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Kurosawa T, Ikemoto-Uezumi M, Yoshimoto Y, Minato K, Kaji N, Chaen T, Hase E, Minamikawa T, Yasui T, Horiguchi K, Iino S, Hori M, Uezumi A. Tissue-specific functions of MSCs are linked to homeostatic muscle maintenance and alter with aging. Aging Cell 2024:e14299. [PMID: 39323233 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, play a critical role in muscle maintenance and sarcopenia development. Although analogous MSCs are present in various tissues, recent single-cell RNA-seq studies have revealed the inter-tissue heterogeneity of MSCs. However, the functional significance of MSC heterogeneity and its role in aging remain unclear. Here, we investigated the properties of MSCs and their age-related changes in seven mouse tissues through histological, cell culture, and genetic examinations. The tissue of origin had a greater impact on the MSC transcriptome than aging. By first analyzing age-related changes, we found that Kera is exclusively expressed in muscle MSCs and significantly down-regulated by aging. Kera knockout mice recapitulated some sarcopenic phenotypes including reduced muscle mass and specific force, revealing the functional importance of Kera in the maintenance of muscle youth. These results suggest that MSCs have tissue-specific supportive functions and that deterioration in these functions may trigger tissue aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Ikemoto-Uezumi
- Division of Cell Heterogeneity, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Minato
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Chaen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Hase
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Minamikawa
- Division of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasui
- Division of Next-Generation Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Horiguchi
- School of Health Sciences at Odawara, International University of Health and Welfare, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iino
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Division of Cell Heterogeneity, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Fang Z, Yan H, Li J, Ye Z, Yu Y, Shan W. Brisk walking improves motor function and lower limb muscle strength in Chinese women aged 80 years and older. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7933. [PMID: 38575643 PMCID: PMC10995214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of a 12-week brisk walking exercise regimen on motor function improvements in elderly women. Twenty-six elderly women, aged 84.2 ± 3.2 years, participated in a 12-week brisk walking exercise program. Fitness assessments and blood biomarker analyses (including CHO, HDLC, LDLC, TC) were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, targeted metabolomics was employed to measure short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamin metabolites. The intervention led to significant enhancements in participants' flexibility (p < 0.05), lower limb muscle strength (p < 0.01), and cardiorespiratory endurance (p < 0.01), while muscle mass showed no significant changes. Fifteen significant differential metabolites were identified (VIP > 1.0, FC > 1.2 or < 0.8, and p < 0.05), with arginine, ornithine, aspartic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and pantothenic acid playing key roles across seven metabolic pathways. A 12-week brisk walking exercise program significantly enhanced flexibility, lower limb muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance among elderly women. These improvements did not extend to muscle mass or upper limb muscle strength. The observed enhancement in exercise capacity may be attributed to improved regulation of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zilong Fang
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huiping Yan
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhifan Ye
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yichao Yu
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- The School of Sports Coaching, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Gurholt TP, Borda MG, Parker N, Fominykh V, Kjelkenes R, Linge J, van der Meer D, Sønderby IE, Duque G, Westlye LT, Aarsland D, Andreassen OA. Linking sarcopenia, brain structure and cognitive performance: a large-scale UK Biobank study. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae083. [PMID: 38510210 PMCID: PMC10953622 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to age-related loss of muscle mass and function and is related to impaired somatic and brain health, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationships between sarcopenia, brain structure and cognition are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the associations between sarcopenic traits, brain structure and cognitive performance. We included 33 709 UK Biobank participants (54.2% female; age range 44-82 years) with structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, thigh muscle fat infiltration (n = 30 561) from whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (muscle quality indicator) and general cognitive performance as indicated by the first principal component of a principal component analysis across multiple cognitive tests (n = 22 530). Of these, 1703 participants qualified for probable sarcopenia based on low handgrip strength, and we assigned the remaining 32 006 participants to the non-sarcopenia group. We used multiple linear regression to test how sarcopenic traits (probable sarcopenia versus non-sarcopenia and percentage of thigh muscle fat infiltration) relate to cognitive performance and brain structure (cortical thickness and area, white matter fractional anisotropy and deep and lower brain volumes). Next, we used structural equation modelling to test whether brain structure mediated the association between sarcopenic and cognitive traits. We adjusted all statistical analyses for confounders. We show that sarcopenic traits (probable sarcopenia versus non-sarcopenia and muscle fat infiltration) are significantly associated with lower cognitive performance and various brain magnetic resonance imaging measures. In probable sarcopenia, for the included brain regions, we observed widespread significant lower white matter fractional anisotropy (77.1% of tracts), predominantly lower regional brain volumes (61.3% of volumes) and thinner cortical thickness (37.9% of parcellations), with |r| effect sizes in (0.02, 0.06) and P-values in (0.0002, 4.2e-29). In contrast, we observed significant associations between higher muscle fat infiltration and widespread thinner cortical thickness (76.5% of parcellations), lower white matter fractional anisotropy (62.5% of tracts) and predominantly lower brain volumes (35.5% of volumes), with |r| effect sizes in (0.02, 0.07) and P-values in (0.0002, 1.9e-31). The regions showing the most significant effect sizes across the cortex, white matter and volumes were of the sensorimotor system. Structural equation modelling analysis revealed that sensorimotor brain regions mediate the link between sarcopenic and cognitive traits [probable sarcopenia: P-values in (0.0001, 1.0e-11); muscle fat infiltration: P-values in (7.7e-05, 1.7e-12)]. Our findings show significant associations between sarcopenic traits, brain structure and cognitive performance in a middle-aged and older adult population. Mediation analyses suggest that regional brain structure mediates the association between sarcopenic and cognitive traits, with potential implications for dementia development and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Miguel Germán Borda
