1
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Barone C, Orsenigo R, Cazzola A, D'Errico E, Patelli A, Quattrini G, Vergani B, Bombelli S, De Marco S, D'Orlando C, Bianchi C, Leone BE, Meneveri R, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, Rabbitts TH, Brunelli S, Azzoni E. Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)-Independent Progenitors Are Susceptible to Mll-Af9-Induced Leukemic Transformation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3624. [PMID: 37509285 PMCID: PMC10377085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, genetically distinct from its adult counterpart. Chromosomal translocations involving the KMT2A gene (MLL) are especially common in affected infants of less than 1 year of age, and are associated with a dismal prognosis. While these rearrangements are likely to arise in utero, the cell of origin has not been conclusively identified. This knowledge could lead to a better understanding of the biology of the disease and support the identification of new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Over the last few years, important progress in understanding the dynamics of fetal hematopoiesis has been made. Several reports have highlighted how hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) provide little contribution to fetal hematopoiesis, which is instead largely sustained by HSC-independent progenitors. Here, we used conditional Cre-Lox transgenic mouse models to engineer the Mll-Af9 translocation in defined subsets of embryonic hematopoietic progenitors. We show that embryonic hematopoiesis is generally permissive for Mll-Af9-induced leukemic transformation. Surprisingly, the selective introduction of Mll-Af9 in HSC-independent progenitors generated a transplantable myeloid leukemia, whereas it did not when introduced in embryonic HSC-derived cells. Ex vivo engineering of the Mll-Af9 rearrangement in HSC-independent progenitors using a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach resulted in the activation of an aberrant myeloid-biased self-renewal program. Overall, our results demonstrate that HSC-independent hematopoietic progenitors represent a permissive environment for Mll-Af9-induced leukemic transformation, and can likely act as cells of origin of infant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Barone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Orsenigo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Cazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta D'Errico
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Arianna Patelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Quattrini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Orlando
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Biagio Eugenio Leone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Centro Tettamanti, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Terence Howard Rabbitts
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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2
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Torsello B, De Marco S, Bombelli S, Cifola I, Morabito I, Invernizzi L, Meregalli C, Zucchini N, Strada G, Perego RA, Bianchi C. High glucose induces an activated state of partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human primary tubular cell cultures. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279655. [PMID: 36827456 PMCID: PMC9956654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in diabetic nephropathy. It is still debated whether tubular cells, undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG) conditions, may contribute to interstitial fibrosis development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and molecular EMT-like changes and the alteration of inflammatory and fibrogenic secretome induced by HG in human primary tubular cell cultures. Taking advantage of this in vitro cell model composed of proximal and distal tubular cells, we showed that HG-treated tubular cells acquired a fibroblast-like morphology with increased cytoplasmic stress fibers, maintaining the expression of the epithelial markers specific of proximal and distal tubular cells. HG increased Snail1, miRNA210 and Vimentin mesenchymal markers, decreased N-cadherin expression and migration ability of primary tubular cells, while E-cadherin expression and focal adhesion distribution were not affected. Furthermore, HG treatment of tubular cells altered the inflammatory cytokine secretion creating a secretome able to enhance the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Our findings show that HG promotes an activated state of partial EMT in human tubular primary cells and induces a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic microenvironment, supporting the active role of tubular cells in diabetic nephropathy onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Ivana Morabito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lara Invernizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- ASST North Milan, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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3
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De Marco S, Torsello B, Minutiello E, Morabito I, Grasselli C, Bombelli S, Zucchini N, Lucarelli G, Strada G, Perego RA, Bianchi C. The cross‐talk between Abl2 tyrosine kinase and TGFβ1 signalling modulates the invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett 2022; 597:1098-1113. [PMID: 36310399 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and metastatic urological cancer. Molecular players of ccRCC progression and metastasis are not completely known. Here, using primary cell cultures from patients' specimens, we found that TGFβ1/Smad signalling is more activated in high versus low grade ccRCC and inversely correlates with Abl2 tyrosine kinase protein expression. TGFβ1 treatment increased ubiquitination and degradation of Abl2 protein in ccRCC cell lines by TGFβ1/Smad pathway activation and reactive oxygen species production. 3D invasion and matrix degradation assays showed that Abl2 promoted TGFβ1-induced ccRCC cell invasion and maturation of invadopodia, a hallmark of tumour invasion and metastasis. Our findings define Abl2 as a new downstream molecule of TGFβ1 signalling and putative target to counteract advanced ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Emanuela Minutiello
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Ivana Morabito
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Chiara Grasselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation‐Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit University of Bari Bari 70124 Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- ASST North Milan, Bassini Hospital Cinisello Balsamo 20092 Italy
