated in diseases as diverse as allergic asthma and lymphoma. We will review the discovery of the receptors and their ligands, their perceived roles in disease and the successful targeting of CCR4 by both small molecule antagonists and monoclonal antibodies. We will also discuss future directions and strategies for drug discovery in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Solari
- Airway Disease Infection Section, MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - James E Pease
- Leukocyte Biology Section, MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Huffaker MF, Phipatanakul W. Pediatric asthma: guidelines-based care, omalizumab, and other potential biologic agents. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 35:129-44. [PMID: 25459581 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the evidence supporting rational pediatric asthma management has grown considerably. As more is learned about the various phenotypes of asthma, the complexity of management will continue to grow. This article focuses on the evidence supporting the current guidelines-based pediatric asthma management and explores the future of asthma management with respect to phenotypic heterogeneity and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fox Huffaker
- Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Miah AH, Copley RCB, O'Flynn D, Percy JM, Procopiou PA. Lead identification and structure-activity relationships of heteroarylpyrazole arylsulfonamides as allosteric CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1779-92. [PMID: 24515101 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A knowledge-based library of aryl 2,3-dichlorophenylsulfonamides was synthesised and screened as human CCR4 antagonists, in order to identify a suitable hit for the start of a lead-optimisation programme. X-ray diffraction studies were used to identify the pyrazole ring as a moiety that could bring about intramolecular hydrogen bonding with the sulfonamide NH and provide a clip or orthogonal conformation that was believed to be the preferred active conformation. Replacement of the core phenyl ring with a pyridine, and replacement of the 2,3-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide with 5-chlorothiophenesulfonamide provided compound 33 which has excellent physicochemical properties and represents a good starting point for a lead optimisation programme. Electronic structure calculations indicated that the preference for the clip or orthogonal conformation found in the small molecule crystal structures of 7 and 14 was in agreement with the order of potency in the biological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afjal H Miah
- Allergy & Inflammation DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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12
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Design, synthesis and SAR study of novel trisubstituted pyrimidine amide derivatives as CCR4 antagonists. Molecules 2014; 19:3539-51. [PMID: 24662072 PMCID: PMC6271259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of some novel trisubstituted pyrimidine amide derivatives prepared as CCR4 antagonists are described. The activities of these compounds were evaluated by the CCR4-MDC chemotaxis inhibition assay. Compound 1, which we have previously reported as a potent antagonist of CCR4, was employed as the positive control. The results indicated that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited some chemotaxis inhibition activity against CCR4. Of these new compounds, compounds 6c, 12a and 12b, with IC50 values of 0.064, 0.077 and 0.069 μM, respectively, showed higher or similar activity compared with compound 1 (IC50 of 0.078 μM). These compounds provide a basis for further structural modifications. The systematic structure-activity relationship of these trisubstituted pyrimidine amide derivatives was discussed based on the obtained experimental data. The results from the SAR study may be useful for identifying more potent CCR4 antagonists.
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13
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Pease JE, Horuk R. Recent progress in the development of antagonists to the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:467-83. [PMID: 24641500 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.897324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4 have been shown to be important therapeutic targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Although only two chemokine receptor inhibitors have been approved so far, there are numerous compounds that are in various stages of development. AREAS COVERED In this review article, the authors provide an update on the progress made in the identification of antagonists against the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4 from 2009 to the present. The rationale of writing this review article is to cover the most important approaches to identifying antagonists to these two receptors, which could prove to be useful therapeutics in treating proinflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION Pharmaceutical companies have expended a considerable amount of money and effort to identify potent inhibitors of CCR3 and CCR4 for the treatment of asthma and atopic diseases. Although a variety of compounds have been described and several have progressed into the clinic, none have so far made it as approved drugs. There are, however, novel approaches such as mogamulizumab, a monoclonal antibody to CCR4 currently is in clinical trials for cancer and ASM8, an antisense nucleotide to CCR3, which is in Phase II clinical trials for asthma that might still prove to be successful new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Edward Pease
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Leukocyte Biology Section , SW7 2AZ , UK