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger 4068, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
- Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 111611, Colombia
| | - Nadine Parker
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Vera Fominykh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Rikka Kjelkenes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
| | - Jennifer Linge
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping 58222, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger 4068, Norway
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
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Venturelli M, Morgan GR, Tarperi C, Zhao J, Naro F, Reggiani C, Donato AJ, Richardson RS, Schena F. Physiological determinants of mechanical efficiency during advanced ageing and disuse. J Physiol 2024; 602:355-372. [PMID: 38165402 DOI: 10.1113/jp285639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine which physiological factors impact net efficiency (ηnet) in oldest-old individuals at different stages of skeletal muscle disuse. To this aim, we examined ηnet, central haemodynamics, peripheral circulation, and peripheral factors (skeletal muscle fibre type, capillarization and concentration of mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]). Twelve young (YG; 25 ± 2 years), 12 oldest-old mobile (OM; 87 ± 3 years), and 12 oldest-old immobile (OI; 88 ± 4 years) subjects performed dynamic knee extensor (KE) and elbow flexors (EF) exercise. Pulmonary oxygen uptake, photoplethysmography, Doppler ultrasound and muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis and biceps brachii were used to assess central and peripheral adaptations to advanced ageing and disuse. Compared to the YG (12.1 ± 2.4%), the ηnet of lower-limb muscle was higher in the OM (17.6 ± 3.5%, P < 0.001), and lower in the OI (8.9 ± 1.9%, P < 0.001). These changes in ηnet during KE were coupled with significant peripheral adaptations, revealing strong correlations between ηnet and the proportion of type I muscle fibres (r = 0.82), as well as [mtDNA] (r = 0.77). No differences in ηnet were evident in the upper-limb muscles between YG, OM and OI. In view of the differences in limb-specific activity across the lifespan, these findings suggest that ηnet is reduced by skeletal muscle inactivity and not by chronological age, per se. Likewise, this study revealed that the age-related changes in ηnet are not a consequence of central or peripheral haemodynamic adaptations, but are likely a product of peripheral changes related to skeletal muscle fibre type and mitochondrial density. KEY POINTS: Although the effects of ageing and muscle disuse deeply impact the cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, the combination of these factors on the mechanical efficiency are still a matter of debate. By measuring both upper- and lower-limb muscle function, which experience differing levels of disuse, we examined the influence of central and peripheral haemodynamics, and skeletal muscle factors linked to mechanical efficiency. Across the ages and degree of disuse, upper-limb muscles exhibited a preserved work economy. In the legs the oldest-old without mobility limitations exhibited an augmented mechanical efficiency, which was reduced in those with an impairment in ambulation. These changes in mechanical efficiency were associated with the proportion of type I muscle fibres. Recognition that the mechanical efficiency is not simply age-dependent, but the consequence of inactivity and subsequent skeletal muscle changes, highlights the importance of maintaining physical activity across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Garrett R Morgan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- The Murtha Cancer Center at Walter Reed Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jia Zhao
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fabio Naro
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- The Murtha Cancer Center at Walter Reed Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Wrucke DJ, Kuplic A, Adam M, Hunter SK, Sundberg CW. Neural and muscular contributions to the age-related loss in power of the knee extensors in men and women. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563851. [PMID: 37961177 PMCID: PMC10634815 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the loss in limb muscle power in old (60-79 years) and very old (≥80 years) adults and whether the mechanisms differ between men and women are not well-understood. We compared maximal power of the knee extensor muscles between young, old, and very old men and women and identified the neural and muscular factors contributing to the age-related loss of power. 31 young (22.9±3.0 years, 15 women), 83 old (70.4±4.9 years, 39 women), and 16 very old adults (85.8±4.2 years, 9 women) performed maximal isokinetic contractions at 14 different velocities (30-450°/s) to identify peak power. Voluntary activation (VA) and contractile properties were assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex and electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve. The age-related loss in power was ~6.5 W·year-1 for men (R2=0.62, p<0.001), which was a greater rate of decline (p=0.002) than the ~4.2 W·year-1 for women (R2=0.77, p<0.001). Contractile properties were the most closely associated variables with power output for both sexes, such as the rate of torque development of the potentiated twitch (men: R2=0.69, p<0.001; women: R2=0.57, p<0.001). VA was weakly associated with power in women (R2=0.13, p=0.012) but not men (p=0.191), whereas neuromuscular activation (EMG amplitude) during the maximal power contraction was not associated with power in men (p=0.347) or women (p=0.106). These data suggest that the age-related loss in power of the knee extensor muscles is due primarily to factors within the muscle for both sexes, although neural factors may play a minor role in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Wrucke
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Kuplic
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell Adam
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sandra K. Hunter
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher W. Sundberg
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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GrönholdtKlein M, Gorzi A, Wang L, Edström E, Rullman E, Altun M, Ulfhake B. Emergence and Progression of Behavioral Motor Deficits and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy across the Adult Lifespan of the Rat. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1177. [PMID: 37759577 PMCID: PMC10526071 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The facultative loss of muscle mass and function during aging (sarcopenia) poses a serious threat to our independence and health. When activities of daily living are impaired (clinical phase), it appears that the processes leading to sarcopenia have been ongoing in humans for decades (preclinical phase). Here, we examined the natural history of sarcopenia in male outbred rats to compare the occurrence of motor behavioral deficits with the degree of muscle wasting and to explore the muscle-associated processes of the preclinical and clinical phases, respectively. Selected metrics were validated in female rats. We used the soleus muscle because of its long duty cycles and its importance in postural control. Results show that gait and coordination remain intact through middle age (40-60% of median lifespan) when muscle mass is largely preserved relative to body weight. However, the muscle shows numerous signs of remodeling with a shift in myofiber-type composition toward type I. As fiber-type prevalence shifted, fiber-type clustering also increased. The number of hybrid fibers, myofibers with central nuclei, and fibers expressing embryonic myosin increased from being barely detectable to a significant number (5-10%) at late middle age. In parallel, TGFβ1, Smad3, FBXO32, and MuRF1 mRNAs increased. In early (25-month-old) and advanced (30-month-old) aging, gait and coordination deteriorate with the progressive loss of muscle mass. In late middle age and early aging due to type II atrophy (>50%) followed by type I atrophy (>50%), the number of myofibers did not correlate with this process. In advanced age, atrophy is accompanied by a decrease in SCs and βCatenin mRNA, whereas several previously upregulated transcripts were downregulated. The re-expression of embryonic myosin in myofibers and the upregulation of mRNAs encoding the γ-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and myogenin that begins in late middle age suggest that one mechanism driving sarcopenia is the disruption of neuromuscular connectivity. We conclude that sarcopenia in rats, as in humans, has a long preclinical phase in which muscle undergoes extensive remodeling to maintain muscle mass and function. At later time points, these adaptive mechanisms fail, and sarcopenia becomes clinically manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max GrönholdtKlein
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ali Gorzi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Lingzhan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China;
| | - Erik Edström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mikael Altun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
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Diniz JDS, Nascimento DDC, Sousa Neto IVD, Alves VP, Stone W, Prestes J, Beal FLR. Muscle performance in octogenarians: Factors affecting dynapenia. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:14-20. [PMID: 37330759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The muscle performance is associated with several health outcomes in adults, however modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in octogenarians have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential risk factors that negatively affect muscle strength in octogenarians. METHODS This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 87 older adult participants (56 women and 31 men) attending a geriatric clinic. General anthropometrics, health history, and body composition data were collected. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and the percentage of body fat were identified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and muscle quality index (MQI) was defined as the ratio of HGS by upper limbs ASMM. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine predictive factors of the muscle strength. RESULTS Females had lower HGS (1.39 kg) than male participants (p = 0.034). An increase of one unit MQI was associated with an increase of 3.38 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). Each additional year of age was associated with a decrease of 0.12 kg in the HGS (p = 0.047). Regarding ASMM, an increase of one unit was associated with an increase of 0.98 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). There was no association between dynapenia, body fat percentage, diseases and polypharmacy (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The gender, age, MQI, and ASMM influenced muscle strength of octogenarians. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors are relevant to improve our understanding of age-related complications and outline treatment guidance by healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce de Sousa Diniz
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Paulo Alves
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Whitley Stone
- School of Kinesiology Recreation and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Fabiani Lage Rodrigues Beal
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Health and Medicine School, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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Prokopidis K, Mazidi M, Sankaranarayanan R, Tajik B, McArdle A, Isanejad M. Effects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:759-770. [PMID: 35706399 PMCID: PMC9975787 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-grade inflammation is a mediator of muscle proteostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of isolated whey and soy proteins on inflammatory markers. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials (RCT) through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception until September 2021. To determine the effectiveness of isolated proteins on circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42021252603). RESULTS Thirty-one RCT met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A significant reduction of circulating IL-6 levels following whey protein [Mean Difference (MD): -0·79, 95 % CI: -1·15, -0·42, I2 = 96 %] and TNF-α levels following soy protein supplementation (MD: -0·16, 95 % CI: -0·26, -0·05, I2 = 68 %) was observed. The addition of soy isoflavones exerted a further decline in circulating TNF-α levels (MD: -0·20, 95 % CI: -0·31, -0·08, I2 = 34 %). According to subgroup analysis, whey protein led to a statistically significant decrease in circulating IL-6 levels in individuals with sarcopenia and pre-frailty (MD: -0·98, 95 % CI: -1·56, -0·39, I2 = 0 %). These findings may be dependent on participant characteristics and treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS These data support that whey and soy protein supplementation elicit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels, respectively. This effect may be enhanced by soy isoflavones and may be more prominent in individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Behnam Tajik
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne McArdle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Corresponding author: Masoud Isanejad, email
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Hilt PM, Bertrand MF, Féasson L, Lebon F, Mourey F, Ruffino C, Rozand V. Motor Imagery Training Is Beneficial for Motor Memory of Upper and Lower Limb Tasks in Very Old Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3541. [PMID: 36834234 PMCID: PMC9963345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human aging is associated with a decline in the capacity to memorize recently acquired motor skills. Motor imagery training is a beneficial method to compensate for this deterioration in old adults. It is not yet known whether these beneficial effects are maintained in very old adults (>80 years), who are more affected by the degeneration processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental training session of motor imagery on the memorization of new motor skills acquired through physical practice in very old adults. Thus, 30 very old adults performed 3 actual trials of a manual dexterity task (session 1) or a sequential footstep task (session 2) as fast as they could before and after a 20 min motor imagery training (mental-training group) or watching a documentary for 20 min (control group). Performance was improved after three actual trials for both tasks and both groups. For the control group, performance decreased in the manual dexterity task after the 20 min break and remained stable in the sequential footstep task. For the mental-training group, performance was maintained in the manual dexterity task after the 20 min motor imagery training and increased in the sequential footstep task. These results extended the benefits of motor imagery training to the very old population, showing that even a short motor imagery training session improved their performance and favored the motor memory process. These results confirmed that motor imagery training is an effective method to complement traditional rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M. Hilt
