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Abdel Bar FM, Mira A, Foudah AI, Alossaimi MA, Alkanhal SF, Aldaej AM, ElNaggar MH. In Vitro and In Silico Investigation of Polyacetylenes from Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy as Potential COX-2, 5-LOX, and BchE Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083526. [PMID: 37110760 PMCID: PMC10145610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse secondary metabolites are biosynthesized by plants via various enzymatic cascades. These have the capacity to interact with various human receptors, particularly enzymes implicated in the etiology of several diseases. The n-hexane fraction of the whole plant extract of the wild edible plant, Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy was purified by column chromatography. Five polyacetylene derivatives were identified, including (3S,8E)-deca-8-en-4,6-diyne-1,3-diol (1A), (3S)-deca-4,6,8-triyne-1,3-diol (1B), (3S)-(6E,12E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol (2), bidensyneoside (3), and (3S)-(6E,12E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). These compounds were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against enzymes involved in neuroinflammatory disorders, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) enzymes. All isolates recorded weak-moderate activities against COX-2. However, the polyacetylene glycoside (4) showed dual inhibition against BchE (IC50 14.77 ± 1.55 μM) and 5-LOX (IC50 34.59 ± 4.26 μM). Molecular docking experiments were conducted to explain these results, which showed that compound 4 exhibited greater binding affinity to 5-LOX (-8.132 kcal/mol) compared to the cocrystallized ligand (-6.218 kcal/mol). Similarly, 4 showed a good binding affinity to BchE (-7.305 kcal/mol), which was comparable to the cocrystallized ligand (-8.049 kcal/mol). Simultaneous docking was used to study the combinatorial affinity of the unresolved mixture 1A/1B to the active sites of the tested enzymes. Generally, the individual molecules showed lower docking scores against all the investigated targets compared to their combination, which was consistent with the in vitro results. This study demonstrated that the presence of a sugar moiety (in 3 and 4) resulted in dual inhibition of 5-LOX and BchE enzymes compared to their free polyacetylenes analogs. Thus, polyacetylene glycosides could be suggested as potential leads for developing new inhibitors against the enzymes involved in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Abdel Bar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Mira
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha F Alkanhal
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud M Aldaej
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai H ElNaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Cai FJ, Li CH, Sun XH, Wang L, Tian JL, Zhao W, Kong DG, Liu Q, Zhou HL. A new dihydroflavone and a new polyacetylene glucoside from Bidens parviflora. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:963-970. [PMID: 34747287 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1998010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new dihydroflavone, 2(S)-isookanin-4'-methoxy-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), and a new polyacetylene glucoside, (10S)-tridecane-2E-ene-4,6,8-triyne-1-ol-10-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with seven known compounds (3-9), were isolated from the herb of Bidens parviflora Willd. The structures of all the extracted compounds were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra, as well as circular dichroism (CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jie Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chuan-Hou Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Medical College, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jin-Li Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - De-Gang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Santos JAM, Santos CLAA, Freitas Filho JR, Menezes PH, Freitas JCR. Polyacetylene Glycosides: Isolation, Biological Activities and Synthesis. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100176. [PMID: 34665514 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetylene glycosides (PAGs) constitute a relatively small class of secondary metabolites characterized by the presence of a sugar unit anomerically connected to a polyacetylene. These compounds are found in fungi, seaweed, and more often in plants. PAGs exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities and, as a result, the literature of these compounds has grown exponentially in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonh A M Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Barreiros, PE, Brazil
| | - Cláudia L A A Santos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife,PE, Brazil
| | - João R Freitas Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Menezes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife,PE, Brazil
| | - Juliano C R Freitas
- Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil
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Bailly C. Anticancer Properties of Lobetyolin, an Essential Component of Radix Codonopsis (Dangshen). NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:143-153. [PMID: 33161560 PMCID: PMC7981376 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lobetyolin (LBT) is a polyacetylene glycoside found in diverse medicinal plants but mainly isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, known as Radix Codonopsis or Dangshen. Twelve traditional Chinese medicinal preparations containing Radix Codonopsis were identified; they are generally used to tonify spleen and lung Qi and occasionally to treat cancer. Here we have reviewed the anticancer properties of Codonopsis extracts, LBT and structural analogs. Lobetyolin and lobetyolinin are the mono- and bis-glucosylated forms of the polyacetylenic compound lobetyol. Lobetyol and LBT have shown activities against several types of cancer (notably gastric cancer) and we examined the molecular basis of their activity. A down-regulation of glutamine metabolism by LBT has been evidenced, contributing to drug-induced apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. LBT markedly reduces both mRNA and protein expression of the amino acid transporter Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2 (ASCT2). Other potential targets are proposed here, based on the structural analogy with other anticancer compounds. LBT and related polyacetylene glycosides should be further considered as potential anticancer agents, but more work is needed to evaluate their efficacy, toxicity, and risk-benefit ratio.
