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Zaslow T, Patel AR, Coel R, Katzel MJ, Wren TAL. The effects of sport, setting, and demographics on sunscreen use and education in young athletes. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:695-703. [PMID: 37260276 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2219801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Participation in outdoor sports increases exposure to ultraviolet radiation, necessitating mitigation through sunscreen use. This prospective study examined the effects of sport, setting (practice vs. competition), gender, age and geographic location on sunscreen use and education among youth athletes in various sports. Six hundred and twelve athletes ≤18 years old completed an online survey on sunscreen education and use during competitions and practices. Regardless of sport, reported sunscreen use was higher during practices than competition (p < 0.0001). Sunscreen was used most by swimmers/divers (odds ratio: OR ≥ 1.9, p < 0.001) and least by American football players (OR ≤ 0.57, p ≤ 0.001). Coaches mentioned sunscreen use the most in track and field (OR 1.84, p = 0.001) and the least in American football (OR 0.67, p = 0.03). Athletes used sunscreen more if they were female (OR ≥ 1.9 1.38, p ≤ 0.06) and younger (age OR ≤ 0.88, p < 0.001). In conclusion, youth athletes differ in sunscreen use by sport and setting, highlighting the need for continued photoprotective education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Zaslow
- Primary Care Sports Medicine, Cedars Sinai Kerlan-Jobe Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akash R Patel
- Primary Care Sports Medicine, Cedars Sinai Kerlan-Jobe Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Coel
- Pediatric Sports Medicine, Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women & Children, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mia J Katzel
- Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tishya A L Wren
- Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Fisher KG, Cottle RM, Kenney WL, Wolf ST. Sunscreen does not alter sweating responses or critical environmental limits in young adults (PSU HEAT project). J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:322-329. [PMID: 38126091 PMCID: PMC11212801 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00756.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Outdoor athletes often eschew using sunscreen due to perceived performance impairments, which many attribute in part to the potential for reduced thermoregulatory heat loss. Past studies examining the impact of sunscreen on thermoregulation are equivocal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mineral and chemical-based sunscreens on sweating responses and critical environmental limits in hot-dry (HD) and warm-humid (WH) environments. Nine subjects (3 M/6 F; 25 ± 2 yr) were tested with 1) no sunscreen (control), 2) chemical-, and 3) mineral-based sunscreen. Subjects were exposed to progressive heat stress with either 1) constant dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) at 34°C and increasing water vapor pressure (Pa) (WH trials) or 2) constant Pa at 12 mmHg and increasing Tdb (HD trials). Subjects walked at 4.9 ± 0.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) until an upward inflection in gastrointestinal temperature was observed (i.e., the critical environmental limit). Compared with control (39.9 ± 3.0°C), critical Tdb was not different in mineral (39.2 ± 3.5°C, P = 0.39) or chemical (39.7 ± 3.0°C, P = 0.98) sunscreen trials in HD environments. Compared with control (18.8 ± 4.0 mmHg), critical Pa was not different in mineral (18.9 ± 4.8 mmHg, P = 0.81) or chemical (19.5 ± 4.6 mmHg, P = 0.81) sunscreen trials in WH environments. Sweating rates, evaporative heat loss, skin wettedness, and sweating efficiency were not different among the three trials in the WH (all P ≥ 0.48) or HD (all P ≥ 0.87) environments. Critical environmental limits are unaffected by sunscreen application, suggesting sunscreen does not alter integrative thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings demonstrate that neither sweating nor critical environmental limits were affected by mineral-based and chemical-based sunscreen applications. The rates of change in core temperature during compensable and uncompensable heat stress were not changed by wearing sunscreen. Evaporative heat loss, efficiency of sweat evaporation, skin wettedness, and sweating rates were unaffected by sunscreen. Sunscreen did not alter integrative thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat G Fisher
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rachel M Cottle
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - W Larry Kenney
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- Graduate Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - S Tony Wolf
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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Kliniec K, Tota M, Zalesińska A, Łyko M, Jankowska-Konsur A. Skin Cancer Risk, Sun-Protection Knowledge and Behavior in Athletes-A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3281. [PMID: 37444391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Outdoor sports are associated with increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which may result in sunburn, solar damage, and skin cancers. Water and winter sports create additional adverse conditions, such as washing away sunscreen by water and reflection of UV rays by the water and snow. Sweating-increased skin photosensitivity and activity-induced immunosuppression are associated with a greater risk of developing skin cancers. In this review, we focus on a group of athletes and sports participants and analyze 62 articles concerning sun exposure during outdoor sports, the risk of developing skin cancer, and knowledge and behavior regarding photoprotection methods. Various practices have been linked to an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), or UV-induced skin damage. Water sports and mountaineering increase the risk of BCC. Surfing and swimming are risk factors for SCC. Melanoma is more common in swimmers, surfers, and marathon runners. Photoprotection behaviors can reduce potential skin damage and skin cancers. Athletes' knowledge about the risk of malignant lesions was satisfactory, but despite the risks, outdoor sports participants seem not to protect themselves from the sun adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kliniec
