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Kawakami R, Yamakawa S, Konda S, Ogasawara I, Hasegawa R, Yamasaki K, Kanamoto T, Yokoyama T, Yoshida A, Marutani Y, Ueda Y, Mitsuoka H, Horie S, Horio D, Nakata K. Characteristics of physical activity during beginner-level group tennis lessons and the effect daily activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:249. [PMID: 38167742 PMCID: PMC10761839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tennis is a popular leisure sport, and studies have indicated that playing tennis regularly provides many health benefits. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of physical activity during beginner-level group tennis lessons and daily physical activity of the participants. Physical activity was measured using an accelerometer sensor device for four weeks, including the 80-min duration tennis lessons held twice a week. Valid data were categorized for tennis and non-tennis days. The mean physical activity intensity during the tennis lesson was 3.37 METs. The mean ratio of short-bout rest periods to the tennis lesson time in 90 and 120 s was 7% and 4%, respectively. The mean physical activity intensity was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) and the duration of vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) was increased in 76% of participants on days with tennis lessons compared to without tennis lessons. Beginner-level tennis lesson has characteristics of less short-bout rest physical activity than previously reported competitive tennis match and increased the duration of VPA in daily activity compared to without tennis lessons, suggesting that beginner-level tennis lessons contribute physical activity of health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamakawa
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoji Konda
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Issei Ogasawara
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hasegawa
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Keita Yamasaki
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanamoto
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Teruki Yokoyama
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akiyo Yoshida
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Marutani
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Graduate School of Sport Science, Osaka University of Health and Sports Sciences, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0496, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hideo Mitsuoka
- GODAI Incorporated Educational Institution, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-6220, Japan
| | - Shintaro Horie
- GODAI Incorporated Educational Institution, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-6220, Japan
| | - Daigo Horio
- GODAI Incorporated Educational Institution, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-6220, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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Schleh MW, Ahn C, Ryan BJ, Chugh OK, Luker AT, Luker KE, Gillen JB, Ludzki AC, Van Pelt DW, Pitchford LM, Zhang T, Rode T, Howton SM, Burant CF, Horowitz JF. Both moderate- and high-intensity exercise training increase intramyocellular lipid droplet abundance and modify myocellular distribution in adults with obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E466-E479. [PMID: 37729021 PMCID: PMC10864005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training modifies lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, but the effect of exercise training on intramyocellular lipid droplet (LD) abundance, size, and intracellular distribution in adults with obesity remains elusive. This study compared high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with more conventional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intramyocellular lipid content, as well as LD characteristics (size and number) and abundance within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) regions of type I and type II skeletal muscle fibers in adults with obesity. Thirty-six adults with obesity [body mass index (BMI) = 33 ± 3 kg/m2] completed 12 wk (4 days/wk) of either HIIT (10 × 1 min, 90% HRmax + 1-min active recovery; n = 19) or MICT (45-min steady-state exercise, 70% HRmax; n = 17), while on a weight-maintaining diet throughout training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis before and after training, and intramyocellular lipid content and intracellular LD distribution were measured by immunofluorescence microscopy. Both MICT and HIIT increased total intramyocellular lipid content by more than 50% (P < 0.01), which was attributed to a greater LD number per µm2 in the IMF region of both type I and type II muscle fibers (P < 0.01). Our findings also suggest that LD lipophagy (autophagy-mediated LD degradation) may be transiently upregulated the day after the last exercise training session (P < 0.02 for both MICT and HIIT). In summary, exercise programs for adults with obesity involving either MICT or HIIT increased skeletal muscle LD abundance via a greater number of LDs in the IMF region of the myocyte, thereby providing more lipid in close proximity to the site of energy production during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, 12 wk of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhanced skeletal muscle lipid abundance by increasing lipid droplet number within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) region of muscle. Because the IMF associates with high energy production during muscle contraction, this adaptation may enhance lipid oxidation during exercise. Despite differences in training intensity and energy expenditure between MICT and HIIT, their effects on muscle lipid abundance and metabolism were remarkably similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Schleh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Benjamin J Ryan
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Olivia K Chugh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Austin T Luker
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Ludzki
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Douglas W Van Pelt
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lisa M Pitchford
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Suzette M Howton
