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Santalova EA, Kuzmich AS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Pislyagin EA, Dmitrenok PS. Phytoceramides from the Marine Sponge Monanchora clathrata: Structural Analysis and Cytoprotective Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:677. [PMID: 37189423 PMCID: PMC10136155 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In our research on sphingolipids from marine invertebrates, a mixture of phytoceramides was isolated from the sponge Monanchora clathrata (Western Australia). Total ceramide, ceramide molecular species (obtained by RP-HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography on reversed-phase column) and their sphingoid/fatty acid components were analyzed by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Sixteen new (1b, 3a, 3c, 3d, 3f, 3g, 5c, 5d, 5f, 5g, 6b-g) and twelve known (2b, 2e, 2f, 3b, 3e, 4a-c, 4e, 4f, 5b, 5e) compounds were shown to contain phytosphingosine-type backbones i-t17:0 (1), n-t17:0 (2), i-t18:0 (3), n-t18:0 (4), i-t19:0 (5), or ai-t19:0 (6), N-acylated with saturated (2R)-2-hydroxy C21 (a), C22 (b), C23 (c), i-C23 (d), C24 (e), C25 (f), or C26 (g) acids. The used combination of the instrumental and chemical methods permitted the more detailed investigation of the sponge ceramides than previously reported. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of crambescidin 359 (alkaloid from M. clathrata) and cisplatin decreased after pre-incubation of MDA-MB-231 and HL-60 cells with the investigated phytoceramides. In an in vitro paraquat model of Parkinson's disease, the phytoceramides decreased the neurodegenerative effect and ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation induced by paraquat in neuroblastoma cells. In general, the preliminary treatment (for 24 or 48 h) of the cells with the phytoceramides of M. clathrata was necessary for their cytoprotective functions, otherwise the additive damaging effect of these sphingolipids and cytotoxic compounds (crambescidin 359, cisplatin or paraquat) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Santalova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.P.)
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Sonfack Fozeng HD, Nanfack Donfack AR, Tchuente Tchuenmogne MA, Tchegnitegni BT, Tsepeupon Matchide MG, Matheuda EG, Dzatie Djoumbissie RA, Mba Nguekeu YM, Ngouela SA, Shaiq Ali M, Awouafack MD, Tene M. A new ceramide and other constituents from the fruits of Ficus lutea Vahl (Moraceae) and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chemical Composition of the Red Sea Green Algae Ulva lactuca: Isolation and In Silico Studies of New Anti-COVID-19 Ceramides. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120816. [PMID: 34940574 PMCID: PMC8707969 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the ongoing pandemic which has claimed the lives of millions of people. This has prompted the scientific research community to act to find treatments against the SARS-CoV-2 virus that include safe antiviral medicinal compounds. The edible green algae U. lactuca. is known to exhibit diverse biological activities such as anti-influenza virus, anti-Japanese encephalitis virus, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Herein, four new ceramides in addition to two known ones were isolated from Ulva lactuca. The isolated ceramides, including Cer-1, Cer-2, Cer-3, Cer-4, Cer-5 and Cer-6 showed promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when investigated using in silico approaches by preventing its attachment to human cells and/or inhibiting its viral replication. Cer-4 and Cer-5 were the most effective in inhibiting the human angiotensin converting enzyme (hACE)-spike protein complex which is essential for the virus to enter the human host. In addition to this, Cer-4 also showed an inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 protease (Mpro) that is responsible for its viral replication and transcription. In this study, we also used liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectroscopy (LC-ESI-HRMS) to identify several metabolites of U. lactuca, including metabolites such as fatty acids, their glyceride derivatives, terpenoids, sterols and oxysterols from the organic extract. Some of these metabolites also possessed promising antiviral activity, as previously reported.
