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Torsello B, De Marco S, Bombelli S, Cifola I, Morabito I, Invernizzi L, Meregalli C, Zucchini N, Strada G, Perego RA, Bianchi C. High glucose induces an activated state of partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human primary tubular cell cultures. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279655. [PMID: 36827456 PMCID: PMC9956654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in diabetic nephropathy. It is still debated whether tubular cells, undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG) conditions, may contribute to interstitial fibrosis development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and molecular EMT-like changes and the alteration of inflammatory and fibrogenic secretome induced by HG in human primary tubular cell cultures. Taking advantage of this in vitro cell model composed of proximal and distal tubular cells, we showed that HG-treated tubular cells acquired a fibroblast-like morphology with increased cytoplasmic stress fibers, maintaining the expression of the epithelial markers specific of proximal and distal tubular cells. HG increased Snail1, miRNA210 and Vimentin mesenchymal markers, decreased N-cadherin expression and migration ability of primary tubular cells, while E-cadherin expression and focal adhesion distribution were not affected. Furthermore, HG treatment of tubular cells altered the inflammatory cytokine secretion creating a secretome able to enhance the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Our findings show that HG promotes an activated state of partial EMT in human tubular primary cells and induces a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic microenvironment, supporting the active role of tubular cells in diabetic nephropathy onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Ivana Morabito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lara Invernizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- ASST North Milan, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Guo F, Abulati A, Wang JW, Jiang J, Zhang WX, Chen PD, Yao L, Mao XM. Flavonoids of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammation of glomerular mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy via RhoA/ROCK signaling. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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3
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Steichen C, Hervé C, Hauet T, Bourmeyster N. Rho GTPases in kidney physiology and diseases. Small GTPases 2022; 13:141-161. [PMID: 34138686 PMCID: PMC9707548 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1932402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases are molecular switches best known for their pivotal role in dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, but also of cellular morphology, motility, adhesion and proliferation. The prototypic members of this family (RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42) also contribute to the normal kidney function and play important roles in the structure and function of various kidney cells including tubular epithelial cells, mesangial cells and podocytes. The kidney's vital filtration function depends on the structural integrity of the glomerulus, the proximal portion of the nephron. Within the glomerulus, the architecturally actin-based cytoskeleton podocyte forms the final cellular barrier to filtration. The glomerulus appears as a highly dynamic signalling hub that is capable of integrating intracellular cues from its individual structural components. Dynamic regulation of the podocyte cytoskeleton is required for efficient barrier function of the kidney. As master regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases are therefore of critical importance for sustained kidney barrier function. Dysregulated activities of the Rho GTPases and of their effectors are implicated in the pathogenesis of both hereditary and idiopathic forms of kidney diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease that is caused by injury to kidney glomeruli. High glucose activates RhoA/Rho-kinase in mesangial cells, leading to excessive extracellular matrix production (glomerulosclerosis). This RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway also seems involved in the post-transplant hypertension frequently observed during treatment with calcineurin inhibitors, whereas Rac1 activation was observed in post-transplant ischaemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Thierry Hauet
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire STIM CNRS ERL 7003, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cédex, France
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Zou H, Zhu S, Chen Y, Cai N, Xu C, Tu W, Qin X. Kruppel like factor 5 enhances high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cell transdifferentiation in diabetic nephropathy. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2022; 32:35-45. [DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2022043565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ghosh R, Siddarth M, Kare PK, Banerjee BD, Kalra OP, Tripathi AK. β-Endosulfan-mediated induction of pro-fibrotic markers in renal (HK-2) cells in vitro: A new insight in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2354-2360. [PMID: 34402583 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu), manifested clinically as tubulo interstitial fibrosis, has emerged as the second major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Indian subcontinent and various agrochemicals have been implicated in its occurance. Among the agrochemicals organochlorine pesticides particularly endosulfan is well known for its toxicity and recent residue analysis have shown its presence in the blood samples of general population. In this present study, we have investigated the consequences of endosulfan exposure at a concentration (0.01 μM) equivalent to their highest reported presence in human blood sample of some CKDu patients, to human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cell line with regard to ROS generation and expression of profibrotic and epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) markers in order to find out endosulfan's ability to induce profibrotic changes in renal cell. We demonstrated a significant increase in intracellular ROS generation and increased expression of TGF-β1 when cells were incubated with β-endosulfan (0.01 μM) indicating occurrence of oxidative stress and fibrotic process. Again, decreased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and increase in the expression of mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) suggest possible onset of EMT process. Pre-treatment with 5 mM concentration of anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine partially attenuated the above process. In conclusion, these findings suggest possible involvement of β-endosulfan in the development of CKDu through oxidative stress and profibrotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishila Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Manushi Siddarth
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Kare
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash Kalra
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
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6
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Garstka MA, Błażewska KM. Targeting Small GTPases and Their Prenylation in Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9677-9710. [PMID: 34236862 PMCID: PMC8389838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A fundamental role
of pancreatic β-cells to maintain proper
blood glucose level is controlled by the Ras superfamily of small
GTPases that undergo post-translational modifications, including prenylation.
This covalent attachment with either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl
group controls their localization, activity, and protein–protein
interactions. Small GTPases are critical in maintaining glucose homeostasis
acting in the pancreas and metabolically active tissues such as skeletal
muscles, liver, or adipocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation
of small GTPases suggests that inhibition of these pathways deserves
to be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in treating T2D.