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Charles F Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jeffrey F Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Ross M, Kargl CK, Ferguson R, Gavin TP, Hellsten Y. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis: impact of age, sex, angiocrines and cellular mediators. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-022-05128-6. [PMID: 36715739 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis is a well-known physiological adaptation that occurs in humans in response to exercise training and can lead to endurance performance benefits, as well as improvements in cardiovascular and skeletal tissue health. An increase in capillary density in skeletal muscle improves diffusive oxygen exchange and waste extraction, and thus greater fatigue resistance, which has application to athletes but also to the general population. Exercise-induced angiogenesis can significantly contribute to improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health, such as the increase in muscle glucose uptake, important for the prevention of diabetes. Recently, our understanding of the mechanisms by which angiogenesis occurs with exercise has grown substantially. This review will detail the biochemical, cellular and biomechanical signals for exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis, including recent work on extracellular vesicles and circulating angiogenic cells. In addition, the influence of age, sex, exercise intensity/duration, as well as recent observations with the use of blood flow restricted exercise, will also be discussed in detail. This review will provide academics and practitioners with mechanistic and applied evidence for optimising training interventions to promote physical performance through manipulating capillarisation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ross
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Christopher K Kargl
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Richard Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Salus M, Tillmann V, Remmel L, Unt E, Mäestu E, Parm Ü, Mägi A, Tali M, Jürimäe J. Effect of supervised sprint interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in adolescent boys with obesity. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:2010-2017. [PMID: 36126151 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a supervised 12-week sprint interval training (SIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in adolescent boys with obesity. Twenty-eight adolescents with obesity were allocated to either an intervention group (SIT) (13.1 ± 0.3 yrs; body mass index [BMI]: 30.3 ± 0.9 kg.m-2) or a control group (CONT) (13.7 ± 0.4 yrs; BMI: 32.6 ± 1.6 kg.m-2). The SIT group performed 4-6 × 30s "all-out" cycling bouts, interspersed with 4 min of recovery 3 days a week for 12 weeks. CRF was measured by direct peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) defined as VO2peak per kg of body mass (mL.min-1kg-1) or by VO2peak per kg of lean body mass (mL.min-1LBM-1) and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. SIT intervention led to a significant and large between-group difference in VO2peak (p = 0.004; η2 = 0.29). Although SIT group had a significant reduction in body fat percentage (BF%) (from 41.1 ± 1.3% to 39.2 ± 1.5%; p = 0.006), there were no between-group differences in the change of the pre- and post-measures in BF% (p = 0.067). In conclusion, 12-week SIT is effective in increasing CRF and decreasing BF% in adolescent boys with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Salus
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Parm
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Mägi
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Tali
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Hu M, Shi Q, Sun S, Hong HI, Zhang H, Qi F, Zou L, Nie J. Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet With or Without Exercise on Anxiety and Eating Behavior and Associated Changes in Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Young Women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:894916. [PMID: 35873416 PMCID: PMC9298497 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.894916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effectiveness of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) on weight loss and exercise for improving cardiometabolic fitness have been well documented in the literature, but the effects of LCDs and whether adding exercise to a LCD regime could additionally benefit mental health (e. g., by lowering the level of anxiety) and associated changes in eating behavior are less clear in overweight and obese populations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a 4-week LCD with or without exercise on anxiety and eating behavior, and to explore the associations between changes in the psychological state and physiological parameters (i.e., body composition, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, lipid profile, and metabolic hormones). Methods Seventy-four overweight Chinese women [age: 20.8 ± 3.0 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.3 ± 3.3 kg·m-2] completed the 4-week randomized controlled trial, which included a LCD group (i.e., ~50 g daily carbohydrate intake) with exercise training 5 days/week (LC-EXE, n = 26), a LCD group without exercise training (LC-CON, n = 25) and a control group that did not modify their habitual diets and physical activity (CON, n = 23). Levels of anxiety, eating behavior scores and physiological parameters (i.e., body weight, V̇O2peak, blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood lipids, and serum metabolic hormones including insulin, C-peptide, leptin, and ghrelin) were measured before and after the intervention. Results There were significant reductions in anxiety levels in the LC-EXE compared with the LC-CON group, while no statistical changes were found in eating behaviors in any conditions after the 4-week intervention. Significant reduction in weight (~3.0 kg or 4%, p < 0.01) and decreases in insulin (~30% p < 0.01), C-peptide (~20% p < 0.01), and leptin (~40%, p < 0.01) were found in both LC-CON and LC-EXE groups, but adding exercise to a LCD regime generated no additional effects. There were significant improvements in V̇O2peak (~15% p < 0.01) and anxiety (~25% p < 0.01) in the LC-EXE compared with the LC-CON group, while no statistical differences were found between CON and LC-CON treatments. Further analysis revealed a negative association (r = -0.32, p < 0.01) between changes in levels of anxiety and changes in V̇O2peak in all participates, no other correlations were found between changes in psychological and physiological parameters. Conclusion Although the combination of a LCD and exercise may not induce additional reductions in body weight in overweight young females, exercise could be a useful add-on treatment along with a LCD to improve cardiometabolic health and lower anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Hu
