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Das B, Bhardwaj PK, Chaudhary SK, Pathaw N, Singh HK, Tampha S, Singh KK, Sharma N, Mukherjee PK. Bioeconomy and ethnopharmacology - Translational perspective and sustainability of the bioresources of northeast region of India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118203. [PMID: 38641075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ecological environment of Northeast region of India (NER), with its high humidity, has resulted in greater speciation and genetic diversity of plant, animal, and microbial species. This region is not only rich in ethnic and cultural diversity, but it is also a major biodiversity hotspot. The sustainable use of these bioresources can contribute to the region's bioeconomic development. AIM OF THE STUDY The review aimed to deliver various perspectives on the development of bioeconomy from NER bioresources under the tenets of sustainable utilization and socioeconomic expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information related to prospects of the approaches and techniques pertaining to the sustainable use of ethnomedicine resources for the growth of the bioeconomy were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Springer from 1984 to 2023. All the appropriate abstracts, full-text articles and various book chapters on bioeconomy and ethnopharmacology were conferred. RESULT As the population grows, so does the demand for basic necessities such as food, health, and energy resources, where insufficient resource utilization and unsustainable pattern of material consumption cause impediments to economic development. On the other hand, the bioeconomy concept leads to "the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value-added products. CONCLUSIONS In this context, major emphasis should be placed on strengthening the economy's backbone in order to ensure sustainable use of these resources and livelihood security; in other words, it can boost the bio-economy by empowering the local people in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Neeta Pathaw
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Huidrom Khelemba Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Soibam Tampha
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Khaidem Kennedy Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
| | - Pulok Kumar Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India; Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Meghalaya Center, Shillong, Meghalaya 793009, India.
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Furukawa T, Yokono C, Nomura Y. Immature mandarin orange extract increases the amount of hyaluronic acid in human skin fibroblast and keratinocytes. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:271-277. [PMID: 38736727 PMCID: PMC11082100 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immature mandarin orange is thinned in order to maturation of orange. To use immature mandarin orange as a cosmetic functional material, we investigated the seasonal fluctuation changes in hesperidin and narirutin levels of immature mandarin oranges, and the effects on human skin cells. The contents of hesperidin from Aoshima, Otsu, and Shonan gold, is higher at about a month after flowering. Shonan gold has higher content of narirutin to compere that of Aoshima and Otsu. We found the addition of immature mandarin orange extracts to the human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, gene expression level of hyaluronic acid synthase and the hyaluronic acid contents in the medium are higher than that of the control. It was suggested that hesperidin in immature mandarin orange enhances the ability of skin cells to produce hyaluronic acid. Our findings indicate that the immature mandarin orange is a characteristic material on cosmetics and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Furukawa
- Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai cho, Fuchu shi, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Chisako Yokono
- Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai cho, Fuchu shi, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai cho, Fuchu shi, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
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Oku H, Kitagawa F, Kato Y, Miyashita T, Hara M, Minetoki T, Yamada S. Anti-Allergic Effects of the Subcritical Water Extract Powder of Citrus unshiu in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models. J Med Food 2021; 24:533-540. [PMID: 34009024 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of unripe mandarin orange (Citrus unshiu) extract powder (unripe mandarin extract powder [UMEP]) treated with subcritical water on allergic diseases by using animal models. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that subcritical water is a more effective solvent than alcohol and hot water, as it quickly extracted approximately 90% of the functional compounds narirutin (1) and hesperidin (2) from whole fruits. Repeated oral administration of UMEP significantly reversed the peripheral blood flow decline observed during the promotion of allergies after sensitization with the antigen, hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL). UMEP also significantly inhibited compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior in HEL-sensitized mice, which are more sensitive to itching stimuli than are normal mice, without suppressing locomotor activity. In addition, repeated oral administration of UMEP in ovalbumin-challenged guinea pigs significantly suppressed the late phase of nasal airway resistance. This study provides evidence that the subcritical water extract powder of unripe C. unshiu fruit is an effective anti-allergic functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisae Oku
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Fumika Kitagawa
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miyashita
- Research and Development Division, Nikken Foods Co. Ltd., Fukuroi City, Japan
| | - Masaomi Hara
- Research and Development Division, Nikken Foods Co. Ltd., Fukuroi City, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Minetoki
- Research and Development Division, Nikken Foods Co. Ltd., Fukuroi City, Japan
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Japan