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde F. Bertrand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CHU Saint-Etienne, Myology Unit, Referent Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florent Lebon
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - France Mourey
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Célia Ruffino
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratory Culture Sport Health and Society (C3S−UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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10
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Xu S. Construction and validation of an aging-related gene signature predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1022265. [PMID: 36741321 PMCID: PMC9889561 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1022265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with a high mortality rate and worse prognosis. Recently, public databases and bioinformatics tools make it easy to develop the prognostic risk model of pancreatic cancer, but the aging-related risk signature has not been reported. The present study aimed to identify an aging-related risk signature with potential prognostic value for pancreatic cancer patients. Method: Gene expression profiling and human clinical information of pancreatic cancer were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Aging-related gene sets were downloaded from The Molecular Signatures Database and aging-related genes were obtained from the Human Ageing Genomic Resources database. Firstly, Gene set enrichment analysis was carried out to investigate the role of aging process in pancreatic cancer. Secondly, differentially expressed genes and aging-related prognostic genes were screened on the basis of the overall survival information. Then, univariate COX and LASSO analysis were performed to establish an aging-related risk signature of pancreatic cancer patients. To facilitate clinical application, a nomogram was established to predict the survival rates of PCa patients. The correlations of risk score with clinical features and immune status were evaluated. Finally, potential therapeutic drugs were screened based on the connectivity map (Cmap) database and verified by molecular docking. For further validation, the protein levels of aging-related genes in normal and tumor tissues were detected in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Result: The genes of pancreatic cancer were markedly enriched in several aging-associated signaling pathways. We identified 14 key aging-related genes related to prognosis from 9,020 differentially expressed genes and establish an aging-related risk signature. This risk model indicated a strong prognostic capability both in the training set of TCGA cohort and the validation set of PACA-CA cohort and GSE62452 cohort. A nomogram combining risk score and clinical variables was built, and calibration curve and Decision curve analysis (DCA) have proved that it has a good predictive value. Additionally, the risk score was tightly linked with tumor immune microenvironment, immune checkpoints and proinflammatory factors. Moreover, a candidate drug, BRD-A47144777, was screened and verified by molecular docking, indicating this drug has the potential to treat PCa. The protein expression levels of GSK3B, SERPINE1, TOP2A, FEN1 and HIC1 were consistent with our predicted results. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identified an aging-related signature and nomogram with high prediction performance of survival and immune cell infiltration for pancreatic cancer. This signature might potentially help in providing personalized immunotherapy for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengchuan Wang
- Office of Medical Ethics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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11
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Felipe SGB, Parreira Batista P, da Silva CCR, de Melo RC, de Assumpção D, Perracini MR. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility of older adults: A scoping review. Int J Older People Nurs 2023; 18:e12496. [PMID: 35941278 PMCID: PMC9538411 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify the most frequent determinants of contact limitation on older adults' mobility addressed by the recommendations to mitigate mobility limitation during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the recommendations characteristics and means of dissemination that might guide coping actions. BACKGROUND Measures for physical contact restriction were implemented to prevent COVID-19 spread. These measures directly impacted older people, reducing their mobility, especially outside home environment. Health systems worldwide need to be prepared to implement strategies to mitigate negative effects of reduced mobility in this population. DESIGN Scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. METHOD Therefore, a scoping review was conducted in LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS databases. Documents and reports with recommendations from government agencies were also consulted. Results were presented in a narrative synthesis based on a conceptual model of mobility proposed by Webber (The Gerontologist, 2010, 50, 443) regarding the most frequently addressed determinants, characteristics of the proposed interventions, and means of dissemination for the older person population. FINDINGS Twenty-eight studies were selected for the final sample. According to Webber's model, most articles (n = 14) presented the impacts on mobility from the perspective of physical determinants, relating this aspect to biological losses in the musculoskeletal system, and a minority assessed mobility in vital spaces, encompassing environmental (n = 3) and financial (n = 1) determinants. Also, the most frequent recommendation was that physical activity promotes maintenance of mobility and prevents the occurrence of adverse results, such as falls, fractures and functional decline. As to dissemination, digital technologies were recognised as a strategy to motivate, instruct and monitor exercise practice to increase mobility in older adults. CONCLUSION The main conditions related to the decline in mobility of older adults during COVID-19 pandemic were physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle. The practice of physical activity is widespread and needs to be adapted according to individual needs. Finally, digital technologies are essential tools in this period, but other alternatives should also be considered for low-income seniors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE It is hoped that the gaps identified through this scoping review can help enhance the discussion on the broader assessment of mobility in older adults and the design of interventions when contact restriction is a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Rodrigues Perracini
