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Haasbroek-Pheiffer A, Viljoen A, Steenekamp J, Chen W, Hamman J. Permeation of Phytochemicals of Selected Psychoactive Medicinal Plants across Excised Sheep Respiratory and Olfactory Epithelial Tissues. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051423. [PMID: 37242666 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The intranasal route of drug administration offers an opportunity to bypass the blood-brain barrier and deliver compounds directly into the brain. Scientific evidence exists for medicinal plants (e.g., Centella asiatica and Mesembryanthemum tortuosum) to treat central nervous system conditions such as anxiety and depression. The ex vivo permeation of selected phytochemicals (i.e., asiaticoside and mesembrine) has been measured across excised sheep nasal respiratory and olfactory tissue. Permeation studies were conducted on individual phytochemicals and C. asiatica and M. tortuosum crude extracts. Asiaticoside exhibited statistically significantly higher permeation across both tissues when applied alone as compared to the C. asiatica crude extract, while mesembrine permeation was similar when applied alone or as M. tortuosum crude extract. Permeation of all the phytocompounds was similar or slightly higher than that of the drug atenolol across the respiratory tissue. Permeation of all the phytocompounds was similar to or slightly lower than that of atenolol across the olfactory tissue. In general, the permeation was higher across the olfactory epithelial tissue than across the respiratory epithelial tissue and therefore showed potential for direct nose-to-brain delivery of the selected psychoactive phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Haasbroek-Pheiffer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jan Steenekamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Josias Hamman
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Haasbroek-Pheiffer A, Van Niekerk S, Van der Kooy F, Cloete T, Steenekamp J, Hamman J. In vitro and ex vivo experimental models for evaluation of intranasal systemic drug delivery as well as direct nose-to-brain drug delivery. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:94-112. [PMID: 36736328 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route of administration provides a noninvasive method to deliver drugs into the systemic circulation and/or directly into the brain. Direct nose-to-brain drug delivery offers the possibility to treat central nervous system diseases more effectively, as it can evade the blood-brain barrier. In vitro and ex vivo intranasal models provide a means to investigate physiological and pharmaceutical factors that could play a role in drug delivery across the nasal epithelium as well as to determine the mechanisms involved in drug absorption from the nose. The development and implementation of cost-effective pharmacokinetic models for intranasal drug delivery with good in vitro-in vivo correlation can accelerate pharmaceutical drug product development and improve economic and ecological aspects by reducing the time and costs spent on animal studies. Special considerations should be made with regard to the purpose of the in vitro/ex vivo study, namely, whether it is intended to predict systemic or brain delivery, source and site of tissue or cell sampling, viability window of selected model, and the experimental setup of diffusion chambers. The type of model implemented should suit the relevant needs and requirements of the project, researcher, and interlaboratory. This review aims to provide an overview of in vitro and ex vivo models that have been developed to study intranasal and direct nose-to-brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Haasbroek-Pheiffer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suzanne Van Niekerk
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frank Van der Kooy
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Theunis Cloete
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jan Steenekamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Sayed S, Elsharkawy FM, Amin MM, Shamsel-Din HA, Ibrahim AB. Brain targeting efficiency of intranasal clozapine-loaded mixed micelles following radio labeling with Technetium-99m. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1524-1538. [PMID: 34266360 PMCID: PMC8288143 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1951895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The research objective is to design intranasal (IN) brain targeted CLZ-loaded polymeric nanomicellar systems (PNMS) aiming to improve central systemic CLZ bioavailability. Direct equilibrium method was used to prepare CLZ-PNMS using two hydrophobic poloxamines; Tetronic® 904 (T904) and Tetronic® 701 (T701) and one hydrophilic poloxamer; Synperonic® PE/F127 (F127). Optimization is based on higher percent transmittance, solubilizing efficiency, and in vitro release after 24 h with smaller particle size was achieved using Design-Expert® software. The optimized formula was further evaluated via TEM, ex vivo nasal permeation in addition to in vivo biodistribution using radiolabeling technique of the optimized formula by Technetium-99m (99mTc). The optimized formula M5 has small size (217 nm) with relative high percentage of transmittance (97.72%) and high solubilization efficacy of 60.15-fold following 92.79% of CLZ released after 24 h. Ex vivo nasal permeation showed higher flux of 36.62 μg/cm2.h compared to 7.324 μg/cm2.h for CLZ suspension with no histological irritation. In vivo biodistribution results showed higher values of radioactivity percentage of the labeled optimized formula (99mTc-M5) in brain and brain/blood ratio following IN administration of 99mTc-M5 complex which were greater than their corresponding values following intravenous route. It is obvious that nasal delivery of CLZ-PNMS could be a promising way to improve central systemic CLZ bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Elsharkawy