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shengyan Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Hin Ieong Hong
- Chan Sui Ki Perpetual Help College, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengxue Qi
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Tsirigkakis S, Koutedakis Y, Mastorakos G, Stavrinou PS, Mougios V, Bogdanis GC. Physiological, perceptual and affective responses to high-intensity interval training using two work-matched programs with different bout duration in obese males. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:199-205. [PMID: 35510254 PMCID: PMC9035702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared physiological, perceptual, and affective responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) between two work-matched programs with different bout durations in obese males. Methods Sixteen low-to-moderately active obese men completed an eight-week cycling program of supervised HIIT (3 days/week) using either short bouts [48 × 10 s at 100% of peak power output (PPO) with 15 s of recovery (HIIT10)] or long bouts [8 × 60 s at 100% PPO with 90 s of recovery (HIIT60)]. Workload was progressively adjusted, to maintain high intensity (100% PPO), throughout training. Blood lactate (BLa), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale ratings (pleasure/displeasure) were measured in each HIIT session. Results Average HR decreased in the last 2 weeks of training in both groups by 2.2 ± 1.8% of peak HR (p < 0.001). Training resulted in a reduction in BLa during exercise by 28 ± 19% (p < 0.001) from the 10th min onward only in HIIT10. Similarly, during the last weeks of training, RPE decreased (by 1.0 ± 1.1 units, p < 0.05) and feeling scale ratings were improved only in HIIT10, while RPE remained unchanged and feeling scale ratings deteriorated in HIIT60 (from 3.0 ± 1.1 to 2.1 ± 0.9 units, p < 0.001). No differences in post-exercise enjoyment were found. Conclusion Both HIIT formats induced similar HR adaptations, but improvement of BLa, perceptual and affective responses occurred only when bout duration was shorter. Our findings suggest that, in low-to-moderately active obese men, HIIT may be more effective in improving metabolic, perceptual, and affective responses when shorter, rather than longer, bouts of exercise are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Tsirigkakis
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Metabolism and Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237, Athens, Greece
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Murillo S, Brugnara L, Servitja JM, Novials A. High Intensity Interval Training reduces hypoglycemic events compared with continuous aerobic training in individuals with type 1 diabetes: HIIT and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2022; 48:101361. [PMID: 35714884 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS to investigate if a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) protocol improves glycemic control and fitness capacity, compared to traditional moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) exercise. METHODS 30 sedentary individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 26 healthy controls were assigned to a 3-week HIIT or MICT protocol. Blood glucose levels by continuous glucose monitoring system and fitness status were compared before and after the study period. RESULTS During workouts, blood glucose levels remained stable in HIIT exercise (+3.2 ± 16.2 mg/dl (p = 0.43)), while decreased in MICT (-27.1 ± 17.5 mg/dl (p < 0.0001)) exercise. In addition, out of the 9 training sessions, HIIT volunteers needed to take carbohydrate supplements to avoid hypoglycemia in 0.56 ± 0.9 sessions, compared to 1.83 ± 0.5 sessions (p < 0.04) in MICT individuals. In the analysis of blood glucose levels between rest and training days (24h-period), training significantly reduced mean glycemic levels in both groups, but the MICT exercise results in an increase in the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes. The response to exercise seems to be attenuated in individuals with T1D, especially in HIIT group. CONCLUSION HIIT training results in a greater glycemic stability, with reduction of hypoglycemic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafin Murillo
- IDIBAPS, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Brugnara
- IDIBAPS, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Marc Servitja
- IDIBAPS, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- IDIBAPS, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q. Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on 24 h Movement Behaviors in Inactive Female University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127177. [PMID: 35742425 PMCID: PMC9223473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine if low-volume, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was associated with changes in 24-h movement behaviors. A quasi-experimental study design was used. We collected accelerometry data from 21 eligible participants who consistently wore an ActiGraph for a period of two-weeks. Differences in behaviors were analyzed using a paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to explore relationships with factors that impacted changes. The results indicated a compensatory increase in sedentary time (ST) (4.4 ± 6.0%, p < 0.01) and a decrease in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) (−7.3 ± 16.7%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), and total physical activity (TPA) increased following exercise (p < 0.001). Sleep duration and prolonged sedentary time were reduced (p < 0.05). Exercise intensity and aerobic capacity were associated with changes in ST. The results from the study indicate that participating in a low-volume HIIE encouraged participants who were previously inactive to become more active. The observations of increases in ST may have displaced a prolonged sitting time. The decrease in sleeping time observed may be reflecting an increased sleep quality in connection with increased higher-intensity PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13805885586
