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Yoon Y, Cho M. Detrimental impacts and QSAR baseline toxicity assessment of Japanese medaka embryos exposed to methylparaben and its halogenated byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171448. [PMID: 38453088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite the theoretical risk of forming halogenated methylparabens (halo-MePs) during water chlorination in the absence or presence of bromide ions, there remains a lack of in vivo toxicological assessments on vertebrate organisms for halo-MePs. This research addresses these gaps by investigating the lethal (assessed by embryo coagulation) or sub-lethal (assessed by hatching success/heartbeat rate) toxicity and teratogenicity (assessed by deformity rate) of MeP and its mono- and di-halogen derivatives (Cl- or Br-) using Japanese medaka embryos. In assessing selected apical endpoints to discern patterns in physiological or biochemical alterations, heightened toxic impacts were observed for halo-MePs compared to MeP. These include a higher incidence of embryo coagulation (4-36 fold), heartbeat rate decrement (11-36 fold), deformity rate increment (32-223 fold), hatching success decrement (11-59 fold), and an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level (1.2-7.4 fold)/Catalase (CAT) activity (1.7-2.8 fold). Experimentally determined LC50 values are correlated and predicted using a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) based on the speciation-corrected liposome-water distribution ratio (Dlipw, pH 7.5). The QSAR baseline toxicity aligns well with (sub)lethal toxicity and teratogenicity, as evidenced by toxic ratio (TR) analysis showing TR < 10 for MeP exposure in all cases, while significant specific or reactive toxicity was found for halo-MeP exposure, with TR > 10 observed (excepting three values). Our extensive findings contribute novel insights into the intricate interplay of embryonic toxicity during the early-life-stage of Japanese medaka, with a specific focus on highlighting the potential hazards associated with halo-MePs compared to the parent compound MeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeongsangnam-do, 52834, South Korea; Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
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Albouy M, Deceuninck Y, Migeot V, Doumas M, Dupuis A, Venisse N, Engene PP, Veyrand B, Geny T, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Bichon E, Carato P. Characterization of pregnant women exposure to halogenated parabens and bisphenols through water consumption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130945. [PMID: 36758432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of pregnant women to endocrine disruptor compounds, such as parabens and bisphenol A is of concern for fetal transition. Their halogenated degradation products, mainly coming from water treatment plans, could be problematic as well, depending on their occurrence in drinking water in the first place. Thus, 25 halogenated compounds were synthesised in order to investigate 60 substances (Bisphenols, parabens and their degradation products) in 325 drinking water samples coming from a French cohort study of pregnant women. Analysis was performed by tandem mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) after SPE extraction and derivation of the contaminants. Results indicate that parabens (methylparaben, n-propylparaben, ethylparaben and n-butylparaben), bisphenols S, A and F, and their degradation product, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, were detected up to several hundred ng/L in drinking water, with detection frequencies between 16% and 88%. Regarding halogenated degradation products, the highest detection frequencies were found for monochlorinated products (about 50% for 2-chlorobisphenol A), which were quantified up to several tens of ng/L. Such analytical approaches with broader spectrum of monitoring (i.e. chemical hazards and their degradation products) constitute in the beginning of a solution to exhaustively answer the questions related to the characterization of the human chemical exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Albouy
- Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; Pole Biospharm Service de Santé Publique, CHU, Poitiers, France; CIC INSERM 1402, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.
| | | | - Virginie Migeot
- Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; Pole Biospharm Service de Santé Publique, CHU, Poitiers, France; CIC INSERM 1402, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.
| | - Manon Doumas
- Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CIC INSERM 1402, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France; IC2MP, CNRS 7285, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CIC INSERM 1402, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France; Service de Pharmacie, CHU, Poitiers, France.
| | - Nicolas Venisse
- Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CIC INSERM 1402, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France; Service de Toxicologie et Pharmacocinétique, CHU, Poitiers, France.
| | - Pascale Pierre Engene
- Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CIC INSERM 1402, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.
| | | | - Thomas Geny
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44307 Nantes, France.
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Carato
- Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CIC INSERM 1402, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.