This Perspective presents how inhibition of various points in the
mevalonate pathway might affect protein prenylation and functioning
of diabetes-affected tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation
involved in diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. We also demonstrate
the currently available molecular tools to decipher the mechanisms
linking the mevalonate pathway’s enzymes and GTPases with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Tumor and Immunology, Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, DaMingGong, Jian Qiang Road, Wei Yang district, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Kiełbasiński K, Peszek W, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Oplawski M. Effect of Salinomycin on Expression Pattern of Genes Associated with Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1269-1277. [PMID: 32400328 PMCID: PMC7604770 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200513074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Salinomycin is part of a group of ionophore antibiotics characterized by an activity towards tumor cells. To this day, the mechanism through which salinomycin induces their apoptosis is not fully known yet. The goal of this study was to assess the expression pattern of genes and the proteins coded by them connected with the process of programmed cell death in an endometrial cancer cell Ishikawa culture exposed to salinomycin and compared to the control. Materials and Methods Analysis of the effect of salinomycin on Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells (ECACC 99040201) included a cytotoxicity MTT test (with a concentration range of 0.1-100 µM), assessment of the induction of apoptosis and necrosis by salinomycin at a concentration of 1 µM as well the assessment of the expression of the genes chosen in the microarray experiment (microarray HG-U 133A_2) and the proteins coded by them connected with apoptosis (RTqPCR, ELISA assay). The statistical significance level for all analyses carried out as part of this study was p<0.05. Results It was observed that salinomycin causes the death of about 50% of cells treated by it (50.74±0.80% of all cells) at a concentration of 1µM. The decrease in the number of living cells was determined directly after treatment of the cells with the drug (time 0). The average percent of late apoptotic cells was 1.65±0.24% and 0.57±0.01% for necrotic cells throughout the entire observation period. Discussion Microarray analysis indicated the following number of mRNA differentiating the culture depending on the time of incubation with the drug: H_12 vs C = 114 mRNA, H_8 vs C = 84 mRNA, H_48 vs. C = 27 mRNA, whereas 5 mRNAs were expressed differently at all times. During the whole incubation period of the cells with the drug, the following dependence of the expression profile of the analyzed transcripts was observed: Bax>p53>FASL>BIRC5>BCL2L. Conclusion The analysis carried out indicated that salinomycin, at a concentration of 1 µM, stopped the proliferation of 50% of endometrial cancer cells, mainly by inducing the apoptotic process of the cells. The molecular exponent of the induction of programmed cell death was an observed increase in the transcriptional activity of pro-apoptotic genes: Bax;p53;FASL and a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic genes: BCL2L2; BIRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kiełbasiński
- Department of Obsterics and Gynaecology in Ruda Slaska, Medical University of Silesia, Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | - Wojciech Peszek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beniamin O Grabarek
- Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Krakow Branch, Kraków, Poland,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland,Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Krakow Branch, Kraków, Poland,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Oplawski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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Yang F, Wang J, Qu K, Yang X, Liu C, Wang Y, Song Z, Xu H, Chen Y, Wang Z. Dynamic mechanics of HK-2 cell reaction to HG stimulation studied by atomic force microscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5055-5060. [PMID: 33043335 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01470b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular cell injury by exposure to high glucose (HG) stimulation mainly accounts for diabetic nephropathy (DN). To understand the mechanism of injury by HG, quantitative characterization has commonly focused on the cells that are already impaired, which ignores the signals for the process of being injured. In this study, the architecture and morphology of HK-2 cells were observed dynamically by multiple imaging methods. AFM (atomic force microscopy)-based single-cell force spectroscopy was employed to investigate the dynamic mechanics quantitatively. The results showed that the Young's modulus increased continuously from 2.44 kPa up to 4.15 kPa for the whole period of injury by HG, while the surface adhesion decreased from 2.43 nN to 1.63 nN between 12 h and 72 h. In addition, the actin filaments of HK-2 cells exposed to HG depolymerized and then nucleated with increasing Young's modulus. The absence of cell pseudopodia coincided with the reduced cell adhesion, strongly suggesting close relationships between the cell architecture, morphology and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the stages of cell reactions were identified and assessed. Overall, the dynamic mechanics of the cells facilitate the identification of injured cells and the assessment of the degree of injury for accurate diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kaige Qu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xue Yang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chuanzhi Liu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China and School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China and School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China. and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China and JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
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Inhibition of ROCK2 alleviates renal fibrosis and the metabolic disorders in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1357-1376. [PMID: 32490513 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific inhibition of Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) alleviated renal fibrosis in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, while genetic deletion of ROCK1 did not affect renal pathology in mice. Thus, whether ROCK2 plays a role in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis needs to be clarified. In the present study, a selective inhibitor against ROCK2 or genetic approach was used to investigate the role of ROCK2 in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In the fibrotic kidneys of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) patients, we observed an enhanced expression of ROCK2 with a positive correlation with interstitial fibrosis. In mice, the ROCK2 protein level was time-dependently increased in the UUO model. By treating CKD animals with KD025 at the dosage of 50 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection, the renal fibrosis shown by Masson's trichrome staining was significantly alleviated along with the reduced expression of fibrotic genes. In vitro, inhibiting ROCK2 by KD025 or ROCK2 knockdown/knockout significantly blunted the pro-fibrotic response in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (mPTCs). Moreover, impaired cellular metabolism was reported as a crucial pathogenic factor in CKD. By metabolomics analysis, we found that KD025 restored the metabolic disturbance, including the impaired glutathione metabolism in TGF-β1-stimulated tubular epithelial cells. Consistently, KD025 increased antioxidative stress enzymes and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in fibrotic models. In addition, KD025 decreased the infiltration of macrophages and inflammatory response in fibrotic kidneys and blunted the activation of macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, inhibition of ROCK2 may serve as a potential novel therapy for renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in CKD.
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Metabolomics study of fasudil on cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220982. [PMID: 31670380 PMCID: PMC6863766 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasudil is a derivative of 5-isoquinoline sulfonamide, which is a Rho kinase inhibitor, a wide range of pharmacological effects. Fasudil has been shown to attenuate kidney injury caused by certain substances. In the present study, metabolomic analysis of mouse kidney tissues ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to determine the metabolomic changes in cisplatin-induced kidney injury and the fasudil-induced attenuation of cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Metabolomic profiling of kidney tissues revealed significant differences in metabolites between the control group and the cisplatin group and between the cisplatin group and the fasudil-intervention group. With metabolomic approach, 68 endogenous differential metabolites were found, and multivariate statistical analysis, accurate molecular weights, isotope tracers, mass-spectrometry secondary-fragment information, and standard-reference comparisons were used to identify these substances. Based on these differential metabolites, a metabolic-pathway network was constructed and revealed that fasudil primarily attenuated cisplatin-induced renal injury by modulating lipid and amino-acid metabolism. These results further demonstrate that kidney injury can be induced by cisplatin and, moreover, suggest that fasudil can be used to reduce kidney injury at early stages in patients treated with cisplatin.
