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Lemay SE, Grobs Y, Romanet C, Martineau S, Salem M, Shimauchi T, Breuils-Bonnet S, Bourgeois A, Théberge C, Pelletier A, Potus F, Provencher S, Bonnet S, Boucherat O. Hypusine Signaling Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1376-1391. [PMID: 38261723 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202305-0909oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The ubiquitous polyamine spermidine is essential for cell survival and proliferation. One important function of spermidine is to serve as a substrate for hypusination, a posttranslational modification process that occurs exclusively on eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) and ensures efficient translation of various gene products. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by progressive obliteration of the small pulmonary arteries (PAs) caused by excessive proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and suppressed apoptosis. Objectives: To characterize the role of hypusine signaling in PAH. Methods: Molecular, genetic, and pharmacological approaches were used both in vitro and in vivo to investigate the role of hypusine signaling in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Measurements and Main Results: Hypusine forming enzymes-deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH)-and hypusinated eukaryotic translation factor 5A are overexpressed in distal PAs and isolated PASMCs from PAH patients and animal models. In vitro, inhibition of DHPS using N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane or shRNA resulted in a decrease in PAH-PASMC resistance to apoptosis and proliferation. In vivo, inactivation of one allele of Dhps targeted to smooth muscle cells alleviates PAH in mice, and its pharmacological inhibition significantly decreases pulmonary vascular remodeling and improves hemodynamics and cardiac function in two rat models of established PAH. With mass spectrometry, hypusine signaling is shown to promote the expression of a broad array of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, thus supporting the bioenergetic requirements of cell survival and proliferation. Conclusions: These findings support inhibiting hypusine signaling as a potential treatment for PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/physiology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Humans
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Male
- Disease Models, Animal
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Mice
- Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism
- Peptide Initiation Factors/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/genetics
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Lysine/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Eve Lemay
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Yann Grobs
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Charlotte Romanet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Sandra Martineau
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Mabrouka Salem
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Alice Bourgeois
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Charlie Théberge
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Andréanne Pelletier
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - François Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Yan T, Yu H, Li T, Dong Y. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicities Induced by Cancer Therapies and Promising Biomarkers for Their Prediction: A Scoping Review. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:605-638. [PMID: 38242833 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM With the advancement of anti-cancer medicine, cardiovascular toxicities due to cancer therapies are common in oncology patients, resulting in increased mortality and economic burden. Cardiovascular toxicities caused by cancer therapies include different severities of cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocardial ischaemia, hypertension, and thrombosis, which may lead to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. This scoping review aimed to summarise the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicities following various anti-cancer treatments and potential predictive biomarkers for early detection. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for original studies written in English related to the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity induced by anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and relevant biomarkers. The search and title/abstract screening were conducted independently by two reviewers, and the final analysed full texts achieved the consensus of the two reviewers. RESULTS A total of 240 studies were identified based on their titles and abstracts. In total, 107 full-text articles were included in the analysis. Cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress injury, activation of cell apoptosis, blocking of normal cardiovascular protection signalling pathways, overactivation of immune cells, and myocardial remodelling were the main mechanisms. Promising biomarkers for anti-cancer therapies related to cardiovascular toxicity included placental growth factor, microRNAs, galectin-3, and myeloperoxidase for the early detection of cardiovascular toxicity. CONCLUSION Understanding the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity following various anti-cancer treatments could provide implications for future personalised treatment methods to protect cardiovascular function. Furthermore, specific early sensitive and stable biomarkers of cardiovascular system damage need to be identified to predict reversible damage to the cardiovascular system and improve the effects of anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Nursing Department, Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tai Li
- Nursing Department, Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Mudryi V, Peske F, Rodnina M. Translation Factor Accelerating Peptide Bond Formation on the Ribosome: EF-P and eIF5A as Entropic Catalysts and a Potential Drug Targets. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100074. [PMID: 37082265 PMCID: PMC10074943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor P (EF-P) and its eukaryotic homolog eIF5A are auxiliary translation factors that facilitate peptide bond formation when several sequential proline (Pro) residues are incorporated into the nascent chain. EF-P and eIF5A bind to the exit (E) site of the ribosome and contribute to favorable entropy of the reaction by stabilizing tRNA binding in the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. In most organisms, EF-P and eIF5A carry a posttranslational modification that is crucial for catalysis. The chemical nature of the modification varies between different groups of bacteria and between pro- and eukaryotes, making the EF-P-modification enzymes promising targets for antibiotic development. In this review, we summarize our knowledge of the structure and function of EF-P and eIF5A, describe their modification enzymes, and present an approach for potential drug screening aimed at EarP, an enzyme that is essential for EF-P modification in several pathogenic bacteria.
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Sfakianos AP, Raven RM, Willis AE. The pleiotropic roles of eIF5A in cellular life and its therapeutic potential in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1885-1895. [PMID: 36511302 PMCID: PMC9788402 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein synthesis is dysregulated in the majority of cancers and this process therefore provides a good therapeutic target. Many novel anti-cancer agents are directed to target the initiation stage of translation, however, translation elongation also holds great potential as a therapeutic target. The elongation factor eIF5A that assists the formation of peptidyl bonds during the elongation process is of considerable interest in this regard. Overexpression of eIF5A has been linked with the development of a variety of cancers and inhibitors of the molecule have been proposed for anti-cancer clinical applications. eIF5A is the only protein in the cell that contains the post-translational modification hypusine. Hypusination is a two-step enzymatic process catalysed by the Deoxyhypusine Synthase (DHPS) and Deoxyhypusine Hydroxylase (DOHH). In addition, eIF5A can be acetylated by p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) which leads to translocation of the protein to the nucleus and its deactivation. In addition to the nucleus, eIF5A has been found in the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with eIF5A localisation related to function from regulation of mitochondrial activity and apoptosis to maintenance of ER integrity and control of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Given the pleiotropic functions of eIF5A and by extension the hypusination enzymes, this system is being considered as a target for a range of cancers including multiple myeloma, B-Cell lymphoma, and neuroblastoma. In this review, we explore the role of eIF5A and discuss the therapeutic strategies that are currently developing both in the pre- and the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Mallory Raven
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Anne Elizabeth Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, U.K
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Hwang S, Kim SH, Yoo KH, Chung MH, Lee JW, Son KH. Exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:55. [DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX), which is widely used in cancer treatment, can induce cardiomyopathy. One of the main mechanisms whereby DOX induces cardiotoxicity involves pyroptosis through the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Increased NAPDH oxidase (NOX) and oxidative stress trigger pyroptosis. Exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inactivating NOX. Here, we examined whether 8-OHdG treatment can attenuate DOX-induced pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Exposure to DOX increased the peroxidative glutathione redox status and NOX1/2/4, toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression, while an additional 8-OHdG treatment attenuated these effects. Furthermore, DOX induced higher expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a c-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1. Moreover, it increased caspase-1 activity, a marker of pyroptosis, and interleukin (IL)-1β expression. All these effects were attenuated by 8-OHdG treatment. In addition, the expression of the cardiotoxicity markers, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was increased by DOX, whereas the increase of ANP and BNP induced by DOX treatment was reversed by 8-OHdG. In conclusion, exogenous 8-OHdG attenuated DOX-induced pyroptosis by decreasing the expression of NOX1/2/3, TLR2/4, and NF-κB. Thus, 8-OHdG may attenuate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through the inhibition of pyroptosis.