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Improvement effects of a mixed extract of flowers of Pueraria thomsonii Benth. and peels of Citrus unshiu Markovich on postmenopausal symptoms of ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:524-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Pashai M, Seyed Toutounchi SN, Rameshrad M, Vaez H, Fathiazad F, Garjani A. The Effects of Hesperidin on Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Arrhythmias and Infarct Size in Isolated Rat Heart. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Noh HJ, Hwang D, Lee ES, Hyun JW, Yi PH, Kim GS, Lee SE, Pang C, Park YJ, Chung KH, Kim GD, Kim KH. Anti-inflammatory activity of a new cyclic peptide, citrusin XI, isolated from the fruits of Citrus unshiu. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:106-112. [PMID: 25625351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrus unshiu (Rutaceae) is an easy-peeling citrus fruit, which has been used as a traditional Korean medicine for improving skin elasticity, relieving fatigue and cough, and preventing bronchitis, flu, and various cancers. However, its active components associated with anti-inflammation and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the active constituents from the fruits of Citrus unshiu and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity in order to support the traditional usage of Citrus unshiu. MATERIAL AND METHODS Repeated column chromatography, together with a semi-preparative HPLC purification was used to separate the bioactive constituent from the EtOAc soluble fraction of the EtOH extract of Citrus unshiu fruits. Anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators were examined using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. RESULTS A new cyclic peptide, citrusin XI (1), was isolated and identified from the fruits of Citrus unshiu. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ((1)H, (13)C, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments), and high resolution (HR)-mass spectrometry, and its absolute configurations were further confirmed by the Marfey׳s method. Compound 1 decreased NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 70μM. Compound 1 suppressed NO production by decreasing iNOS expression but COX-2 expression was slightly associated with the reduction by compound 1 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, compound 1 inhibited NF-κB activation by blocking IκBα degradation and NF-κB phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a new cyclic peptide, citrusin XI, from Citrus unshiu fruits has anti-inflammatory properties that inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Compound 1 decreases NO production by decreasing iNOS expression and NF-κB activation associated with IκBα degradation and NF-κB phosphorylation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. This is the first study to clarify the underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by a pure isolated compound from Citrus unshiu in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The phytochemical, citrusin XI of Citrus unshiu may serve as lead compound in the design of new agents for preventing and treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Noh
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukhyun Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Suk Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Hyun
- Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoung Ho Yi
- Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Khan MK, Zill-E-Huma, Dangles O. A comprehensive review on flavanones, the major citrus polyphenols. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Shin KC, Nam HK, Oh DK. Hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides by β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus and its application to the production of flavanone aglycones from citrus extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11532-11540. [PMID: 24188428 DOI: 10.1021/jf403332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolytic activity of the recombinant β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus for the flavanone glycoside hesperidin was optimal at pH 5.5 and 95 °C in the presence of 0.5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 0.1% (w/v) Tween 40 with a half-life of 88 h, a Km of 1.6 mM, and a kcat of 68.4 1/s. The specific activity of the enzyme for flavonoid glycosides followed the order hesperidin > neohesperidin > naringin > narirutin > poncirin > diosmin > neoponcirin > rutin. The specific activity for flavanone was higher than that for flavone or flavonol. DMSO at 10% (v/v) was used to increase the solubility of flavanone glycosides as substrates. The enzyme completely converted flavanone glycosides (1 g/L) to flavanone aglycones and disaccharides via one-step reaction. The major flavanone in grapefruit peel, grapefruit pulp, or orange peel extract was naringin (47.5 mg/g), naringin (16.6 mg/g), or hesperidin (18.2 mg/g), respectively. β-Glucosidase from P. furiosus completely converted naringin and narirutin in 100% (w/v) grapefruit peel extract to 22.5 g/L naringenin after 12 h, with a productivity of 1.88 g L(-1) h(-1); naringin and narirutin in 100% (w/v) grapefruit pulp extract to 8.1 g/L naringenin after 9 h, with a productivity of 0.90 g L(-1) h(-1); and hesperidin in 100% (w/v) orange peel extract to 9.0 g/L hesperetin after 9 h, with a productivity of 1.00 g L(-1) h(-1). The conversion yields, concentrations, and productivities of flavanone aglycones in this study are the highest among those obtained from citrus extracts. Thus, this enzyme may be useful for the industrial hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides in citrus extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Murata K, Takano S, Masuda M, Iinuma M, Matsuda H. Anti-degranulating activity in rat basophil leukemia RBL-2H3 cells of flavanone glycosides and their aglycones in citrus fruits. J Nat Med 2012; 67:643-6. [PMID: 22903244 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The anti-degranulating activity of flavonoids present in Citrus fruits was comprehensively evaluated. Among these, hesperetin and naringenin, respectively aglycones of hesperidin and narirutin, showed significant activity. The targets of hesperetin and naringenin were found: hesperetin inhibited phosphorylation of Syk and Akt, while naringenin suppressed the expression of Lyn and inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt. These results suggest that hesperetin and naringenin inhibit degranulation by suppression of pathway signals and reduce the symptoms of allergy by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt, which leads to the suppression of cytokines. In addition, hesperetin showed inhibitory activity against the degranulation induced by calcium ionophores, indicating that hesperetin exerts its inhibitory activity by stabilizing the membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Murata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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Matsui T, Ito C, Itoigawa M, Okada T, Furukawa H. Effect of natsudaidain isolated from Citrus plants on TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RBL-2H3 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.01.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Flavonoids inhibit the activity of chemical mediators released from mast cells. Our aim was to investigate the effects of natsudaidain, a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Citrus plants, on mast cells.