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Yang T, Heng C, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Chen S, Wang H, Yang H, Jiang Z, Qian S, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhu X, Du L, Yin X, Lu Q. Targeting mammalian serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 through Yes-associated protein/TEA domain transcription factor-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition ameliorates diabetic nephropathy orchestrated renal fibrosis. Metabolism 2020; 108:154258. [PMID: 32376130 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is closely related to functional injury of the kidney, can be observed in advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mammalian serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (MST1), a core component of the Hippo pathway that is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple metabolic diseases, kidney diseases and cancer. METHODS In type 1 and type 2 diabetic animals, as well as in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), activation of MST1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In db/db mice, MST1 protein was knocked down or overexpressed by shRNA, and renal function, fibrosis, and downstream signaling were then investigated. RNA silencing and overexpression were performed by using an MST1 or YAP knockdown/expression lentivirus to investigate the regulation of MST1-mediated YAP/TEAD signaling pathways in the fibrosis process in HK-2 cells. Luciferase and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays were used to identify whether YAP directly regulated TEAD activation by forming a YAP-TEAD heterodimer, which ultimately leads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. RESULTS MST1 activation was significantly decreased in type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Notably, the downregulation of MST1 activation was also observed in HK-2 cells in a glucose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, downregulation of MST1 was sufficient to promote renal dysfunction and fibrosis in db/m mice, whereas overexpression of MST1 ameliorated diabetic nephropathy-induced renal fibrosis. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that activated YAP induced by MST1 inhibition directly upregulated TEAD activation by binding to TEAD and forming a YAP-TEAD heterodimer, resulting in the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in renal tubular epithelial. CONCLUSIONS MST1 activation represents a potential therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy-induced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Cai Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yinlu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shangxiu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Almalki DA. Renoprotective Effect of Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Against Diabetes-induced Renal Affection in Albino Rats. Mater Sociomed 2020; 31:236-240. [PMID: 32082085 PMCID: PMC7007616 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.236-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is the second most common secondary type of glomerular diseases among Saudi patients after systemic lupus erythematosus. Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) was reported to have anti-diabetic and antioxidants effects. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of O. basilicum in controlling STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in rats and preserving the structure of kidney against diabetes-induced nephropathy. Methods: This study utilized forty adult male Spraque-Dawley rats assigned into four groups (n=10 each); control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic, metformin-treated and O. Basilicum-treated groups. The blood glucose level (BGL), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), serum creatinine and BUN levels were assessed. Kidneys were dissected out and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. Results: The BGL significantly decreased in Metformin- and O. basilicum-treated (p=0.02, p=0.01) rats while TAC significantly increased (p=0.01, p=0.003) respectively, compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, O. basilicum significantly reduced (p=0.004, p=0.02) both creatinine and BUN levels compared to the untreated diabetic group, respectively. Examination of kidney of O. basilicum-treated diabetic rats revealed few degenerated renal tubules, with no inflammatory cell infiltrates, peritubular capillaries congestion and minimal peritubular collagen fibers deposition. It also reduced immunoexpression of desmin and αsmooth muscle actin in glomeruli of O. basilicum-treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: Glucose lowering and antioxidant effects of O. basilicum was evident biochemically in this study. O. basilicum could protect the kidney against diabetes-induced nephropathy as revealed biochemically and histopathologically. Further exploration of the mechanism and assessment of efficacy in human through clinical study are recommended.
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Zhang NN, Kang JS, Liu SS, Gu SM, Song ZP, Li FX, Wang LF, Yao L, Li T, Li LL, Wang Y, Li XJ, Mao XM. Flavanomarein inhibits high glucose-stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells via targeting spleen tyrosine kinase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:439. [PMID: 31949205 PMCID: PMC6965095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavanomarein (FM) is a major natural compound of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated the effects of FM on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and the underlying mechanisms, including both direct targets and downstream signal-related proteins. The influence of FM on EMT marker proteins was evaluated via western blot. Potential target proteins of FM were searched using Discovery Studio 2017 R2. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was conducted to enrich the proteins within the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for biological processes. Specific binding of FM to target proteins was examined via molecular dynamics and surface plasmon resonance analyses (SPR). FM promoted the proliferation of HK-2 cells stimulated with HG and inhibited EMT through the Syk/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was predicted to be the most likely directly interacting protein with FM. Combined therapy with a Syk inhibitor and FM presents significant potential as an effective novel therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Jin-Sen Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si-Meng Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Preclinical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Preclinical College, XinJiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xin-Min Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China. .,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
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14
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Xie F, Lei J, Ran M, Li Y, Deng L, Feng J, Zhong Y, Li J. Attenuation of Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Mice by Fasudil through Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4126913. [PMID: 32685556 PMCID: PMC7345603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4126913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis induced by hyperglycemia are considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. As macrophage polarization may determine the severity and progression of inflammation, regulation of macrophage polarization may be an effective method to treat diabetic complications. Fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor, reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether fasudil reduces hyperglycemia-induced diabetic nephropathy via regulation of macrophage polarization remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effect of fasudil on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Our data showed that fasudil significantly decreased urinary protein and serum creatinine in diabetic mice, whereas it had no effect on the body weight and blood glucose. We also found increased M1-type macrophages and related proinflammatory cytokines, adverse fibrosis in renal tissue of diabetic mice. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic mice with fasudil increased the number of M2-type macrophages and related anti-inflammatory cytokines, which attenuated renal injury in diabetic mice. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that fasudil could slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The possible mechanism might be associated with its induction of M2 macrophage polarization and the reduction of M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajiang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiesen Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoxia Ran