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza 20900 Italy
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Grasselli C, Bombelli S, Eriani S, Domenici G, Galluccio R, Tropeano C, De Marco S, Bolognesi MM, Torsello B, Bianchi C, Antolini L, Rossi F, Mazzola P, Leoni V, Bellelli G, Perego RA. DNA damage in circulating hematopoietic progenitor stem cells as promising biological sensor of frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1279-1286. [PMID: 35137086 PMCID: PMC9255693 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related syndrome that exposes individuals to increased vulnerability. Although it is potentially reversible, in most cases it leads to negative outcomes, including mortality. The different methods proposed identify frailty after the onset of clinical manifestations. An early diagnosis might make it possible to manage the frailty progression better. The frailty pathophysiology is still unclear although mechanisms, in particular, those linked to inflammation and immunosenescence, have been investigated. A common feature of several clinical aspects involved in senescent organisms is the increase of oxidative stress, described as one of the major causes of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage accumulation in aged cells including the adult stem cell compartment. Likely, this accumulation is implicated in frailty status. The oxidative status of our frail, pre-frail, and non-frail population was characterized. In addition, the DNA damage in hematopoietic cells was evidenced by analyzing the peripheral blood mononuclear cell and their T lymphocyte, monocyte, circulating hematopoietic progenitor stem cell (cHPSC) subpopulations. The phosphorylation of C-terminal of histone H2AX at amino acid Ser 139 (γ-H2AX), which occurs at the DNA double-strand break focus, was evaluated. In our frail population, increased oxidative stress and a high level of DNA damage in cHPSC were found. This study may have potential implications because the increment of DNA damage in cHPSC could be suggestive of an organism impairment preceding the evident frailty. In addition, it may open the possibility for attenuation of frailty progression throughout specific drugs acting on preventing DNA damage or removing damaged cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grasselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Eriani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Domenici
- Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Galluccio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Tropeano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Desio, ASST-Brianza, Desio, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Immunotransfusional Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Mazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Desio, ASST-Brianza, Desio, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Torsello B, De Marco S, Bombelli S, Chisci E, Cassina V, Corti R, Bernasconi D, Giovannoni R, Bianchi C, Perego RA. Correction: The 1ALCTL and 1BLCTL isoforms of Arg/Abl2 induce fibroblast activation and extra cellular matrix remodelling differently. Biol Open 2021; 10:261776. [PMID: 34184728 PMCID: PMC8214730 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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6
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Torsello B, Bianchi C, Meregalli C, Stefano VD, Invernizzi L, Marco SD, Bovo G, Brivio R, Strada G, Bombelli S, Perego RA. Retraction: Arg tyrosine kinase modulates TGF-β1 production in human renal tubular cells under high-glucose conditions. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/20/jcs254847. [PMID: 33093231 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Bombelli S, Torsello B, De Marco S, Lucarelli G, Cifola I, Grasselli C, Strada G, Bovo G, Perego RA, Bianchi C. 36-kDa Annexin A3 Isoform Negatively Modulates Lipid Storage in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Am J Pathol 2020; 190:2317-2326. [PMID: 32861643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte-like morphology of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells results from a grade-dependent neutral lipid accumulation; however, the molecular mechanism and role in renal cancer progression have yet to be clarified. ccRCC shows a gene expression signature consistent with adipogenesis, and the phospholipid-binding protein annexin A3 (AnxA3), a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation, is down-regulated in RCC and shows a differential expression pattern for two isoforms of 36 and 33 kDa. Using primary cell cultures and cell lines, we investigated the involvement of AnxA3 isoforms in lipid storage modulation of ccRCC cells. We found that the increased accumulation of lipids into ccRCC cells correlated with a decrease of the 36/33 isoform ratio. Treatment with adipogenic medium induced a significant increment of lipid storage in ccRCC cells that had a low 36-kDa AnxA3 expression and 36/33 ratio. The 36-kDa AnxA3 silencing in ccRCC cells increased lipid storage induced by adipogenic medium. These data suggest that 36-kDa AnxA3 negatively modulates the response to adipogenic treatment and may act as negative regulator of lipid storage in ccRCC cells. The subcellular distribution of AnxA3 in the cellular endocytic compartment suggests its involvement in modulation of vesicular trafficking, and it might serve as a putative mechanism of lipid storage regulation in ccRCC cells, opening novel translational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Chiara Grasselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- Urology Unit, ASST North Milan, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Pathology Unit, ASST North Milan, Vimercate Hospital, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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Bombelli S, Meregalli C, Grasselli C, Bolognesi MM, Bruno A, Eriani S, Torsello B, De Marco S, Bernasconi DP, Zucchini N, Mazzola P, Bianchi C, Grasso M, Albini A, Cattoretti G, Perego RA. PKH high/CD133+/CD24- Renal Stem-Like Cells Isolated from Human Nephrospheres Exhibit In Vitro Multipotency. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081805. [PMID: 32751333 PMCID: PMC7465083 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism upon which human kidneys undergo regeneration is debated, though different lineage-tracing mouse models have tried to explain the cellular types and the mechanisms involved. Different sources of human renal progenitors have been proposed, but it is difficult to argue whether these populations have the same capacities that have been described in mice. Using the nephrosphere (NS) model, we isolated the quiescent population of adult human renal stem-like PKHhigh/CD133+/CD24− cells (RSC). The aim of this study was to deepen the RSC in vitro multipotency capacity. RSC, not expressing endothelial markers, generated secondary nephrospheres containing CD31+/vWf+ cells and cytokeratin positive cells, indicating the coexistence of endothelial and epithelial commitment. RSC cultured on decellularized human renal scaffolds generated endothelial structures together with the proximal and distal tubular structures. CD31+ endothelial committed progenitors sorted from nephrospheres generated spheroids with endothelial-like sprouts in Matrigel. We also demonstrated the double commitment toward endothelial and epithelial lineages of single RSC. The ability of the plastic RSC population to recapitulate the development of tubular epithelial and endothelial renal lineages makes these cells a good tool for the creation of organoids with translational relevance for studying the parenchymal and endothelial cell interactions and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-8303 (R.A.P.); +39-02-6448-8326 (S.B.)
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Grasselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Maddalena M. Bolognesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Stefano Eriani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide P. Bernasconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Geriatric Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Grasso
- Urology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Pathology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-8303 (R.A.P.); +39-02-6448-8326 (S.B.)
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9
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Torsello B, Bianchi C, Meregalli C, Di Stefano V, Invernizzi L, De Marco S, Bovo G, Brivio R, Strada G, Bombelli S, Perego RA. Correction: Arg tyrosine kinase modulates TGF-β1 production in human renal tubular cells under high-glucose conditions (doi:10.1242/jcs.183640). J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/19/jcs238832. [PMID: 31578221 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Torsello B, De Marco S, Bombelli S, Chisci E, Cassina V, Corti R, Bernasconi D, Giovannoni R, Bianchi C, Perego RA. The 1ALCTL and 1BLCTL isoforms of Arg/Abl2 induce fibroblast activation and extra cellular matrix remodelling differently. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.038554. [PMID: 30837227 PMCID: PMC6451347 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrotic tissue and the stroma adjacent to cancer cells are characterised by the presence of activated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) which play a role in creating a supportive tissue characterised by abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. The myofibroblasts remodel this tissue through secreted molecules and modulation of their cytoskeleton and specialized contractile structures. The non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase Arg (also called Abl2) has the unique ability to bind directly to the actin cytoskeleton, transducing diverse extracellular signals into cytoskeletal rearrangements. In this study we analysed the 1ALCTL and 1BLCTL Arg isoforms in Arg−/− murine embryonal fibroblasts (MEF) cell line, focusing on their capacity to activate fibroblasts and to remodel ECM. The results obtained showed that Arg isoform 1BLCTL has a major role in proliferation, migration/invasion of MEF and in inducing a milieu able to modulate tumour cell morphology, while 1ALCTL isoform has a role in MEF adhesion maintaining active focal adhesions. On the whole, the presence of Arg in MEF supports the proliferation, activation, adhesion, ECM contraction and stiffness, while the absence of Arg affected these myofibroblast features. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Arg and its isoforms modulate the extra cellular matrix production that is relevant in fibrosis and tumour growth, this may open future novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Chisci
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Cassina
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Corti
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.,Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Bernasconi
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Bombelli S, Meregalli C, Scalia C, Bovo G, Torsello B, De Marco S, Cadamuro M, Viganò P, Strada G, Cattoretti G, Bianchi C, Perego RA. Nephrosphere-Derived Cells Are Induced to Multilineage Differentiation when Cultured on Human Decellularized Kidney Scaffolds. Am J Pathol 2017; 188:184-195. [PMID: 29037855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In end-stage chronic kidney disease, the option of organ transplantation is limited because of the scarce availability of kidneys. The combination of stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering seems a promising approach to produce new transplantable kidneys. Currently, the possibility to repopulate naturally obtained scaffolds with cells of different sources is advancing. Our aim was to test, for the first time, whether the nephrosphere (NS) cells, composed by renal stem/progenitor-like cells, were able to repopulate different nephron portions of renal extracellular matrix scaffolds obtained after decellularization of human renal tissue slices. Our decellularization protocol enabled us to obtain a completely acellular renal scaffold while maintaining the extracellular matrix structure and composition in terms of collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin. NS cells, cultured on decellularized renal scaffolds with basal medium, differentiated into proximal and distal tubules as well as endothelium, as highlighted by histology and by the specific expression of epithelial cytokeratin 8.18, proximal tubular CD10, distal tubular cytokeratin 7, and endothelial von Willebrand factor markers. Endothelial medium promoted the differentiation toward the endothelium, whereas epithelial medium promoted the differentiation toward the epithelium. NS cells seem to be a good tool for scaffold repopulation, paving the way for experimental investigations focused on whole-kidney reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Carla Scalia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Urology Unit, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Viganò
- Urology Unit, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- Urology Unit, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy; Anatomo-Pathology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy.