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Barba-Aliaga M, Alepuz P. Role of eIF5A in Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1284. [PMID: 35163207 PMCID: PMC8835957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds ribosomes to facilitate the translation of peptide motifs with consecutive prolines or combinations of prolines with glycine and charged amino acids. It has also been linked to other molecular functions and cellular processes, such as nuclear mRNA export and mRNA decay, proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. The growing interest in eIF5A relates to its association with the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, viral infection, and diabetes. It has also been proposed as an anti-aging factor: its levels decay in aged cells, whereas increasing levels of active eIF5A result in the rejuvenation of the immune and vascular systems and improved brain cognition. Recent data have linked the role of eIF5A in some pathologies with its function in maintaining healthy mitochondria. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A is upregulated under respiratory metabolism and its deficiency reduces oxygen consumption, ATP production, and the levels of several mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, as well as altering mitochondria dynamics. However, although all the accumulated data strongly link eIF5A to mitochondrial function, the precise molecular role and mechanisms involved are still unknown. In this review, we discuss the findings linking eIF5A and mitochondria, speculate about its role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, and highlight its potential as a target in diseases related to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barba-Aliaga
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
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7
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The effects of doxorubicin on cardiac calcium homeostasis and contractile function. J Cardiol 2022; 80:125-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yao T, Fujimura T, Murayama K, Okumura K, Seko Y. Oxidative stress-responsive apoptosis inducing protein (ORAIP) plays a critical role in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in rat cardiac myocytes. Int J Cardiol 2021; 348:119-124. [PMID: 34864083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. However, the precise mechanism remains uncertain. We identified an apoptosis-inducing humoral factor, in a conditioned medium from cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation, to be 69th tyrosine-sulfated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). We named this novel secreted form of eIF5A, Oxidative stress-Responsive Apoptosis Inducing Protein (ORAIP). We confirmed that ischemia/reperfusion, ultraviolet-irradiation, and ionizing radiation significantly increased plasma levels of ORAIP in vivo, supporting that secretion of ORAIP is specific to the oxidative stress. To investigate the role of ORAIP in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. METHODS We analyzed plasma levels of ORAIP in rats treated with doxorubicin (10 mg/Kg) in vivo, and the effects of neutralizing anti-ORAIP monoclonal antibody (mAb) on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in vitro. RESULTS The (mean ± SE) plasma ORAIP levels before doxorubicin administration were (13.7 ± 2.7) ng/mL, they markedly increased with peak levels ([178.6 ± 6.5] ng/mL, p < 0.00001, vs. before administration) at 20 to 60 min after doxorubicin administration, then gradually decreased to (118.0 ± 4.8) ng/mL at 120 min. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-ORAIP mAb significantly (nearly 50%) suppressed doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that doxorubicin induces oxidative stress resulting in the strong expression of ORAIP in cardiac myocytes and marked secretion of ORAIP into peripheral circulation. This strongly suggests that ORAIP can be a novel sensitive biomarker as well as a possible therapeutic target for doxorubicin-induced cell injury in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-0905, Japan
| | - Kimie Murayama
- Division of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, BioMedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Seko
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Harishkumar R, Christopher JG, Ravindran R, Selvaraj CI. Nuciferine Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:947-963. [PMID: 34401977 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are a known factor that impairs the system of life due to their severe side effects. A more worrying fact is that the patients administered with doxorubicin fall under the risk of cardiotoxicity. The evolution of exploring plant-derived compounds is a possible way to combat health issues in therapeutic applications. Hence, this study focuses on the protective effect of plant-based compound nuciferine (NFN) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this investigation, nuciferine significantly reduces DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity by mitigating reactive oxygen species, thereby preventing DNA fragmentation, regulating apoptosis genes and reducing the caspase 3/7 levels in vitro. Besides, nuciferine has shown significant protection against DOX-induced cardiac impairment and the upregulation of cardiogenic markers in vivo. The DOX-induced oxidative stress can be mitigated via enhancing the endogenous antioxidants, thereby controlling ROS-mediated apoptosis. In virtue of these potential features, nuciferine can be a budding candidate to address therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Harishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), SBST, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Johnsamuel Godwin Christopher
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajan Ravindran
- Department of Physiology, Dr A.L.M. PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), SBST, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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10
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Pereira KD, Tamborlin L, de Lima TI, Consonni SR, Silveira LR, Luchessi AD. Alternative human eIF5A protein isoform plays a critical role in mitochondria. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:549-561. [PMID: 33459432 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is the only known protein containing the amino acid residue hypusine, essential for its activity. Hypusine residue is produced by a posttranslational modification involving deoxyhypusine synthetase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Herein, we aimed to describe the role of the alternative human isoform A on mitochondrial processes. Isoform A depletion modulates oxidative metabolism in association with the downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes. Through positive feedback, it increases cell respiration leading to highly reactive oxygen species production, which impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics. These metabolic changes compromise mitochondrial morphology, increasing its electron density and fission, observed by transmission electron microscopy. This set of changes leads the cells to apoptosis, evidenced by increased DNA fragmentation and proapoptotic BAK protein content increase. Thus, we show that the alternative eIF5A isoform A is crucial for energy metabolism controlled by mitochondria and cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina D Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Tamborlin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tanes I de Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio R Consonni