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSão PauloBrazil
- Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID)São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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12
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Rodrigues P, Trajano GS, Stewart IB, Minett GM. Potential role of passively increased muscle temperature on contractile function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2153-2162. [PMID: 35771296 PMCID: PMC9463203 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Declines in muscle force, power, and contractile function can be observed in older adults, clinical populations, inactive individuals, and injured athletes. Passive heating exposure (e.g., hot baths, sauna, or heated garments) has been used for health purposes, including skeletal muscle treatment. An acute increase in muscle temperature by passive heating can increase the voluntary rate of force development and electrically evoked contraction properties (i.e., time to peak twitch torque, half-relation time, and electromechanical delay). The improvements in the rate of force development and evoked contraction assessments with increased muscle temperature after passive heating reveal peripheral mechanisms’ potential role in enhancing muscle contraction. This review aimed to summarise, discuss, and highlight the potential role of an acute passive heating stimulus on skeletal muscle cells to improve contractile function. These mechanisms include increased calcium kinetics (release/reuptake), calcium sensitivity, and increased intramuscular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rodrigues
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, A Wing O Block, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, A Wing O Block, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Ian B Stewart
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, A Wing O Block, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Minett
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, A Wing O Block, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
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13
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Han Y, Zhang L, Fang Y. Multidimensional Disability Evaluation and Confirmatory Analysis of Older Adults in a Home-Based Community in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:899303. [PMID: 35801251 PMCID: PMC9253425 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.899303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust multi-dimensional disability assessment standard was constructed to consider physical condition, care resources, and social interaction that might lead to disability, to provide a basis for accurate identification of care needs for older people aged 60 and above in a home-based community. Based on the “Capability approach” theory, the Alkire-Foster method was applied to assess the multidimensional disability. This was followed by the confirmatory analysis of the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation. Adjusted Bourguignon and Chakravarty index was also calculated to analyze the sensitivity to further support our conclusions. We constructed a multi-dimensional disability indicator system by combining physical condition, care resources, and social interaction. Findings presented that the impairment of individuals' motor ability, ability to manage disease, cognitive psychology, and communication skills and social interaction contributed to multidimensional disability the most. And older people who are female, aged over 65, with lower BMI, living in rural areas, with a lower education level, getting more formal care, and with relatively higher creatinine, tend to face a higher risk of deprivation in overall multidimensional disability. Therefore, the targeted interventions to improve health literacy, nutrition, skill of disease management, social networks, and communication skills for older people and also timely detection of the abnormal changes in potential biomarker indicators of them is necessary to delay disability and prevent its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liangwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Ya Fang
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14
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Venturelli M, Reggiani C, Schena F. Beyond the current knowledge on sarcopenia: new insight on neuromuscular factors. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1183-1185. [PMID: 35156180 PMCID: PMC9135861 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Varesco G, Luneau E, Féasson L, Lapole T, Rozand V. Very old adults show impaired fatigue resistance compared to old adults independently of sex during a knee-extensors isometric test. Exp Gerontol 2022; 161:111732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Ikemoto‐Uezumi M, Zhou H, Kurosawa T, Yoshimoto Y, Toyoda M, Kanazawa N, Nakazawa T, Morita M, Tsuchida K, Uezumi A. Increased MFG-E8 at neuromuscular junctions is an exacerbating factor for sarcopenia-associated denervation. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13536. [PMID: 34953020 PMCID: PMC8761010 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an important health problem associated with adverse outcomes. Although the etiology of sarcopenia remains poorly understood, factors apart from muscle fibers, including humoral factors, might be involved. Here, we used cytokine antibody arrays to identify humoral factors involved in sarcopenia and found a significant increase in levels of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG‐E8) in skeletal muscle of aged mice, compared with young mice. We found that the increase in MFG‐E8 protein at arterial walls and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in muscles of aged mice. High levels of MFG‐E8 at NMJs and an age‐related increase in arterial MFG‐E8 have also been identified in human skeletal muscle. In NMJs, MFG‐E8 is localized on the surface of terminal Schwann cells, which are important accessory cells for the maintenance of NMJs. We found that increased MFG‐E8 at NMJs precedes age‐related denervation and is more prominent in sarcopenia‐susceptible fast‐twitch than in sarcopenia‐resistant slow‐twitch muscle. Comparison between fast and slow muscles further revealed that arterial MFG‐E8 can be uncoupled from sarcopenic phenotype. A genetic deficiency in MFG‐E8 attenuated age‐related denervation of NMJs and muscle weakness, providing evidence of a pathogenic role of increased MFG‐E8. Thus, our study revealed a mechanism by which increased MFG‐E8 at NMJs leads to age‐related NMJ degeneration and suggests that targeting MFG‐E8 could be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ikemoto‐Uezumi
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Tokyo Japan
| | - Heying Zhou
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Tokyo Japan
| | - Tamaki Kurosawa
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences Tokyo University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Nobuo Kanazawa
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Tokyo Japan