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Torsello B, Bianchi C, Meregalli C, Di Stefano V, Invernizzi L, De Marco S, Bovo G, Brivio R, Strada G, Bombelli S, Perego RA. Arg tyrosine kinase modulates TGF-β1 production in human renal tubular cells under high-glucose conditions. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2925-36. [PMID: 27298228 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular cells are involved in the tubular interstitial fibrosis observed in diabetic nephropathy. It is debated whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) affects tubular cells, which under high-glucose conditions overproduce transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a fibrogenic cytokine involved in interstitial fibrosis development. Our study investigated the involvement of non-receptor tyrosine kinase Arg (also called Abl2) in TGF-β production. Human primary tubular cell cultures exposed to high-glucose conditions were used. These cells showed an elongated morphology, stress fibers and vimentin increment but maintained most of the epithelial marker expression and distribution. In these cells exposed to high glucose, which overexpressed and secreted active TGF-β1, Arg protein and activity was downregulated. A further TGF-β1 increase was induced by Arg silencing with siRNA, as with the Arg tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib. In the cells exposed to high glucose, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent Arg kinase downregulation induced both RhoA activation, through p190RhoGAPA (also known as ARHGAP35) modulation, and proteasome activity inhibition. These data evidence a new specific involvement of Arg kinase into the regulation of TGF-β1 expression in tubular cells under high-glucose conditions and provide cues for new translational approaches in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Vitalba Di Stefano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Lara Invernizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Anatomo-Pathology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Brivio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- Urology Unit, Bassini ICP Hospital, Milano 20092, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza 20900, Italy
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Blanchard H, Kodandapani L, Mittl PR, Marco SD, Krebs JF, Wu JC, Tomaselli KJ, Grütter MG. The three-dimensional structure of caspase-8: an initiator enzyme in apoptosis. Structure 1999; 7:1125-33. [PMID: 10508784 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(99)80179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the initial stages of Fas-mediated apoptosis the cysteine protease caspase-8 is recruited to the cell receptor as a zymogen (procaspase-8) and is incorporated into the death-signalling complex. Procaspase-8 is subsequently activated leading to a cascade of proteolytic events, one of them being the activation of caspase-3, and ultimately resulting in cell destruction. Variations in the substrate specificity of different caspases have been reported. RESULTS We report here the crystal structure of a complex of the activated human caspase-8 (proteolytic domain) with the irreversible peptidic inhibitor Z-Glu-Val-Asp-dichloromethylketone at 2.8 A resolution. This is the first structure of a representative of the long prodomain initiator caspases and of the group III substrate specificity class. The overall protein architecture resembles the caspase-1 and caspase-3 folds, but shows distinct structural differences in regions forming the active site. In particular, differences observed in subsites S(3), S(4) and the loops involved in inhibitor interactions explain the preference of caspase-8 for substrates with the sequence (Leu/Val)-Glu-X-Asp. CONCLUSIONS The structural differences could be correlated with the observed substrate specificities of caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-8, as determined from kinetic experiments. This information will help us to understand the role of the various caspases in the propagation of the apoptotic signal. The information gained from this investigation should be useful for the design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blanchard
- Biochemisches Institut Universität Zürich Winterthurer Strasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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