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Malyarenko TV, Kicha AA, Stonik VA, Ivanchina NV. Sphingolipids of Asteroidea and Holothuroidea: Structures and Biological Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:330. [PMID: 34200995 PMCID: PMC8228791 DOI: 10.3390/md19060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are complex lipids widespread in nature as structural components of biomembranes. Commonly, the sphingolipids of marine organisms differ from those of terrestrial animals and plants. The gangliosides are the most complex sphingolipids characteristic of vertebrates that have been found in only the Echinodermata (echinoderms) phylum of invertebrates. Sphingolipids of the representatives of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes are the most studied among all echinoderms. In this review, we have summarized the data on sphingolipids of these two classes of marine invertebrates over the past two decades. Recently established structures, properties, and peculiarities of biogenesis of ceramides, cerebrosides, and gangliosides from starfishes and holothurians are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide the most complete information on the chemical structures, structural features, and biological activities of sphingolipids of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey V. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alla A. Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
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Chaudhry GES, Islamiah M, Zafar MN, Bakar K, Aziz NA, Saidin J, Sung YY, Tengku Muhammad TS. Induction of Apoptosis by Acanthaster planci sp., and Diadema setosum sp., Fractions in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line, HeLa. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1365-1373. [PMID: 34048163 PMCID: PMC8408404 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an uncontrolled multiplication of cells. The desire efficacy and severe toxicity of current anticancer drugs urge exploring and investigating a better alternative to existing chemotherapeutics. Natural products of marine origin are excellent sources of potential new drugs of enhanced biological activities. OBJECTIVES Thus, the cytotoxic effects along with investigating the mode of cell death exerted by fractions, AP-9, AP-THR, DS-8 and DS-9 fraction of Acanthaster planci, Diadema setosum sp., on the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. METHODS The cytotoxicity of fractions has determined by using an MTS assay. The early and late apoptosis was studied by using the High content Screening (HCS) instrument. RESULTS The four fractions produced effective cytotoxicity effects with IC50 values at 72hr of less than 20 μg/ml in the order of AP-9 > DS-9 > APTHR-9 > DS-8. The fraction s exhibited cytotoxicity via mediating apoptotic mode of cell death. The early apoptosis by exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and late apoptosis due to the presence of green stain (DNA fragmentation) in treated cells. CONCLUSION The potent bioactive compounds might be responsible for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and, thus, the potential to be a successful candidate for exploring upcoming chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul-e-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Murni Islamiah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | | | - Kamariah Bakar
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Asniza Aziz
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Jasnizat Saidin
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hsieh CH, Hwang DF. Antioxidative and anticancer activities of various ethanolic extract fractions from crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:761-773. [PMID: 25305737 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies currently researching marine invertebrates to determine the therapeutic potential of their bioactive materials have been showing very promising results. The crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, an Echinodermata of the class Asteroidea, is infamous as the unique venomous starfish and as a destroyer of coral reefs. Starfish possesses many useful pharmacological and biological characteristics. In this study, A. planci was extracted with 70% ethanol and lyophilized to obtain an ethanol fraction. The ethanol fraction was dissolved with water and defatted with petroleum ether to obtain a non-polar fraction. The residual solution was successively partitioned with ethylacetate and butanol to obtain an ethylacetate fraction and butanol fraction, respectively. Four fractions were used to examine the antioxidant and anticancer properties. The ethanol fraction of A. planci contained the highest antioxidant effects such as ABTS, DPPH, Fe(2+) chelating activity and reducing power when compared with four fractions. Among the four fractions, the butanol fraction was especially shown to inhibit human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cells' proliferation, which is involved in the apoptotic progression. This fraction could induce apoptosis and even necrosis in A375.S2 cells as evidenced by double staining with an Annexin V-FITC and PI assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. These results indicated that the starfish A. planci is a good resource for obtaining the biologically active substances for antioxidant and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hernyi Justin Hsieh
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fishery Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Fwu Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC.