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Harris-Love MO, Gollie JM, Keogh JWL. Eccentric Exercise: Adaptations and Applications for Health and Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:96. [PMID: 34842737 PMCID: PMC8628948 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of this narrative review are to provide a brief overview of the muscle and tendon adaptations to eccentric resistance exercise and address the applications of this form of training to aid rehabilitative interventions and enhance sports performance. This work is centered on the author contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Eccentric Exercise: Adaptations and Applications for Health and Performance". The major themes from the contributing authors include the need to place greater attention on eccentric exercise mode selection based on training goals and individual fitness level, optimal approaches to implementing eccentric resistance exercise for therapeutic purposes, factors that affect the use of eccentric exercise across the lifespan, and general recommendations to integrate eccentric exercise in athletic training regimens. The authors propose that movement velocity and the absorption or recovery of kinetic energy are critical components of eccentric exercise programming. Regarding the therapeutic use of eccentric resistance training, patient-level factors regarding condition severity, fitness level, and stage of rehabilitation should govern the plan of care. In athletic populations, use of eccentric exercise may improve movement competency and promote improved safety and performance of sport-specific tasks. Eccentric resistance training is a viable option for youth, young adults, and older adults when the exercise prescription appropriately addresses program goals, exercise tolerability, and compliance. Despite the benefits of eccentric exercise, several key questions remain unanswered regarding its application underscoring the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Harris-Love
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics, and Performance Laboratory, Geriatrics Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA;
| | - Jared M. Gollie
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics, and Performance Laboratory, Geriatrics Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA;
- Department of Health, Human Function, and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Justin W. L. Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia;
- Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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18
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Varesco G, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Lapole T, Decourt A, Gueugneau M, Barthélémy JC, Roche F, Bechet D, Féasson L, Rozand V. Association between physical activity, quadriceps muscle performance and biological characteristics of very old men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:47-54. [PMID: 34406381 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the association between physical activity, knee extensors (KE) performance (i.e. isometric strength and fatigability) and biological parameters (i.e. muscle structural, microvascular and metabolic properties) in healthy very old men and women. Thirty very old adults (82±1 yr, 15 women) performed an isometric quadriceps intermittent fatigue (QIF) test for the assessment of KE maximal force, total work (index of absolute performance) and fatigability. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were collected to assess muscle fibers type and morphology, microvasculature and enzymes activity. Correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationships between physical activity (steps.day -1, actimetry), KE performance, and biological data for each sex separately.Men, compared to women, showed greater total work at the QIF test (44497±8629 N.s vs. 26946±4707 N.s; P<0.001). Steps.day -1 were correlated with total work only for women (r=0.73, P=0.011). In men, steps.day -1 were correlated with the percentage (r=0.57, P=0.033), shape factor (r=0.75, P = 0.002) and capillary tortuosity of type IIX fibers (r=0.59, P=0.035). No other relevant correlations were observed for men or women between steps.day -1 and biological parameters. Physical activity level was positively associated with the capacity of very old women to perform a fatiguing test, but not maximal force production capacity of the KE. Physical activity of very old men was not correlated with muscle performance. We suggest that very old women could be at higher risk of autonomy loss and increasing the steps.day -1 count could provide a sufficient stimulus for adaptations in less active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Varesco
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alice Decourt
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Frédéric Roche
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire SNA-EPIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Daniel Bechet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France.,Unité de Myologie, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Euro-NmD, CHU de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France
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Heavy Resistance Training in Older Adults: Effects of Type Exercise on Functional Capacity, Maximal Muscle Strength and Power. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Nogueira Paranhos Amorim D, Nascimento DC, Stone W, Alves VP, Moraes CF, Coelho Vilaça E Silva KH. Muscle Quality Is Associated with History of Falls in Octogenarians. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:120-125. [PMID: 33367472 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare muscle quality (MQ) between octogenarians classified as non-fallers, fallers and recurrent fallers and identify confounding intrinsic and extrensic factors that impact likelihood for falls. DESIGN This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included older adults (N=220) aged 80 years or older. MEASUREMENTS The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to evaluate physical function and MQ was calculated using the ratio of grip strength to arm muscle mass (in kilograms) quantified by DXA. Variables related to sociodemographic, clinical, cognitive function, and falls were evaluated using a questionnaire and symptoms of depression were evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to verify differences between groups. Binomial logistic regression was performed to determine the impact of age, depression, polypharmacy, balance, MQ, and sex on participants having more than four falls in their history. RESULTS Increasing MQ was associated with reduced likelihood of more than four falls in their history. Non-fallers were statistically younger (p = 0.012) and took more medications (p = 0.023) than recurrent fallers. Recurrent fallers had lower MQ when compared with fallers (p = 0.007) and non-fallers (p = 0.001) and had a lower GDS score when compared with fallers (p = 0.022). Finally, fallers presented lower scores for balance when compared to non-fallers (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION A higher MQ is associated with a reduction in the likelihood falls in octogenarians. Therefore, it may be advantageous for clinicians to evaluate MQ when the screening of the risk of falls in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nogueira Paranhos Amorim
- Karla Helena Coelho Vilaça e Silva, Catholic University of Brasilia QS 07 - Lote 01 - EPCT - Taguatinga, Brasília/DF - CEP: 71966-700.
