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Yan L, Zhang S, Zhou X, Tian S. Anti-biofilm and bacteriostatic effects of three flavonoid compounds on Streptococcus mutans. BIOFOULING 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37154041 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2209012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main cariogenic pathogen associated with dental caries. Orientin-2''-O-β-L-galactoside, orientin and vitexin are natural flavonoids compound. In this study, the antibacterial ability of these flavonoids and their mechanisms in inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation were investigated. Inhibition zone and 2-fold-dilution tests showed that these flavonoids exerted inhibitory effects on S. mutans. Phenol sulfuric acid method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test revealed that they could reduce EPS formation and stimulate S. mutans to release LDH. Moreover, crystal violet and live/dead bacterial staining test showed that they inhibited biofilm formation. Finally, qRT-PCR test indicated that the down-regulated the transcription levels of spaP, srtA, brpA, gtfB and luxS genes of S. mutans. In conclusion, orientin-2''-O-β-L-galactoside, orientin and vitexin had antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Central Laboratory, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Sha Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Shuge Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
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2
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Cahoon DS, Fisher DR, Lamon-Fava S, Wu D, Zheng T, Shukitt-Hale B. Blueberry treatment administered before and/or after lipopolysaccharide stimulation attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in rat microglial cells. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:127-137. [PMID: 36692990 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTMicroglia are key regulators of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the CNS. Microglia activation can lead to chronic inflammation, OS, and neurodegeneration. Blueberries (BB) reduce inflammation and OS when administered to microglia before stressors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but the therapeutic value of BBs administered after activation by stressors has not been examined. Therefore, this study investigated the differential effects of pre-, post-, and pre-/post-BB on inflammation and OS in LPS-activated microglia. Rat microglia were pretreated with BB (0.5 mg/mL) or control media (C) for 24 hours, incubated overnight with LPS (0 or 200 ng/mL), and post-treated with BB or C for 24 hours. Biomarkers of inflammation (e.g. nitrite [NO2-], tumor necrosis factor-ɑ [TNFɑ], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], phosphorylated IκB-α [pIκB-ɑ]) and OS (e.g. NADPH oxidase [NOX2]) were assessed. LPS increased NO2-, TNFɑ, COX-2, iNOS, pIκB-ɑ, and NOX2 compared to non-stressed conditions (P < 0.05), however BB before and/or after LPS significantly reduced these markers compared to no BB (P < 0.05). Pre-BB was more effective than post-BB at reducing LPS-induced NO2-, TNFɑ, and COX-2 (P < 0.05). Pre-BB was also more effective than pre-/post-BB at attenuating LPS-induced NO2- and TNFɑ (P < 0.05). All BB treatments were equally effective in reducing LPS-induced iNOS, pIκB-ɑ, and NOX2. Results suggest that BBs can target the downstream events of LPS-induced microglial activation and prevent stressor-induced neuroinflammation and OS. Furthermore, BBs may not need to be present prior to microglial activation for beneficial effects, suggesting that dietary interventions may be effective even after initiation of disease processes.Graphical Abstract. Cascade of inflammatory and OS-inducing events associated with self-propelling microglial activation by LPS and the effects of blueberry (0.5 mg/mL) administered before and/or after LPS on these processes (blue arrows). BB, blueberry; COX2, cyclooxygenase-2; IκB-ɑ, inhibitor kappa-B-ɑ; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; NO, nitric oxide; NOX2, NADPH oxidase; OS, oxidative stress; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNFɑ, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Cahoon
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek R Fisher
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tong Zheng
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Zhou C, Li T, Dong Q, Liang H, Xu L. SARM suppresses glioma progression in GL261 glioma cells and regulates microglial polarization. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1927-1936. [PMID: 35971755 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microglia is the major cellular component of glioma mass that promotes glioma growth, invasion, and chemoresistance by releasing inflammatory factors. Sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif (SARM), a member of the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor family, is primarily expressed in the central nervous system. However, the role of SARM in glioma is still undefined. In the present work, we examined the function of SARM in microglial polarization and glioma progression. Our results showed that forced the expression of SARM in GL261 glioma cells inhibited tumor growth, and reduced interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in conditioned media. Silencing of SARM in microglia cells inhibited IL-4-induced M2 polarization, enhanced lipopolysaccharide -induced M1 microglial polarization. Furthermore, overexpression of SARM increased the migration of microglia cells upon TGFβ stimulation. These data suggested that SARM is involved in neuro-inflammation and microglia activation. In summary, this study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of microglial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianzun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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4
