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Wu M, Li Y, Miao Y, Qiao H, Wang Y. Exploring the efficient natural products for Alzheimer's disease therapy via Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) models. J Drug Target 2023; 31:817-831. [PMID: 37545435 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2245582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a grievous neurodegenerative disorder and a major form of senile dementia, which is partially caused by abnormal amyloid-beta peptide deposition and Tau protein phosphorylation. But until now, the exact pathogenesis of AD and its treatment strategy still need to investigate. Fortunately, natural products have shown potential as therapeutic agents for treating symptoms of AD due to their neuroprotective activity. To identify the excellent lead compounds for AD control from natural products of herbal medicines, as well as, detect their modes of action, suitable animal models are required. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is an important model for studying genetic and cellular biological pathways in complex biological processes. Various Drosophila AD models were broadly used for AD research, especially for the discovery of neuroprotective natural products. This review focused on the research progress of natural products in AD disease based on the fruit fly AD model, which provides a reference for using the invertebrate model in developing novel anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaodong Miao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Miro, a Rho GTPase genetically interacts with Alzheimer's disease-associated genes ( Tau, Aβ42 and Appl) in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio049569. [PMID: 32747449 PMCID: PMC7489762 DOI: 10.1242/bio.049569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Miro (mitochondrial Rho GTPases), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, facilitates mitochondrial axonal transport along the microtubules to facilitate neuronal function. It plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and cellular energy generation. Thus, Miro might be associated with the key pathologies of several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present manuscript, we have demonstrated the possible genetic interaction between Miro and AD-related genes such as Tau, Aβ42 and Appl in Drosophila melanogaster Ectopic expression of Tau, Aβ42 and Appl induced a rough eye phenotype, defects in phototaxis and climbing activity, and shortened lifespan in the flies. In our study, we have observed that overexpression of Miro improves the rough eye phenotype, behavioral activities (climbing and phototaxis) and ATP level in AD model flies. Further, the improvement examined in AD-related phenotypes was correlated with decreased oxidative stress, cell death and neurodegeneration in Miro overexpressing AD model flies. Thus, the obtained results suggested that Miro genetically interacts with AD-related genes in Drosophila and has the potential to be used as a therapeutic target for the design of therapeutic strategies for NDs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
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3
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Zhang D, Zhang B, Lv JT, Sa RN, Zhang XM, Lin ZJ. The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104882. [PMID: 32380051 PMCID: PMC7198419 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of emerging infectious pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has posed an enormous threat to public health, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have made vast contribution to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) among Chinese population. As an indispensable part of TCM, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are highly valued and critically acclaimed in their campaign to contain and tackle the epidemic, they can achieve considerable effects for both suspected cases under medical observation period, and confirmed individuals with serious underlying diseases or critical conditions. Given this, based on the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, the present review summarized the basic information, clinical evidence and published literatures of recommended CPMs against COVID-19. The details were thoroughly introduced involving compositions, therapeutic effects, clinical indications, medication history of CPMs and the profiles of corresponding research. With regard to infected patients with different stages and syndrome, the preferable potentials and therapeutic mechanism of CPMs were addressed through the comprehensive collection of relevant literatures and on-going clinical trials. This study could provide an insight into clinical application and underlying mechanism of recommended CPMs against COVID-19, with the aim to share the Chinese experience in clinical practice and facilitate scientific development of TCM, especially CPMs in the fierce battle of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Tao Lv
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ri-Na Sa
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Pharmacy Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Lin
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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4
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Shin M, Liu QF, Choi B, Shin C, Lee B, Yuan C, Song YJ, Yun HS, Lee IS, Koo BS, Cho KS. Neuroprotective Effects of Limonene (+) against Aβ42-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:409-417. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
| | | | - Changmin Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Banseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Chunyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - You Jin Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
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5
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Genetic Dissection of Alzheimer's Disease Using Drosophila Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030884. [PMID: 32019113 PMCID: PMC7037931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a main cause of dementia, is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is related to abnormal accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein. Despite decades of intensive research, the mechanisms underlying AD remain elusive, and the only available treatment remains symptomatic. Molecular understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of AD is necessary to develop disease-modifying treatment. Drosophila, as the most advanced genetic model, has been used to explore the molecular mechanisms of AD in the last few decades. Here, we introduce Drosophila AD models based on human Aβ and summarize the results of their genetic dissection. We also discuss the utility of functional genomics using the Drosophila system in the search for AD-associated molecular mechanisms in the post-genomic era.