Methods
We investigated the inhibitory effects of natsudaidain, which is a polymethoxy-flavone isolated from Citrus plants, on histamine release, tumour necrosis factor-α production and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Ca ionophore-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells) by spectrofluorometric, ELISA and immunoblotting methods.
Key findings
The percent of histamine release from A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells pretreated with natsudaidain at 5, 25 and 50 μM was not changed as compared with non-treated A23187-stimulated cells. At 100 and 200 μM, natsudaidain pretreatment resulted in slightly reduced histamine release (% histamine release, 89.8 ± 3.5% and 71.5 ± 5.6% at 100 and 200 μM). Thus, natsudaidain hardly affects histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells, except at high concentrations. On the other hand, natsudaidain dose-dependently inhibited tumour necrosis factor-α protein and mRNA levels in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells; a concentration of 6.8 μM was required for a 50% reduction. In addition, all concentrations of this compound that we tested also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. The mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells treated with natsudaidain were also markedly decreased. The phosphorylated-p38 MAPK protein levels in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells treated with natsudaidain were lower than in the non-treated cells.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that natsudaidain inhibits tumour necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 production by suppressing p38 MAPK phosphorylation but not p65 NFKB phosphorylation, and that natsudaidain might alleviate inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masataka Itoigawa
- Faculty of Human Wellness, Tokai Gakuen University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Itoh K, Masuda M, Naruto S, Murata K, Matsuda H. Antiallergic activity of unripe Citrus hassaku fruits extract and its flavanone glycosides on chemical substance-induced dermatitis in mice. J Nat Med 2009; 63:443-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-009-0349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Itoh K, Hirata N, Masuda M, Naruto S, Murata K, Wakabayashi K, Matsuda H. Inhibitory effects of Citrus hassaku extract and its flavanone glycosides on melanogenesis. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:410-5. [PMID: 19252287 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 50% ethanolic extract (CH-ext) obtained from the unripe fruit of Citrus hassaku exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The CH-ext showed antioxidant activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Activity-guided fractionation of the CH-ext indicated that flavanone glycoside-rich fractions showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Further examination revealed that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the CH-ext were attributable to naringin and neohesperidin, respectively. The CH-ext showed inhibition of melanogenesis without any effects on cell proliferation in cultured murine B16 melanoma cells after glucosamine exposure. The topical application of the CH-ext to the dorsal skin of brownish guinea pigs showed in vivo preventive effects against UVB-induced pigmentation.
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Fujita T, Kawase A, Niwa T, Tomohiro N, Masuda M, Matsuda H, Iwaki M. Comparative evaluation of 12 immature citrus fruit extracts for the inhibition of cytochrome P450 isoform activities. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:925-30. [PMID: 18451520 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we found that 50% ethanol extracts of immature fruits of Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin) have anti-allergic effects against the Type I, II and IV allergic reactions. However, many adverse interactions between citrus fruit, especially grapefruit juice, and drugs have been reported due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the competitive inhibitory effects of extracts from immature citrus fruit on CYP activity. Extracts were prepared from 12 citrus species or cultivars, and were tested against three kinds of major CYPs, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, in human liver microsomes. We also estimated the amounts of flavonoids (narirutin, hesperidin, naringin and neohesperidin) and furanocoumarins (bergapten, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin and bergamottin) in each extract using HPLC. Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) showed the greatest inhibition of CYP activities, while Citrus unshiu which has an antiallergic effect, showed relatively weak inhibitory effects. Extracts having relatively strong inhibitory effects for CYP3A4 tended to contain higher amounts of naringin, bergamottin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin. These results, providing comparative information on the inhibitory effects of citrus extracts on CYP isoforms, suggest that citrus extracts containing high levels of narirutin and hesperidin and lower levels of furanocoumarins such as C. unshiu are favorable as antiallergic functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Fujita
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Kim Y, So HS, Youn MJ, Kim ES, Song MS, Chai KY, Woo WH, Cho KH, Moon BS, Park R. Anti-inflammatory effect of So-Pung-Tang, a Korean traditional prescription for cerebral infarction patients. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:425-431. [PMID: 17931810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
So-Pung-Tang (Sopung), a prescription composed of 14 herbal mixtures, has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction in Oriental Medicine. However, the mechanisms by which the formula affects on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral infarction patients remain unknown yet. The levels of secretory protein of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interlukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6, were significantly increased in both THP-1 differentiated macrophage-like cells (THP-1/M) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cerebral infarction patients after stimulation. However, pretreatment with Sopung markedly inhibited the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6, but not IL-1beta, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1/M cells and PBMCs treated with LPS and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Furthermore, Sopung significantly inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 in THP-1/M cells. These data indicate that Sopung may be beneficial in the cessation of inflammatory processes of cerebral infarction through suppression of ERK1/2 and JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunha Kim