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Cahn A, Hodgson S, Wilson R, Robertson J, Watson J, Beerahee M, Hughes SC, Young G, Graves R, Hall D, van Marle S, Solari R. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GSK2239633, a CC-chemokine receptor 4 antagonist, in healthy male subjects: results from an open-label and from a randomised study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 14:14. [PMID: 23448278 PMCID: PMC3599276 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is thought potentially to play a critical role in asthma pathogenesis due to its ability to recruit type 2 T-helper lymphocytes to the inflamed airways. Therefore, CCR4 provides an excellent target for anti-inflammatory therapy. METHODS The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the CCR4 antagonist GSK2239633, N-(3-((3-(5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonamido)-4-methoxy-1H-indazol-1-yl)methyl)benzyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide, were examined in healthy males. Two studies were performed: 1) an open-label, study in which six subjects received a single intravenous infusion of [14C]-GSK2239633 100 μg (10 kBq) (NCT01086462), and 2) a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, ascending dose study in which 24 subjects received single oral doses of GSK2239633 150-1500 mg (NCT01371812). RESULTS Following intravenous dosing, plasma GSK2239633 displayed rapid, bi-phasic distribution and slow terminal elimination (t½: 13.5 hours), suggesting that GSK2239633 was a low to moderate clearance drug. Following oral dosing, blood levels of GSK2239633 reached Cmax rapidly (median tmax: 1.0-1.5 hours). Estimated GSK2239633 bioavailability was low with a maximum value determined of only 16%. Food increased GSK2239633 systemic exposure (as assessed by AUC and Cmax). Increases in AUC and Cmax were less than dose proportional. Adverse events were reported by three subjects (50%) following intravenous administration, and by 19 subjects (79%) following oral administration; most (46/47; 98%) events were mild/moderate in intensity. GSK2239633 1500 mg inhibited thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine-induced (TARC) actin polymerisation reaching a mean CCR4 occupancy of 74%. CONCLUSION In conclusion, GSK2239633 was well-tolerated and capable of inhibiting TARC from activating the CCR4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cahn
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Simon Hodgson
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Robert Wilson
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jonathan Robertson
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Joanna Watson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB11 1BT, UK
| | - Misba Beerahee
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | | | - Rebecca Graves
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - David Hall
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Sjoerd van Marle
- PRA International, Stationsweg 163, Zuidlaren 9741 GP, the Netherlands
| | - Roberto Solari
- Medicines Discovery and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG1 2NY, UK
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Procopiou PA, Barrett JW, Barton NP, Begg M, Clapham D, Copley RCB, Ford AJ, Graves RH, Hall DA, Hancock AP, Hill AP, Hobbs H, Hodgson ST, Jumeaux C, Lacroix YML, Miah AH, Morriss KML, Needham D, Sheriff EB, Slack RJ, Smith CE, Sollis SL, Staton H. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of indazole arylsulfonamides as allosteric CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1946-60. [PMID: 23409871 DOI: 10.1021/jm301572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of indazole arylsulfonamides were synthesized and examined as human CCR4 antagonists. Methoxy- or hydroxyl-containing groups were the more potent indazole C4 substituents. Only small groups were tolerated at C5, C6, or C7, with the C6 analogues being preferred. The most potent N3-substituent was 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonamide. N1 meta-substituted benzyl groups possessing an α-amino-3-[(methylamino)acyl]-group were the most potent N1-substituents. Strongly basic amino groups had low oral absorption in vivo. Less basic analogues, such as morpholines, had good oral absorption; however, they also had high clearance. The most potent compound with high absorption in two species was analogue 6 (GSK2239633A), which was selected for further development. Aryl sulfonamide antagonists bind to CCR4 at an intracellular allosteric site denoted site II. X-ray diffraction studies on two indazole sulfonamide fragments suggested the presence of an important intramolecular interaction in the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
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Antoniu SA. Monoclonal antibodies for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:257-68. [PMID: 23282002 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.758247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the inflammation in the airways cannot always be controlled with conventional therapies, such as inhaled corticosteroids. Addition of more specific anti-inflammatory therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, against inflammation pathways might improve the disease outcome. AREAS COVERED This review individually discusses the major inflammation pathways and their potential blocking monoclonal antibodies in asthma and COPD. EXPERT OPINION The current use of omalizumab in asthma provides a good example on the potential therapeutic role of monoclonal antibodies in both asthma and COPD. There are many other monoclonal antibodies which are currently investigated as possible therapies in these diseases. The identification of the disease subsets in which such antibodies might exert the maximum benefit opens the door for personalized medicine and for targeted biological therapy in asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Antonela Antoniu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pulmonary Disease University Hospital, Division of Pulmonary Disease, Iasi 700115, Romania.
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Lead optimisation of the N1 substituent of a novel series of indazole arylsulfonamides as CCR4 antagonists and identification of a candidate for clinical investigation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2730-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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