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Three new polyacetylene glycosides (PAGs) from the aerial part of Launaea capitata (Asteraceae) with anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104548. [PMID: 32209391 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four polyacetylenic glycosides, three of which are new, together with two known flavonoids were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Launaea capitate, designated bidensyneoside A1 (1), 6´-O-acetyl-bidensyneoside A1 (2), bidensyneoside E (3), bidensyneoside F (4), luteolin (5) and luteolin-7-glucoside (6) also known as cynaroside. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of 1D, 2D-NMR and HR-MS data. The absolute configuration of the bidensyneosides was determined by Mosher ester analysis and the optical rotation values. The isolated compounds were tested against biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus as well as against several pathogens including Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Furthermore, they were tested for their cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines L929 and KB-3-1. Compound 4 showed moderate inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation with 30% and 25% at 256 and 128 μg/mL, respectively, while compounds 1 and 5 showed weak inhibition with 20% at 256 μg/mL. Compound 5 showed moderate cytotoxicity against both cell lines L929 and KB-3-1, with IC50 values of 18 μg/mL.
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Su JS, Qin FY, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Four new polyynes from Codonopsis pilosula collected in Yunnan province, China. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3548-3555. [PMID: 31960727 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1712390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Choushenpilosulynes D-G (1-4): four new polyynes were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Campanulaceae) cultivated in Yunnan province, China. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. Bioactive evaluation showed that choushenpilosulynes E (2) and F (3) demonstrated potent inhibitory effect on lipid formation induced by 100 μM oleic acid stimulation. In addition, choushenpilosulyne F (3) uncovered inhibitory activity against the expression of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) gene transcript in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Su
- School of Ethnic medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu-Ying Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cimmino A, Masi M, Evidente M, Superchi S, Evidente A. Application of Mosher’s method for absolute configuration assignment to bioactive plants and fungi metabolites. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:59-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kitanaka S. Chemical Compounds in Natural Medicines That Affect Macropharges and Adipocyte Cells. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 136:1195-216. [PMID: 27592825 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play major roles in inflammation, immunity and host defense mechanisms. Once activated they produce and release cytokines, oxygen and nitrogen species, and eicosanoids. The best characterized stimuli to induce the transcription of genes encoding pro-inflammatory proteins in macrophages in vitro is bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS could be used alone or in combination with recombinant mouse interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Such stimulation results in cytokine release and the synthesis of enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The nitric oxide (NO) radical is known to play a central role in inflammatory and immune reactions for self-protection. However, the excessive production of NO may lead to tissue damage. In inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, excessive NO production by activated macrophages has been observed. Adipose tissue is composed of various cell types such as mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular cells, and macrophages. Recent studies indicate that obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation of adipose tissues, and that such inflammation is one of the potential mechanisms leading to the insulin resistance. It has been demonstrated that obese adipose tissue is characterized by the increased infiltration of macrophages. Therefore, we attempted to identify natural anti-inflammatory compounds that not only inhibit the secretion of NO from RAW 264.7 cells, but also inhibit triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This review describes the NO prpduction inhibitory activity or the TG accumulation inhibitory activity of the compounds obtained from 18 plants and a fungi that have been used as traditional medicines.
