1
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Upadhayay S, Kumar P. Mitochondrial targeted antioxidants as potential therapy for huntington's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:693-713. [PMID: 38982016 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in CAG repeat on huntington (Htt) gene, leading to a degeneration of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease antioxidant activity. These pathophysiological alterations impair mitochondrial functions, leading to an increase in involuntary hyperkinetic movement. However, researchers investigated the neuroprotective effect of antioxidants using various animal models. Still, their impact is strictly limited to curtailing oxidative stress and increasing the antioxidant enzyme in the brain, which is less effective in HD. Meanwhile, researchers discovered Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAXs) that can improve mitochondrial functions and antioxidant activity through the modulation of mitochondrial signaling pathways, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-coactivator 1 (PGC-1α), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1), and Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT-1), showing neuroprotective effects in HD. The present review discusses the clinical and preclinical studies that investigate the neuroprotective effect of MTAXs (SS31, XJB-5-131, MitoQ, bezafibrate, rosiglitazone, meldonium, coenzyme Q10, etc.) in HD. This brief literature review will help to understand the relevance of MTAXs in HD and enlighten the importance of MTAXs in future drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Upadhayay
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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2
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Pszczołowska M, Walczak K, Miśków W, Mroziak M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Leszek J. Mitochondrial disorders leading to Alzheimer's disease-perspectives of diagnosis and treatment. GeroScience 2024; 46:2977-2988. [PMID: 38457008 PMCID: PMC11009177 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia globally. The pathogenesis of AD remains still unclear. The three main features of AD are extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque, accumulation of abnormal formation hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, and neuronal loss. Mitochondrial impairment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. There are problems with decreased activity of multiple complexes, disturbed mitochondrial fusion, and fission or formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, mitochondrial transport is impaired in AD. Mouse models in many research show disruptions in anterograde and retrograde transport. Both mitochondrial transportation and network impairment have a huge impact on synapse loss and, as a result, cognitive impairment. One of the very serious problems in AD is also disruption of insulin signaling which impairs mitochondrial Aβ removal.Discovering precise mechanisms leading to AD enables us to find new treatment possibilities. Recent studies indicate the positive influence of metformin or antioxidants such as MitoQ, SS-31, SkQ, MitoApo, MitoTEMPO, and MitoVitE on mitochondrial functioning and hence prevent cognitive decline. Impairments in mitochondrial fission may be treated with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 or ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Walczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Miśków
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy Leszek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Wu NS, Ma IC, Lin YF, Ko HJ, Loh JK, Hong YR. The mystery of phospho-Drp1 with four adaptors in cell cycle: when mitochondrial fission couples to cell fate decisions. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2485-2503. [PMID: 38053243 PMCID: PMC10802209 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2289753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent study had deepened our knowledge of the mitochondrial dynamics to classify mitochondrial fission into two types. To further clarify the relationship between the two distinct fission machinery and the four major adaptors of Drp1, we propose a model of mechanism elucidating the multiple functions of phospho-Drp1 with its adaptors during cell cycle and providing in-depth insights into the molecular basis and evolutionary implications in depth. The model highlights not only the clustering characteristics of different phospho-Drp1 with respective subsets of mitochondrial pro-fission adaptors but also the correlation, crosstalk and shifting between different clustering of phosphorylated Drp1-adaptors during different key fission situations. Particularly, phospho-Drp1 (Ser616) couples with Mff/MiD51 to exert mitochondrial division and phospho-Drp1 (Ser637) couples with MiD49/Fis1 to execute mitophagy in M-phase. We then apply the model to address the relationship of mitochondrial dynamics to Parkinson's disease (PD) and carcinogenesis. Our proposed model is indeed compatible with current research results and pathological observations, providing promising directions for future treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Siou Wu
- Department of Education, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Chu Ma
- Division of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- Department of Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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Bera A, Lavanya G, Reshmi R, Dev K, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5516-5531. [PMID: 35078269 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Two major pathological hallmarks have been identified for AD: extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Recently, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was recognized to contribute significantly towards the pathogenesis of AD. Drp1 is primarily located in the cytosol, from where it translocates to the mitochondrial outer membrane and drives the mitochondrial fission via GTP hydrolysis. Drp1 interacts with Aβ and phosphorylated tau, leading to excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, which in turn results in synaptic dysfunction, neuronal damage and cognitive decline. Several studies suggest an increase in the level of Drp1 in the post-mortem brain specimen collected from the AD patients and murine models of AD. Interestingly, heterozygous deletion of Drp1 in the transgenic murine model of AD ameliorates the mitochondrial dysfunction, improving learning and memory. The current review article discusses the possible mechanistic pathways by which Drp1 can influence the pathogenesis of AD. Besides, it will describe various inhibitors for Drp1 and their potential role as therapeutics for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Gantyada Lavanya