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Souza CS, de Sousa Oliveira BS, Viana GN, Correia TML, de Bragança AC, Canale D, Oliveira MV, de Magalhães ACM, Volpini RA, de Brito Amaral LS, de Jesus Soares T. Preventive effect of exercise training on diabetic kidney disease in ovariectomized rats with type 1 diabetes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:758-769. [PMID: 31042072 PMCID: PMC6567583 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219843830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT To date, no studies have been found evaluating the effects of physical exercise on renal function and structure changes in ovariectomized rats with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, this work emerges with an important tool for strengthening and expanding innovative research on exercise with potential for the prevention of renal diseases in ovariectomized diabetic rats, and future development of studies that seek to increase scientific knowledge about the beneficial effects of physical exercise on renal diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Bianca Silva de Sousa Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Geovanildo Nascimento Viana
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina de Bragança
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Daniele Canale
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Amélia Cristina Mendes de Magalhães
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Rildo Aparecido Volpini
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
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16
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Sharma D, Gondaliya P, Tiwari V, Kalia K. Kaempferol attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting RhoA/Rho-kinase mediated inflammatory signalling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1610-1619. [PMID: 30551415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) has appeared as a potential therapeutic target in numerous diseases, because of its preventing action on various enzymes providing antioxidant and cytoprotective action. Progression and pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy have also shown potential involvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In the present study, we investigated the effect of kaempferol on hyperglycemia-induced activation of RhoA kinase and associated inflammatory signaling cascade. Currently there is only small literature available on the mechanism of anti-diabetic and nephroprotective action of this compound, which creates a void. Therefore, we focused here on the investigation of molecular mechanisms for kaempferol by means of in vitro testing, using rat (NRK-52E) and human renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC). Our findings suggest that kaempferol inhibits hyperglycemia-induced activation of RhoA and decreased oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and fibrosis (TGF-β1 expression, extracellular matrix protein expression) in NRK-52E and RPTEC cells. Therefore, kaempferol can be used as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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17
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Shao JZ, Qi Y, Du SS, Du WW, Li FZ, Zhang FY. In vitro inhibition of proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells by fasudil. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1253-1257. [PMID: 30140626 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the potential role of fasudil as a treatment for posterior capsular opacification (PCO) of the human crystalline lens. METHODS Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs; line SRA01/04) was exposed to transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) to induce the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fasudil was applied to the cell samples. Its effect on overall HLECs proliferation and migration was studied, as was its influence on EMT induction by TGF-β2 using cell migration assay, MTT colorimetric assay and Western blot assay. RESULTS Fasudil inhibited the proliferation of SRA01/04. Its effect was time- and concentration-dependent. The migration of SRA01/04 cells was significantly reduced 24-72h after fasudil treatment, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 22.37 µmol/mL at 72h. Reversal of the elongated, fibroblast-like shape changes induced by TGF-β2 in SRA01/04 cells was observed. Fasudil up-regulated the expression of Connexin43 protein and down-regulated the expression of α-SMA protein compared with the cells treated with TGF-β2. Furthermore, when exposed to fasudil, the phosphorylation of Rho-associated protein kinase (Rock) and myosin light chain (MLC) could not be activated in the cell preparations. CONCLUSION Fasudil suppresses the proliferation and migration of SRA01/04 cells, and inhibits the process of EMT induced by TGF-β2. These results suggest that fasudil may serve as a therapeutic agent for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Wen Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng-Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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18
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Han ZH, Wang F, Wang FL, Liu Q, Zhou J. Regulation of transforming growth factor β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells by c-Src kinase under high glucose conditions. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1520-1528. [PMID: 30116401 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that high glucose (HG) conditions may contribute to the acceleration of renal cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular epithelial cells, in which c-Src kinase and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are key modulators. In the present study, the roles of c-Src kinase and TGF-β in EMT of lens epithelial cells (LECs) under HG conditions were investigated. Results indicated human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells under HG conditions exhibited significantly increased protein expression levels of phosphorylated c-Src (p-Src418) (P<0.05) and secreted a significantly increased amount of TGF-β compared with HLE-B3 cells under normal glucose conditions (P<0.05). Notably the c-Src inhibitor PP1 and the activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitor SB431542 suppressed EMT of HLE-B3 cells. Results indicated that PP1 significantly inhibited the activities of c-Src and ALK5 and the secretion of TGF-β, whereas SB431542 only significantly downregulated the protein expression levels and secretion of TGF-β (P<0.05). Following c-Src knockdown, the protein expression levels of p-Src418, ALK5 and TGF-β were significantly decreased, the secretion of TGF-β was significantly suppressed (both P<0.05) and EMT was decreased in HLE-B3 cells. These results suggest that c-Src and TGF-β may promote EMT of LECs under HG conditions, with c-Src as the upstream regulatory molecule. Thus, the signal axis of c-Src/TGF-β in EMT of LECs may be a potential novel therapeutic target for the prevention of diabetic subcapsular cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Lei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Chen L, Yang T, Lu DW, Zhao H, Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Central role of dysregulation of TGF-β/Smad in CKD progression and potential targets of its treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Gao Z, Zhu W, Zhang H, Li Z, Cui T. The influence of fasudil on renal proximal tubular cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by parathormone. Ren Fail 2018; 39:575-581. [PMID: 28741985 PMCID: PMC6446168 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1349677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a common pathway through which a variety of chronic kidney diseases progress to end-stage renal disease. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal proximal tubular cells is one of the most important factors in renal fibrosis. This study investigates if fasudil could influence EMT of renal proximal tubular cells. METHODS HK-2 cells in passage 3-4 were used for all experiments. The cells were divided into five groups and treated with different concentrations of PTH and then observe cellular morphological changes at 0, 24 and 48 h using an inverted microscope and investigate the expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and the renal fibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS PTH significantly induced EMT, fasudil-inhibited EMT induced by PTH to different degrees, and the inhibitory effect of fasudil was most pronounced at 20 μmol/L. CONCLUSION Monitoring PTH levels, early prevention and control of hyperparathyroidism and reducing the concentration of PTH are important means to improve prognosis and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. Fasudil can restrain EMT induced by PTH; this conclusion provides experimental data for the application of fasudil in the clinical prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Gao