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Guo J, Wang A, Yang K, Ding H, Hu Y, Yang Y, Huang S, Xu J, Liu T, Yang H, Xin Z. Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activities of polyacetylene glycosides from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 136:65-69. [PMID: 28104231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetylene glycosides, (6Z, 12E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1-ol-3(R)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (trivially named coreoside E) and (6Z, 12E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1-ol-3(R)-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (trivially named coreoside F), were isolated from buds of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., together with one known compound, coreoside B. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and on the basis of their chemical reactivities. Coreoside E exhibited high levels of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 27 ± 0.27 and 18 ± 0.40 μM, respectively, whereas coreoside F and coreoside B showed weak antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Liu QL, Chen AH, Tang JY, Ma YL, Jiang ZH, Liu YP, Chen GY, Fu YH, Xu W. A new indole alkaloid with anti-inflammatory activity from Nauclea officinalis. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2107-2112. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1277351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - A-Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ying Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Lei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ying Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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Fu YH, Xu W, Chen AH, Liu YP, Wang ZX, Ma YL, Jiang ZH, Lai L, Guo RR, Long JT, Lin SX. Structurally Diverse Indole Alkaloids from Ochrosia elliptica. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-16-13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Negri R. Polyacetylenes from terrestrial plants and fungi: Recent phytochemical and biological advances. Fitoterapia 2015; 106:92-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lv JL, Zhang LB. Flavonoids and polyacetylenes from the aerial parts of Bidens tripartita. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tao JY, Dai SJ, Zhao F, Liu JF, Fang WS, Liu K. New ursane-type triterpene with NO production suppressing activity from Nauclea officinalis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:97-104. [PMID: 22296148 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.628839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new ursane-type triterpenes, named as 3β, 19α, 23, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 2β, 3β, 19α, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), together with two known triterpenoids, 3-oxo-urs-12-ene-27, 28-dioic acid (3) and quinovic acid-3-β-rhamnopyranoside (4), were isolated from the stems (with barks) of Nauclea officinalis. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by the combined use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic data analysis. The inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were examined, and compound 1 was found to inhibit NO production, with the IC(50) value of 4.8 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Tao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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He J, Shen Y, Jiang JS, Yang YN, Feng ZM, Zhang PC, Yuan SP, Hou Q. New polyacetylene glucosides from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius and their weak anti-inflammatory activities. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1903-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mali RG, Dhake AS. A review on herbal antiasthmatics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 11:77-90. [PMID: 22207824 PMCID: PMC3245822 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-011-0019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In traditional systems of medicine, many plants have been documented to be useful for the treatment of various respiratory disorders including asthma. In the last two decades the use of medicinal plants and natural products has been increased dramatically all over the world. Current synthetic drugs used in pharmacotherapy of asthma are unable to act at all the stages and targets of asthma. However some herbal alternatives employed in asthma are proven to provide symptomatic relief and assist in the inhibition of disease progression also. The herbs have shown interesting results in various target specific biological activities such as bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, anti-anaphylactic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory and inhibition of mediators such as leukotrienes, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, platelet activating, phosphodiesterase and cytokine, in the treatment of asthma. This paper is an attempt to classify these pharmacological and clinical findings based on their possible mechanism of action reported. It also signifies the need for development of polyherbal formulations containing various herbs acting at particular sites of the pathophysiological cascade of asthma for prophylaxis as well as for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra G. Mali
- L. B. Rao Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shri B. D. Rao College Campus, Khambhat, 388 620 India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, L. B. Rao Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Khambhat, 388 620 Gujarat India
| | - Avinash S. Dhake
- S.M.B.T. College of Pharmacy, Dhamangaon, Tal: Igatpuri, Nashik, 422 403 India
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Kurimoto SI, Okasaka M, Kashiwada Y, Kodzhimatov OK, Takaishi Y. A C14-polyacetylenic glucoside with an alpha-pyrone moiety and four C10-polyacetylenic glucosides from Mediasia macrophylla. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:688-692. [PMID: 20074759 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetylenic glucosides (1-5) were isolated from the MeOH extract of Mediasia macrophylla, and their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 2-4 were the first examples of C(10)-polyacetylenic glucosides found in the family Umbelliferae, while compound 1 was a unique polyacetylenic glucoside possessing an alpha-pyrone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kurimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Shomachi 1-78, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Lazarević J, Radulović N, Palić R, Zlatković B. Chemical Analysis of Volatile Constituents ofBerula erecta(Hudson) Coville subsp.erecta(Apiaceae) From Serbia. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2010.9700290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rodrigues ED, da Silva DB, de Oliveira DCR, da Silva GVJ. DOSY NMR applied to analysis of flavonoid glycosides from Bidens sulphurea. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:1095-1100. [PMID: 19768723 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