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21
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Regulation of microRNAs in Satellite Cell Renewal, Muscle Function, Sarcopenia and the Role of Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186732. [PMID: 32937893 PMCID: PMC7555198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a condition of progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with a higher risk of falls and fractures in older adults. Musculoskeletal aging leads to reduced muscle mass and strength, affecting the quality of life in elderly people. In recent years, several studies contributed to improve the knowledge of the pathophysiological alterations that lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are still not fully understood. Muscle development and homeostasis require a fine gene expression modulation by mechanisms in which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role. miRNAs modulate key steps of skeletal myogenesis including satellite cells renewal, skeletal muscle plasticity, and regeneration. Here, we provide an overview of the general aspects of muscle regeneration and miRNAs role in skeletal mass homeostasis and plasticity with a special interest in their expression in sarcopenia and skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in the elderly.
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22
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Bouça-Machado R, Venturelli M, Tinazzi M, Schena F, Ferreira JJ. Treating Patients Like Athletes: Sports Science Applied to Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:228. [PMID: 32300330 PMCID: PMC7145393 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence demonstrating the benefits of exercise is indisputable for healthy subjects, and more recently, it is growing for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Due to its easy access, low cost, social facilitation and, above all, the symptomatic effect, clinical exercise may have a profound impact on PD management. Especially considering that in recent decades there have been no major advances from the pharmacological point of view. Despite this, clinical exercise use it stills limited by the existent flaws in the available evidence supporting its use and guiding its prescription as a PD therapeutic intervention. We believe that a approach from the most relevant scientific and clinical fields is crucial to establish the use of clinical exercise in PD patients' routine care. Therefore, in this viewpoint, we aim to highlight the importance of clinical exercise as a therapeutic intervention in PD, and particularly of the benefits of applying sports science principles to potentiate the use of clinical exercise as a therapeutic intervention in PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bouça-Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joaquim J. Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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23
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Naro F, Venturelli M, Monaco L, Toniolo L, Muti E, Milanese C, Zhao J, Richardson RS, Schena F, Reggiani C. Corrigendum: Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size and Gene Expression in the Oldest-Old With Differing Degrees of Mobility. Front Physiol 2020; 11:127. [PMID: 32161550 PMCID: PMC7052352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ettore Muti
- Monsignor Arrigo Mazzali Foundation, Mantova, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jia Zhao
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
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24
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Bone and skeletal muscle changes in oldest-old women: the role of physical inactivity. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:207-214. [PMID: 31535334 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in bone and muscle parameters related to advanced aging and physical inactivity have never been investigated in oldest-old women. AIMS To investigate the impact of physical inactivity on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition at the systemic and regional levels in oldest-old (> 75 years old) women. We hypothesized that, further to aging, alterations in bone and body composition parameters are exacerbated in the locomotor limbs that have experienced physical inactivity. METHODS Whole-body and regional (lower limbs and trunk) BMD and fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM) were measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 11 oldest-old wheelchair-bound women (OIW), 11 oldest-old mobile women (OMW), and 11 young healthy women (YW), all matched for weight (± 10 kg), height (± 10 cm). RESULTS Whole-body BMD was reduced by 15% from YW to OMW and 10% from OMW to OIW. Whole-body FFSTM was also reduced from YW to OIW (- 13%). Lower limb BMD was progressively reduced among YW, OMW and OIW (- 23%). Similarly, lower limb FFSTM was reduced among YW (12,816 ± 1797 g), OMW (11,999 ± 1512 g) and OIW (10,037 ± 1489 g). Trunk BMD was progressively reduced among YW, OMW and OIW (- 19%), while FFSTM was similar among the three groups ~ 19801 g. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that the alterations in bone and body composition parameters are exacerbated in the physical inactive oldest-old. These negative effects of physical inactivity are not confined to the locomotor limbs, and a systemic decline of bone and muscle parameters are likely associated with the physical inactivity.
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Varesco G, Espeit L, Feasson L, Lapole T, Rozand V. Rate of force development and rapid muscle activation characteristics of knee extensors in very old men. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110640. [PMID: 31252160 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The age-related decrease in neuromuscular performance is usually accentuated in very old age (>80 yr) as evidenced by a marked reduction in maximal force production. However, little is known about the ability to rapidly produce force, which limits daily activities and increase the risk of falling. We aimed to assess rapid force production characteristics and rate of muscle activation of the knee extensors in 15 very old (82 ± 1 yr) vs 12 young (24 ± 4 yr) men. Maximal force (Fmax) and maximal rate of force development (RFDmax) were determined during separated specific isometric contractions. EMG from the vastus lateralis was analyzed to assess the rate of EMG rise (RER). Finally, RFD and RER were examined at time intervals of 0-50, 50-100, 100-200, 0-200 ms and 0-30, 0-50, 0-75 ms, respectively. We reported lower Fmax (414 ± 91 N vs. 661 ± 139 N) and absolute RFDmax (8720 ± 2056 N*s-1vs. 5700 ± 2474 N*s-1) in the very old men compared to young men (P < 0.01). When normalized to Fmax, RFDmax was similar between groups. Normalized RFD at 0-50 and 0-200 ms were lower (-34% and - 46%, P = 0.04) for the very old men, while no difference was observed at 50-100 ms and 100-200 ms. RER values were higher (~346%, P < 0.01) for the young men at every time interval. These data suggest that the decline in RFDmax is associated with the decrease in Fmax. Impairments in RFD were accentuated in the first phase of the contraction, which has been associated in the literature with impairments in neural factors associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Varesco
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Loïc Espeit
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Léonard Feasson
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Unité de Myologie, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares - Euro-NmD, CHU de Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint Etienne, France.