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ravada Reshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
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5
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Liu D, Li J, Rong X, Li J, Peng Y, Shen Q. Cdk5 Promotes Mitochondrial Fission via Drp1 Phosphorylation at S616 in Chronic Ethanol Exposure-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7075-7094. [PMID: 36083519 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alterations in brain structure and function, even causing irreversible learning and memory disorders. The hippocampus is one of the most sensitive areas to alcohol neurotoxicity in the brain. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to alcohol neurotoxicity. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we found that chronic exposure to ethanol caused abnormal mitochondrial fission/fusion and morphology by activating the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and upregulating Drp1 receptors, such as fission protein 1 (Fis1), mitochondrial dynamics protein of 49 kDa (Mid49), and mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), combined with decreasing optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) and mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) levels. In addition, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) abrogated ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and improved hippocampal synapses and cognitive function in ethanol-exposed mice. Chronic ethanol exposure also resulted in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) overactivation, as shown by the increase in the levels of Cdk5 and its activator P25 in the hippocampus. Furthermore, a Cdk5/P25 inhibitor (roscovitine) or Cdk5 knockdown using small interfering RNA (LVi-Cdk5) exerted neuroprotection by inhibiting abnormal mitochondrial fission through Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616 and mitochondrial translocation after chronic ethanol exposure. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that inhibition of aberrant Cdk5 activation attenuates hippocampal neuron injury and cognitive deficits induced by chronic exposure to ethanol through Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial dysfunction. Interfering with this pathway might serve as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiande Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Bieniek JC, Grünewald M, Winter J, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of
N
,
N
’‑ Disubstituted Indazolin-3-ones via Intramolecular Anodic DehydrogenativeN-NCoupling Reaction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8180-8186. [PMID: 35919432 PMCID: PMC9278119 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electricity as a traceless oxidant enables a sustainable and novel approach to N,N′-disubstituted indazolin-3-ones by an intramolecular anodic dehydrogenative N–N coupling reaction. This method is characterized by mild reaction conditions, an easy experimental setup, excellent scalability, and a high atom economy. It was used to synthesize various indazolin-3-one derivatives in yields up to 78%, applying inexpensive and sustainable electrode materials and a low supporting electrolyte concentration. Mechanistic studies, based on cyclic voltammetry experiments, revealed a biradical pathway. Furthermore, the access to single 2-aryl substituted indazolin-3-ones by cleavage of the protecting group could be demonstrated. A novel sustainable electrochemical synthetic route to N,N′-disubstituted indazolin-3-ones by direct anodic oxidation with mild reaction conditions, a simple galvanostatic setup, broad scope and excellent scalability is established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Bieniek
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz 55128 Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Michele Grünewald
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz 55128 Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Johannes Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz 55128 Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz 55128 Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz 55128 Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
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7
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Disentangling Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111520. [PMID: 34768950 PMCID: PMC8583788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia in older adults and is fast becoming a major societal and economic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. Age seems to be the major factor driving AD, and currently, only symptomatic treatments are available. AD has a complex etiology, although mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities have been widely and deeply investigated as plausible mechanisms for its neuropathology. Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, along with cognitive deficits and behavioral problems, are the hallmarks of the disease. Restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics, prevention of oxidative stress, and diet and exercise seem to be effective in reducing Aβ and in ameliorating learning and memory problems. Many mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been tested in AD and are currently in development. However, larger streamlined clinical studies are needed to provide hard evidence of benefits in AD. This review discusses the causative factors, as well as potential therapeutics employed in the treatment of AD.