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Ong WY, Herr DR, Sun GY, Lin TN. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phytochemical Components of Clinacanthus nutans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113607. [PMID: 35684542 PMCID: PMC9182488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of Clinacanthus nutans suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves with polar and nonpolar solvents has yielded many C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin. Aside from studies with different extracts, there is increasing interest to understand the properties of these components, especially regarding their ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cells and tissues. A major focus for this review is to obtain information on the effects of C. nutans extracts and its phytochemical components on inflammatory signaling pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on their role to target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant defense pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) pathway linking to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of eicosanoids. The ability to provide a better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanism of action of C. nutans extracts and their phytochemical components should encourage future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for better use of this herb to combat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore;
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
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5
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Zheng LT, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xu L, Hou T, Zhen X, Dai Q, Liu H. Inhibition of neuroinflammation by MIF inhibitor 3-({[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl]thio}1methyl)benzoic acid (Z-312). Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107868. [PMID: 34153665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microglial overactivation-mediated neuroinflammation contributes greatly to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases by inducing various proinflammatory cytokines. Compound 3-({[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl]thio}methyl)benzoic acid (Z-312) is a novel small -molecule inhibitor of MIF tautomeric activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Z-312 on liposaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that Z-312 significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated microglial cells. Mechanistically, nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα, NF-κB transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and JNK were markedly attenuated by pretreatment with Z-312 in BV-2 microglial cells. In addition, Z-312 suppressed the neurotoxic effects of cell culture medium of LPS-activated BV-2 microglia on cocultured mouse HT22 neuroblastoma cells. An in vivo study demonstrated that Z-312 markedly ameliorated microglial activation and subsequent DA neuron loss in an LPS-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. These results suggest that MIF inhibitor Z-312 may be a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation-mediated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qijun Dai
- Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian 226600, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian 226600, China
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Han C, Yan P, He T, Cheng J, Zheng W, Zheng LT, Zhen X. PHLDA1 promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via regulating K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:640-653. [PMID: 32353516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1) plays an important role in immunological regulation, particularly in the Toll-like receptor-mediated immune response. Here, we explored the potential roles of PHLDA1 in microglia-mediated inflammation and neuronal protection. We found that PHLDA1 expression was rapidly increased in response to inflammatory stimuli in microglia cells in vivo or in vitro. Knockdown of PHLDA1 using adeno-associated virus serotype (AAV) ameliorated MPTP-induced motor deficits and inhibited neuroinflammation in mice. In support of this observation in vivo, we found that LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression, including TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2, was decreased in PHLDA1-deficient microglial cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that increased expression of PHLDA1, upon LPS stimulation in microglia, led to direct interaction with TRAF6 and enhanced its K63-linked ubiquitination-mediated NF-κB signaling activation. PHLDA1 deficiency interfered with TRAF6 K63-linked ubiquitination and inhibited microglial inflammatory responses. These findings reveal the first evidence that PHLDA1 is an important modulator of microglial function that is associated with microglia-mediated dopaminergic neurotoxicity. The data therefore provided the first evidence that PHLDA1 may be a potent modulator for neuroinflammation, and PHLDA1 may be a novel drug target for treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengju Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Long-Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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7
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Crespo-López ME, Soares ES, Macchi BDM, Santos-Sacramento L, Takeda PY, Lopes-Araújo A, Paraense RSDO, Souza-Monteiro JR, Augusto-Oliveira M, Luz DA, Maia CDSF, Rogez H, Lima MDO, Pereira JP, Oliveira DC, Burbano RR, Lima RR, do Nascimento JLM, Arrifano GDP. Towards Therapeutic Alternatives for Mercury Neurotoxicity in the Amazon: Unraveling the Pre-Clinical Effects of the Superfruit Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea, Mart.) as Juice for Human Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112585. [PMID: 31717801 PMCID: PMC6893510 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is a serious problem of public health, especially in the Amazon. Exposure in riverine populations is responsible for neurobehavioral abnormalities. It was hypothesized that consumption of Amazonian fruits could protect by reducing mercury accumulation. This work analyzed the effects of commercial samples of Euterpe oleracea (EO) for human consumption (10 μL/g) against MeHg i.p. exposure (2.5 mg/Kg), using neurobehavioral (open field, rotarod and pole tests), biochemical (lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels), aging-related (telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA expression) and toxicokinetic (MeHg content) parameters in mice. Both the pole and rotarod tests were the most sensitive tests accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels in brains. MeHg reduced TERT mRNA about 50% demonstrating a strong pro-aging effect. The EO intake, similar to that of human populations, prevented all alterations, without changing the mercury content, but avoiding neurotoxicity and premature aging of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Contrary