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Timmons JF, Beatty A, Stout C, Ivory A, Carroll C, Egan B. Increased Lean Body Mass After Bodyweight-Based High Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Obese Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35363598 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.2002247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The effects of 8 weeks of bodyweight exercise-based, high-intensity interval training (BWHIIT) on body composition and blood-based markers of metabolic health were investigated in overweight and obese, sedentary young men. Methods: In a parallel group, PRE-POST design, n = 30 men (age, 25.7 ± 4.3 y; body mass index, 27.7 ± 2.1 kg m-2; 26.1 ± 5.2% body fat) were randomized to BWHIIT (n = 20) or a control group (CON; n = 10). BWHIIT consisted of supervised, group-based training sessions (~30 minutes) performed 3 times weekly. Each session consisted of 6 high-intensity bodyweight-based exercises, with each exercise being performed for 4 minutes in the manner of 8 sets of 20 seconds of exercise, 10 seconds of rest. Prior to commencing training (PRE), and 36 h after the final training session (POST), an overnight fasted blood sample was drawn, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eighteen participants completed the intervention (CON, n = 9; BWHIIT, n = 9). Results: Lean body mass (LBM) was increased at POST in BWHIIT compared to CON (P = .011, η2p = .359), with the mean (95% confidence limits) increase in LBM from PRE to POST within BWHIIT being 1.23 (0.55, 1.92) kg. Body mass and fat mass were unchanged in both groups from PRE to POST. BWHIIT had no effect on serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, NEFA, hsCRP, or glucose. Conclusion: Eight weeks of bodyweight exercise-based high intensity interval training by overweight and obese sedentary young men increased LBM by ~2%, but fat mass and blood-based markers of metabolic health were unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan Egan
- Dublin City University
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
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10
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Marko DM, Finch MS, Mohammad A, MacNeil AJ, Klentrou P, MacPherson REK. Post-Exercise Serum from Humans Influences the Biological Tug of War of APP Processing in Human Neuronal Cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C614-C623. [PMID: 35196169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00418.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are becoming more prevalent in our aging society. One specific neuropathological hallmark of this disease is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which aggregate to form extra-neuronal plaques. Increased Aβ peptides are often observed well before symptoms of AD develop, highlighting the importance of targeting Aβ producing pathways early on in disease progression. Evidence indicates that exercise has the capacity to reduce Aβ peptide production in the brain however the mechanisms remain unknown. Exercise-induced signaling mediators could be the driving force behind some of the beneficial effects observed in the brain with exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine if post-exercise serum and the factors it contains can alter neuronal APP processing. Human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were differentiated with retinoic acid for 5 days and treated with 10% pre- or post-exercise serum from humans for 30 minutes. Cells were collected for analysis of acute (30 minutes; n=6) or adaptive (24 hours post-treatment; n=6) responses. There were no statistical differences in ADAM10 and BACE1 mRNA or protein expression with post-exercise serum treatment at either time point. However, there was an increase in the ratio of sAPPa to sAPPβ protein content (p=0.05) after 30 minutes of post-exercise serum treatment. Additionally, 30 minutes of post-exercise serum treatment increased ADAM10 (p=0.01) and BACE1 (p=0.02) activity. These findings suggest that post-exercise serum modulates important enzymes involved in APP processing, pushing the cascade towards the non-amyloidogenic arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Marko
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Finch
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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11
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Figueiredo C, Padilha C, Dorneles G, Peres A, Krüger K, Rosa Neto JC, Lira F. Type and Intensity as Key Variable of Exercise in Metainflammation diseases: A Review. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:743-767. [PMID: 34902867 DOI: 10.1055/a-1720-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations exhibit functions that vary between the anti- and pro-inflammatory spectrum, such as classic CD16- and non-classical CD16+ monocytes, as well as T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2), the Th1/Th17 lymphocytes ratio, and T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg). Metabolic disease-associated inflammation is accompanied by an imbalance in monocyte and lymphocyte phenotypes and functionality, as well as a stronger proportion of inflammatory subpopulations. These changes appear to be important for the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical exercise is an important tool to restore the functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes, and to balance the subtypes ratio. However, key variables regarding exercise prescription, such as the type of exercise, intensity, and volume differentially impact on the acute and chronic immune response in individuals diagnosed with meta inflammation diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of different physical exercise protocols, acutely and chronically, on monocytes and lymphocytes of individuals with metabolic disease-associated inflammation. In this review, we focus on the best effects of different exercise protocols to dose the "exercise pill" in different inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Figueiredo
- Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Camila Padilha
- Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Dept. of Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Science, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Fábio Lira
- Department of Physical Education, Unesp, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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12