- Vestibulocochlear System Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Fujita T, Shiura T, Masuda M, Tokunaga M, Kawase A, Iwaki M, Gato T, Fumuro M, Sasaki K, Utsunomiya N, Matsuda H. Anti-allergic effect of a combination of Citrus unshiu unripe fruits extract and prednisolone on picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis in mice. J Nat Med 2007; 62:202-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-007-0208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim Y, So HS, Kim JK, Park C, Lee JH, Woo WH, Cho KH, Moon BS, Park R. Anti-inflammatory effect of oyaksungisan in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cerebral infarction patients. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1037-41. [PMID: 17541150 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oyaksungisan, the herbal prescription composed of eleven herbs, has been widely used in treatment of cerebral infarct in Oriental Medicine. However, the mechanisms by which the herbal formula affects on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral infarction patients remain unknown yet. The secretory levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly increased in both LPS and PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cerebral infarction patients. However, pretreatment with oyaksungisan significantly inhibited the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory in PBMCs. Also, oyaksungisan induced a significant increase of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in PBMCs. Thus, these data indicate that oyaksungisan may be beneficial in the cessation of inflammatory processes of cerebral infarct through suppression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 and induction of TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk, Korea (South)
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Cho J. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:699-706. [PMID: 16964766 DOI: 10.1007/bf02968255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of hesperidin, a flavanone mainly isolated from citrus fruits, and its aglycone hesperetin using cell-free bioassay system and primary cultured rat cortical cells. Both hesperidin and hesperetin exhibited similar patterns of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities. While hesperidin was inactive, hesperetin was found to be a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation initiated in rat brain homogenates by Fe2+ and L-ascorbic acid. In consistence with these findings, hesperetin protected primary cultured cortical cells against the oxidative neuronal damage induced by H2O2 or xanthine and xanthine oxidase. In addition, it was shown to attenuate the excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by excess glutamate in the cortical cultures. When the excitotoxicity was induced by the glutamate receptor subtype-selective ligands, only the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced toxicity was selectively and markedly inhibited by hesperetin. Furthermore, hesperetin protected cultured cells against the A(beta(25-35))-induced neuronal damage. Hesperidin, however, exerted minimal or no protective effects on the neuronal damage tested in this study. Taken together, these results demonstrate potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperetin, implying its potential role in protecting neurons against various types of insults associated with many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsook Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 780-714, Korea.
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19
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Flavonoids as nutraceuticals: Structural related antioxidant properties and their role on ascorbic acid preservation. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Garg A, Garg S, Zaneveld LJ, Singla AK. Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin. Phytother Res 2001; 15:655-69. [PMID: 11746857 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation. A deficiency of this substance in the diet has been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness as well as pain in the extremities causing aches, weakness and night leg cramps. No signs of toxicity have been observed with the normal intake of hesperidin or related compounds. Both hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin have been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. This paper reviews various aspects of hesperidin and its related compounds, including their occurrence, physical and chemical properties, analysis, pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicity and the marketed products available. A special emphasis has been laid on the pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garg
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Kim CJ, Lim JS, Cho SK. Anti-diabetic agents from medicinal plants inhibitory activity ofSchizonepeta tenuifolia spikes on the diabetogenesis by streptozotocin in mice. Arch Pharm Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02986008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Mak NK, Wong-Leung YL, Chan SC, Wen J, Leung KN, Fung MC. Isolation of anti-leukemia compounds from Citrus reticulata. Life Sci 1996; 58:1269-76. [PMID: 8614280 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In vitro effects of medicinal plant extracts from the pericarpium of Citrus reticulata (cv Jiao Gan) (PCRJ) on the growth and differentiation of a recently characterized murine myeloid leukemic cell clone WEHI 3B (JCS) were investigated. Extracts of PCRJ not only inhibited the proliferation of JCS cells in a dose dependent manner, but also induced differentiation of JCS cells into macrophages and granulocytes. Morphological differentiation of PCRJ treated JCS cells was associated with an increase in phagocytic activity of the cells. Furthermore, both in vitro clonogenicity and in vivo growth of PCRJ treated JCS leukemic cells in syngeneic BALB/c mice were significantly reduced. The survival rate of mice receiving PCRJ treated JCS tumour cells was also increased. Using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and GC/MS, two active components isolated from PCRJ were identified as nobiletin and tangeretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Mak
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University
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Spilková J, Hubík J. [The biological actions of flavonoids. II]. PHARMAZIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 1992; 21:174-82. [PMID: 1518878 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.19920210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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