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Al Andalous for Pharmaceutical Industries, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B. Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Ma J, Wang C, Sun Y, Pang L, Zhu S, Liu Y, Zhu L, Zhang S, Wang L, Du L. Comparative study of oral and intranasal puerarin for prevention of brain injury induced by acute high-altitude hypoxia. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:120002. [PMID: 33141084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human activities in the areas of high altitude have increased significantly recently. Brain is highly sensitive to changing of oxygen pressure due to high altitude, and this physiological response may lead to serious brain injury, such as learning and memory disabilities. Puerarin is a phytoestrogen with many pharmacological activities, such as treatment of neurological disorders. However, most of current drugs can not easily enter brain through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The nose-to-brain route can bypass BBB for brain-targeting. Here, thermosensitive in situ hydrogels (TISGs) of puerarin were prepared with poloxamers 407, poloxamers 188 and propylene glycol to improve bioavailability and brain targeting. In vitro drug release in simulated nasal fluids, rheological properties and cilia toxicity of puerarin TISGs were explored. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of puerarin by intranasal (i.n.) and oral (p.o.) administrations were also evaluated. The viscosity of puerarin TISGs tended to increase obviously with increased temperature. The puerarin release profile and transmucosal process of puerarin TISGs could be described with the first-order kinetics equation, depending on drug diffusion. The cilia toxicity of puerarin TISGs was not obvious. Rat models of hypobarism/hypoxia-induced brain injury were established with a hypobaric simulation chamber. Morris water maze and open filed tests indicated that puerarin TISGs improved the spatial memory and spontaneous exploratory behavior of the rats suffering from hypoxia-induced brain injury. Furthermore, puerarin TISGs decreased the level of oxidative stress cytokines (malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH)) in the peripheral circulation, alleviated the cerebral histological lesions, and relieved the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Intranasal puerarin TISGs were absorbed quickly with a shorter Tmax (10.0 ± 5.7 min) compared to that of oral puerarin (36 ± 13.4 min). In addition, the relative bioavailability of i.n. puerarin TISGs was high to 300% compared to oral administration of puerarin. The area under the curve (AUC) of brain after i.n. administration of puerarin TISGs was 954.5 ± 335.1 h.ng/mL, while no puerarin was detected in the brain after oral administration. Therefore, i.n. puerarin TISGs led to excellent brain targeting effect. Puerarin TISGs are an effective neuroprotector formulation for prevention of brain injury induced by acute high-altitude hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chenyun Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lulu Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shouguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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Nageeb El-Helaly S, Abd Elbary A, Kassem MA, El-Nabarawi MA. Electrosteric stealth Rivastigmine loaded liposomes for brain targeting: preparation, characterization, ex vivo, bio-distribution and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:692-700. [PMID: 28415883 PMCID: PMC8240971 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1309476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Being one of the highly effective drugs in treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Rivastigmine brain targeting is highly demandable, therefore liposomal dispersion of Rivastigmine was prepared containing 2 mol% PEG-DSPE added to Lecithin, Didecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), Tween 80 in 1:0.02:0.25 molar ratio. A major challenge during the preparation of liposomes is maintaining a stable formulation, therefore the aim of our study was to increase liposomal stability by addition of DDAB to give an electrostatic stability and PEG-DSPE to increase stability by steric hindrance, yielding what we called an electrosteric stealth (ESS) liposomes. A medium nano-sized liposome (478 ± 4.94 nm) with a nearly neutral zeta potential (ZP, -8 ± 0.2 mV) and an entrapment efficiency percentage of 48 ± 6.22 was prepared. Stability studies showed no major alteration after three months storage period concerning particle size, polydispersity index, ZP, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release study confirming the successful formation of a stable liposomes. No histopathological alteration was recorded for ESS liposomes of the sheep nasal mucosa. While ESS liposomes showed higher % of drug permeating through the sheep nasal mucosa (48.6%) than the drug solution (28.7%). On completing the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of 36 rabbits showed 424.2% relative bioavailability of the mean plasma levels of the formula ESS compared to that of RHT intranasal solution and 486% relative bioavailability of the mean brain levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nageeb El-Helaly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Elbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Kassem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nour SA, Abdelmalak NS, Naguib MJ, Rashed HM, Ibrahim AB. Intranasal brain-targeted clonazepam polymeric micelles for immediate control of status epilepticus: in vitro optimization, ex vivo determination of cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution and pharmacodynamics studies. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3681-3695. [PMID: 27648847 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonazepam (CZ) is an anti-epileptic drug used mainly in status epilepticus (SE). The drug belongs to Class II according to BCS classification with very limited solubility and high permeability and it suffers from extensive first-pass metabolism. The aim of the present study was to develop CZ-loaded polymeric micelles (PM) for direct brain delivery allowing immediate control of SE. PM were prepared via thin film hydration (TFH) technique adopting a central composite face-centered design (CCFD). The seventeen developed formulae were evaluated in terms of entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro release. For evaluating the in vivo behavior of the optimized formula, both biodistrbution using 99mTc-radiolabeled CZ and pharmacodynamics studies were done in addition to ex vivo cytotoxicty. At a drug:Pluronic® P123:Pluronic® L121 ratio of 1:20:20 (PM7), a high EE, ZP, Q8h, and a low PDI was achieved. The biodistribution studies revealed that the optimized formula had significantly higher drug targeting efficiency (DTE = 242.3%), drug targeting index (DTI = 144.25), and nose-to-brain direct transport percentage (DTP = 99.30%) and a significant prolongation of protection from seizures in comparison to the intranasally administered solution with minor histopathological changes. The declared results reveal the ability of the developed PM to be a strong potential candidate for the emergency treatment of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Nour
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Nevine S Abdelmalak
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Marianne J Naguib
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Hassan M Rashed
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
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Shingaki T, Katayama Y, Nakaoka T, Irie S, Onoe K, Okauchi T, Hayashinaka E, Yamaguchi M, Tanki N, Ose T, Hayashi T, Wada Y, Furubayashi T, Cui Y, Sakane T, Watanabe Y. Visualization of drug translocation in the nasal cavity and pharmacokinetic analysis on nasal drug absorption using positron emission tomography in the rat. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 99:45-53. [PMID: 26639201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We performed positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nasal drug absorption in the rat. The dosing solution of [(18)F]FDG was varied in volume (ranging from 5 to 25 μl) and viscosity (using 0% to 3% concentrations of hydroxypropylcellulose). We modeled the pharmacokinetic parameters regarding the nasal cavity and pharynx using mass balance equations, and evaluated the values that were obtained by fitting concentration-time profiles using WinNonlin® software. The regional nasal permeability was also estimated using the active surface area derived from the PET images. The translocation of [(18)F]FDG from the nasal cavity was visualized using PET. Analysis of the PET imaging data revealed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were independent of the dosing solution volume; however, the viscosity increased the absorption rate constant and decreased the mucociliary clearance rate constant. Nasal permeability was initially higher but subsequently decreased until the end of the study, indicating regional differences in permeability in the nasal cavity. We concluded that the visualization of drug translocation in the nasal cavity in the rat using PET enables quantitative analysis of nasal drug absorption, thereby facilitating the development of nasal formulations for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Shingaki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Katayama
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakaoka
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satsuki Irie
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kayo Onoe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Okauchi
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Emi Hayashinaka
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masataka Yamaguchi
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Tanki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ose
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Yilong Cui
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Formulation and optimization of polymeric nanoparticles for intranasal delivery of lorazepam using Box-Behnken design: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:156010. [PMID: 25126544 PMCID: PMC4122152 DOI: 10.1155/2014/156010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize lorazepam loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Lzp-PLGA-NPs) by investigating the effect of process variables on the response using Box-Behnken design. Effect of four independent factors, that is, polymer, surfactant, drug, and aqueous/organic ratio, was studied on two dependent responses, that is, z-average and % drug entrapment. Lzp-PLGA-NPs were successfully developed by nanoprecipitation method using PLGA as polymer, poloxamer as surfactant and acetone as organic phase. NPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, % drug entrapment, drug release behavior, TEM, and cell viability. Lzp-PLGA-NPs were characterized for drug polymer interaction using FTIR. The developed NPs showed nearly spherical shape with z-average 167–318 d·nm, PDI below 0.441, and −18.4 mV zeta potential with maximum % drug entrapment of 90.1%. In vitro drug release behavior followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model and showed initial burst release of 21.7 ± 1.3% with prolonged drug release of 69.5 ± 0.8% from optimized NPs up to 24 h. In vitro drug release data was found in agreement with ex vivo permeation data through sheep nasal mucosa. In vitro cell viability study on Vero cell line confirmed the safety of optimized NPs. Optimized Lzp-PLGA-NPs were radiolabelled with Technitium-99m for scintigraphy imaging and biodistribution studies in Sprague-Dawley rats to establish nose-to-brain pathway.