- a Department of Ultrasound , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Zhonghe Li
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Tongxia Cui
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
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Wu Q, Ouyang C, Xie L, Ling Y, Huang T. The ROCK inhibitor, thiazovivin, inhibits human corneal endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition/epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition and increases ionic transporter expression. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1009-1018. [PMID: 28849097 PMCID: PMC5593453 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal diseases exhibit a high prevalence and are prone to cause blindness; furthermore, maintaining the morphology and ionic transporter expression in corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is crucial for treatment of these diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the novel Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, thiazovivin (2,4‑disubstituted thiazole, TZV), on human corneal endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition/epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EndMT/EMT), cell morphology, junction proteins and ionic transporter expression in human CECs (HCECs) in vitro and then to clarify the mechanisms of action of TZV. In the present study, primary HCECs were cultured in vitro and passaged. The expression levels of adhesion proteins (E‑cadherin and N‑cadherin), the EndMT/EMT marker, α smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), the tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO‑1), and the ionic transporter, Na+/K+‑ATPase, were detected by immunofluorescence. The proliferative ability of the HCECs was determined by CCK-8 assay. The mRNA expression of the EndMT/EMT‑inducing gene, Snail, was examined by RT‑PCR. The protein expression levels of ROCK1/2 were evaluated by western blot analysis. The HCECs were cultured with TZV at various concentrations (2, 4, or 6 µM) for different periods of time (24 or 48 h). We found that the the cell states of the HCECs co‑cultured with 4 µM TZV for 48 h reached the optimum, and corneal EndMT/EMT was inhibited, as evidenced by the significantly upregulated expression of ZO‑1 and E‑cadherin, and the markedly downregulated expression of N‑cadherin and α‑SMA. Furthermore, the cells exhibited a normal, tightly connected hexagonal or pentagonal morphology. Additionally, the protein expression of ROCK1/2 and the mRNA expression of Snail were significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference between the TZV‑treated and the control groups as regards HCEC proliferative ability. These findings suggested that the ROCK inhibitor, TZV (4 µM), was effective in improving the morphology, cell junctions and ionic transporter expression of HCECs by inhibiting EndMT/EMT, but had no effect on HCEC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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22
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Ungefroren H, Witte D, Lehnert H. The role of small GTPases of the Rho/Rac family in TGF-β-induced EMT and cell motility in cancer. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:451-461. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, and University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery; UKSH, Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - David Witte
- First Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, and University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- First Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, and University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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Montero RM, Bhangal G, Pusey CD, Frankel AH, Tam FWK. CCL18 synergises with high concentrations of glucose in stimulating fibronectin production in human renal tubuloepithelial cells. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:139. [PMID: 27686838 PMCID: PMC5041317 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage kidney disease worldwide. The pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive and multiple factors have been implicated. These include the effects of hyperglycaemia, haemodynamic and metabolic factors, and an inflammatory process that stimulates cellular signalling pathways leading to disease progression and severe fibrosis. Fibronectin (Fn) is an important protein of the extracellular matrix that is essential in fibrosis and its presence in increased amounts has been identified in the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Proximal tubuloepithelial (HK-2) cells were stimulated with high glucose (30 mM D-glucose) or glycated albumin (500 μg/mmol) + 4 mM D-glucose or their controls, Mannitol (26 mM + 4 mM D-glucose) and 4 mM D-glucose, respectively. Following 48 h of stimulation the supernatant was collected and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay performed to assess cell viability. HK-2 cells were also stimulated in the above environments with recombinant CCL18 (rCCL18) or MCP-1 (rMCP-1) for 48 h with quantification of Fn levels using ELISA. RESULTS Co-stimulation of HK-2 cells with high concentrations of glucose and rCCL18 significantly increased Fn (p < 0.001), in comparison to high concentrations of glucose alone. HK-2 cells stimulated with glycated albumin consistently produced Fn and this did not alter following co-stimulation with rCCL18 or rMCP-1. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates how stimulation with a specific chemokine CCL18 in high glucose upregulates the production of Fn from proximal tubuloepithelial cells. This may be relevant to the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Montero
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Gurjeet Bhangal
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charles D Pusey
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew H Frankel
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frederick W K Tam
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Torsello B, Bianchi C, Meregalli C, Di Stefano V, Invernizzi L, De Marco S, Bovo G, Brivio R, Strada G, Bombelli S, Perego RA. Arg tyrosine kinase modulates TGF-β1 production in human renal tubular cells under high-glucose conditions. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2925-36. [PMID: 27298228 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular cells are involved in the tubular interstitial fibrosis observed in diabetic nephropathy. It is debated whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) affects tubular cells, which under high-glucose conditions overproduce transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a fibrogenic cytokine involved in interstitial fibrosis development. Our study investigated the involvement of non-receptor tyrosine kinase Arg (also called Abl2) in TGF-β production. Human primary tubular cell cultures exposed to high-glucose conditions were used. These cells showed an elongated morphology, stress fibers and vimentin increment but maintained most of the epithelial marker expression and distribution. In these cells exposed to high glucose, which overexpressed and secreted active TGF-β1, Arg protein and activity was downregulated. A further TGF-β1 increase was induced by Arg silencing with siRNA, as with the Arg tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib. In the cells exposed to high glucose, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent Arg kinase downregulation induced both RhoA activation, through p190RhoGAPA (also known as ARHGAP35) modulation, and proteasome activity inhibition. These data evidence a new specific involvement of Arg kinase into the regulation of TGF-β1 expression in tubular cells under high-glucose conditions and provide cues for new translational approaches in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Vitalba Di Stefano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Lara Invernizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Anatomo-Pathology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Brivio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- Urology Unit, Bassini ICP Hospital, Milano 20092, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
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25