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6
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Hwang S, Jeong H, Hong EH, Joo HM, Cho KS, Nam SY. Low-dose ionizing radiation alleviates Aβ42-induced cell death via regulating AKT and p38 pathways in Drosophila Alzheimer's disease models. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.036657. [PMID: 30670376 PMCID: PMC6398453 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is widely used in medicine and is valuable in both the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. However, its health effects are ambiguous. Here, we report that low-dose ionizing radiation has beneficial effects in human amyloid-β42 (Aβ42)-expressing Drosophila Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. Ionizing radiation at a dose of 0.05 Gy suppressed AD-like phenotypes, including developmental defects and locomotive dysfunction, but did not alter the decreased survival rates and longevity of Aβ42-expressing flies. The same dose of γ-irradiation reduced Aβ42-induced cell death in Drosophila AD models through downregulation of head involution defective (hid), which encodes a protein that activates caspases. However, 4 Gy of γ-irradiation increased Aβ42-induced cell death without modulating pro-apoptotic genes grim, reaper and hid. The AKT signaling pathway, which was suppressed in Drosophila AD models, was activated by either 0.05 or 4 Gy γ-irradiation. Interestingly, p38 mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAPK) activity was inhibited by exposure to 0.05 Gy γ-irradiation but enhanced by exposure to 4 Gy in Aβ42-expressing flies. In addition, overexpression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a negative regulator of the AKT signaling pathway, or a null mutant of AKT strongly suppressed the beneficial effects of low-dose ionizing radiation in Aβ42-expressing flies. These results indicate that low-dose ionizing radiation suppresses Aβ42-induced cell death through regulation of the AKT and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that low-dose ionizing radiation has hormetic effects on the pathogenesis of Aβ42-associated AD. Summary: Low-dose ionizing radiation can reduce cell death by regulating AKT/p38 signaling pathway and improve Aβ42-induced symptoms in Drosophila Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that low-dose ionizing radiation may be applicable for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Hwang
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Haemin Jeong
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Hong
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Hae Mi Joo
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
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7
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Lin C, Chen P, Chan H, Huang Y, Chang NW. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha accelerates neuronal differentiation and this might involve the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chingju Lin
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Pei‐Yi Chen
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Hsu‐Chin Chan
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yi‐Ping Huang
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Nai Wen Chang
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
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8
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Liang M, Du Y, Li W, Yin X, Yang N, Qie A, Lebaron TW, Zhang J, Chen H, Shi H. SuHeXiang Essential Oil Inhalation Produces Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Adult Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1040-1048. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuru Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University
| | - Ni Yang
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Anran Qie
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Jiayu Zhang
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Haishui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
- the Center of Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Science, Hebei Medical University
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9
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Jeon Y, Lee S, Shin M, Lee JH, Suh YS, Hwang S, Yun HS, Cho KS. Phenotypic differences between Drosophila Alzheimer's disease models expressing human Aβ42 in the developing eye and brain. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2017; 21:160-168. [PMID: 30460065 PMCID: PMC6138326 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2017.1313777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster expressing amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) transgenes have been used as models to study Alzheimer's disease. Various Aβ42 transgenes with different structures induce different phenotypes, which make it difficult to compare data among studies which use different transgenic lines. In this study, we compared the phenotypes of four frequently used Aβ42 transgenic lines, UAS-Aβ422X , UAS-Aβ42BL33770 , UAS-Aβ4211C39 , and UAS-Aβ42H29.3 . Among the four transgenic lines, only UAS-Aβ422X has two copies of the upstream activation sequence-amyloid-β42 (UAS-Aβ42) transgene, while remaining three have one copy. UAS-Aβ42BL33770 has the 3' untranslated region of Drosophila α-tubulin, while the others have that of SV40. UAS-Aβ4211C39 and UAS-Aβ42H29.3 have the rat pre-proenkephalin