to the hypothesis found in the literature on the possible chelating properties of Amazonian fruits consumption, the effect of EO would be essentially pharmacodynamics, and possible mechanisms are discussed. Our data already support the regular consumption of EO as an excellent option for exposed Amazonian populations to have additional protection against MeHg intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ericks Sousa Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Investigation, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa, Catarina, Florianópolis-SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Barbarella de Matos Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Yuki Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Diandra Araújo Luz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior and Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Valorisation of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) and Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Pereira
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretary of Sanitary Surveillance, Belém-PA 66093-020, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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8
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Han CJ, Zheng JY, Sun L, Yang HC, Cao ZQ, Zhang XH, Zheng LT, Zhen XC. The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate inhibits microglial activation via the AMPK/mTOR/NF-κB pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1292-1302. [PMID: 31015738 PMCID: PMC6786375 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the brain-resident macrophage, is known as the innate immune cell type in the central nervous system. Microglia is also the major cellular component of tumor mass of gliomas that plays a key role in glioma development. Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) frequently occur in gliomas, which leads to accumulation of oncometabolic product 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Moreover, IDH1/2 mutations were found to correlate with better prognosis in glioma patients. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the 2HG on microglial inflammatory activation. We showed that the conditioned media (CM) from GL261 glioma cells stimulated the activation of BV-2 microglia cells, evidenced by markedly increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) and CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine 10). CM-induced expression of proinflammatory genes was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with a synthetic cell-permeable 2HG (1 mM) or a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor BAY11-7082 (10 μM). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or TNF-α-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells and primary microglia, pretreatment with 2HG (0.25-1 mM) dose-dependently suppressed the expression of proinflammatory genes. We further demonstrated that 2HG significantly suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β), IκBα and p65, IκB degradation, and nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB, as well as NF-κB transcriptional activity. Similarly, ectopic expression of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) (R132H) significantly decreased TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, we revealed that activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling contributed to the inhibitory effect of 2HG on NF-κB signaling pathway in BV-2 cells. Taken together, these results, for the first time, show that oncometabolite 2HG inhibits microglial activation through affecting AMPK/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway and provide evidence that oncometabolite 2HG may regulate glioma development via modulating microglial activation in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ji-Yue Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui-Cui Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Long-Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xue-Chu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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9
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Gu R, Wang Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Li P, Xu L, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Kennelly EJ, Long C. Three new compounds with nitric oxide inhibitory activity from Tirpitzia sinensis, an ethnomedicinal plant from Southwest China. BMC Chem 2019; 13:47. [PMID: 31384795 PMCID: PMC6661779 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant Tirpitzia sinensis has been used by the Zhuang ethnic people in mountainous areas of Southwest China to stop bleeding, invigorate blood circulation, and treat inflammation and wounds. In order to further explore its traditional medicinal uses, the phytochemical constituents of this species were examined. Three new compounds, the lignan tirpitzin (1), the flavonoid tirpitzoside (2), and the furan-glycoside tirpitziol (3), along with five known compounds were isolated from the aerial part of T. sinensis for the first time. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, LC/MS, IR spectrometric methods and compared with published data. The results of an in silico pharmacophore-based analysis showed potential targets of the new compounds, including ERBB2, IRAK4, LCK, JAK2, MAPK14, and MMP-12. These targets suggested that 1-3 may be involved with wound-healing and/or inflammation, leading to an in vitro assay of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays with lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells. All three new compounds displayed moderate NO inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 14.97 ± 0.87, 26.63 ± 1.32, and 17.09 ± 2.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Gu
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehu Wang
- 2Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 People's Republic of China
| | - Shibiao Wu
- 3Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York, 10468 USA
| | - Yeling Wang
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Ze'e Chen
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China.,3Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York, 10468 USA.,4Ph.D. Programs in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, 10016 USA
| | - Chunlin Long
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China.,2Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 People's Republic of China.,5Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Ministry of Education, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
