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Lakeev AP, Yanovskaya EA, Yanovsky VA, Frelikh GA, Andropov MO. Novel aspects of taxifolin pharmacokinetics: Dose proportionality, cumulative effect, metabolism, microemulsion dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115744. [PMID: 37797493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Taxifolin (TFL) is a small drug molecule with a broad therapeutic potential limited by its poor aqueous solubility and excessive metabolism. Despite comprehensive research, some aspects of the TFL pharmacokinetics, e.g., dose proportionality and possible cumulative effect, remain unexplored. In the current study, we have tried to fill this gap. Our results revealed that the TFL pharmacokinetics in rats had nonlinear character in the dose range of 10-50 mg/kg after its single oral administration (AUC). For Cmax, the data are ambiguous: linearity was confirmed via the equivalence criterion and was disproved using the power model approach. Also, the cumulative drug effect was observed on the 4th day after its multiple-dose oral administration (25 mg/kg; compared to the 1st day). Interestingly, biologically active TFL metabolites such as aromadendrin and luteolin were putatively found in plasma samples, although they were previously detected only in feces. In addition, oil-in-water and water-in-oil microemulsions were fabricated to design novel drug delivery systems. These carrier dosage forms did not improve the TFL bioavailability but significantly affected its metabolism. To support pharmacokinetic studies, the bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated in the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL using candesartan as an internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether was used to isolate the analytes from plasma followed by evaporation and reconstitution of the residues in acetonitrile. Thus, the present findings broaden our understanding of the TFL behavior in vivo and provide novel ideas and reference directions for its continued use in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Lakeev
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Elena A Yanovskaya
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav A Yanovsky
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina A Frelikh
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia
| | - Mikhail O Andropov
- Scientific and Educational Center 'Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use', Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Solubility Enhancement of Dihydroquercetin via "Green" Phase Modification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415965. [PMID: 36555607 PMCID: PMC9785474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a promising antioxidant for medical applications. The poor water solubility of this flavanonol at ambient conditions inhibits its implementation in clinical practice as an injectable dosage form. Thus, increasing water solubility is a critical step toward solving this problem. Herein we attempted to deal with this problem via DHQ phase modification while at the same time adhering to the principles of green chemistry as much as possible. Lyophilization is an appropriate method to achieve phase modification in an environment-friendly way. This method was employed to generate new phase modifications of DHQ that were then characterized. Mixtures of water with ethanol or acetonitrile were used as solvents for the preparation of the lyophilizates, DHQE, and DHQA, respectively. The results of dissolution testing of the obtained DHQE and DHQA demonstrated that the lyophilization increased water solubility at least 30-fold times. These new DHQ modifications were studied by scanning electron microscopy, mass-spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermal analysis. Their solid-state phases were confirmed to differ from the initial DHQ substance without any changes in the molecular structure. Both DHQE and DHQA showed as high antioxidant activity as the initial DHQ. These data demonstrate the potential of DHQE and DHQA as active pharmaceutical ingredients for injectable dosage forms.