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Solera-Martínez M, Herraiz-Adillo Á, Manzanares-Domínguez I, De La Cruz LL, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP. High-Intensity Interval Training and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-050810. [PMID: 34497117 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and adults; nevertheless, the available evidence in children is scarce. OBJECTIVE To synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of HIIT interventions on improving cardiovascular risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children from 5 to 12 years old. DATA SOURCES We searched 5 databases, Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of HIIT interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors and CRF in children were included. DATA EXTRACTION Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on body composition, cardiometabolic and CRF variables in comparison with nontraining control groups. RESULTS A total of 11 RCTs and 512 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant improvement in peak oxygen uptake (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28 to 1.12; P = 0.001], in total cholesterol [SMD = -1.09, 95% CI = -1.88 to -0.30; P = 0.007], in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD = -1.28, 95% CI = -2.34 to -0.23; P = 0.017] and triglycerides [SMD = -0.71, 95% CI = -1.15 to -0.28; P = 0.001) levels. LIMITATIONS Because of the small number of available RCTs, it was not possible to conduct a subgroup analysis or a linear meta-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS HIIT is a feasible and time-efficient approach for improving CRF, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Solera-Martínez
- Health and Social Research Center.,Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Ángel Herraiz-Adillo
- Department of Primary Care, Health Service of Castilla-La Mancha, Tragacete, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Lucas De La Cruz
- Health and Social Research Center.,Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center.,Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Diana P Pozuelo-Carrascosa
- Health and Social Research Center.,Faculty of Nursing.,Multidisciplinary Research Group in Care, Universidad of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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13
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Negro M, Cerullo G, Parimbelli M, Ravazzani A, Feletti F, Berardinelli A, Cena H, D'Antona G. Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplements in the Muscle Carnitine Palmitoyl-Transferase II Deficiency: New Theoretical Bases for Potential Applications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:704290. [PMID: 34408664 PMCID: PMC8365340 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.704290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPTII) deficiency is the most frequent inherited disorder regarding muscle fatty acid metabolism, resulting in a reduced mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation during endurance exercise. This condition leads to a clinical syndrome characterized by muscle fatigue and/or muscle pain with a variable annual frequency of severe rhabdomyolytic episodes. While since the CPTII deficiency discovery remarkable scientific advancements have been reached in genetic analysis, pathophysiology and diagnoses, the same cannot be said for the methods of treatments. The current recommendations remain those of following a carbohydrates-rich diet with a limited fats intake and reducing, even excluding, physical activity, without, however, taking into account the long-term consequences of this approach. Suggestions to use carnitine and medium chain triglycerides remain controversial; conversely, other potential dietary supplements able to sustain muscle metabolism and recovery from exercise have never been taken into consideration. The aim of this review is to clarify biochemical mechanisms related to nutrition and physiological aspects of muscle metabolism related to exercise in order to propose new theoretical bases of treatment which, if properly tested and validated by future trials, could be applied to improve the quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Negro
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attivitá Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS) - Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Parimbelli
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attivitá Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS) - Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
| | - Alberto Ravazzani
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attivitá Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS) - Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
| | - Fausto Feletti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attivitá Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS) - Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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14
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Using Focus Groups and Interviews to Inform the Design of a Workplace Exercise Programme: An Example From a High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e63-e74. [PMID: 33234874 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a formative evaluation of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention, we illustrate how qualitative data can inform the development of workplace exercise interventions. METHOD Eight focus groups and four interviews were conducted with employees (n = 38) and management (n = 4) from six office-based organisations before intervention implementation. RESULTS Some participants thought workplace-based HIIT would be practical, given the limited time required. Others perceived it may not be acceptable for all individuals, given the exercise intensity. With consideration of identified barriers (workload/family commitments effecting time availability) and facilitators (flexible working conditions) participants' perspectives were incorporated into the intervention protocol. A short-term group-based intervention was preferred, with a choice of exercise modes (based on stair climbing, stepping or boxing). CONCLUSION This study provides a framework to incorporate stakeholders' perspectives into the development of workplace exercise interventions.