- Student Research Group of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Tota
- Student Research Group of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zalesińska
- Student Research Group of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łyko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alina Jankowska-Konsur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Racinais S, Hosokawa Y, Akama T, Bermon S, Bigard X, Casa DJ, Grundstein A, Jay O, Massey A, Migliorini S, Mountjoy M, Nikolic N, Pitsiladis YP, Schobersberger W, Steinacker JM, Yamasawa F, Zideman DA, Engebretsen L, Budgett R. IOC consensus statement on recommendations and regulations for sport events in the heat. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:8-25. [PMID: 36150754 PMCID: PMC9811094 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This document presents the recommendations developed by the IOC Medical and Scientific Commission and several international federations (IF) on the protection of athletes competing in the heat. It is based on a working group, meetings, field experience and a Delphi process. The first section presents recommendations for event organisers to monitor environmental conditions before and during an event; to provide sufficient ice, shading and cooling; and to work with the IF to remove regulatory and logistical limitations. The second section summarises recommendations that are directly associated with athletes' behaviours, which include the role and methods for heat acclimation; the management of hydration; and adaptation to the warm-up and clothing. The third section explains the specific medical management of exertional heat stroke (EHS) from the field of play triage to the prehospital management in a dedicated heat deck, complementing the usual medical services. The fourth section provides an example for developing an environmental heat risk analysis for sport competitions across all IFs. In summary, while EHS is one of the leading life-threatening conditions for athletes, it is preventable and treatable with the proper risk mitigation and medical response. The protection of athletes competing in the heat involves the close cooperation of the local organising committee, the national and international federations, the athletes and their entourages and the medical team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Racinais
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Yuri Hosokawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takao Akama
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Xavier Bigard
- Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), Aigle, Switzerland
| | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institiute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Grundstein
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ollie Jay
- Heat and Health Research Incubator, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Massey
- Medical Department, Federation Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT Tirol – Private University for Health Sciences and technology, Hall, Austria,University Hospital/Tirol Kliniken, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - David Anthony Zideman
- International Olympic Committee Medical and Scientific Games Group, Pinner, Middlesex, UK
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ribas JR, Rodríguez SG, Fariña EA, Suárez-García A. An Assessment on the Efficiency of Clothing with UV Protection among the Spanish Navy School Students. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6227. [PMID: 36143539 PMCID: PMC9500963 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Concern about the harmful effects that ultraviolet (UV) rays have on the skin of people who are routinely exposed to solar radiation has driven the industry of skin protection creams, sunglasses and clothing. Spanish Navy personnel are subject to different levels of exposure depending on their rank and function. The objective of this research is to analyze the behavioral variables associated to the effects on the skin caused by UV rays, denoted by the combined effects of perceived susceptibility and perceived severity, on their decision to purchase and wear uniforms with UV protection. A confirmatory analysis using a structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed on a sample of 100 respondents. The model results revealed a strong mediating characteristic of the intention to use, variable associated with the exogenous variables. Attitude towards the use of clothing and social influence, as well as the exogenous variable clothing action planning, on the sun protective clothing use during tactical maneuvers. These relationships were significant with p-values close to zero. However, exogenous variables related to perceived susceptibility and perceived severity in exposure to sunlight did not represent a significant influence when mediated by self-efficacy in use. The results revealed the consequence of awareness about the importance of protecting oneself and the influence that usage habits can have on the military with respect to the decision to purchase uniforms with UV protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Ribas
- Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Sol García Rodríguez