signal peptide, while UAS-Aβ422X and UAS-Aβ42BL33770 have that of the fly argos protein. When the transgenes were expressed ectopically in the developing eyes of the flies, UAS-Aβ422X transgene resulted in a strongly reduced and rough eye phenotype, while UAS-Aβ42BL33770 only showed a strong rough eye phenotype; UAS-Aβ42H29.3 and UAS-Aβ4211C39 had mild rough eyes. The levels of cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the eye imaginal discs were consistently the highest in UAS-Aβ422X , followed by UAS-Aβ42BL33770 , UAS-Aβ4211C39 , and UAS-Aβ42H29.3 . Surprisingly, the reduction in survival during the development of these lines did not correlate with cell death or ROS levels. The flies which expressed UAS-Aβ4211C39 or UAS-Aβ42H29.3 experienced greatly reduced survival rates, although low levels of ROS or cell death were detected. Collectively, our results demonstrated that different Drosophila AD models show different phenotypic severity, and suggested that different transgenes may have different modes of cytotoxicity. Abbreviations: Aβ42: amyloid-β42; AD: Alzheimer's disease; UAS: upstream activation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungchul Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Cho KS, Lim YR, Lee K, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee IS. Terpenes from Forests and Human Health. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:97-106. [PMID: 28443180 PMCID: PMC5402865 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.2.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest bathing has beneficial effects on human health via showering of forest aerosols as well as physical relaxation. Terpenes that consist of multiple isoprene units are the largest class of organic compounds produced by various plants, and one of the major components of forest aerosols. Traditionally, terpene-containing plant oil has been used to treat various diseases without knowing the exact functions or the mechanisms of action of the individual bioactive compounds. This review categorizes various terpenes easily obtained from forests according to their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, or neuroprotective activities. Moreover, potential action mechanisms of the individual terpenes and their effects on such processes, which are described in various in vivo and in vitro systems, are discussed. In conclusion, the studies that show the biological effectiveness of terpenes support the benefits of forest bathing and propose a potential use of terpenes as chemotherapeutic agents for treating various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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12
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Liu QF, Jeong H, Lee JH, Hong YK, Oh Y, Kim YM, Suh YS, Bang S, Yun HS, Lee K, Cho SM, Lee SB, Jeon S, Chin YW, Koo BS, Cho KS. Coriandrum sativum Suppresses Aβ42-Induced ROS Increases, Glial Cell Proliferation, and ERK Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1325-1347. [PMID: 27776428 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, has a complex and widespread pathology that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid [Formula: see text]-peptide (A[Formula: see text]) in the brain and various cellular abnormalities, including increased oxidative damage, an amplified inflammatory response, and altered mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Based on the complex etiology of AD, traditional medicinal plants with multiple effective components are alternative treatments for patients with AD. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) leaves on A[Formula: see text] cytotoxicity and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects. Although recent studies have shown the benefits of the inhalation of C. sativum oil in an animal model of AD, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which C. sativum exerts its neuroprotective effects are unclear. Here, we found that treatment with C. sativum extract increased the survival of both A[Formula: see text]-treated mammalian cells and [Formula: see text]42-expressing flies. Moreover, C. sativum extract intake suppressed [Formula: see text]-induced cell death in the larval imaginal disc and brain without affecting A[Formula: see text]42 expression and accumulation. Interestingly, the increases in reactive oxygen species levels and glial cell number in AD model flies were reduced by C. sativum extract intake. Additionally, C. sativum extract inhibited the epidermal growth factor receptor- and A[Formula: see text]-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The constitutively active form of ERK abolished the protective function of C. sativum extract against the [Formula: see text]-induced eye defect phenotype in Drosophila. Taken together, these results suggest that C. sativum leaves have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ERK signaling inhibitory properties that are beneficial for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Feng Liu
- * Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju 38066, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Jeong
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Hong
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngje Oh
- * Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju 38066, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- § College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Suh