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Pakistamide C, a new sphingolipid from Abutilon pakistanicum. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tian XR, Tang HF, Feng JT, Li YS, Lin HW, Fan XP, Zhang X. Neritinaceramides A-E, new ceramides from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina inhabiting South China Sea and their cytotoxicity. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1987-2003. [PMID: 24699114 PMCID: PMC4012440 DOI: 10.3390/md12041987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new ceramides, neritinaceramides A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4) and E (5), together with six known ceramides (6–11), two known alkyl glycerylethers (12 and 13) and a known nucleoside (14), were isolated from marine bryozoan Bugula neritina, which inhabits the South China Sea. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as (2S,3R,3′S,4E,8E,10E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-4,8,10-octadecatriene-l,3,3′-triol (1), (2S,3R,2′R,4E,8E,10E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-4,8,10-octadecatriene-l,3,2′-triol (2), (2S,3R,2′R,4E,8E,10E)-2-(octadecanoylamino)-4,8,10-octadecatriene-l,3,2′-triol (3), (2S,3R,3′S,4E,8E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-4,8-octadecadiene-l,3,3′-triol (4) and (2S,3R,3′S,4E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-4-octadecene-l,3,3′-triol (5) on the basis of extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences. The characteristic C-3′S hydroxyl group in the fatty acid moiety in compounds 1, 4 and 5, was a novel structural feature of ceramides. The rare 4E,8E,10E-triene structure in the sphingoid base of compounds 1–3, was found from marine bryozoans for the first time. The new ceramides 1–5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2, NCI-H460 and SGC7901 tumor cell lines, and all of them exhibited selective cytotoxicity against HepG2 and SGC7901 cells with a range of IC50 values from 47.3 μM to 58.1 μM. These chemical and cytotoxic studies on the new neritinaceramides A–E (1–5) added to the chemical diversity of B. neritina and expanded our knowledge of the chemical modifications and biological activity of ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Tian
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jun-Tao Feng
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yu-Shan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Xiao-Pei Fan
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Cerebrosides from Marine Organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ahmed S, Ibrahim A, Arafa AS. Anti-H5N1 virus metabolites from the Red Sea soft coral, Sinularia candidula. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Dong G, Xu T, Yang B, Lin X, Zhou X, Yang X, Liu Y. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of starfish. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:740-91. [PMID: 21560228 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Starfish have been the research topic in many chemical and pharmacological laboratories due to their complex secondary metabolites and diverse bioactivities. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date review on the chemistry and bioactivity of compounds isolated from all kinds of starfish to illustrate the chemodiversity and biological significance of these constituents, along with their geographical distribution where it is discernible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Suh SJ, Ko HK, Song KH, Kim JR, Kwon KM, Chang YC, Lee YC, Kim DS, Park SJ, Yang JH, Son JK, Na MK, Chang HW, Kim CH. Ethylacetate fraction from Korean seaside starfish, Asterias amurensis, has an inhibitory effect on MMP-9 activity and expression and on migration behavior of TNF-α induced human aortic smooth muscle cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:767-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marks DL, Bittman R, Pagano RE. Use of Bodipy-labeled sphingolipid and cholesterol analogs to examine membrane microdomains in cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:819-32. [PMID: 18820942 PMCID: PMC3922293 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Much evidence has accumulated to show that cellular membranes such as the plasma membrane, contain multiple "microdomains" of differing lipid and protein composition and function. These domains are sometimes enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids and are believed to be important structures for the regulation of many biological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the use of fluorescent (Bodipy) labeled analogs of sphingolipids and cholesterol to study such domains. We discuss the similarities between the behavior of Bodipy-cholesterol and natural cholesterol in artificial bilayers and in cultured cells, and the use of Bodipy-sphingolipid analogs to visualize membrane domains in living cells based on the concentration-dependent monomer-excimer fluorescence properties of the Bodipy-fluorophore. The use of Bodipy-D-erythro-lactosylceramide is highlighted for detection of domains on the plasma membrane and endosome membranes, and the importance of the sphingolipid stereochemistry in modulating domain formation is discussed. Finally, we suggest that Bodipy-sphingolipids may be useful in future studies to examine the relationship between membrane domains at the cell surface and domains enriched in other lipids and proteins on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Marks
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Stabile 8, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905-0001, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Stabile 8, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905-0001, USA
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Richard E. Pagano
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Stabile 8, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905-0001, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Stabile 8, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905-0001, USA
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Inagaki M. [Structure and biological activity of glycosphingolipids from starfish and feather stars]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1187-94. [PMID: 18670184 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are contained in a various cell membranes and have recently been implicated in many physiologic functions. They are classified based on their sugar moieties into ceramides, cerebrosides, sulfatides, ceramide-oligohexosides, globosides, and gangliosides. A number of GSLs have been obtained from marine invertebrates such as echinoderms, poriferans, and mollusks and have unique biological activities. During the course of our search for biologically active GSLs from echinoderms, we conducted the isolation and structural elucidation of GSLs from starfish and feather stars and found numerous GSLs, some of which have unique structures. In particular, gangliosides from feather stars were unique in that the sialic acids bind to inositol-phosphoceramide. We also found that the GSLs from starfish and feather stars possess neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12, antihyperglycemic effects against type 2 diabetic BKS. Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice, and antiosteoporosis effects toward the osteoporosis model mice (OVX mice). These biological activities are thought to be related to dementia, osteoporosis, and diabetes, which are becoming social problems, and are expected to become the seeds of preventive or therapeutic drugs for these illness.
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:35-94. [PMID: 18250897 DOI: 10.1039/b701534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2006 for marine natural products, with 758 citations (534 for the period January to December 2006) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidaria, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (779 for 2006), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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