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10
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Qi S, Feng Z, Li Q, Qi Z, Zhang Y. Inhibition of ROS-mediated activation Src-MAPK/AKT signaling by orientin alleviates H 2O 2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3973-3984. [PMID: 30510405 PMCID: PMC6248275 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered a direct cause of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Drugs developed to target ROS are effective for the treatment of NDDs. Orientin is a pyrone glucoside extracted from Polygonum orientale, and it exhibits many pharmacological activities. In this study, we aimed to determine whether orientin could relieve hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal apoptosis and to investigate the specific target of orientin. Materials and methods In this study, the neuroprotective effect and its possible mechanisms of orientin in mouse pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) cells stimulated by H2O2, establishing an oxidative stress model, were investigated. And we further tested the role of ROS in the neuroprotective effects of orientin. Results Orientin (5-100 µg/mL) did not cause toxicity in PC12 cells but significantly decreased H2O2-induced reduction in PC12 cell viability, cell apoptosis rates, and nuclear condensation. It also inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Under the stimulation of H2O2, MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38), AKT, and Src signaling proteins in PC12 cells were activated in a time-dependent manner. The application of inhibitors that were specific for MAPKs, AKT, and Src effectively alleviated H2O2-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the Src inhibitor decreased the activation of MAPKs and AKT signaling. More importantly, orientin effectively decreased H2O2-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs, AKT, and Src signaling proteins. Finally, we confirmed that orientin effectively inhibited H2O2-induced accumulation of ROS in cells. In addition, ROS inhibitors blocked the Src-MAPKs/AKT signaling pathway-dependent cell apoptosis stimulated by H2O2. Conclusion These results indicate that alleviation of H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by orientin is Src-MAPKs/AKT dependent. Overall, our study confirms that orientin alleviates H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the ROS-mediated activation of Src-MAPKs/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zunyong Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhilin Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China,
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11
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Liang J, Wu S, Xie W, He H. Ketamine ameliorates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in experimental traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2 pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:845-853. [PMID: 29713142 PMCID: PMC5907785 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Ketamine can act as a multifunctional neuroprotective agent by inhibiting oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and apoptosis. Although it has been proven to be effective in various neurologic disorders, the mechanism of the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective function of ketamine in models of TBI and the potential role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in this putative protective effect. Materials and methods Wild-type male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Sham group, Sham + ketamine group, TBI group, TBI + vehicle group, and TBI + ketamine group. Marmarou’s weight drop model in mice was used to induce TBI, after which either ketamine or vehicle was administered via intraperitoneal injection. After 24 h, the brain samples were collected for analysis. Results Ketamine significantly ameliorated secondary brain injury induced by TBI, including neurological deficits, brain water content, and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were restored by the ketamine treatment. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that ketamine significantly increased the level of Nrf2. Furthermore, administration of ketamine also induced the expression of Nrf2 pathway-related downstream factors, including hemeoxygenase-1 and quinine oxidoreductase-1, at the pre- and post-transcriptional levels. Conclusion Ketamine exhibits neuroprotective effects by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis after TBI. Therefore, ketamine could be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhu Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Tian T, Zeng J, Zhao G, Zhao W, Gao S, Liu L. Neuroprotective effects of orientin on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell injury in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:78-86. [PMID: 29073777 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217737983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside) is a phenolic compound found abundantly in millet, juice, and peel of passion fruit and has been shown to have antioxidant properties. In the present study, we explored the effects of orientin on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP)-induced cell injury in primary culture of rat cortical neurons using an in vitro model of neonatal ischemic brain injury. The reduced cell viability and elevated lactate dehydrogenase leakage were observed after OGD/RP exposure, which were then reversed by orientin (10, 20, and 30 µM) pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, OGD/RP treatment resulted in significant oxidative stress, accompanied by enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and obvious depletion in the activities of intracellular Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase antioxidases. However, these effects were dose dependently restored by orientin pretreatment. We also found that orientin pretreatment dose dependently suppressed [Ca2+]i increase and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation caused by OGD/RP in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Western blot analysis showed that OGD/RP exposure induced a distinct decrease of Bcl-2 protein and a marked elevation of Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins; whereas these effects were dose dependently reversed by orientin incubation. Both the