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto D Luchessi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barba-Aliaga M, Villarroel-Vicente C, Stanciu A, Corman A, Martínez-Pastor MT, Alepuz P. Yeast Translation Elongation Factor eIF5A Expression Is Regulated by Nutrient Availability through Different Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E219. [PMID: 33379337 PMCID: PMC7794953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation elongation factor eIF5A binds to ribosomes to promote peptide bonds between problematic amino acids for the reaction like prolines. eIF5A is highly conserved and essential in eukaryotes, which usually contain two similar but differentially expressed paralogue genes. The human eIF5A-1 isoform is abundant and implicated in some cancer types; the eIF5A-2 isoform is absent in most cells but becomes overexpressed in many metastatic cancers. Several reports have connected eIF5A and mitochondria because it co-purifies with the organelle or its inhibition reduces respiration and mitochondrial enzyme levels. However, the mechanisms of eIF5A mitochondrial function, and whether eIF5A expression is regulated by the mitochondrial metabolism, are unknown. We analysed the expression of yeast eIF5A isoforms Tif51A and Tif51B under several metabolic conditions and in mutants. The depletion of Tif51A, but not Tif51B, compromised yeast growth under respiration and reduced oxygen consumption. Tif51A expression followed dual positive regulation: by high glucose through TORC1 signalling, like other translation factors, to promote growth and by low glucose or non-fermentative carbon sources through Snf1 and heme-dependent transcription factor Hap1 to promote respiration. Upon iron depletion, Tif51A was down-regulated and Tif51B up-regulated. Both were Hap1-dependent. Our results demonstrate eIF5A expression regulation by cellular metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barba-Aliaga
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Carlos Villarroel-Vicente
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Alice Stanciu
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Alba Corman
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Pastor
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
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Anthracycline-Related Heart Failure: Certain Knowledge and Open Questions : Where Do we Stand with Chemotherapyinduced Cardiotoxicity? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2020; 17:357-364. [PMID: 32964378 PMCID: PMC7683464 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-020-00489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, cardio-oncology has become a discipline on its own, with tremendous research going on to unravel the mechanisms underpinning different manifestations of cardiotoxicity caused by anticancer drugs. Although this domain is much broader than the effect of chemotherapy alone, a lot of questions about anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. In this invited review, we provide insights in molecular mechanisms behind anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and put it in a clinical framework emphasizing the need for patients to understand, detect, and treat this detrimental condition.
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13
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Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity in Differentiated H9c2 Cardiomyocytes: Evidence for Acute Mitochondrial Superoxide Generation. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 21:152-161. [PMID: 32910361 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although a mitochondrial redox-cycling superoxide-generating mechanism for the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin was suggested from experiments with isolated mitochondria, its occurrence and contribution to cytotoxicity in intact cardiomyocytes is not fully established. Therefore, we determined the immediate and delayed effects of doxorubicin on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in differentiated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Although relatively short incubations (3 or 6 h) with 1 or 5 µM doxorubicin did not acutely decrease cell survival, exposure to 5 µM doxorubicin for 3 h was sufficient to cause a significant delayed decrease in cell survival after an additional 24 h without doxorubicin. Mitochondrial superoxide generation was observed to increase within 30 min of incubation with 5 µM doxorubicin. Increased intracellular ROS generation, decreased mitochondrial metabolic activity, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed after more extended periods (6-12 h). Overall, these observations support that the toxicity of doxorubicin to differentiated cardiomyocytes involves acute mitochondrial superoxide generation with subsequent intracellular ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death.
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Martella M, Catalanotto C, Talora C, La Teana A, Londei P, Benelli D. Inhibition of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A (eIF5A) Hypusination Suppress p53 Translation and Alters the Association of eIF5A to the Ribosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4583. [PMID: 32605139 PMCID: PMC7369855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an essential protein for the viability of the cells whose proposed function is to prevent the stalling of the ribosomes during translation elongation. eIF5A activity requires a unique and functionally essential post-translational modification, the change of a lysine to hypusine. eIF5A is recognized as a promoter of cell proliferation, but it has also been suggested to induce apoptosis. To date, the precise molecular mechanism through which eIF5A affects these processes remains elusive. In the present study, we explored whether eIF5A is involved in controlling the stress-induced expression of the key cellular regulator p53. Our results show that treatment of HCT-116 colon cancer cells with the deoxyhypusine (DHS) inhibitor N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineheptane (GC7) caused both inhibition of eIF5A hypusination and a significant reduction of p53 expression in UV-treated cells, and that eIF5A controls p53 expression at the level of protein synthesis. Furthermore, we show that treatment with GC7 followed by UV-induced stress counteracts the pro-apoptotic process triggered by p53 up-regulation. More in general, the importance of eIF5A in the cellular stress response is illustrated by the finding that exposure to UV light promotes the binding of eIF5A to the ribosomes, whereas UV treatment complemented by the presence of GC7 inhibits such binding, allowing a decrease of de novo synthesis of p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Martella
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Caterina Catalanotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291/324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291/324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Anna La Teana
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Paola Londei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291/324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Dario Benelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291/324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.T.); (P.L.)
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15
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Figueroa Gonzalez D, Young F. Gamma Tocopherol Reduced Chemotherapeutic-Induced ROS in an Ovarian Granulosa Cell Line, But Not in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010051. [PMID: 31936058 PMCID: PMC7023168 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide are used to treat breast cancer, but they also cause infertility through off-target cytotoxicity towards proliferating granulosa cells that surround eggs. Each chemotherapeutic generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) but the effects of the combination, or the antioxidants alpha (αToc) and gamma tocopherol (γToc) on ROS in breast cancer or ovarian cells are unknown. Human breast cancer (MCF7, T47D) and ovarian cancer (OVCAR, COV434) cells were loaded with DCDFA and exposed (1, 2, 3, 24 h) to the MCF7-derived EC25 values of individual agents, or to combinations of these. ROS were quantified and viable cells enumerated using crystal violet or DAPI. Each chemotherapeutic killed ~25% of MCF7, T47D and OVCAR cells, but 57 ± 2% (doxorubicin) and 66 ± 2% (cyclophosphamide) of the COV434 granulosa cells. The combined chemotherapeutics decreased COV434 cell viability to 34 ± 5% of control whereas doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide + γToc reduced ROS within 3 h (p < 0.01) and reduced cytotoxicity to 54 ± 4% (p < 0.05). αToc was not cytotoxic, whereas γToc killed ~25% of the breast cancer but none of the ovarian cells. Adding γToc to the combined chemotherapeutics did not change ROS or cytotoxicity in MCF7, T47D or OVCAR cells. The protection γToc afforded COV434 granulosa cells against chemotherapy-induced ROS and cytotoxicity suggests potential for fertility preservation.