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15
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Cortis C, Fusco A, Cook M, Doberstein ST, Gillette C, Porcari JP, Foster C. Indoor Cycling Energy Expenditure: Does Sequence Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030870. [PMID: 33498385 PMCID: PMC7908148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although cycling class intensity can be modified by changing interval intensity sequencing, it has not been established whether the intensity order can alter physiological and perceptual responses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of interval intensity sequencing on energy expenditure (EE), physiological markers, and perceptual responses during indoor cycling. Healthy volunteers (10 males = 20.0 ± 0.8years; 8 females = 21.3 ± 2.7years) completed three randomly ordered interval bouts (mixed pyramid—MP, ascending intervals—AI, descending intervals—DI) including three 3-min work bouts at 50%, 75%, and 100% of peak power output (PPO) and three 3-min recovery periods at 25% PPO. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were expressed as percentages of maximal HR (%HRmax) and VO2 (%VO2max). EE was computed for both the work bout and for the 5-min recovery period. Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) and Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES) were recorded. No differences emerged for % HRmax (MP = 73.3 ± 6.1%; AI = 72.1 ± 4.9%; DI = 71.8 ± 4.5%), % VO2max (MP = 51.8 ± 4.6%; AI = 51.4 ± 3.9%; DI = 51.3 ± 4.5%), EE (MP = 277.5 ± 39.9 kcal; AI = 275.8 ± 39.4 kcal; DI = 274.9 ± 42.1 kcal), EES (MP = 4.9 ± 1.0; AI = 5.3 ± 1.1; DI = 4.9 ± 0.9), and sRPE (MP = 4.9 ± 1.0; AI = 5.3 ± 1.1; DI = 4.9 ± 0.9). EE during recovery was significantly (p < 0.005) lower after DI (11.9 ± 3.2 kcal) with respect to MP (13.2 ± 2.5 kcal) and AI (13.3 ± 2.5 kcal). Although lower EE was observed during recovery in DI, interval intensity sequencing does not affect overall EE, physiological markers, and perceptual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Fusco
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Mitchell Cook
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (M.C.); (S.T.D.); (C.G.); (J.P.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Scott T. Doberstein
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (M.C.); (S.T.D.); (C.G.); (J.P.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Cordial Gillette
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (M.C.); (S.T.D.); (C.G.); (J.P.P.); (C.F.)
| | - John P. Porcari
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (M.C.); (S.T.D.); (C.G.); (J.P.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Carl Foster
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (M.C.); (S.T.D.); (C.G.); (J.P.P.); (C.F.)
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16
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Goncin N, Linares A, Lloyd M, Dogra S. Does sedentary time increase in older adults in the days following participation in intense exercise? Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2517-2527. [PMID: 32130714 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults have the highest sedentary time across all age groups, and only a small portion is meeting the minimum recommendations for weekly physical activity. Little research to date has looked at how changes in one of these behaviours influences the other. AIM To assess changes in 24-h movement behaviours (sedentary time, light intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sleep) over three consecutive days, following acute bouts of exercise of varying intensity in older adults. METHODS Participants (n = 28, 69.7 ± 6.5 years) completed a maximal exercise test and the following exercise protocols in random order: moderate continuous exercise (MOD), high-intensity interval exercise (HI) and sprint interval exercise (SPRT). A thigh-worn device (ActivPAL™) was used to measure movement behaviours at baseline and the 3 days following each exercise session. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that compared to baseline, participants decreased MVPA in the 3 days following all exercise sessions and decreased LPA following HI and SPRT (p < 0.05). Over half of the sample had clinically meaningful increases in sedentary time (30 min/day) in the days following exercise participation. DISCUSSION Older adults who compensate for exercise participation by reducing physical activity and increasing sedentary time in subsequent days may require behavioural counseling to ensure that incidental and recreational physical activities are not reduced. CONCLUSION It appears that older adults compensate for acute exercise by decreasing MVPA and LPA, and increasing sedentary time in the days following exercise. Future research is needed to determine whether compensation persists with regular engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Goncin
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON, L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - Andrea Linares
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON, L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - Meghann Lloyd
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON, L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - Shilpa Dogra
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON, L1G-0C5, Canada.
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17
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Rey Lopez JP, Sabag A, Martinez Juan M, Rezende LFM, Pastor-Valero M. Do vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activities reduce mortality to the same extent? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000775. [PMID: 33178440 PMCID: PMC7610342 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether vigorous-intensity physical activity confers additional reductions on all-cause and cause-specific mortality compared with moderate-intensity physical activity. Design A systematic review (registered in PROSPERO CRD42019138995) and meta-analysis. Data sources Three electronic databases up to April 14 2020. Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria were prospective studies that contained information about (1) moderate-intensity (3–5.9 metabolic equivalent tasks (METs)) and vigorous-intensity (≥6 METs) physical activities and (2) all-cause and/or cause-specific mortality. Exclusion criteria were prospective studies that (1) exclusively recruited diseased patients (eg, hypertensive patients and diabetics) or (2) did not account for total physical activity in their multivariable models (3) or did not adjust or exclude individuals with comorbidities at baseline or (4) used physically inactive participants as reference group. Results Five studies (seven cohorts using sex-specific results) were pooled into a meta-analysis. For all-cause mortality and controlling by total physical activity, vigorous-intensity physical activity (vs moderate) was not associated with a larger reduction in mortality (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.09). After the exclusion of one study judged with critical risk of bias (Risk Of Bias in Non randomized Studies, ROBINS tool) from meta-analysis, results remained similar (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.12). Due to the limited number of studies, meta-analyses for cancer and cardiovascular mortality were not performed. Conclusions Prospective studies suggest that, for the same total physical activity, both vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activities reduce all-cause mortality to the same extent. However, absence of evidence must not be interpreted as evidence of absence due to the existing methodological flaws in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Rey Lopez