caspase-3 activity and the apoptosis rate were increased under OGD/RP treatment, but was then dose dependently down-regulated by orientin (10, 20, and 30 µM) incubation. Moreover, orientin pretreatment dose dependently inhibited OGD/RP-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2. Notably, JNK inhibitor SP600125 and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 also dramatically attenuated OGD/RP-induced cell viability loss and ROS generation, and further, orientin failed to protect cortical neurons with the interference of JNK activator anisomycin or ERK1/2 activator FGF-2. Taken together, these results demonstrated that orientin has significant neuroprotective effects against OGD/RP-induced cell injury via JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Impact statement Orientin has been used in traditional eastern medicine and reported to possess antioxidant properties. However, the effects of orientin on neonatal ischemic brain injury and the underlying mechanisms involved have not been studied. Our results showed that orientin exerts significant neuroprotective effects on cell injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion via the JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in primary culture of rat cortical neurons, implying the potential therapeutic application of orientin via the suppression of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. This research suggested that orientin may be used as a therapeutic and preventive option for newborn cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- 1 Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Junan Zeng
- 3 Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Songyi Gao
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- 1 Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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13
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Liu TY, Yang XY, Zheng LT, Wang GH, Zhen XC. Activation of Nur77 in microglia attenuates proinflammatory mediators production and protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-induced cell death. J Neurochem 2016; 140:589-604. [PMID: 27889907 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathological development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 (Nur77) is abundant in neurons, while its role in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation remains unclear. The present data demonstrated that the expression of Nur77 in microglia was reduced accompanied by microglia activation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and in experimental 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-PD mouse model. Nur77 over-expression or application of Nur77 agonist cytosporone B suppressed the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as inducible nitric oxide NOS, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the activated microglia, while silenced Nur77 exaggerated the inflammatory responses in microglia. Moreover, activation of Nur77 suppressed the LPS-induced NF-κB activation which was partly dependent on p38 MAPK activity, since inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 abolished the LPS-activated NF-κB in microglia. On the other hand, inhibition of p38 MAPK attenuated LPS-induced Nur77 reduction. Furthermore, in a microglia-conditioned cultured media system, Nur77 ameliorated the cytotoxicity to MN9D dopaminergic cells. Lastly, cytosporone B attenuated microglia activation and loss of dopaminergic neuron in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-PD mouse model. Taken together, these findings revealed the first evidence that Nur77 was an important modulator in microglia function that associated with microglia-mediated dopaminergic neurotoxicity, and thus modulation of Nur77 may represent a potential novel target for treatment for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ya Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long-Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Chu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Hao DC, He CN, Shen J, Xiao PG. Anticancer Chemodiversity of Ranunculaceae Medicinal Plants: Molecular Mechanisms and Functions. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:39-59. [PMID: 28503089 PMCID: PMC5321773 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803151752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, comprising more than 2,200 species in at least 62 genera, mostly herbs, has long been used in folk medicine and worldwide ethnomedicine since the beginning of human civilization. Various medicinal phytometabolites have been found in Ranunculaceae plants, many of which, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and polysaccharides, have shown anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Most concerns have been raised for two epiphany molecules, the monoterpene thymoquinone and the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. At least 17 genera have been enriched with anti-cancer phytometabolites. Some Ranunculaceae phytometabolites induce the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells or enhance immune activities, while others inhibit the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, or reverse the multi-drug resistance of cancer cells thereby regulating all known hallmarks of cancer. These phytometabolites could exert their anti-cancer activities via multiple signaling pathways. In addition, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/toxicity properties and structure/activity relationships of some phytometabolites have been revealed assisting in the early drug discovery and development pipelines. However, a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms and functions of Ranunculaceae anti-cancer phytometabolites is lacking. Here, we summarize the recent progress of the anti-cancer chemo- and pharmacological diversity of Ranunculaceae medicinal plants, focusing on the emerging molecular machineries and functions of anti-cancer phytometabolites. Gene expression profiling and relevant omics platforms (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) could reveal differential effects of phytometabolites on the phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- 1Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China; 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Nian He