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8
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Rosdah AA, Smiles WJ, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Langendorf CG, Delbridge LMD, Holien JK, Lim SY. New perspectives on the role of Drp1 isoforms in regulating mitochondrial pathophysiology. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107594. [PMID: 32473962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles constantly undergoing fusion and fission. A concerted balance between the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission is required to maintain cellular health under different physiological conditions. Mutation and dysregulation of Drp1, the major driver of mitochondrial fission, has been associated with various neurological, oncological and cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, when subjected to pathological insults, mitochondria often undergo excessive fission, generating fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria leading to cell death. Therefore, manipulating mitochondrial fission by targeting Drp1 has been an appealing therapeutic approach for cytoprotection. However, studies have been inconsistent. Studies employing Drp1 constructs representing alternate Drp1 isoforms, have demonstrated differing impacts of these isoforms on mitochondrial fission and cell death. Furthermore, there are distinct expression patterns of Drp1 isoforms in different tissues, suggesting idiosyncratic engagement in specific cellular functions. In this review, we will discuss these inherent variations among human Drp1 isoforms and how they could affect Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshah A Rosdah
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William J Smiles
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia; Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Langendorf
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Structural Bioinformatics and Drug Discovery, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease and has become a major socioeconomic issue in many developed countries. Currently available therapeutic agents for AD provide only symptomatic treatments, mainly because the complete mechanism of the AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Although several different hypotheses have been proposed, mitochondrial dysfunction has gathered interest because of its profound effect on brain bioenergetics and neuronal survival in the pathophysiology of AD. Various therapeutic agents targeting the mitochondrial pathways associated with AD have been developed over the past decade. Although most of these agents are still early in the clinical development process, they are used to restore mitochondrial function, which provides an alternative therapeutic strategy that is likely to slow the progression of the disease. In this mini review, we will survey the AD-related mitochondrial pathways and their small-molecule modulators that have therapeutic potential. We will focus on recently reported examples, and also overview the current challenges and future perspectives of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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10
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Lim JW, Lee J, Pae AN. Mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease: prospects for therapeutic intervention. BMB Rep 2020; 53:47-55. [PMID: 31818365 PMCID: PMC6999825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease and has become a major socioeconomic issue in many developed countries. Currently available therapeutic agents for AD provide only symptomatic treatments, mainly because the complete mechanism of the AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Although several different hypotheses have been proposed, mitochondrial dysfunction has gathered interest because of its profound effect on brain bioenergetics and neuronal survival in the pathophysiology of AD. Various therapeutic agents targeting the mitochondrial pathways associated with AD have been developed over the past decade. Although most of these agents are still early in the clinical development process, they are used to restore mitochondrial function, which provides an alternative therapeutic strategy that is likely to slow the progression of the disease. In this mini review, we will survey the AD-related mitochondrial pathways and their small-molecule modulators that have therapeutic potential. We will focus on recently reported examples, and also overview the current challenges and future perspectives of ongoing research. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(1): 47-55].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133,
Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
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11
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Wendt L, Vider J, Hoe LES, Du Toit E, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Complex Effects of Putative DRP-1 Inhibitors on Stress Responses in Mouse Heart and Rat Cardiomyoblasts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:95-106. [PMID: 31704803 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP-1)-dependent mitochondrial fission may influence cardiac tolerance to ischemic or oxidative stress, presenting a potential "cardioprotective" target. Effects of dynamin inhibitors [mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (MDIVI-1) and dynasore] on injury, mitochondrial function, and signaling proteins were assessed in distinct models: ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in mouse hearts and oxidative stress in rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Hearts exhibited substantial cell death [approx. 40 IU lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux] and dysfunction (approx. 40 mmHg diastolic pressure, approx. 40% contractile recovery) following 25 minutes' ischemia. Pretreatment with 1 μM MDIVI-1 reduced dysfunction (30 mmHg diastolic pressure, approx. 