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,i+HEALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Angelo Sabag
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Martinez Juan
- Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Leandro F M Rezende
- Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Pastor-Valero
- Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ryan BJ, Schleh MW, Ahn C, Ludzki AC, Gillen JB, Varshney P, Van Pelt DW, Pitchford LM, Chenevert TL, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Howton SM, Rode T, Hummel SL, Burant CF, Little JP, Horowitz JF. Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5850995. [PMID: 32492705 PMCID: PMC7347288 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin sensitivity and other important metabolic adaptations in adults with obesity. METHODS Thirty-one inactive adults with obesity (age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index: 33 ± 3 kg/m2) completed 12 weeks (4 sessions/week) of either HIIT (10 × 1-minute at 90%HRmax, 1-minute active recovery; n = 16) or MICT (45 minutes at 70%HRmax; n = 15). To assess the direct effects of exercise independent of weight/fat loss, participants were required to maintain body mass. RESULTS Training increased peak oxygen uptake by ~10% in both HIIT and MICT (P < 0.0001), and body weight/fat mass were unchanged. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) was ~20% greater the day after the final exercise session compared to pretraining (P < 0.01), with no difference between HIIT and MICT. When trained participants abstained from exercise for 4 days, insulin sensitivity returned to pretraining levels in both groups. HIIT and MICT also induced similar increases in abundance of many skeletal muscle proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Training-induced alterations in muscle lipid profile were also similar between groups. CONCLUSION Despite large differences in training intensity and exercise time, 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT induce similar acute improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity the day after exercise, and similar longer term metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle in adults with obesity. These findings support the notion that the insulin-sensitizing effects of both HIIT and MICT are mediated by factors stemming from the most recent exercise session(s) rather than adaptations that accrue with training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Ryan
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W Schleh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alison C Ludzki
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pallavi Varshney
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas W Van Pelt
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Pitchford
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suzette M Howton
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles F Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey F Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Jeffrey F. Horowitz, PhD, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109-2214.
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19
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Roloff ZA, Dicks ND, Krynski LM, Hartman ME, Ekkekakis P, Pettitt RW. Ratings of affective valence closely track changes in oxygen uptake: Application to high-intensity interval exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2020.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Winett RA, Ogletree AM. Evidence-Based, High-Intensity Exercise and Physical Activity for Compressing Morbidity in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Innov Aging 2019; 3:igz020. [PMID: 31380470 PMCID: PMC6658199 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research in exercise science has important applications for middle-aged and older adults and points to how the programming of individual and multicomponent interventions including theory-based health behavior change strategies may be improved to compress morbidity by delaying or reducing the disabling process. High-intensity interval training and sprint interval training until recently were seen as only applicable to athletes. But recent lab-based research has adapted these interventions for even older adults and demonstrated their safety with beneficial outcomes on cardiometabolic risk factors comparable to or surpassing the usual lower- to moderate-intensity endurance training, and their potential translatability by showing the efficacy of much lower duration and frequency of training, even by systematic stair climbing. Moreover, people report positive affect while engaged in such training. For a century, resistance training was conceived as weightlifting with heavy weights required. Recent research has shown that using a higher degree of effort with lighter to moderate resistance in simple, time efficient protocols result in gains in strength and muscle mass similar to heavy resistance, as well as improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors, strength, body composition, and cognitive, affective, and functional abilities. More effort-based resistance training with moderate resistance may make resistance training more appealing and accessible to older adults. A key potential translational finding is that with correct technique and a high degree of effort, training with inexpensive, portable elastic bands, useable virtually anywhere, can provide appreciable benefits. More emphasis should be placed on long-term, translational interventions, resources, and programs that integrate interval and resistance trainings. This work may improve public health programs for middle-aged and older adults and reflects an emerging evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron M Ogletree
- Health Research and Evaluation, American Institutes for Research, Washington, District of Columbia