2D DOSY 1H NMR has proved to be a useful technique in the identification of the molecular skeleton of the four major compounds of ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Bidens sulphurea (Asteraceae). The combination of this technique with HPLC, mass spectrometry and other NMR techniques enabled the identification of four flavonoid glycosides: quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-rhamnopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilene Delphino Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Abstract
Polyyne glycosides are a class of natural products that have been found in terrestrial plants, fungi, and marine algae. Many display interesting and potentially useful biological activities, which in some cases has initiated synthetic efforts toward their formation. This review provides a comprehensive report of polyyne glycosides isolated from natural sources, as well as the synthesis of these molecules and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Li YL, Li J, Wang NL, Yao XS. Flavonoids and a new polyacetylene from Bidens parviflora Willd. Molecules 2008; 13:1931-41. [PMID: 18794794 PMCID: PMC6244959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen flavonoids, 1-7 and 9-16, and a polyacetylene, 8, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the dried whole plant of Bidens parviflora Willd. by various chromatographic techniques. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical studies. Compound 8 is new and was identified as 3-(R),8(E)-decene-4,6-diyne-1,3,10-triol. All the flavonoid compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China; E-mail: (Yu-Lan Li)
- Institute for Drug Control, 1024, Beihuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518029, P.R. China; E-mail: (Jun Li)
| | - Jun Li
- Institute for Drug Control, 1024, Beihuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518029, P.R. China; E-mail: (Jun Li)
| | - Nai-Li Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China; E-mail: (Yu-Lan Li)
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China; E-mail: (Yu-Lan Li)
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Morandi S, Pellati F, Ori C, Adinolfi B, Nieri P, Benvenuti S, Prati F. Isolation, structure elucidation and total synthesis of a cytotoxic dienone from Echinacea pallida. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4333-9. [PMID: 19005592 DOI: 10.1039/b812700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Morandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100, Modena, Italy
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Pellati F, Calò S, Benvenuti S. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of polyacetylenes and polyenes in Echinacea pallida by using a monolithic reversed-phase silica column. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chiang YM, Chang CLT, Chang SL, Yang WC, Shyur LF. Cytopiloyne, a novel polyacetylenic glucoside from Bidens pilosa, functions as a T helper cell modulator. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 110:532-8. [PMID: 17101254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An extract of Bidens pilosa, an anti-diabetic Asteraceae plant, has recently been reported to modulate T cell differentiation and prevent the development of non-obese diabetes (NOD) in NOD mice. In this paper, a novel bioactive polyacetylenic glucoside, cytopiloyne (1), was identified from the Bidens pilosa extract using ex vivo T cell differentiation assays based on a bioactivity-guided fractionation and isolation procedure. Its structure was elucidated as 2beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1-hydroxytrideca-5,7,9,11-tetrayne by various spectroscopic methods. Functional studies showed that cytopiloyne was able to inhibit the differentiation of naïve T helper (Th0) cells into type I T helper (Th1) cells but to promote the differentiation of Th0 cells into type II T helper (Th2) cell. Accordingly, cytopiloyne also suppressed IFN-gamma expression and promoted IL-4 expression in mouse splenocytes ex vivo. These results suggest that cytopiloyne functions as a T cell modulator that may directly contribute to the ethnopharmacological effect of Bidens pilosa extract on preventing diabetes. Moreover, cytopiloyne can serve as an index compound for quality control of lot-to-lot extract preparations of Bidens pilosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chiang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Wang NL, Wang J, Yao XS, Kitanaka S. Two new monoterpene glycosides and a new (+)-jasmololone glucoside from Bidens parviflora Willd. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2007; 9:449-55. [PMID: 17701564 DOI: 10.1080/10286020500532033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new monoterpene glycosides named bidensmenthosides A, B and a new (+)-jasmololone glucoside, were isolated from the air-dried whole plant of Bidens parviflora Willd. Their structures were determined as (1S, 3S, 4R)-3-hydroxy-p-menth-6-one 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), (3R, 4R)-3-hydroxy-p-menth-1 (2)-en-6-one 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and (4R)-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2 Z-pentenyl)-cyclopent-2-enone 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) based on spectroscopic analysis and physiochemical properties, respectively. The bidensmenthosides A, B and aglycone of 3 were found to reduce 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Li Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Shenyang 110015, China.
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29
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Rai S, Basak S, Mukherjee K, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Oriental medicine mangifera indica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3742/opem.2007.7.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang NL, Wang J, Yao XS, Kitanaka S. Two neolignan glucosides and antihistamine release activities from Bidens parviflora WILLD. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1190-2. [PMID: 16880667 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new neolignan glucosides, bidenlignasides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the whole plant of Bidens parviflora WILLD. The structures of the two new compounds 1 and 2 established to be 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[5E-(3-hydroxypropenyl)-3-methoxy-2-O-beta-D-glucosyl)phenyl] propan-1-one and 3-{3-[1,3-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl}-allyl-O-beta-D-glucuside, respectively, on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to inhibit histamine release from peritoneal exudate mast cells induced by antigen-antibody reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Li Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Shanyang 110015, China.