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16
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Wang N, Li H, Zhu Y, Li N, Chen ZJ, Zhang C. Melatonin protects against Epirubicin-induced ovarian damage. J Reprod Dev 2019; 66:19-27. [PMID: 31735743 PMCID: PMC7040211 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One major side effect of chemotherapy that young women with cancer suffer from is ovarian damage. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pathogenesis of chemotherapeutic drugs in order to develop pharmaceutical agents to preserve fertility. Epirubicin is one of the commonly used chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer patients. This research explored the side effects of epirubicin in mice. We found that epirubicin significantly reduced the body weight, the weight of the ovaries and uteri, and the pups' number, while melatonin, which is extremely resistant to oxidation, significantly reduced these damages. Moreover, co-treatment with melatonin prevented epirubicin-induced decrease in E<inf>2</inf> and progesterone, and the loss of follicles. Mechanism study showed that melatonin significantly reduced the levels of proapoptotic genes p53, Caspase3, and Caspase9 while it upregulated antiapoptotic factors Bcl-2 and Bcl2l1, and antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase compared with the epirubicin group. In addition, melatonin markedly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the transcription of Caspase12 and Chop, which is vital in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis. These results indicate melatonin protects against epirubicin-induced ovarian damage by reducing ROS-induced ERS. Therefore, melatonin has a therapeutic potential for the protection of ovarian function and preservation of fertility during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ji'nan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong 250014, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
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17
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Myricitrin Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Apoptosis via ERK/P53 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6093783. [PMID: 27703489 PMCID: PMC5039279 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6093783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most effective and widely used anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotics. Unfortunately, the use of Dox is limited by its cumulative and dose-dependent cardiac toxicity. Myricitrin, a natural flavonoid which is isolated from the ground bark of Myrica rubra, has recently been found to have a strong antioxidative effect. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of myricitrin against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. An in vivo investigation in SD rats demonstrated that myricitrin significantly reduced the Dox-induced myocardial damage, as indicated by the decreases in the cardiac index, amelioration of heart pathological injuries, and decreases in the serum cardiac enzyme levels. In addition, in vitro studies showed that myricitrin effectively reduced the Dox-induced cell toxicity. Further study showed that myricitrin exerted its function by counteracting oxidative stress and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, myricitrin suppressed the myocardial apoptosis induced by Dox, as indicated by decreases in the activation of caspase-3 and the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells, maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Further mechanism study revealed that myricitrin-induced suppression of myocardial apoptosis relied on the ERK/p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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18
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Wu J, Guo W, Lin SZ, Wang ZJ, Kan JT, Chen SY, Zhu YZ. Gp130-mediated STAT3 activation by S-propargyl-cysteine, an endogenous hydrogen sulfide initiator, prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2339. [PMID: 27537522 PMCID: PMC5108313 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) could trigger a large amount of apoptotic cells in the myocardium, which leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC), a producing agent of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), possesses cardioprotective efficacy. However, the specific effect and mechanism of SPRC in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity remain elusive. Given gp130 with its main downstream signaling molecule, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), is involved in cardiac myocyte survival and growth; the present study was performed to elucidate whether SPRC counteracts Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, and if so, whether the gp130/STAT3 pathway is involved in this cardioprotective activity. SPRC stimulated the activation of STAT3 via gp130-mediated transduction tunnel in vitro and in vivo. In Dox-stimulated cardiotoxicity, SPRC enhanced cell viability, restored expression of gp130/STAT3-regulated downstream genes, inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress, and antagonized mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular Ca(2+) overload. Intriguingly, blockade of gp130/STAT3 signaling abrogated all these beneficial capacities of SPRC. Our findings present the first piece of evidence for the therapeutic properties of SPRC in alleviating Dox cardiotoxicity, which could be attributed to the activation of gp130-mediated STAT3 signaling. This will offer a novel molecular basis and therapeutic strategy of H2S donor for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S-Z Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-J Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J-T Kan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S-Y Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y-Z Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
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19
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Deshpande M, Mali VR, Pan G, Xu J, Yang XP, Thandavarayan RA, Palaniyandi SS. Increased 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced proteasome dysfunction is correlated with cardiac damage in streptozotocin-injected rats with isoproterenol infusion. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:334-42. [PMID: 27273517 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increase in 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) due to oxidative stress has been observed in a variety of cardiac diseases such as diabetic cardiomyopathy. 4HNE exerts a damaging effect in the myocardium by interfering with subcellular organelles like mitochondria by forming adducts. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased 4HNE adduct formation in the heart results in proteasome inactivation in isoproterenol (ISO)-infused type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg kg(-1) ). The rats were infused with ISO (5 mg kg(-1) ) for 2 weeks by mini pumps, after 8 weeks of STZ injection. We studied normal control (n = 8) and DM + ISO (n = 10) groups. Cardiac performance was assessed by echocardiography and Millar catheter at the end of the protocol at 20 weeks. Initially, we found an increase in 4HNE adducts in the hearts of the DM + ISO group. There was also a decrease in myocardial proteasomal peptidase (chymotrypsin and trypsin-like) activity. Increases in cardiomyocyte area (446 ± 32·7 vs 221 ± 10·83) (µm(2) ), per cent area of cardiac fibrosis (7·4 ± 0·7 vs 2·7 ± 0·5) and cardiac dysfunction were also found in DM + ISO (P < 0·05) relative to controls. We also found increased 4HNE adduct formation on proteasomal subunits. Furthermore, reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity was observed in the myocardium of the DM + ISO group. Treatment with 4HNE (100 μM) for 4 h on cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes attenuated proteasome activity. Therefore, we conclude that the 4HNE-induced decrease in proteasome activity may be involved in the cardiac pathology in STZ-injected rats infused with ISO. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Deshpande
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vishal R Mali
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Guodong Pan
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiang Xu
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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20
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The effect of a number of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes passage on repeatability of cytotoxicity study results. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2407-2415. [PMID: 26946144 PMCID: PMC5101311 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2 is commonly used in numerous in vitro studies, including cardiotoxicity analyses of new drugs. So far no results were published for studies on cell parameters variability during the cell line ageing process. For this reason the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a number of H9C2 rat embryonic cardiomyocytes passages on repeatability of study results for selected cytotoxicity parameters, with doxorubicin as a model toxic agent. The cultures were passaged twenty-five times. Cells from passage 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 were treated with doxorubicin for 24 h. Then drug cytotoxicity was evaluated with the MTT test and additionally the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) gene expression was examined. The analysis of oxidative stress intensity and cell morphology was also assessed. The microscopic appearance of cells indicates that untreated cardiomyocytes morphology changes as well as sensitivity to toxic effects increases with the number of passages. Also an increase in oxidative stress in cells occurs with further passaging of cardiomyocytes. Statistical significance of differences in conducted tests results depended on doxorubicin concentration but in many cases the H9C2 line was found to be a reliable in vitro model only for the first five passages. For this reason it is important to take into consideration that further culturing of cardiomyocytes may not ensure repeatability of study results due to the culture ageing.