- 1Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China; 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- 1Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China; 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- 1Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China; 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Dulla YAT, Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Seki T, Shudo K, Katsuki H. Regulatory Mechanisms of Vitamin D 3 on Production of Nitric Oxide and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Microglial BV-2 Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2848-2858. [PMID: 27401255 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of pro-inflammatory functions of microglia has been considered a promising strategy to prevent pathogenic events in the central nervous system under neurodegenerative conditions. Here we examined potential inhibitory effects of nuclear receptor ligands on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in microglial BV-2 cells. We demonstrate that a vitamin D receptor agonist 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) and a retinoid X receptor agonist HX630 affect LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Specifically, both VD3 and HX630 inhibited expression of mRNAs encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-6, whereas expression of IL-1β mRNA was inhibited only by VD3. The inhibitory effect of VD3 and HX630 on expression of iNOS and IL-6 mRNAs was additive. Effect of VD3 and HX630 was also observed for inhibition of iNOS protein expression and nitric oxide production. Moreover, VD3 and HX630 inhibited LPS-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK kinase, attenuated LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and induction of mRNAs for iNOS, IL-1β and IL-6. These results indicate that VD3 can inhibit production of several pro-inflammatory molecules from microglia, and that suppression of ERK activation is at least in part involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of VD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeny Aster T Dulla
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Akinori Hisatsune
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto, Japan.,Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Koichi Shudo
- Research Foundation Itsuu Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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16
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Clinacanthus nutans Extracts Modulate Epigenetic Link to Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Expression in SH-SY5Y Cells and Primary Cortical Neurons. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:441-52. [PMID: 27319010 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans), commonly known as Sabah Snake Grass in southeast Asia, is widely used in folk medicine due to its analgesic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Our recent study provided evidence for the regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) mRNA expression by epigenetic factors (Tan et al. in Mol Neurobiol. doi: 10.1007/s12035-015-9314-z , 2015). This enzyme catalyzes the release of arachidonic acid from glycerophospholipids, and formation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids or toxic lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal. In this study, we examined the effects of C. nutans ethanol leaf extracts on epigenetic regulation of cPLA2 mRNA expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and mouse primary cortical neurons. C. nutans modulated induction of cPLA2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, MS-275, MC-1568, and TSA. C. nutans extracts also inhibited histone acetylase (HAT) activity. Levels of cPLA2 mRNA expression were increased in primary cortical neurons subjected to 0.5-h oxygen-glucose deprivation injury (OGD). This increase was significantly inhibited by C. nutans treatment. Treatment of primary neurons with the HDAC inhibitor MS-275 augmented OGD-induced cPLA2 mRNA expression, and this increase was modulated by C. nutans extracts. OGD-stimulated increase in cPLA2 mRNA expression was also reduced by a Tip60 HAT inhibitor, NU9056. In view of a key role of cPLA2 in the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and free radical damage, and the fact that epigenetic effects on genes are often long-lasting, results suggest a role for C. nutans and phytochemicals to inhibit the production of arachidonic acid-derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and chronic inflammation, through epigenetic regulation of cPLA2 expression.
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17
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LLDT-8 protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing post-stroke inflammation. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Clinacanthus nutans Protects Cortical Neurons Against Hypoxia-Induced Toxicity by Downregulating HDAC1/6. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:274-82. [PMID: 27165113 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many population-based epidemiological studies have unveiled an inverse correlation between intake of herbal plants and incidence of stroke. C. nutans is a traditional herbal medicine widely used for snake bite, viral infection and cancer in Asian countries. However, its role in protecting stroke damage remains to be studied. Despite of growing evidence to support epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis and recovery of stroke, a clear understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still lacking. In the present study, primary cortical neurons were subjected to in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation and hypoxic neuronal death was used to investigate the interaction between C. nutans and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Using pharmacological agents (HDAC inhibitor/activator), loss-of-function (HDAC siRNA) and gain-of-function (HDAC plasmid) approaches, we demonstrated an early induction of HDAC1/2/3/8 and HDAC6 in neurons after OGD insult. C. nutans extract selectively inhibited HDAC1 and HDAC6 expression and attenuated neuronal death. Results of reporter analysis further revealed that C. nutans suppressed HDAC1 and HDAC6 transcription. Besides ameliorating neuronal death, C. nutans also protected astrocytes and endothelial cells from hypoxic-induced cell death. In summary, results support ability for C. nutans to suppress post-hypoxic HDACs activation and mitigate against OGD-induced neuronal death. This study further opens a new avenue for the use of herbal medicines to regulate epigenetic control of brain injury.