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Pellati F, Calò S, Benvenuti S, Adinolfi B, Nieri P, Melegari M. Isolation and structure elucidation of cytotoxic polyacetylenes and polyenes from Echinacea pallida. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1359-64. [PMID: 16806329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of n-hexane extracts of Echinacea pallida (Asteraceae) roots led to the isolation and structure elucidation of two polyacetylenes (1, 3) and three polyenes (2, 4, 5). Two are known hydroxylated compounds, namely 8-hydroxy-pentadeca-(9E)-ene-11,13-diyn-2-one (1) and 8-hydroxy-pentadeca-(9E,13Z)-dien-11-yn-2-one (2). Two dicarbonylic constituents, namely pentadeca-(9E)-ene-11,13-diyne-2,8-dione (3) and pentadeca-(9E,13Z)-dien-11-yne-2,8-dione (4), were isolated and characterized for the first time. Furthermore, the structure elucidation of pentadeca-(8Z,13Z)-dien-11-yn-2-one (5) is described. The structure of the compounds isolated was determined on the basis of UV, IR, NMR (including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, such as 1H-1H gCOSY, gHSQC-DEPT, gHMBC, gNOESY) and MS spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated constituents against MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated in the concentration range 1-100 microg/ml. Results show that the hydroxylated compounds (1, 2) have low cytotoxicity, while the more hydrophobic polyacetylenes (3) and polyenes (4, 5) displayed moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pellati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Abstract
Over the past fifty years, hundreds of polyyne compounds have been isolated from nature. These often unstable molecules are found in sources as common as garden vegetables and as obscure as bacterial cultures. Naturally occurring polyynes feature a wide range of structural diversity and display an equally broad array of biological properties. Early synthetic efforts relied primarily on Cu-catalyzed, oxidative acetylenic homo- and heterocoupling reactions to assemble the polyyne framework. The past 25 years, however, have witnessed a renaissance in the field of polyyne natural product synthesis: transition-metal-catalyzed alkynylation reactions and asymmetric transformations have combined to substantially expand access to natural polyynes. This Review recounts these synthetic achievements and also highlights both the natural source(s) and biological relevance for many of these compounds.
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Zhou YZ, Ma HY, Chen H, Qiao L, Yao Y, Cao JQ, Pei YH. New Acetylenic Glucosides from Carthamus tinctorius. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1455-6. [PMID: 17015990 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new acetylenic glucosides, 4',6'-acetonide-8Z-decaene-4,6-diyne-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside named carthamoside A(1) (1) and 4,6-decadiyne-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside named carthamoside A(2) (2), along with one known acetylenic glucoside, 8Z-decaene-4,6-diyne-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), have been isolated from the air-dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius, these structures have been identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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35
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Gung BW, Fox RM, Falconer R, Shissler D. Total synthesis of two naturally occurring polyacetylenic glucosides (−)-bidensyneoside A1 and B, and an analogue of (−)-bidensyneoside C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Inhibitory activity of Chinese herbal medicines toward histamine release from mast cells and nitric oxide production by macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7. J Nat Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-005-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Alkyl and fatty acid glycosides have become of great commercial interest in general and specifically for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Natural surfactants are good sources for future chemical preparation of these glycosides. This review article shows an astonishing diversity of natural surfactants that could be used in laboratories and industry. More than 250 natural surfactants, including their chemical structures and biological activities, are described in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Gung BW, Fox RM. Total synthesis of bidensyneosides A2 and C: remarkable protecting group effects in glycosylation. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
An investigation on Bidens parviflora led to the isolation of three sucrose esters and a substituted truxillate. Their structures were elucidated as (6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2-->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, (6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2-->1)-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside II, 6,6'-sucrose ester of (1alpha,2alpha,3beta,4beta)-3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester of (1alpha,2alpha,3alpha,4alpha)-2,4-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. These compounds were subjected to the following bioassays: the histamine release inhibition of rat mast cells induced by antigen-antibody reaction and the inhibitory activity of PGE(2) production by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naili Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103, Wenhua Road Shenhe District Shenyang, Shenyang 110015, China.
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Daikonya A, Katsuki S, Wu JB, Kitanaka S. Anti-allergic agents from natural sources (4): anti-allergic activity of new phloroglucinol derivatives from Mallotus philippensis (Euphorbiaceae). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1566-9. [PMID: 12499591 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new phloroglucinol derivatives, mallotophilippen A (1). and B (2). were isolated from the fruits of Mallotus philippensis. These compounds were identified, using chemical and spectral data, as 1-[5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-isobutyryl-5-methyl-benzyl)-2H-chromen-8-yl]-2-methyl-butan-1-one and 1-[6-(3-Acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methyl-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl]-2-methyl-butan-1-one, respectively. They inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene expression by a murine macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7), which was activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Furthermore, they inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by Compound 48/80. These results suggest that the novel phloroglucinol derivatives have anti-inflammatory effects.
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