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Xiang S, Li M, Xie X, Xie Z, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Lin W, Zhang X, Jiang H, Shou Z, Chen J. Rapamycin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelium cells through regulation of Rho GTPases. FEBS J 2016; 283:2309-25. [PMID: 27093550 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is a key process of peritoneal fibrosis. Rapamycin has been previously shown to inhibit EMT of PMCs and prevent peritoneal fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the undefined molecular mechanisms by which rapamycin inhibits EMT of PMCs. To define the protective effect of rapamycin, we initially used a rat PD model which was daily infused with 20 mL of 4.25% high glucose (HG) dialysis solution for 6 weeks to induce fibrosis. The HG rats showed decreased ultrafiltration volume and obvious fibroproliferative response, with markedly increased peritoneal thickness and higher expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1. Rapamycin significantly ameliorated those pathological changes. Next, we treated rat PMCs with HG to induce EMT and/or rapamycin for indicated time. Rapamycin significantly inhibited HG-induced EMT, which manifests as increased expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I, decreased expression of E-cadherin, and increased mobility. HG increased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Importantly, rapamycin inhibits the RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 activated by HG. Moreover, rapamycin repaired the pattern of F-actin distribution induced by HG, reducing the formation of stress fiber, focal adhesion, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Thus, rapamycin shows an obvious protective effect on HG-induced EMT, by inhibiting the activation of Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Xiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xishao Xie
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhoutao Xie
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanshi Tian
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangfei Shou
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Nephrology department, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Hu C, Sun L, Xiao L, Han Y, Fu X, Xiong X, Xu X, Liu Y, Yang S, Liu F, Kanwar YS. Insights into the Mechanisms Involved in the Expression and Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:2858-70. [PMID: 26119175 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150625095407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is believed to be a major microvascular complication of diabetes. The hallmark of DN includes deposition of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins, such as, collagen, laminin and fibronectin in the mesangium and renal tubulo-interstitium of the glomerulus and basement membranes. Such an increased expression of ECM leads to glomerular and tubular basement membranes thickening and increase of mesangial matrix, ultimately resulting in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The characteristic morphologic glomerular mesangial lesion has been described as Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule, and the process at times is referred to as diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis. Thus, the accumulation of ECM proteins plays a critical role in the development of DN. The relevant mechanism(s) involved in the increased ECM expression and their regulation in the kidney in diabetic state has been extensively investigated and documented in the literature. Nevertheless, there are certain other mechanisms that may yet be conclusively defined. Recent studies demonstrated that some of the new signaling pathways or molecules including, Notch, Wnt, mTOR, TLRs and small GTPase may play a pivotal role in the modulation of ECM regulation and expression in DN. Such modulation could be operational for instance Notch through Notch1/Jagged1 signaling, Wnt by Wnt/β- catenin pathway and mTOR via PI3-K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. All these pathways may be critical in the modulation of ECM expression and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. In addition, TLRs, mainly the TLR2 and TLR4, by TLR2- dependent and TGF-β-dependent conduits, may modulate ECM expression and generate a fibrogenic response. Small GTPase like Rho, Ras and Rab family by targeting relevant genes may also influence the accumulation of ECM proteins and renal fibrosis in hyperglycemic states. This review summarizes the recent information about the role and mechanisms by which these molecules and signaling pathways regulate ECM synthesis and its expression in high glucose ambience in vitro and in vivo states. The understanding of such signaling pathways and the molecules that influence expression, secretion and amassing of ECM may aid in developing strategies for the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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27
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yan R, Li S, Shi M, Xiao Y, Guo B. Oxymatrine Inhibits Renal Tubular EMT Induced by High Glucose via Upregulation of SnoN and Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151986. [PMID: 27010330 PMCID: PMC4807015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling has been shown to play a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The nuclear transcription co-repressor Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) is an important negative regulator of TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction, and subsequent biological responses including tubule epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix accumulation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oxymatrine (OM) is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora japonica and has been demonstrated to prevent fibrosis. However, the anti-fibrosis effect of OM in DN is still unclear. In this study, we cultured normal rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52Es) in high glucose and high glucose plus OM, and detected the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, FN, TGF-β1, SnoN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 and poly-ubiquitination of SnoN. The results showed that E-cadherin and SnoN expression in NRK52Es decreased significantly, but poly-ubiquitination of SnoN, TGF-β1, α-SMA, FN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 expression significantly increased due to high glucose stimulation, which could be almost completely reversed by OM, suggesting that OM may alleviate EMT induced by high glucose via upregulating SnoN expression and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activation. Hence, OM could be a novel therapeutic for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Ibrahim ZS, Alkafafy ME, Ahmed MM, Soliman MM. Renoprotective effect of curcumin against the combined oxidative stress of diabetes and nicotine in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3017-26. [PMID: 26936435 PMCID: PMC4805097 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is accelerated by smoking. The current study investigated the ability of curcumin to protect the kidneys against damage from oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus (DM) and nicotine (NC). A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg body weight. DM rats were treated with or without NC in the absence or presence of curcumin for 8 weeks. As compared with the controls, DM rats exhibited reduced serum levels of high density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased renal mRNA expression levels of synaptopodin, connexin 43 and erythropoietin (EPO), which were further suppressed by NC and restored to normal levels by curcumin treatment. Additionally, DM rats exhibited increases in their lipid profiles (cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipids), oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and nitric oxide), kidney function markers (urea and creatinine) and the mRNA expression levels of vimentin, desmin, SREBP-1, iNOS and TGF-β1. These effects were further enhanced by NC, but counteracted by curcumin treatment. Kidneys from DM rats displayed glomerular hypertrophy, sclerosis and tubulo-interstitial changes represented by tubular lipid deposition, interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and fibroplasia. Pancreatic islets exhibited cellular vacuolation, morphological irregularity and damaged or reduced in size β-cells. These renal and pancreatic changes became more severe following NC treatment and were ameliorated by curcumin. Therefore, NC-induced DN progression may predominantly operate by increasing oxidative stress, reducing the levels of antioxidants, suppressing EPO levels, and causing perturbations to gap junction and podocyte structure. Curcumin may ameliorate the damaging effects of DM and NC on the kidney through normalization of the mRNA expression levels of several genes important in the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zein Shaban Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al‑Hawiyah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elsayed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Al‑Hawiyah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Al‑Hawiyah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Turubah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