55% recovery) and delayed without reducing overall cell death, whereas 5 μM MDIVI-1 reduced overall death at the same time paradoxically exaggerating dysfunction. Postischemic expression of mitochondrial DRP-1 and phospho-activation of ERK1/2 were reduced by MDIVI-1. Conversely, 1 μM dynasore worsened cell death and reduced nonmitochondrial DRP-1. Postischemic respiratory fluxes were unaltered by MDIVI-1, although a 50% fall in complex-I flux control ratio was reversed. In H9c2 myoblasts stressed with 400 μM H2O2, treatment with 50 μM MDIVI-1 preserved metabolic (MTT assay) and mitochondrial (basal respiration) function without influencing survival. This was associated with differential signaling responses, including reduced early versus increased late phospho-activation of ERK1/2, increased phospho-activation of protein kinase B (AKT), and differential changes in determinants of autophagy [reduced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3b (LC3B-II/I) vs. increased Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2 (Parkin)] and apoptosis [reduced poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage vs. increased BCL2-associated X (BAX)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)]. These data show MDIVI-1 (not dynasore) confers some benefit during I-R/oxidative stress. However, despite mitochondrial and metabolic preservation, MDIVI-1 exerts mixed effects on cell death versus dysfunction, potentially reflecting differential changes in survival kinase, autophagy, and apoptosis pathways. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhibition of mitochondrial fission is a novel approach to still elusive cardioprotection. Assessing effects of fission inhibitors on responses to ischemic or oxidative stress in hearts and cardiomyoblasts reveals mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (MDIVI-1) and dynasore induce complex effects and limited cardioprotection. This includes differential impacts on death and dysfunction, survival kinases, and determinants of autophagy and apoptosis. Although highlighting the interconnectedness of fission and these key processes, results suggest MDIVI-1 and dynasore may be of limited value in the quest for effective cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wendt
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Eugene Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
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12
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Koch B, Traven A. Mdivi-1 and mitochondrial fission: recent insights from fungal pathogens. Curr Genet 2019; 65:837-845. [PMID: 30783741 PMCID: PMC6620241 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission shows potential as a therapeutic target in non-infectious human diseases. The compound mdivi-1 was identified as a mitochondrial fission inhibitor that acts against the evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial fission GTPase Dnm1/Drp1, and shows promising data in pre-clinical models of human pathologies. Two recent studies, however, found no evidence that mdivi-1 acts as a mitochondrial fission inhibitor and proposed other mechanisms. In mammalian cells, Bordt et al. showed that mdivi-1 inhibits complex I in mitochondria (Dev Cell 40:583, 2017). In a second study, we have recently demonstrated that mdivi-1 does not trigger a mitochondrial morphology change in the human yeast pathogen Candida albicans, but impacts on endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels and inhibits the key virulence property of hyphal formation (Koch et al., Cell Rep 25:2244, 2018). Here we discuss recent insights into mdivi-1’s action in pathogenic fungi and the potential and challenges for repurposing it as an anti-infective. We also outline recent findings on the roles of mitochondrial fission in human and plant fungal pathogens, with the goal of starting the conversation on whether the research field of fungal pathogenesis can benefit from efforts in other disease areas aimed at developing therapeutic inhibitors of mitochondrial division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Koch
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Protein, Science and Engineering, Callaghan Innovation, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ana Traven
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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13
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Jiang J, Cai X, Hu Y, Liu X, Chen X, Wang SY, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Thermo-Promoted Reactions of Anthranils with Carboxylic Acids, Amines, Phenols, and Malononitrile under Catalyst-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2022-2031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Shanghai Fosun Shino Tech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Building 7, No. 1999 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Shanghai Fosun Shino Tech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Building 7, No. 1999 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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14
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Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Folguera-Blasco N, Bastidas-Velez C, Martin ÁG, Alarcón T, Menendez JA. Mitostemness. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:918-926. [PMID: 29886796 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1467679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the key mechanisms governing the retention versus loss of the cancer stem cell (CSC) state would open new therapeutic avenues to eradicate cancer. Mitochondria are increasingly recognized key drivers in the origin and development of CSC functional traits. We here propose the new term "mitostemness" to designate the mitochondria-dependent signaling functions that, evolutionary rooted in the bacterial origin of mitochondria, regulate the maintenance of CSC self-renewal and resistance to differentiation. Mitostemness traits, namely mitonuclear communication, mitoproteome components, and mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics, can be therapeutically exploited to target the CSC state. We briefly review the pre-clinical evidence of action of investigational compounds on mitostemness traits and discuss