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21
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Rharass T, Gbankoto A, Canal C, Kurşunluoğlu G, Bijoux A, Panáková D, Ribou AC. Oxidative stress does not play a primary role in the toxicity induced with clinical doses of doxorubicin in myocardial H9c2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 413:199-215. [PMID: 26833193 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The implication of oxidative stress as primary mechanism inducing doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity is still questionable as many in vitro studies implied supra-clinical drug doses or unreliable methodologies for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. The aim of this study was to clarify whether oxidative stress is involved in compliance with the conditions of clinical use of DOX, and using reliable tools for ROS detection. We examined the cytotoxic mechanisms of 2 μM DOX 1 day after the beginning of the treatment in differentiated H9c2 rat embryonic cardiac cells. Cells were exposed for 2 or 24 h with DOX to mimic a single chronic dosage or to favor accumulation, respectively. We found that apoptosis was prevalent in cells exposed for a short period with DOX: cells showed typical hallmarks as loss of anchorage ability, mitochondrial hyperpolarization followed by the collapse of mitochondrial activity, and nuclear condensation. Increasing the exposure period favored a shift to necrosis as the cells preferentially exhibited early DNA impairment and nuclear swelling. In either case, measuring the fluorescence lifetime of 1-pyrenebutyric acid or the intensities of dihydroethidium or amplex red showed a consistent pattern in ROS production which was a slight increased level far from representative of an oxidative stress. Moreover, pre-treatment with dexrazoxane provided a cytoprotective effect although it failed to detoxify ROS. Our data support that oxidative stress is unlikely to be the primary mechanism of DOX cardiac toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareck Rharass
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-Environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Electrochemical Signaling in Development and Disease, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Adam Gbankoto
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Christophe Canal
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-Environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Amandine Bijoux
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-Environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Daniela Panáková
- Electrochemical Signaling in Development and Disease, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Anne-Cécile Ribou
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-Environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France.
- ESPACE-DEV, UMR UG UA UM IRD, 34093, Montpellier, France.
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22
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Pan G, Deshpande M, Thandavarayan RA, Palaniyandi SS. ALDH2 Inhibition Potentiates High Glucose Stress-Induced Injury in Cultured Cardiomyocytes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1390861. [PMID: 27882330 PMCID: PMC5110883 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1390861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene superfamily consists of 19 isozymes. They are present in various organs and involved in metabolizing aldehydes that are biologically generated. For instance, ALDH2, a cardiac mitochondrial ALDH isozyme, is known to detoxify 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a reactive aldehyde produced upon lipid peroxidation in diabetic conditions. We hypothesized that inhibition of ALDH leads to the accumulation of unmetabolized 4HNE and consequently exacerbates injury in cells subjected to high glucose stress. H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell lines were pretreated with 10 μM disulfiram (DSF), an inhibitor of ALDH2 or vehicle (DMSO) for 2 hours, and then subjected to high glucose stress {33 mM D-glucose (HG) or 33 mM D-mannitol as an osmotic control (Ctrl)} for 24 hrs. The decrease in ALDH2 activity with DSF pretreatment was higher in HG group when compared to Ctrl group. Increased 4HNE adduct formation with DSF pretreatment was higher in HG group compared to Ctrl group. Pretreatment with DSF leads to potentiated HG-induced cell death in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes by lowering mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results indicate that ALDH2 activity is important in preventing high glucose induced cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Pan
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mandar Deshpande
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- *Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi:
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23
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Efficacy of doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate in apoptosis induction in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species generation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 39:107-18. [PMID: 26611752 PMCID: PMC4820500 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a small molecular cytotoxic agent that can be transferred efficiently to cancer cells by nanocarriers. This anthracycline antibiotic serves as an effective anti-neoplastic drug against both hematological and solid malignancies. Here, we set out to assess the capacity of a novel doxorubicin - transferrin conjugate (DOX-TRF) to provoke apoptosis in human normal and leukemia cells through free radicals produced via a redox cycle of doxorubicin (DOX) when released from its conjugate. Methods After DOX-TRF exposure, we determined the time-course of apoptotic and necrotic events, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as alterations in cytochrome c levels and intracellular calcium concentrations in human leukemia-derived cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K562 and its doxorubicin-resistant derivative K562/DOX) and normal peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results We found that DOX-TRF can induce apoptosis in all leukemia-derived cell lines tested, which was associated with morphological changes and decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential. In comparison to free DOX treated cells, we observed a time-dependency between a higher level of ROS generation and a higher drop in mitochondrial membrane potential, particularly in the doxorubicin-resistant cell line. In addition, we found that the apoptotic cell death induced by DOX-TRF was directly associated with a release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and an increase in intracellular calcium level in all human leukemia-derived cell lines tested. Conclusions Our data indicate that DOX-TRF is considerably more cytotoxic to human leukemia cells than free DOX. In addition, we show that DOX-TRF can effectively produce free radicals, which are directly involved in apoptosis induction.
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24
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Impaired ALDH2 activity decreases the mitochondrial respiration in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Cell Signal 2015; 28:1-6. [PMID: 26577527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated reactive aldehydes induce cellular stress. In cardiovascular diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, lipid-peroxidation derived reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) are known to contribute to the pathogenesis. 4HNE is involved in ROS formation, abnormal calcium handling and more importantly defective mitochondrial respiration. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily contains NAD(P)(+)-dependent isozymes which can detoxify endogenous and exogenous aldehydes into non-toxic carboxylic acids. Therefore we hypothesize that 4HNE afflicts mitochondrial respiration and leads to cell death by impairing ALDH2 activity in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell lines. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with 25, 50 and 75 μM 4HNE and its vehicle, ethanol as well as 25, 50 and 75 μM disulfiram (DSF), an inhibitor of ALDH2 and its vehicle (DMSO) for 4 h. 4HNE significantly decreased ALDH2 activity, ALDH2 protein levels, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial respiratory reserve capacity, and increased 4HNE adduct formation and cell death in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes. ALDH2 inhibition by DSF and ALDH2 siRNA attenuated ALDH2 activity besides reducing ALDH2 levels, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial respiratory reserve capacity and increased cell death. Our results indicate that ALDH2 impairment can lead to poor mitochondrial respiration and increased cell death in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes.