- Research Group Solar and Wind Feasibility Technologies (SWIFT), Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain
| | - Elena Arce Fariña
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ferrol Polytechnic University School, University of A Coruña, 15403 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez-García
- Defense University Center, Naval Academy, University of Vigo, Plaza de España 2, 36920 Marín, Spain
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Fernandez-Ruiz J, Montero-Vilchez T, Buendia-Eisman A, Arias-Santiago S. Knowledge, Behaviour and Attitudes Related to Sun Exposure in Sportspeople: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610175. [PMID: 36011808 PMCID: PMC9407896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
People who practice outdoor sports have an increased risk of skin cancer as they are exposed to high doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Recent studies have shown that in many athletes, sun protection behaviours are inadequate, with the risk that this entails. The aim of this review is to collect the information published to date about the knowledge, attitudes and habits of athletes in relation to sun exposure and its risks. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Embase with the search algorithm "(skin cancer OR melanoma) AND (exercise OR sport OR athletes)". All studies analysing the knowledge, attitudes and habits of photoprotection in athletes were included. A total of 2,365 publications were found, of which 23 were selected, including a total of 10,445 sportspeople. The majority of participants declared their voluntary intention to tan and stated that the sun made them feel better, although they also showed concern about possible damage associated with UV radiation. In most studies, less than half of the participants made adequate use of photoprotective measures. In general, most athletes had a high level of knowledge regarding the risk of skin cancer associated with sun exposure. In conclusion, most athletes are aware of the risks associated with UV radiation but do not make adequate use of photoprotective cream. New training programs on photoprotection could help improve athletes' photoprotective behaviour, reducing the incidence of skin cancer and precancerous lesions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Trinidad Montero-Vilchez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-023-422
| | - Agustin Buendia-Eisman
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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Jin Y, Liu D, Lu Z, Yang L, Chen J, Zhou X, Qiu Z, Jin Y. Preparation and Evaluation of Liposomes and Niosomes Containing Total Ginsenosides for Anti-Photoaging Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:874827. [PMID: 35464721 PMCID: PMC9019747 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the principal bioactive compounds of ginseng. Total ginsenosides (GS) contain a variety of saponin monomers, which have potent anti-photoaging activity and improve the skin barrier function. To enhance the efficiency of GS transdermal absorption, GS liposomes (GSLs) and GS niosomes (GSNs) were formulated as delivery vehicles. Based on the clarified and optimized formulation process, GSL and GSN were prepared. The structure, cumulative transmittance, skin retention, total transmittance, and bioactivity of GSLs and GSNs were characterized. GSL and GSN were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). In addition, HaCAT cell migration, proliferation, and GS cellular uptake were significantly increased. The therapeutic effects of GSL and GSN were also evaluated in a rat model of photoaging. Histopathological changes were assessed in rat skin treated with GSL, GSN, or GS by hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and aldehyde fuchsine staining. Malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, GSH-Px, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels were determined. Results indicated that the optimal formulation of GSL used soybean lecithin (SPC) as the phospholipid, with a lipid–drug ratio of 1:0.4 and a phospholipid–cholesterol ratio of 1:3.5. The optimal temperature for the preparation process of GSN by ethanol injection was 65°C, with a ratio of the organic phase to aqueous phase of 1:9. It was demonstrated that the cumulative release rate, skin retention rate, and total transmission rate of GSL-7 at 24 h were higher than those of GSN-4 and GS. GSL-7 significantly inhibited skin lipid peroxidation caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In addition, GSL-7 reduced the contents of MMPs and inflammatory cytokines in skin tissue. In conclusion, GSL-7 may reduce skin aging caused by UV radiation and contribute to skin tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Environment and Quality Testing, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Lubing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Ye Jin,
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Ye Jin,