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Chen H, Han C, Wu J, Liu X, Zhan Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Gu R, Zhang L, Chen S, Jia J, Zhen X, Zheng LT, Jiang B. Accessible Method for the Development of Novel Sterol Analogues with Dipeptide-like Side Chains That Act as Neuroinflammation Inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:305-15. [PMID: 26815166 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of novel sterol derivatives with dipeptide-like side chains were synthesized using an Ugi four-component condensation method and assayed to test their anti-inflammatory effects in activated microglial cells. Compound 18b ((3S,10R,13S)-N-((R)-1-(tert-butylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-N,10,13-trimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17-carboxamide) was identified as the most potent anti-inflammatory agent in the series of compounds analyzed. Compound 18b markedly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells. Further studies showed that compound 18b significantly suppressed the transcriptional activity of AP-1 and NF-κB in activated microglial cells, which was likely mediated by the inhibition of the p38 MAPK and JNK signal transduction pathways. In addition, compound 18b displayed neuroprotective effects in a microglial-conditioned medium/neuron coculture and an experimental focal ischemic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chen
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chaojun Han
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuexiong Zhan
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiakang Chen
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Ruinan Gu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Long Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric
Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders: Is there a role for flavonoids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in counteracting their detrimental effects? Neurochem Int 2015; 89:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Wu Z, Li L, Zheng LT, Xu Z, Guo L, Zhen X. Allosteric modulation of sigma-1 receptors by SKF83959 inhibits microglia-mediated inflammation. J Neurochem 2015; 134:904-14. [PMID: 26031312 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that sigma-1 receptor orthodox agonists can inhibit neuroinflammation. SKF83959 (3-methyl-6-chloro-7,8-hydroxy-1-[3-methylphenyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine), an atypical dopamine receptor-1 agonist, has been recently identified as a potent allosteric modulator of sigma-1 receptor. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SKF83959 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. Our results indicated that SKF83959 significantly suppressed the expression/release of the pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species. All of these responses were blocked by selective sigma-1 receptor antagonists (BD1047 or BD1063) and by ketoconazole (an inhibitor of enzyme cytochrome c17 to inhibit the synthesis of endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA). Additionally, we found that SKF83959 promoted the binding activity of DHEA with sigma-1 receptors, and enhanced the inhibitory effects of DHEA on LPS-induced microglia activation in a synergic manner. Furthermore, in a microglia-conditioned media system, SKF83959 inhibited the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium generated by LPS-activated microglia toward HT-22 neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence that allosteric modulation of sigma-1 receptors by SKF83959 inhibits microglia-mediated inflammation. SKF83959 is a potent allosteric modulator of sigma-1 receptor. Our results indicated that SKF83959 enhanced the activity of endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in a synergic manner, and inhibited the activation of BV2 microglia and the expression/release of the pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/analogs & derivatives
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Dehydroepiandrosterone/metabolism
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Ethylenediamines/pharmacology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Ketoconazole/pharmacology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/pathology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroimmunomodulation/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, sigma/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Sigma-1 Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric-disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlang Li
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric-disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long-Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric-disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Jiangsu Huayi Technology Co, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric-disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric-disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Medicine Formula Jiajian Yunvjian on Experimental Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction Induced by Coronary Artery Ligation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:949656. [PMID: 26185521 PMCID: PMC4491583 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. This study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of a classic Chinese medicine formula Jiajian Yunvjian (JJYNJ) on cardiac remodeling. Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) model was achieved by coronary artery ligation (CAL). Methodology. When dosed orally once daily, the effects of JJYNJ on hemodynamics, left ventricular weight index (LVWI), heart weight index (HWI), concentration, and gene expression of neuroendocrine factors as well as the histomorphological observation were determined. Results. After 4 weeks, mild cardiac remodeling in CAL group was characterized compared with sham group, but after 4 weeks of treatment of JJYNJ, hemodynamics improved, HWI reduced, and circulating angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) concentrations as well as Ang II receptor type 1 (AT1R) mRNA, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA, and TNF-α mRNA levels in myocardium were lower than in CAL group. Decreased plasma aldosterone (ALD) concentration, cross-sectional area of cardiomyocyte, collagen volume fraction (CVF), collagen types I and III, perivascular collagen area (PVCA), and upregulated nitric oxide (NO) levels were observed at the same time. Conclusions. These findings suggest that JJYNJ may have a protective and therapeutic function on cardiac remodeling related to MI.