- ¶ Neurophysiology Research Group, Bio-Nano Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Bang
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,∥ Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 0529, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Man Cho
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- ** Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- †† Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- § College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- * Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju 38066, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- ‡ Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,∥ Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 0529, Republic of Korea
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13
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Effects of sarah/nebula knockdown on Aβ42-induced phenotypes during Drosophila development. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Lee S, Bang SM, Hong YK, Lee JH, Jeong H, Park SH, Liu QF, Lee IS, Cho KS. The calcineurin inhibitor Sarah (Nebula) exacerbates Aβ42 phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Dis Model Mech 2015; 9:295-306. [PMID: 26659252 PMCID: PMC4826976 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) protein, an inhibitor of the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, is elevated in the brains of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increased levels of DSCR1 were often observed to be deleterious to neuronal health, its beneficial effects against AD neuropathology have also been reported, and the roles of DSCR1 on the pathogenesis of AD remain controversial. Here, we investigated the role of sarah (sra; also known as nebula), a Drosophila DSCR1 ortholog, in amyloid-β42 (Aβ42)-induced neurological phenotypes in Drosophila. We detected sra expression in the mushroom bodies of the fly brain, which are a center for learning and memory in flies. Moreover, similar to humans with AD, Aβ42-expressing flies showed increased Sra levels in the brain, demonstrating that the expression pattern of DSCR1 with regard to AD pathogenesis is conserved in Drosophila. Interestingly, overexpression of sra using the UAS-GAL4 system exacerbated the rough-eye phenotype, decreased survival rates and increased neuronal cell death in Aβ42-expressing flies, without modulating Aβ42 expression. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of sra in combination with Aβ42 dramatically reduced both locomotor activity and the adult lifespan of flies, whereas flies with overexpression of sra alone showed normal climbing ability, albeit with a slightly reduced lifespan. Similarly, treatment with chemical inhibitors of calcineurin, such as FK506 and cyclosporin A, or knockdown of calcineurin expression by RNA interference (RNAi), exacerbated the Aβ42-induced rough-eye phenotype. Furthermore, sra-overexpressing flies displayed significantly decreased mitochondrial DNA and ATP levels, as well as increased susceptibility to oxidative stress compared to that of control flies. Taken together, our results demonstrating that sra overexpression augments Aβ42 cytotoxicity in Drosophila suggest that DSCR1 upregulation or calcineurin downregulation in the brain might exacerbate Aβ42-associated neuropathogenesis in AD or DS. Drosophila Collection: Chronically increased levels of Sarah (Nebula), a calcineurin inhibitor, cause mitochondria dysfunction and subsequently increased Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Min Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju 38066, Republic of Korea Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Liu QF, Lee JH, Kim YM, Lee S, Hong YK, Hwang S, Oh Y, Lee K, Yun HS, Lee IS, Jeon S, Chin YW, Koo BS, Cho KS. In Vivo Screening of Traditional Medicinal Plants for Neuroprotective Activity against Aβ42 Cytotoxicity by Using Drosophila Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1891-901. [PMID: 26458335 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive neuronal loss with amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques. Despite several drugs currently used to treat AD, their beneficial effects on AD progress remains under debate. Here, we established a rapid in vivo screening system using Drosophila AD models to assess the neuroprotective activities of medicinal plants that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Among 23 medicinal plants tested, the extracts from five plants, Coriandrum sativum, Nardostachys jatamansi, Polygonum multiflorum (P. multiflorum), Rehmannia glutinosa, and Sorbus commixta (S. commixta), showed protective effects against the Aβ42 neurotoxicity. We further characterized the neuroprotective activity of ethanol extracts from P. multiflorum and S. commixta. Aβ42-expressing flies that we used showed AD neurological phenotypes, such as decreased survival and motility and increased cell death and reactive oxygen species level. However, feeding these flies extracts from P. multiflorum or S. commixta showed strong suppression of such phenotypes. Similar results were observed in human cells, so that the treatment of P. multiflorum and S. commixta extracts increased the viability of Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside, one of the main constituents of P. multiflorum, also showed similar protective activity against Aβ42 cytotoxicity in both Drosophila and human cells. Taken together, our results suggest that both P. multiflorum and S. commixta have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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16