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Dammak M, Ben Hlima H, Smaoui S, Fendri I, Michaud P, Ayadi MA, Abdelkafi S. Conception of an environmental friendly O/W cosmetic emulsion from microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73896-73909. [PMID: 35622292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of eco-friendly cosmetic such as those from microalgae for skin regeneration and collagen synthesis has gained a great interest worldwide. Accordingly, the potential of microalgae biomass as source of anti-aging cosmetic cream with high antioxidant activity has been investigated. Stabilities and sensory characteristics of cosmetic creams supplemented with Spirulina, Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella sp. at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5%, respectively, revealed a conservation of physico-chemical and preliminary stability properties of formulations. To analyze physico-chemical and textural parameters, accelerated stability study was evaluated under two thermal conditions (25 and 40 °C) during 90 days. Results showed that pH values of all formulations were within the limits of normal skin pH range under storage time at 25 and 40 °C. During this period, the colored creams showed a significant changes of a* and b* indices, reflecting the instability of microalgae colors. Microalgae modified the textural characteristics of emulsions. The Tetraselmis sp. containing-cream had the lowest (P < 0.05) values of hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness. The 0.5% Spirulina containing-cream had the best stable consistency and adhesiveness under time and temperature variations. It exhibited the best properties to be used for skin care products. Thanks to their high content in bioactive macromolecules, microalgae considerably improved the antioxidant activity of the new formulated skin creams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Ayadi
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Taxifolin stability: In silico prediction and in vitro degradation with HPLC-UV/UPLC-ESI-MS monitoring. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:232-240. [PMID: 34012699 PMCID: PMC8116214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin has a plethora of therapeutic activities and is currently isolated from the stem bark of the tree Larix gmelinni (Dahurian larch). It is a flavonoid of high commercial interest for its use in supplements or in antioxidant-rich functional foods. However, its poor stability and low bioavailability hinder the use of flavonoid in nutritional or pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, taxifolin isolated from the seeds of Mimusops balata, was evaluated by in silico stability prediction studies and in vitro forced degradation studies (acid and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, visible/UV radiation, dry/humid heating) monitored by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). The in silico stability prediction studies indicated the most susceptible regions in the molecule to nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks, as well as the sites susceptible to oxidation. The in vitro forced degradation tests were in agreement with the in silico stability prediction, indicating that taxifolin is extremely unstable (class 1) under alkaline hydrolysis. In addition, taxifolin thermal degradation was increased by humidity. On the other hand, with respect to photosensitivity, taxifolin can be classified as class 4 (stable). Moreover, the alkaline degradation products were characterized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS as dimers of taxifolin. These results enabled an understanding of the intrinsic lability of taxifolin, contributing to the development of stability-indicating methods, and of appropriate drug release systems, with the aims of preserving its stability and improving its bioavailability. An stability-indicating HPLC-UV method was developed to Taxifolin. Taxifolin showed high in silico susceptibility to nucleophilic attack. Taxifolin is unstable under acid, oxidative and especially alkaline conditions. Alkaline degradation products were characterized by UPLC-ESIMS/MS.
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Wang R, Zhu X, Wang Q, Li X, Wang E, Zhao Q, Wang Q, Cao H. The anti-tumor effect of taxifolin on lung cancer via suppressing stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and oncogenesis in nude mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:590. [PMID: 32566617 PMCID: PMC7290558 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid with anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties. In this study, we investigated the stemness-related inhibitory effects of taxifolin in two lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1975, as well as in A549 xenografts. Methods A549 and H1975 cells, as well as A549 xenograft BALB/c mice were treated with taxifolin. Cell viability, stemness, mobility and protein expression were tested with Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Colony formation assay, Flow cytometry, Transwell, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results CCK-8 exhibited an obvious toxicity of taxifolin to both cell lines at higher dose. Then taxifolin of 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM/L were subsequently used. Taxifolin exhibited inhibitory effects on stemness and sphere formation, reduced protein expression of SOX2 and OCT4, and reduced CD133-positive cells. Furthermore, taxifolin decreased invasive cells, reduced N-cadherin and vimentin while increased E-cadherin expression, indicating that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was inhibited. All of the effects observed were exhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and A549 cells proved to be more sensitive to taxifolin than H1975 cells. Taxifolin inactivated PI3K and TCF4 protein phosphorylation; however, taxifolin was not observed to have an effect on NF-κB P65 or STAT3. Taxifolin also suppressed tumor growth in A549 xenograft BALB/c mice, with decreased SOX2 and OCT4 expression and inhibited PI3K and TCF4. Conclusions In summary, taxifolin inhibited stemness and EMT in lung cancer cells possibly via the inactivation of PI3K and OCT4. Taxifolin could be a potential prodrug or serve as an adjuvant in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Enling Wang
- Department of Respiration, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Department of Out-patient, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, China
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