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Magalhães FDC, Aguiar PF, Tossige-Gomes R, Magalhães SM, Ottone VDO, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Dias-Peixoto MF, Rocha-Vieira E, Amorim FT. High-intensity interval training followed by postexercise cold-water immersion does not alter angiogenic circulating cells, but increases circulating endothelial cells. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:101-111. [PMID: 31167081 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) induces vascular adaptations that might be attenuated by postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI). Circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) participate in the vascular adaptations and circulating endothelial cells (CEC) indicate endothelial damage. CAC and CEC are involved in vascular adaptation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate postexercise CWI during HIIT on CAC and CEC and on muscle angiogenesis-related molecules. Seventeen male subjects performed 13 HIIT sessions followed by 15 min of passive recovery (n = 9) or CWI at 10 °C (n = 8). HIIT comprised cycling (8-12 bouts, 90%-110% peak power). The first and the thirteenth sessions were similar (8 bouts at 90% of peak power). Venous blood was drawn before exercise (baseline) and after the recovery strategy (postrecovery) in the first (pretraining) and in the thirteenth (post-training) sessions. For CAC and CEC identification lymphocyte surface markers (CD133, CD34, and VEGFR2) were used. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed pre- and post-training for protein (p-eNOSser1177) and gene (VEGF and HIF-1) expression analysis related to angiogenesis. CAC was not affected by HIIT or postexercise CWI. Postexercise CWI increased acute and baseline CEC number. Angiogenic protein and genes were not differently modulated by post-CWI. HIIT followed by either recovery strategy did not alter CAC number. Postexercise CWI increased a marker of endothelial damage both acutely and chronically, suggesting that this postexercise recovery strategy might cause endothelial damage. Novelty HIIT followed by CWI did not alter CAC. HIIT followed by CWI increased CEC. Postexercise CWI might cause endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Paula Fernandes Aguiar
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Rosalina Tossige-Gomes
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Mourão Magalhães
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of the Motor Activity, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of the Motor Activity, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Integrated Center of Health Research, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100-000, Brazil.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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22
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Riddell MC, Pooni R, Yavelberg L, Li Z, Kollman C, Brown RE, Li A, Aronson R. Reproducibility in the cardiometabolic responses to high-intensity interval exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 148:137-143. [PMID: 30641168 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) often report a rise in their blood glucose level following brief intense exercise. We sought to determine the reproducibility of the cardiometabolic responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). METHODS Sixteen adults with T1D, using an optimized multiple daily injection with basal insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300), performed four fasted HIIT sessions over a 4-6-week period. Exercise consisted of high-intensity interval cycling and multimodal training over 25 min. RESULTS Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion rose similarly in all sessions, as did lactate, catecholamine and growth hormone levels. Plasma glucose increased in response to HIIT in 62 of 64 visits (97%), with an overall increase of 3.7 ± 1.6 mmol/L (Mean ± SD) (P < 0.001). In within-patient comparisons, the change in plasma glucose among the four HIIT sessions was significantly correlated with a composite correlation of 0.58 ([r2 = 0.34]; 95% CI 0.35-0.80; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Intersession observations of four separate HIIT sessions showed high intrasubject reproducibility in the cardiometabolic responses to exercise, including the rise in plasma glucose, when adults with T1D perform the activity in a fasted state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Riddell
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, 1929 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rubin Pooni
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Loren Yavelberg
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zoey Li
- JAEB Center for Health Research, 15310 Amberly Dr., Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Craig Kollman
- JAEB Center for Health Research, 15310 Amberly Dr., Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Ruth E Brown
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, 1929 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Aihua Li
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, 1929 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ronnie Aronson
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, 1929 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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de Matos MA, Vieira DV, Pinhal KC, Lopes JF, Dias-Peixoto MF, Pauli JR, de Castro Magalhães F, Little JP, Rocha-Vieira E, Amorim FT. High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Markers of Oxidative Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Individuals With Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1451. [PMID: 30429793 PMCID: PMC6220130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The excess body fat characteristic of obesity is related to various metabolic alterations, which includes insulin resistance (IR). Among the non-pharmacological measures used to improve insulin sensitivity are aerobic physical training, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of HIIT on blood and skeletal muscle markers related to IR and oxidative metabolism in physically inactive individuals with obesity and compared the changes between insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant phenotypes. Methods: Initially to investigate the effect of obesity and IR in the analyzed parameters, insulin-sensitive eutrophic volunteers (CON; n = 9) and obese non-insulin (OB; n = 9) and insulin-resistant (OBR; n = 8) were enrolled. Volunteers with obesity completed 8 weeks of HIIT in a cycle ergometer. Venous blood and vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before and after the HIIT. Body composition and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were estimated before and after HIIT. Results: HIIT reduced IR assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in OBR (4.4 ± 1.4 versus 4.1 ± 2.2 μU L−2), but not in OB (HOMA-IR 1.8 ± 0.5 versus 2.3 ± 1.0 μU L−2) volunteers. HIIT increased VO2peak with no change in body fat in both groups. In skeletal muscle, HIIT increased the phosphorylation of IRS (Tyr612), Akt (Ser473), and increased protein content of β-HAD and COX-IV in both groups. There was a reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in OBR after HIIT. Conclusion: Eight weeks of HIIT increased the content of proteins related to oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of individuals with obesity, independent of changes total body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aguiar de Matos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Dênia Vargas Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Pinhal
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Freitas Lopes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Exercício, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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