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Singh P, Sharma R, McElhanon K, Allen CD, Megyesi JK, Beneš H, Singh SP. Sulforaphane protects the heart from doxorubicin-induced toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:90-101. [PMID: 26025579 PMCID: PMC4554811 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the major side effects encountered during cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin (DOX) and other anthracyclines. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by DOX is one of the primary mechanisms for its toxic effects on the heart. Since the redox-sensitive transcription factor, Nrf2, plays a major role in protecting cells from the toxic metabolites generated during oxidative stress, we examined the effects of the phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN), a potent Nrf2-activating agent, on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These studies were carried out both in vitro and in vivo using rat H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and wild type 129/sv mice, and involved SFN pretreatment followed by SFN administration during DOX exposure. SFN treatment protected H9c2 cells from DOX cytotoxicity and also resulted in restored cardiac function and a significant reduction in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy and mortality in mice. Specificity of SFN induction of Nrf2 and protection of H9c2 cells was demonstrated in Nrf2 knockdown experiments. Cardiac accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts, due to lipid peroxidation following DOX-induced oxidative stress, was significantly attenuated by SFN treatment. The respiratory function of cardiac mitochondria isolated from mice exposed to DOX alone was repressed, while SFN treatment with DOX significantly elevated mitochondrial respiratory complex activities. Co-administration of SFN reversed the DOX-associated reduction in nuclear Nrf2 binding activity and restored cardiac expression of Nrf2-regulated genes at both the RNA and protein levels. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that the Nrf2 inducer, SFN, has the potential to provide protection against DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rajendra Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Kevin McElhanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles D Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Judit K Megyesi
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Helen Beneš
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sharda P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Mavroudi M, Zarogoulidis P, Porpodis K, Kioumis I, Lampaki S, Yarmus L, Malecki R, Zarogoulidis K, Malecki M. Stem cells' guided gene therapy of cancer: New frontier in personalized and targeted therapy. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 2:22-33. [PMID: 24860662 PMCID: PMC4031908 DOI: 10.14312/2052-4994.2014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis and therapy of cancer remain to be the greatest challenges for all physicians working in clinical oncology and molecular medicine. The statistics speak for themselves with the grim reports of 1,638,910 men and women diagnosed with cancer and nearly 577,190 patients passed away due to cancer in the USA in 2012. For practicing clinicians, who treat patients suffering from advanced cancers with contemporary systemic therapies, the main challenge is to attain therapeutic efficacy, while minimizing side effects. Unfortunately, all contemporary systemic therapies cause side effects. In treated patients, these side effects may range from nausea to damaged tissues. In cancer survivors, the iatrogenic outcomes of systemic therapies may include genomic mutations and their consequences. Therefore, there is an urgent need for personalized and targeted therapies. Recently, we reviewed the current status of suicide gene therapy for cancer. Herein, we discuss the novel strategy: genetically engineered stem cells' guided gene therapy. REVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL TRIALS Stem cells have the unique potential for self renewal and differentiation. This potential is the primary reason for introducing them into medicine to regenerate injured or degenerated organs, as well as to rejuvenate aging tissues. Recent advances in genetic engineering and stem cell research have created the foundations for genetic engineering of stem cells as the vectors for delivery of therapeutic transgenes. Specifically in oncology, the stem cells are genetically engineered to deliver the cell suicide inducing genes selectively to the cancer cells only. Expression of the transgenes kills the cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Herein, we present various strategies to bioengineer suicide inducing genes and stem cell vectors. Moreover, we review results of the main preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, the main risk for therapeutic use of stem cells is their cancerous transformation. Therefore, we discuss various strategies to safeguard stem cell guided gene therapy against iatrogenic cancerogenesis. PERSPECTIVES Defining cancer biomarkers to facilitate early diagnosis, elucidating cancer genomics and proteomics with modern tools of next generation sequencing, and analyzing patients' gene expression profiles provide essential data to elucidate molecular dynamics of cancer and to consider them for crafting pharmacogenomics-based personalized therapies. Streamlining of these data into genetic engineering of stem cells facilitates their use as the vectors delivering therapeutic genes into specific cancer cells. In this realm, stem cells guided gene therapy becomes a promising new frontier in personalized and targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mavroudi
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | | | - Raf Malecki
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Marek Malecki
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Finsterer J, Ohnsorge P. Influence of mitochondrion-toxic agents on the cardiovascular system. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Oliveira MS, Carvalho JL, Campos ACDA, Gomes DA, de Goes AM, Melo MM. Doxorubicin has in vivo toxicological effects on ex vivo cultured mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 224:380-6. [PMID: 24291741 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that leads to cardiotoxicity. An alternative treatment for dox-cardiotoxicity is autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation. It remains unclear if dox has deleterious effects on MSCs from subjects under chemotherapy, therefore this study aimed to evaluate dox in vivo toxicological effects on ex vivo cultured MSCs, inferring whether autologous transplantation may be an alternative treatment in patients who are exposed to the drug. Wistar rats received either dox or saline. Following treatments, animals were sacrificed and bone marrow MSCs were isolated, characterized for cell surface markers and assessed according to their viability, alkaline phosphatase production, and proliferation kinetics. Moreover, MSCs were primed to cardiac differentiation and troponin T and connexin 43 expressions were evaluated. Compared to control, undifferentiated MSCs from dox group kept the pattern for surface marker and had similar viability results. In contrast, they showed lower alkaline phosphatase production, proliferation rate, and connexin 43 expression. Primed MSCs from dox group showed lower troponin T levels. It was demonstrated a toxic effect of dox in host MSCs. This result renders the possibility of autologous MSCs transplantation to treat dox-cardiotoxicity, which could be a non-suitable option for subjects receiving such antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Souza Oliveira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina De Angelis Campos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Melo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Zheng B, Wu L, Ma L, Liu S, Li L, Xie W, Li X. Telekin induces apoptosis associated with the mitochondria-mediated pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:1118-25. [PMID: 23657090 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Telekin, a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from Chinese folk medicine Carpesium divaricatum, has been reported to strongly inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, the involvement of a mitochondria-mediated pathway in the pro-apoptotic action of telekin was investigated in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays showed that telekin exhibited excellent anti-proliferation activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and low cytotoxicity to normal hepatocyte cells. Telekin-induced apoptosis was characterized by chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and exposure of phosphatidylserine on the extracellular surface, as revealed by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining and flow cytometry. Flow cytometry analysis showed that telekin induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as increased the levels of intracellular free calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, Western blot results demonstrated that telekin induced the decrease in Apaf-1 and Bcl-2 expression, increase in Bax expression, release of cytochrome C, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HepG-2 cells. These findings indicate that telekin activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and may merit further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zheng