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Abdelbary GA, Tadros MI. Brain targeting of olanzapine via intranasal delivery of core-shell difunctional block copolymer mixed nanomicellar carriers: in vitro characterization, ex vivo estimation of nasal toxicity and in vivo biodistribution studies. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:300-10. [PMID: 23684658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OZ) is atypical antipsychotic drug that suffers from low brain permeability due to efflux by P-glycoproteins and hepatic first-pass metabolism. The current work aimed to develop OZ-loaded micellar nanocarriers and investigate their nose-to-brain targeting potential. OZ-loaded (5mg/ml) micelles (F1-F12) were prepared, using a Pluronic(®) mixture of L121 and P123, adopting thin-film hydration method. The micelles were evaluated for turbidity, particle size, morphology, drug-entrapment efficiency (EE%), drug-loading characteristics, in vitro drug release and ex vivo nasal toxicity in sheep. The in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies in the brain/blood following intravenous (i.v.) and intranasal (i.n.) administrations of technetium-labeled OZ-loaded micelles and OZ-solution were evaluated in rats. Spherical micelles ranging in size from 18.97 to 380.70 nm were successfully developed. (1)H NMR studies confirmed OZ incorporation into micelle core. At a drug:Pluronic(®) L121:Pluronic(®) P123 ratio of 1:8:32 (F11), the micelles achieved a conciliation between kinetic and thermodynamic stability, high drug-EE%, controlled drug-release characteristics and evoked minor histopathological changes in sheep nasal mucosa. The significantly (P<0.05) higher values for F11 micelles (i.n.); brain/blood ratio (0.92), drug targeting index (5.20), drug targeting efficiency (520.26%) and direct transport percentage (80.76%) confirm the development of a promising non-invasive OZ-loaded nose-to-brain delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ahmed Abdelbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Sharma G, Mishra AK, Mishra P, Misra A. Intranasal cabergoline: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1321-30. [PMID: 19894122 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims of this investigation were to prepare and characterize cabergoline intranasal microemulsion formulations, determine brain drug delivery through biodistribution using technetium-99m (99mTc) as a tracer, and assess its performance pharmacodynamically in weight control. Cabergoline microemulsions of different compositions were prepared by water titration method and characterized for globule size and zeta potential. Microemulsion with maximum drug solubilization and stability was considered optimal and taken for further studies with or without addition of mucoadhesive agent. Pharmacokinetics of optimized 99mTc-labeled cabergoline formulations and 99mTc-labeled drug solution were studied by estimating radioactivity in brain and blood of albino rats post intranasal, intravenous, and oral administrations. To confirm localization of drug in brain following intranasal, intravenous, and oral administrations, gamma scintigraphy imaging was also performed. To assess weight control performance of formulations, body weight, white adipose tissue mass, serum lipids, leptin, and prolactin were determined before and after 40 days of intranasal administrations of these formulations to Wistar rats. Microemulsions were found to be stable both physically and chemically when stored at various stress conditions. Brain/blood uptake ratios, drug targeting efficiency, and direct drug transport were found to be highest for drug mucoadhesive microemulsion followed by drug microemulsion and drug solution post-intranasal administration compared to intravenous drug microemulsion. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in assessed pharmacodynamic parameters was observed after intranasal administration of mucoadhesive microemulsion against control group. The results of the studies conclusively demonstrate that intranasal microemulsion formulations developed in this investigation are stable and can deliver cabergoline selectively and in higher amounts to the brain compared to both drug administrations as a solution intranasally or microemulsion intravenously. The results also demonstrate reduction in weight, adipose tissue mass, serum lipids, and serum prolactin after intranasal administration of drug microemulsion. Hence, long-term studies in at least two more animal models followed by extensive clinical evaluation can safely result into a product for clinical use.
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Abstract
This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2006 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurological disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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