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17
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Modeling the complex pathology of Alzheimer's disease in Drosophila. Exp Neurol 2015; 274:58-71. [PMID: 26024860 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disorder. AD is mostly a sporadic disorder and its main risk factor is age, but mutations in three genes that promote the accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ42) peptide revealed the critical role of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in AD. Neurofibrillary tangles enriched in tau are the other pathological hallmark of AD, but the lack of causative tau mutations still puzzles researchers. Here, we describe the contribution of a powerful invertebrate model, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, to uncover the function and pathogenesis of human APP, Aβ42, and tau. APP and tau participate in many complex cellular processes, although their main function is microtubule stabilization and the to-and-fro transport of axonal vesicles. Additionally, expression of secreted Aβ42 induces prominent neuronal death in Drosophila, a critical feature of AD, making this model a popular choice for identifying intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediating Aβ42 neurotoxicity. Overall, Drosophila has made significant contributions to better understand the complex pathology of AD, although additional insight can be expected from combining multiple transgenes, performing genome-wide loss-of-function screens, and testing anti-tau therapies alone or in combination with Aβ42.
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18
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Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Alzheimer’s Disease, Drosophila melanogaster and Polyphenols. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:21-53. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Evaluation of traditional medicines for neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:967462. [PMID: 24790636 PMCID: PMC3984789 DOI: 10.1155/2014/967462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila is one of the oldest and most powerful genetic models and has led to novel insights into a variety of biological processes. Recently, Drosophila has emerged as a model system to study human diseases, including several important neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the genomic similarity between Drosophila and humans, Drosophila neurodegenerative disease models exhibit a variety of human-disease-like phenotypes, facilitating fast and cost-effective in vivo genetic modifier screening and drug evaluation. Using these models, many disease-associated genetic factors have been identified, leading to the identification of compelling drug candidates. Recently, the safety and efficacy of traditional medicines for human diseases have been evaluated in various animal disease models. Despite the advantages of the Drosophila model, its usage in the evaluation of traditional medicines is only nascent. Here, we introduce the Drosophila model for neurodegenerative diseases and some examples demonstrating the successful application of Drosophila models in the evaluation of traditional medicines.
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Cacabelos R, Cacabelos P, Torrellas C, Tellado I, Carril JC. Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer's disease: novel therapeutic strategies for drug development. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:323-556. [PMID: 25150875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major problem of health and disability, with a relevant economic impact on our society. Despite important advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, its primary causes still remain elusive, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized, and the available pharmacological treatments are not cost-effective. As a complex disorder, AD is a polygenic and multifactorial clinical entity in which hundreds of defective genes distributed across the human genome may contribute to its pathogenesis. Diverse environmental factors, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and epigenetic phenomena, together with structural and functional genomic dysfunctions, lead to amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and premature neuronal death, the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Future perspectives for the global management of AD predict that genomics and proteomics may help in the search for reliable biomarkers. In practical terms, the therapeutic response to conventional drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, multifactorial strategies) is genotype-specific. Genomic factors potentially involved in AD pharmacogenomics include at least five categories of gene clusters: (1) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (2) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (3) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (4) genes associated with drug transporters; and (5) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions. The implementation of pharmacogenomic strategies will contribute to optimize drug development and therapeutics in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain,
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