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P R China
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Taylor CA, Zheng Q, Liu Z, Thompson JE. Role of p38 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways and tumor suppressor p53 on induction of apoptosis in response to Ad-eIF5A1 in A549 lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:35. [PMID: 23638878 PMCID: PMC3660295 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) is a highly conserved protein involved in many cellular processes including cell division, translation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Induction of apoptosis is the only function of eIF5A1 that is known to be independent of post-translational hypusine modification. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases during apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells infected with adenovirus expressing eIF5A1 or a mutant of eIF5A1 that cannot be hypusinated (eIF5A1K50A). METHODS Using adenoviral-mediated transfection of human A549 lung cancer cells to over-express eIF5A1 and eIF5A1K50A, the mechanism by which unhypusinated eIF5A1 induces apoptosis was investigated by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and use of MAPK and p53 inhibitors. RESULTS Phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK was observed in response to adenovirus-mediated over-expression of eIF5A1 or eIF5A1K50A, along with phosphorylation and stabilization of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Synthetic inhibitors of p38 and JNK kinase activity, but not inhibitors of ERK1/2 or p53 activity, significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by Ad-eIF5A1. Importantly, normal lung cells were more resistant to apoptosis induced by eIF5A1 and eIF5A1K50A than A549 lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these data indicate that p38 and JNK MAP kinase signaling are important for eIF5A1-induced cell death and that induction of apoptosis was not dependent on p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qifa Zheng
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John E Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Malecki M, Dahlke J, Haig M, Wohlwend L, Malecki R. Eradication of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Transgenic Expression of Recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, and DFFB Controlled by EGFR Promoter: Novel Strategy for Targeted Therapy of Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:152. [PMID: 24587967 PMCID: PMC3938193 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer is the most deadly among all gynecological cancers. Patients undergoing systemic therapies of advanced ovarian cancers suffer from horrendous side effects. Cancer survivors and their offspring suffer from iatrogenic consequences of systemic therapies: genetic mutations. The ultimate goal of our work is development of therapies, which selectively and completely eliminate cancer cells, but do not harm healthy cells. An important consideration for attaining this goal is the fact that ovarian cancer cells over-express EGFR or its mutants, what becomes the factor discriminating them from healthy cells - a potential facilitator of personalized therapy. Specific aim The specific aim of this project was threefold: (1) to bioengineer suicide genes’ carrying vectors guided by synthetic antibodies for EGFRvIII and EGFR; (2) to genetically engineer DNA constructs for the human, recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, and DFFB controlled by the EGFR promoter; (3) to selectively eradicate ovarian cancer cells by intranuclear targeting of the transgenically expressed recombinant DNases. Methods Synthetic antibodies for EGFR and EGFRvIII were selected from the human library and used to bioengineer biotag-guided transgenes’ vectors. Coding sequences for the human DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB controlled by the EGFR promoter were amplified from the human cDNA and genetically engineered into the plasmid constructs also coding for the fusions with NLS and GFP. The vectors carrying transgenes for the DNases were delivered in vitro into human ovarian cancer cells from ascites and cultures. Results Synthetic antibody guided vectors delivered the transgenes for the recombinant DNases efficiently into the ovarian cancer cells. Transgenic expression and nuclear targeting of the DNases in those cells resulted in destruction of their genomes and led to their death, as validated by labeling with the molecular death tags. In healthy cells, which did not over-express EGFR, no changes were recorded. Conclusion Targeted expression of the recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB in the ovarian cancers in vitro resulted in their complete eradication, but had no effects upon the healthy cells. This novel therapeutic strategy has a potential for streamlining it into in vivo trials, as personalized, targeted therapy of ovarian and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Malecki
- PBMEF, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA ; NMRFM, NIH, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; UW, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | - Raf Malecki
- PBMEF, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA ; SFSU, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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Oliveira MS, Melo MB, Carvalho JL, Melo IM, Lavor MS, Gomes DA, de Goes AM, Melo MM. Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity and Cardiac Function Improvement After Stem Cell Therapy Diagnosed by Strain Echocardiography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:52-57. [PMID: 23459697 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents; however, it causes dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Evaluation of left ventricular function relies on measurements based on M-mode echocardiography. A new technique based on quantification of myocardial motion and deformation, strain echocardiography, has been showed promising profile for early detection of cardiac dysfunction. Different therapy strategies, such as flavonoid plant extracts and stem cells, have been investigated to improve heart function in toxic cardiomyopathy. This work aimed to assess early cardiac function improvement after treatments with either flavonoid extract from Camellia sinensis or mesenchymal stem cells in Dox cardiotoxicity using strain echocardiography. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups. They received water (control, Dox, Dox + stem cells) or 100 mg/kg C. sinensis extract (Dox + C. sinensis) via gavage, daily, for four weeks. Animals also received saline (control) or 5 mg/kg doxorubicin (Dox, Dox + C. sinensis, Dox + stem cells) via intraperitoneal injection, weekly, for four weeks. Stem cells were injected (3 × 106 cells) through tail vein prior the beginning of the experiment (Dox + stem cells). Animals were evaluated by hematological, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and histopathological examinations. Dox cardiotoxicity was only diagnosed with strain echocardiography, detecting a decrease in ventricular function. C. sinensis extract did not prevent ventricular dysfunction induced by Dox. However, strain echocardiography examination revealed that Dox cardiotoxicity was significantly suppressed in rats treated with stem cells. In conclusion, strain echocardiography was able to detect precocity signs of heart failure and stem cell therapy showed cardioprotection effect against Dox cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira S Oliveira
- Clinical and Surgery Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