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23
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Gan P, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Zhou X, Zhang X, Gao B, Zhen X, Zhang J, Zheng LT. Anti-inflammatory effects of glaucocalyxin B in microglia cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 128:35-46. [PMID: 26003084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-activated microglia is involved in various kinds of neurodegenerative process including Parkinson, Alzheimer and HIV dementia. Suppression of microglial over activation has emerged as a novel strategy for treatment of neuroinflammation-based neurodegeneration. In the current study, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of the ent-kauranoid diterpenoids, which were isolated from the aerial parts of Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.) var. glaucocalyx (Maxim.) Hara, were investigated in cultured microglia cells. Glaucocalyxin B (GLB), one of five ent-kauranoid diterpenoids, significantly decreased the generation of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia cells. In addition, GLB inhibited activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-activated microglia cells. Furthermore, GLB strongly induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in BV-2 microglia cells. Finally, GLB exhibited neuroprotective effect by preventing over-activated microglia induced neurotoxicity in a microglia/neuron co-culture model. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the GLB possesses anti-nueroinflammatory activity, and might serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treating neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fali Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Bo Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Natural Medical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Long Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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24
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Xu Z, Wu J, Zheng J, Ma H, Zhang H, Zhen X, Zheng LT, Zhang X. Design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug conjugates as novel neuroinflammatory inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:528-37. [PMID: 25765352 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the process of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ischemia and multiple sclerosis. As the macrophages in the central nervous system, microglial cell function in the innate immunity of the brain and are largely responsible for the inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity. Prevention of microglia activation might alleviate neuronal damage and degeneration under the inflammatory conditions, and therefore, represents a possible therapeutic approach to the aforementioned CNS diseases. Here we report the synthesis of a number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) conjugates, and the evaluation of their anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and primary mouse microglial cells. Among the tested analogues, compounds 8 and 11 demonstrated potent inhibition of nitric oxide production with no or weak cell toxicity. Compound 8 also significantly suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Further mechanistic studies indicated that compound 8 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and subsequent activation of activator of transcription 1 (AP-1). Furthermore, in a co-culture system, compound 8 inhibited the cytotoxicity generated by LPS-activated microglia toward HT-22 neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, these experimental results demonstrated that compound 8 possessed potent anti-neuroinflammatory activity via inhibition of microglia activation, and might serve as a potential lead for the therapeutic treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Jiyue Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Long Tai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Su Zhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China.
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25
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Wu J, Du J, Gu R, Zhang L, Zhen X, Li Y, Chen H, Jiang B, Zheng L. Inhibition of neuroinflammation by synthetic androstene derivatives incorporating amino acid methyl esters on activated BV-2 microglia. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:610-6. [PMID: 25735986 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Androstene derivatives incorporating amino acid methyl esters were prepared, and their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglial cells. Several compounds exhibited dose-dependent inhibition. The most active compound, methyl ((3S,10R,13S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17-carbonyl)-L-phenylalaninate (10) significantly suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 10 markedly inhibits phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and subsequent transcription factor (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation. Furthermore, compound 10 decreased LPS-activated microglial neurotoxicity in a condition medium/HT-22 neuroblastoma co-culture model. Taken together, these results suggest 10 is a potential lead compound for the development of a novel therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 (PR China)
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