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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Venturelli M, Villa F, Ruzzante F, Tarperi C, Rudi D, Milanese C, Cavedon V, Fonte C, Picelli A, Smania N, Calabria E, Skafidas S, Layec G, Schena F. Neuromuscular and Muscle Metabolic Functions in MELAS Before and After Resistance Training: A Case Study. Front Physiol 2019; 10:503. [PMID: 31105594 PMCID: PMC6498991 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and recurrent stroke-like episodes syndrome (MELAS) is a rare degenerative disease. Recent studies have shown that resistant training (RT) can ameliorate muscular force in mitochondrial diseases. However, the effects of RT in MELAS are unknown. The aim of this case report was to investigate the effects of RT on skeletal muscle and mitochondrial function in a 21-years old patient with MELAS. RT included 12 weeks of RT at 85% of 1 repetition maximum. Body composition (DXA), in vivo mitochondrial respiration capacity (mVO2) utilizing Near-infrared spectroscopy on the right plantar-flexor muscles, maximal voluntary torque (MVC), electrically evoked resting twitch (EET) and maximal voluntary activation (VMA) of the right leg extensors (LE) muscles were measured with the interpolated twitch technique. The participant with MELAS exhibited a marked increase in body mass (1.4 kg) and thigh muscle mass (0.3 kg). After the training period MVC (+5.5 Nm), EET (+2.1 N⋅m) and VMA (+13.1%) were ameliorated. Data of mVO2 revealed negligible changes in the end-exercise mVO2 (0.02 mM min-1), Δ mVO2 (0.09 mM min-1), while there was a marked amelioration in the kinetics of mVO2 (τ mVO2; Δ70.2 s). This is the first report of RT-induced ameliorations on skeletal muscle and mitochondrial function in MELAS. This case study suggests a preserved plasticity in the skeletal muscle of a patient with MELAS. RT appears to be an effective method to increase skeletal muscle function, and this effect is mediated by both neuromuscular and mitochondrial adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Ruzzante
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Doriana Rudi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Cavedon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Fonte
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Picelli
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Smania
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Calabria
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Spyros Skafidas
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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27
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Naro F, Venturelli M, Monaco L, Toniolo L, Muti E, Milanese C, Zhao J, Richardson RS, Schena F, Reggiani C. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size and Gene Expression in the Oldest-Old With Differing Degrees of Mobility. Front Physiol 2019; 10:313. [PMID: 30971947 PMCID: PMC6443969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oldest-old, in the ninth and tenth decades of their life, represent a population characterized by neuromuscular impairment, which often implies a loss of mobility and independence. As recently documented by us and others, muscle atrophy and weakness are accompanied by an unexpected preservation of the size and contractile function of skeletal muscle fibers. This suggests that, while most fibers are likely lost with their respective motoneurons, the surviving fibers are well preserved. Here, we investigated the mechanisms behind this fiber preservation and the relevance of physical activity, by comparing a group of 6 young healthy controls (YG: 22-28 years) with two groups of oldest-old (81-96 years), one able to walk (OW: n = 6, average 86 years) and one confined to a wheelchair (ONW n = 9, average 88 years). We confirmed previous results of fiber preservation and, additionally, observed a shift in fiber type, toward slow predominance in OW and fast predominance in ONW. Myonuclear density was increased in muscles of ONW, compared to YG and OW, potentially indicative of an ongoing atrophy process. We analyzed, by RT-qPCR, the expression of genes relevant for fiber size and type regulation in a biopsy sample from the vastus lateralis. In all oldest-old both myostatin and IGF-1 expression were attenuated compared to YG, however, in ONW two specific IGF-1 isoforms, IGF-1EA and MGF, demonstrated a further significant decrease compared to OW. Surprisingly, atrogenes (MURF1 and atrogin) expression was also significantly reduced compared to YG and this was accompanied by a close to statistically significantly attenuated marker of autophagy, LC3. Among the determinants of the metabolic fiber type, PGC1α was significantly reduced in both OW and ONW compared to YG, while AMPK was down-regulated only in ONW. We conclude that, in contrast to the shift of the balance in favor of pro-atrophy factors found by other studies in older adults (decreased IGF-1, increase of myostatin, increase of atrogenes), in the oldest-old the pro-atrophy factors also appear to be down-regulated, allowing a partial recovery of the proteostasis balance. Furthermore, the impact of muscle activity, as a consequence of lost or preserved walking ability, is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ettore Muti
- Monsignor Arrigo Mazzali Foundation, Mantova, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jia Zhao
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
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