ongoing strategies to accelerate the clinical translation of new mitostemness drugs. The recognition that the bacterial origin of present-day mitochondria can drive decision-making signaling phenomena may open up a new therapeutic dimension against life-threatening CSCs. New therapeutics aimed to target mitochondria not only as biochemical but also as biophysical and morpho-physiological hallmarks of CSC might certainly guide improvements to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- a Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group , Catalan Institute of Oncology , Girona , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) , Girona , Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- a Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group , Catalan Institute of Oncology , Girona , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) , Girona , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Tomás Alarcón
- c Centre de Recerca Matemàtica , Barcelona , Spain.,e Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath) , Barcelona , Spain.,f ICREA , Barcelona , Spain.,g Departament de Matemàtiques , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- a Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group , Catalan Institute of Oncology , Girona , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) , Girona , Spain
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15
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Smith G, Gallo G. To mdivi-1 or not to mdivi-1: Is that the question? Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1260-1268. [PMID: 28842943 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fission/division and fusion of mitochondria are fundamental aspects of mitochondrial biology. The balance of fission and fusion sets the length of mitochondria in cells to serve their physiological requirements. The fission of mitochondria is markedly induced in many disease states and in response to cellular injury, resulting in the fragmentation of mitochondria into dysfunctional units. The mechanism that drives fission is dependent on the dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) GTPase. mdivi-1 is a quinazolinone originally described as a selective inhibitor of Drp1, over other dynamin family members, and reported to inhibit mitochondrial fission. A recent study has challenged the activity of mdivi-1 as an inhibitor of Drp1. This study raises serious issues regarding the interpretation of data addressing the effects of mdivi-1 as reflective of the inhibition of Drp1 and thus fission. This commentary considers the evidence for and against mdivi-1 as an inhibitor of Drp1 and presents the following considerations; (1) the activity of mdivi-1 toward Drp1 GTPase activity requires further biochemical investigation, (2) as there is a large body of literature using mdivi-1 in vitro with effects as predicted for inhibition of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission, reviewed herein, the evidence is in favor of mdivi-1's originally described bioactivity, and (3) until the issue is resolved, experimental interpretations for the effects of mdivi-1 on inhibition of fission in cell and tissue experiments warrants stringent positive controls directly addressing the effects of mdivi-1 on fission. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1260-1268, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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16
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Bido S, Soria FN, Fan RZ, Bezard E, Tieu K. Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 is neuroprotective in the A53T-α-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7495. [PMID: 28790323 PMCID: PMC5548731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is involved in both familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). One of the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of α-syn mutations is mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it is not entirely clear the impact of impaired mitochondrial dynamics induced by α-syn on neurodegeneration and whether targeting this pathway has therapeutic potential. In this study we evaluated whether inhibition of mitochondrial fission is neuroprotective against α-syn overexpression in vivo. To accomplish this goal, we overexpressed human A53T-α- synuclein (hA53T-α-syn) in the rat nigrostriatal pathway, with or without treatment using the small molecule Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), a putative inhibitor of the mitochondrial fission Dynamin-Related Protein-1 (Drp1). We show here that mdivi-1 reduced neurodegeneration, α-syn aggregates and normalized motor function. Mechanistically, mdivi-1 reduced mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. These in vivo results support the negative role of mutant α-syn in mitochondrial function and indicate that mdivi-1 has a high therapeutic potential for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bido
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Federico N Soria
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rebecca Z Fan
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Erwan Bezard
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France. .,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Kim Tieu
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, United Kingdom. .,Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
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17
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Rezanejade Bardajee G, Ghaedi A, Hekmat S, Abarashi G, Mahdavi M, Akbarzadeh T. A green and efficient synthesis of 2-thioxoquinazolinone derivatives in water using potassium thiocyanate. J Sulphur Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2017.1325891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aseyeh Ghaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Hekmat
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Abarashi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design & Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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