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Li JZ, Yu SY, Wu JH, Shao QR, Dong XM. Paeoniflorin protects myocardial cell from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1569-75. [PMID: 23210435 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial cell apoptosis, and paeoniflorin (PEF) has been shown to exert an antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effect of PEF on DOX-induced myocardial cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. In cultured H9c2 cells, different concentrations (1, 10, or 100 μmol/L) of PEF was added for 2 h prior to exposure to DOX (5 μmol/L) for 24 h. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by hoechst 33342 staining, and caspase-3 expression and activity. The mRNA and protein expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 and NOX4 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Intracellular ROS and NOX activity were measured by assay kit. The results showed that DOX significantly increased myocardial cell apoptosis, increased caspase-3 expression and activity concomitantly with enhanced ROS production, and increased NOX2, NOX4 mRNA and protein expression, and NOX activity. These effects were remarkably inhibited by pretreatment of PEF. Our results suggested that PEF has a protective effect against DOX-induced myocardial cell apoptosis through a mechanism involving a decrease in ROS production by inhibition of NOX2, NOX4 expression, and NOX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Taylor CA, Liu Z, Tang TC, Zheng Q, Francis S, Wang TW, Ye B, Lust JA, Dondero R, Thompson JE. Modulation of eIF5A expression using SNS01 nanoparticles inhibits NF-κB activity and tumor growth in murine models of multiple myeloma. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1305-14. [PMID: 22588272 PMCID: PMC3392975 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the first-line treatment of multiple myeloma, almost all patients eventually experience relapse with drug-resistant disease. New therapeutic modalities are needed, and to this end, SNS01, a therapeutic nanoparticle, is being investigated for treatment of multiple myeloma. The antitumoral activity of SNS01 is based upon modulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), a highly conserved protein that is involved in many cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation. eIF5A is regulated by post-translational hypusine modification, and overexpression of hypusination-resistant mutants of eIF5A induces apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. SNS01 is a polyethylenimine (PEI)-based nanoparticle that contains both a B-cell-specific expression plasmid expressing a non-hypusinable mutant of eIF5A and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) which depletes endogenous hypusinated eIF5A. Reducing hypusine-modified eIF5A levels was found to inhibit phosphorylation and activity of ERK MAPK and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and thus sensitize myeloma cells to apoptosis resulting from transfection of a plasmid expressing eIF5A(K50R). SNS01 exhibited significant antitumoral activity in both KAS-6/1 (95% inhibition; P < 0.05) and RPMI 8226 (59% inhibition; P < 0.05) multiple myeloma xenograft models following systemic administration. These results highlight the potential of using this approach as a new therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terence C Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qifa Zheng
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Francis
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tzann-Wei Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Lust
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - John E Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Senesco Technologies, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
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Morgan S, Anderson RA, Gourley C, Wallace WH, Spears N. How do chemotherapeutic agents damage the ovary? Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:525-35. [PMID: 22647504 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy treatment in premenopausal women is associated with an increased risk of premature ovarian failure (POF) but the exact mechanism through which this occurs is uncertain. In this review we examine the current evidence for the direct action of chemotherapeutic agents on the ovary and discuss possible molecular pathways through which follicle loss may occur. METHODS A systemic search of the databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, was made for all English language articles through to 2011 in each subject area discussed. RESULTS POF results from the loss of primordial follicles but this is not necessarily a direct effect of the chemotherapeutic agents. Instead, the disappearance of primordial follicles could be due to an increased rate of growth initiation to replace damaged developing follicles. Likewise, the loss of oocytes need not necessarily be a direct result of damage: evidence suggests that chemotherapy drugs can also induce oocyte death indirectly via damage to somatic cells. Specific molecular mechanisms and likely ovarian targets are discussed for some of the anti-cancer drugs most commonly used to treat premenopausal women. Finally, we consider current and prospective methods of preserving fertility. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that different chemotherapeutic drugs act through a range of mechanisms and on different target cells. More research into the cellular mechanisms underpinning chemotherapy-induced follicle loss could lead to the generation of treatments specifically designed to prevent POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morgan
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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Chang WT, Li J, Haung HH, Liu H, Han M, Ramachandran S, Li CQ, Sharp WW, Hamann KJ, Yuan CS, Hoek TLV, Shao ZH. Baicalein protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by attenuation of mitochondrial oxidant injury and JNK activation. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:2873-81. [PMID: 21618589 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin limits its clinical use in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Previous studies suggest that doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis. We therefore investigated if baicalein, a natural antioxidant component of Scutellaria baicalensis, could attenuate ROS generation and cell death induced by doxorubicin. Using an established chick cardiomyocyte model, doxorubicin (10 µM) increased cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. ROS generation was increased in a dose-response fashion and associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Doxorubicin also augmented DNA fragmentation and increased the phosphorylation of ROS-sensitive pro-apoptotic kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Adjunct treatment of baicalein (25 µM) and doxorubicin for 24 h significantly reduced both ROS generation (587 ± 89 a.u. vs. 932 a.u. ± 121 a.u., P < 0.01) and cell death (30.6 ± 5.1% vs. 46.8 ± 8.3%, P < 0.01). The dissipated mitochondrial potential and increased DNA fragmentation were also ameliorated. Along with the reduction of ROS and apoptosis, baicalein attenuated phosphorylation of JNK induced by doxorubicin (1.7 ± 0.3 vs. 3.0 ± 0.4-fold, P < 0.05). Co-treatment of cardiomyocytes with doxorubicin and JNK inhibitor SP600125 (10 µM; 24 h) reduced JNK phosphorylation and enhanced cell survival, suggesting that the baicalein protection against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity was mediated by JNK activation. Importantly, concurrent baicalein treatment did not interfere with the anti-proliferative effects of doxorubicin in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, baicalein adjunct treatment confers anti-apoptotic protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity without compromising its anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tien Chang
- Emergency Resuscitation Center, Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Fu J, Peng C, Wang W, Jin H, Tang Q, Wei X. Let-7 g is involved in doxorubicin induced myocardial injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:312-317. [PMID: 22301161 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether let-7 g (miRNA) was involved in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS Rats were treated with doxorubicin at increasing doses (0mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, 18 mg/kg). Heart rate, pulse pressure and plasma cardiac troponin T concentrations were measured. Primary cultured myocardial cells were incubated with DOX at increasing concentrations (0 μmol/l, 0.004 μmol/l, 0.02 μmol/l, 0.1 μmol/l, 0.5 μmol/l) for 24h. Cellular viability and the beat frequency were measured. For both rats and cultured cells, miRNA content was measured by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS All DOX-treated rats had a decrease in heart rate, an increase in pulse pressure compared with control group after injections (p<0.05). Concentration of cTnT was increased significantly in 18 mg/kg group. Content of let-7 g decreased significantly (p<0.05) in 18 mg/kg group in vivo and all the doxorubicin treated group in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The down regulation of let-7 g in the myocardial-injury model suggests that let-7 g may play an important role in the development of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
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