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Perrier F, Ghiasvand R, Lergenmuller S, Robsahm TE, Green AC, Borch KB, Sandanger TM, Weiderpass E, Rueegg CS, Veierød MB. Physical activity and cutaneous melanoma risk: A Norwegian population-based cohort study. Prev Med 2021; 153:106556. [PMID: 33862033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an important factor in cancer prevention, but positive association between PA and risk of cutaneous melanoma found in recent studies may complicate this strategy. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure during outdoor PA is a plausible explanation for a positive association. We investigated the associations between PA, UVR and melanoma risk in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort. Overall PA was reported by 151,710 women, aged 30-75 at inclusion, using a validated 10-point-scale at enrolment and during follow-up, together with recent numbers of sunburns, indoor tanning sessions and weeks on sunbathing vacations. Seasonal outdoor walking and seasonal PAs were recorded in subsamples (n = 102,671 and n = 29,077, respectively). Logistic and Cox regression were used. Mean follow-up was 18.5 years, and 1565 invasive incident melanoma cases were diagnosed. Overall PA was inversely associated with sunburns, while positively associated with sunbathing vacations and indoor tanning. Overall PA was not associated with melanoma risk in all body sites combined (ptrend = 0.61), but reduced risk was found in upper limb melanomas (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.96; high versus low PA). Non-significant reduced risks were found for seasonal outdoor walking >2 h/day versus 30-60 min/day (summer HR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-1.00; autumn HR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.55-1.01). Seasonal PAs were not associated with melanoma risk. In conclusion, we found positive associations between overall PA and sunbathing vacations and indoor tanning, and, unlike literature, inverse association between overall PA and sunburns. Our results do not support a positive association between PA and melanoma risk in Norwegian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Perrier
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Lergenmuller
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adele C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Cancer Research UK Manchester and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin B Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Corina S Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Lee J, Kwon KH. Skin problems of Korean military personnel changes in the use of cosmetics and differences in preference according to different characteristics: Focused on comparison pre- and post-enlistment. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e368. [PMID: 34541332 PMCID: PMC8439427 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, men's interest and participation in cosmetology have increased, and the number of "grooming" men who are exorbitantly investing in fashion and looks has increased, further increasing the growth potential of men's cosmetics. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the skin diseases of men in their 20s and 30s in Korea, focusing on the comparison before and after enlistment, and to study the changes in cosmetic use and the difference in cosmetic preference according to the military service problem of Korean men. METHODS We enrolled 450 people, after excluding 50 dishonest respondents. Statistical data processing collected with the data analysis method were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) WIN25.0 statistical package program through data coding and cleaning. RESULTS A total of 217 (48.2%) people preferred the cosmetic type of skin/lotion preferred by the private sector, and the cosmetic type required by the military was a complex skin lotion (48.2%) with 216 people (48.2%). All-in-one products were the most common products. The P-value was P < .001 or more. CONCLUSION The results of this comprehensive study indicated skin problems of Korean military personnel changes in the use of cosmetics and differences in preference according to different characteristics focused on comparison pre- and post-enlistment was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Lee
- Division of Beauty Arts Care, Department of Practical Arts, Graduate School of Culture and ArtsDongguk UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Daily Beauty UnitAmorepacific Co.SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- Division of Beauty Arts Care, Department of Practical Arts, Graduate School of Culture and ArtsDongguk UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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Shin JY, Park JH, Che DN, Kang HJ, Cho BO, Lim YT, Jang SI. Protective effects of halophyte complex extract against UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes and the skin of hairless mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:682. [PMID: 33986847 PMCID: PMC8111875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Limonium tetragonum, Triglochin maritimum, Artemisia scoparia and red ginseng have been used as folk remedies for treating a variety of diseases. In the current study, the protective effects of halophyte and red ginseng against ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage were investigated. Halophyte red ginseng complex extract (HRCE) was prepared and its effects on UV-B irradiated human keratinocytes and mouse skin were studied through ELISA, Western blotting immunofluorescence and histological staining. HRCE inhibited peroxide-induced damage in human keratinocytes. HRCE also inhibited UVB-induced collagen and elastin degradation in human keratinocytes and mouse skin. In addition, HRCE inhibited mast cell infiltration in the skin of mice irradiated with UVB light. This effect was likely due to HRCE inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB. By protecting the skin from UVB-induced skin damage, HRCE has the potential to be used in the treatment and prevention of UV-induced skin damage and photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Shin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Park
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Nchang Che
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ok Cho
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Teak Lim
- Jinandang Farming Association Corporation, Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55442, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Il Jang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea
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