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Deng H, Xu H, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang R, Brann D, Yang F. Protective effect of Ac-SDKP on alveolar epithelial cells through inhibition of EMT via TGF-β1/ROCK1 pathway in silicosis in rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 294:1-10. [PMID: 26785300 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical stage during the development of silicosis fibrosis. In the current study, we hypothesized that the anti-fibrotic tetrapeptide, N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) may exert its anti-fibrotic effects via activation of the TGF-β1/ROCK1 pathway, leading to inhibition of EMT. To address this hypothesis, we first examined the effect of Ac-SDKP upon EMT using an in vivo rat silicosis model, as well as in an in vitro model of TGF-β1-induced EMT. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to examine colocalization of surfactant protein A (SP-A), fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vivo. Western blot analysis was used to examine for changes in the protein levels of E-cadherin (E-cad) and SP-A (epithelial cell markers), vimentin (mesenchymal cell marker), α-SMA (active myofibroblast marker), and collagen I and III in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Secondly, we utilized Western blot analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine the protein expression of TGF-β1 and ROCK1 in in vivo and in vitro studies. The results revealed that Ac-SDKP treatment prevented increases in the expression of mesenchymal markers as well as TGF-β1, ROCK1, collagen I and III. Furthermore, Ac-SDKP treatment prevented decreases in the expression of epithelial cell markers in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Based on the results, we conclude that Ac-SDKP inhibits the transition of epithelial cell-myofibroblast in silicosis via activation of the TGF-β1/ROCK1 signaling pathway, which may serve as a novel mechanism by which it exerts its anti-fibrosis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Pathology Department, Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Darrell Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fang Yang
- Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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30
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Baba I, Egi Y, Utsumi H, Kakimoto T, Suzuki K. Inhibitory effects of fasudil on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:8010-20. [PMID: 26498136 PMCID: PMC4758322 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the major cause of chronic kidney disease, and the Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) signaling cascade is involved in the renal fibrotic processes. Several studies have reported that ROCK inhibitors attenuate renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism of this process remains to be fully elucidated. The present study assessed the inhibitory effect of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, in vivo and in vitro, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying renal interstitial fibrosis. In mice induced with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), collagen accumulation, the expression of fibrosis-associated genes and the content of hydroxyproline in the kidney increased 3, 7, and 14 days following UUO. Fasudil attenuated the histological changes, and the production of collagen and extracellular matrix in the UUO kidney. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-Smad signaling pathway, and macrophage infiltration were suppressed by fasudil in the kidneys of the UUO mice. The present study also evaluated the role of intrinsic renal cells and infiltrated macrophages using NRK-52E, NRK-49F and RAW264.7 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of collagen I and α-SMA increased in the NRK-52E and NRK-49F cells stimulated by TGF-β1. Hydroxyfasudil, a bioactive metabolite of fasudil, attenuated the increase in the mRNA and protein expression levles of α-SMA in the two cell types. However, the reduction in the mRNA expression of collagen I was observed in the NRK-49F cells only. Hydroxyfasudil decreased the mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) induced by TGF-β1 in the NRK-52E cells, but not in the NRK-49F cells. In the RAW264.7 cells, the mRNA expression levels of MCP-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α were increased significantly following lipopolysaccharide stimulation, and were not suppressed by hydroxyfasudil. These data suggested that the inhibition of ROCK activity by fasudil suppressed the transformation of renal intrinsic cells into the myofibroblast cells, and attenuated the infiltration of macrophages, without inhibiting the expression or the activation of cytokine/chemokines, in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuko Baba
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda‑shi, Saitama 335‑8505, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Egi
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda‑shi, Saitama 335‑8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Utsumi
- Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda‑shi, Saitama 335‑8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kakimoto
- Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda‑shi, Saitama 335‑8505, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda‑shi, Saitama 335‑8505, Japan
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Xiao X, Tang W, Yuan Q, Peng L, Yu P. Epigenetic repression of Krüppel-like factor 4 through Dnmt1 contributes to EMT in renal fibrosis. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1596-602. [PMID: 25892014 PMCID: PMC4432929 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor which plays divergent roles in a number of physiological or pathological process. However, the expression and role of KLF4 in renal fibrosis remain undetermined. The aim of the present study was to determine the epigenetic alterations of KLF4 and its potential role and mechanisms of action in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal fibrosis. The hypermethylation of the KLF4 promoter accompanied by a decrease in KLF4 expression were observed in mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in HK-2 cells stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. However, treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine attenuated the TGF-β1-induced downregulation of KLF4 and E-cadherin and the upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the HK-2 cells. DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) participated in the TGF-β1-mediated hypermethylation of the KLF4 promoter in the HK-2 cells. In addition, functional analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of KLF4 led to an increase in the expression of E-cadherin and zonula occludens-l (ZO-1), and a decrease in the expression of α-SMA and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), thus reversing the effects of the suppression of KLF4. These data suggest that KLF4 inhibits the progression of EMT in renal epithelial cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that KLF4 is downregulated during EMT in renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro; thus, KLF4 functions as a suppressor of renal fibrogenesis. The hypermethylation of KLF4 directly mediated by Dnmt1 contributes to the progression of EMT in renal epithelial cells. KLF4 promoter methylation may thus be a promising diagnostic marker or therapeutic target in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Qiongjing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Peng
- The Nephrotic Laboratory of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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32
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Quiroga B, Arroyo D, de Arriba G. Present and future in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:801348. [PMID: 25945357 PMCID: PMC4405221 DOI: 10.1155/2015/801348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Albuminuria is recognized as the most important prognostic factor for chronic kidney disease progression. For this reason, blockade of renin-angiotensin system remains the main recommended strategy, with either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. However, other antiproteinuric treatments have begun to be studied, such as direct renin inhibitors or aldosterone blockers. Beyond antiproteinuric treatments, other drugs such as pentoxifylline or bardoxolone have yielded conflicting results. Finally, alternative pathogenic pathways are being explored, and emerging therapies including antifibrotic agents, endothelin receptor antagonists, or transcription factors show promising results. The aim of this review is to explain the advances in newer agents to treat diabetic kidney disease, along with the background of the renin-angiotensin system blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Quiroga
- Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Spain
| | - David Arroyo
- Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gabriel de Arriba
- Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Spain
- Medicine and Medicine Specialities Department, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
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Zhou TB, Jiang ZP, Qin YH, Drummen GPC. Association of transforming growth factor-β1 T869C gene polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy risk. Nephrology (Carlton) 2014; 19:107-15. [PMID: 24428217 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM A possible association between the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) T869C gene polymorphism and the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. This investigation was performed to assess if an association between the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism and DN risk exists by using meta-analysis to combine comparable studies, thereby increasing sample size and statistical significance, and to identify patterns in various studies. METHODS The association reports were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) on 1 May 2013, and eligible studies were recruited and synthesized. RESULTS Fifty reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism with DN risk. The TT genotype in the overall population was shown to be associated with DN risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.98, P = 0.04). In the sub-group analysis, CC genotype was associated with DN risk in Asians, Caucasians, and Africans. However, the sample size for Caucasians and Africans was relatively small. Furthermore, T allele was distinctly associated with the risk of developing DN in the Asian population (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62-0.92, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype of TGF-β1 T869C in the overall population was associated with DN risk, whereas the CC genotype and T allele were distinctly associated with DN risk in the Asian population. Nonetheless, additional studies are required to firmly establish a correlation between the aforementioned polymorphism and DN risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Croze RH, Buchholz DE, Radeke MJ, Thi WJ, Hu Q, Coffey PJ, Clegg DO. ROCK Inhibition Extends Passage of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1066-78. [PMID: 25069775 PMCID: PMC4149306 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer a potentially unlimited supply of cells for emerging cell-based therapies. Unfortunately, the process of deriving distinct cell types can be time consuming and expensive. In the developed world, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, with more than 7.2 million people afflicted in the U.S. alone. Both hESC-derived retinal pigmented epithelium (hESC-RPE) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE (iPSC-RPE) are being developed for AMD therapies by multiple groups, but their potential for expansion in culture is limited. To attempt to overcome this passage limitation, we examined the involvement of Rho-associated, coiled-coil protein kinase (ROCK) in hESC-RPE and iPSC-RPE culture. We report that inhibiting ROCK1/2 with Y-27632 allows extended passage of hESC-RPE and iPSC-RPE. Microarray analysis suggests that ROCK inhibition could be suppressing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through various pathways. These include inhibition of key ligands of the transforming growth factor-β pathway (TGFB1 and GDF6) and Wnt signaling. Two important processes are affected, allowing for an increase in hESC-RPE expansion. First, ROCK inhibition promotes proliferation by inducing multiple components that are involved in cell cycle progression. Second, ROCK inhibition affects many pathways that could be converging to suppress RPE-to-mesenchymal transition. This allows hESC-RPE to remain functional for an extended but finite period in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne H Croze
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - David E Buchholz
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Monte J Radeke
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - William J Thi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Qirui Hu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Peter J Coffey
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces differentiation of cultured renal tubular epithelial cells under Rho kinase activation via the S1P2 receptor. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 18:844-52. [PMID: 24463961 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of kidney disease; however, the precise role played by S1P in renal disorders still remains controversial. Rho kinase plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy by inducing glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Rho kinase is known to be stimulated by S1P through its specific receptor, S1P2 receptor (S1P2). Hence, we investigated whether S1P-S1P2 signaling plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through Rho kinase activation in renal tubules. METHOD To characterize the distribution of the S1P2, an immunohistochemical examination of the receptor was performed in the kidney of the non-diabetic and diabetic mice. Next, we examined Rho kinase activity as well as E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting in cultured rat tubular epithelial cells under S1P stimulation with and without a Rho kinase inhibitor and an S1P2 blocker. In addition, the distribution of E-cadherin and α-SMA was examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULT S1P2 was expressed mainly in the renal tubules; expression was intense in collecting ducts and distal tubules compared to other segments. S1P induced activation of Rho kinase through the S1P2, which changed the distribution of E-cadherin and increased the expression of α-SMA. CONCLUSION Rho kinase activation by S1P via S1P2 initiated EMT changes in cultured renal tubular cells. Our results suggest that excessive stimulation of S1P might facilitate renal fibrosis via activation of Rho kinase through S1P2.
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Wu G, Xu M, Xu K, Hu Y. Benidipine protects kidney through inhibiting ROCK1 activity and reducing the epithelium-mesenchymal transdifferentiation in type 1 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:174526. [PMID: 24364038 PMCID: PMC3864155 DOI: 10.1155/2013/174526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of benidipine, by testing the changes of the activity of Rho kinase and transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelium cells in vivo. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal (N) and diabetes. STZ were used to make the rats type 1 diabetic and were randomly assigned as diabetes without treatment (D), diabetes treated with benidipine (B), and diabetes treated with fasudil (F) and treated for 3 months. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were for protein expressions of ROCK1, α-SMA, and E-cadherin and real-time PCR for the mRNA quantification of ROCK1. Compared with N group, D group had significant proliferation of glomerular mesangial matrix, increased cell number, thickened basement membrane, widely infiltrated by inflammatory cells and fibrosis in the renal interstitial, and dilated tubular. Those presentations in F and B groups were milder. Compared with N group, D group showed elevated MYPT1 phosphorylation, increased expression of ROCK1, α-SMA protein, and ROCK1 mRNA and decreased expression of E-cadherin protein. B group showed attenuated MYPT1 phosphorylation, decreased ROCK1, α-SMA protein, and ROCK1 mRNA expression and increased expression of E-cadherin protein. In conclusion, benidipine reduces the epithelium-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney by inhibiting ROCK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganlin Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Department of Medicine, Clinic Medical College of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Meirong Xu
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- *Meirong Xu:
| | - Kui Xu
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yilan Hu
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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LI DANDAN, ZHAO TINGBAO, MENG JIANZHONG, JING YING, JIA FENGYU, HE PING. Procyanidin B2 inhibits high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:8148-54. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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