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Klančič V, Gobec M, Jakopin Ž. Halogenated ingredients of household and personal care products as emerging endocrine disruptors. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134824. [PMID: 35525453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The everyday use of household and personal care products (HPCPs) generates an enormous amount of chemicals, of which several groups warrant additional attention, including: (i) parabens, which are widely used as preservatives; (ii) bisphenols, which are used in the manufacture of plastics; (iii) UV filters, which are essential components of many cosmetic products; and (iv) alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are used extensively as non-ionic surfactants. These chemicals are released continuously into the environment, thus contaminating soil, water, plants and animals. Wastewater treatment and water disinfection procedures can convert these chemicals into halogenated transformation products, which end up in the environment and pose a potential threat to humans and wildlife. Indeed, while certain parent HPCP ingredients have been confirmed as endocrine disruptors, less is known about the endocrine activities of their halogenated derivatives. The aim of this review is first to examine the sources and occurrence of halogenated transformation products in the environment, and second to compare their endocrine-disrupting properties to those of their parent compounds (i.e., parabens, bisphenols, UV filters, alkylphenol ethoxylates). Albeit previous reports have focused individually on selected classes of such substances, none have considered the problem of their halogenated transformation products. This review therefore summarizes the available research on these halogenated compounds, highlights the potential exposure pathways, and underlines the existing knowledge gaps within their toxicological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Klančič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Jakopin Ž. Assessment of the endocrine-disrupting potential of halogenated parabens: An in silico approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128447. [PMID: 33007571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are endocrine-disrupting chemicals present in a variety of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to their wide-spread use, significant amounts are also released into the aquatic domain of the environment. During water disinfection, parabens give rise to halogenated transformation products. As opposed to parabens, there is considerable lack of knowledge with regard to the endocrine-disrupting potential of their halogenated counterparts, which presents a challenge for regulatory decision making. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap by using the Endocrine Disruptome and VirtualToxLab™ to predict their endocrine-disrupting potential on the basis of calculated affinities for different nuclear receptors. The applied computational approach indicates a high probability of halogenated parabens binding to glucocorticoid, thyroid and aryl hydrocarbon receptors and suggests that disinfection is likely to form transformation products with more pronounced endocrine-disrupting activities than those of parent parabens. The obtained results not only highlight the need for additional in vitro/in vivo investigations of these chemicals as endocrine disruptors but also provide a means of guiding and prioritizing these future studies, in order to assess fully their hazard to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI - 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Junaid M, Wang Y, Hamid N, Deng S, Li WG, Pei DS. Prioritizing selected PPCPs on the basis of environmental and toxicogenetic concerns: A toxicity estimation to confirmation approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120828. [PMID: 31301631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), the pollutants of emerging concerns, present potential risks to the ecological environment. This study focused on the prioritization of widely used selected PPCPs belonging to two categories:personal care products (PCPs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We predicted the toxicogenetic endpoints of PPCPs and then confirmed them using experimental approaches. Our results revealed a significant similarity in the findings obtained through both approaches, indicating NSAIDs with relatively high environmental impacts and in vitro/vivo toxicity. Experimental approach revealed that musk xylene (MX) from PCPs and DIC from NSAIDs as individual chemicals of priority concern showed elevated environmental impacts and significantly induced pi3k-akt-mTOR in vitro. Similarly, propyl paraben (PP) from PCPs and diclofenac (DIC) from NSAIDs caused significant cytotoxicity and DNA damage in vitro. Moreover, PP and MX from the PCPs group and naproxen (NAP) and DIC from the NSAIDs group induced developmental toxicity and perturbations to phases I, II, and III detoxification pathways in vivo. In addition, MX and DIC as priority PPCPs inhibited hematopoiesis and hepatogenesis in vivo. Apart from the specific effects, PPCPs can be ranked as: MX > PP > methylparaben (MP) for PCPs, and DIC > NAP > ibuprofen (IBU) for NSAIDs, regarding their toxic and environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Sasaki K, Terasaki M. Estrogen agonistic/antagonistic activity of brominated parabens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21257-21266. [PMID: 29946845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen agonistic/antagonistic activity of 16 brominated by-products of parabens was assessed by using a yeast two-hybrid assay transfected with the human estrogen receptor α. Characterization of synthetic compounds including novel brominated parabens was performed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. For the agonist assay, five C3-C4 alkylparabens exhibited significant activity (P < 0.05) relative to that of 17β-estradiol, ranging from 3.7 × 10-5 to 7.1 × 10-4. In contrast, none of the brominated alkyl parabens exhibited agonistic activity. In the antagonist assay, 12 brominated alkylparabens and butylparaben exhibited significant antagonistic activity (P < 0.05). Their antagonistic activity relative to 4-hydroxytamoxifen ranged from 0.11 to 2.5. The antagonist activity of C1-C4 alkylparabens increased with the number of bromine substitutions. Benzylparaben exhibited both agonistic and antagonistic activity, and these activities dissipated or were weakened with increased bromination. Thus, increased bromination appeared to attenuate the estrogen agonistic activity of most parabens such that it resulted in increased antagonistic activity, a feature of parabens that had not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sasaki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-34 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masanori Terasaki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-34 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan.
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