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Seiferth C, Fiedler J, Färber T, Pape M, Schroeder S, Herpertz S, Steins-Loeber S, Wolstein J. Bi-directional associations of core affect and physical activity in adults with higher body weight: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:1115-1128. [PMID: 38284358 PMCID: PMC11344957 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Affect is known to be predictive of and enhanced by higher physical activity (PA) levels in the general population. This secondary analysis aimed to increase the understanding of the bi-directional relationship between PA and core affect (i.e. valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) among adults with higher body weight. Affect and PA were assessed in naturalistic settings via ecological momentary assessment using a mixed sampling scheme from 157 participants (body mass index: 32.99 ± 3.78 kg/m2). Multilevel models revealed that being more physically active in the 15 minutes prior to the assessment predicted an increase in energetic arousal and a decrease in calmness. Subsequently, feeling more energetic and agitated was associated with increased PA within the following 15 minutes. Valence (i.e. pleasure-displeasure) was not associated with PA nor predictive of subsequent PA. Digital PA interventions may target the enhancement of feelings of energy and present psychoeducation about these distinct psychological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Pape
- LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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2
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Bourke M, Phillips SM, Gilchrist J, Pila E. The pleasure of moving: A compositional data analysis of the association between replacing sedentary time with physical activity on affective valence in daily life. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 75:102724. [PMID: 39208914 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Although the independent within-person association between physical activity and sedentary behaviour with valence in daily life has been extensively studied, few studies have used compositional data analysis to examine how different movement behaviour compositions are related to valence in daily life. This study aimed to examine the within-person association between wake-time movement behaviour compositions with affective valence and the extent to which replacing time spent sedentary with physical activity was associated with valence within individuals in daily life. A 7-day ecological momentary study design was used whereby 94 Canadian university students (Mage = 19.45, SD = 2.21, 78.7 % female) reported on affective valence using an adapted version of the Feeling Scale at 7 randomly timed prompts each day. In addition, activPAL accelerometers were worn continuously by participants on their right thigh for the duration of the study to determine time spent engaging in sedentary behaviours and physical activity. Compositional data analysis with isotemporal substitution models were used to examine the within-person association between movement behaviour compositions and affective valence. The within-person association between movement behaviours and affective valence was weak (r2 = 0.013). Nevertheless, engaging in less sedentary time than usual and instead engaging in physical activity was significantly related to more positive affective valence. Considering light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) separately, replacing time spent sedentary with time engaged in MVPA and LPA both had a significant positive association on affective valence, although the association with MVPA was stronger than the association with LPA. The results provide unique insights into how replacing sedentary time with physical activity in daily life, especially MVPA, may be associated with more feelings of pleasure. These results may be useful to help inform the development of just-in-time adaptive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Sophie M Phillips
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Jenna Gilchrist
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Li D, Li X, Zhou X, Newman G. The integration of geographic methods and ecological momentary assessment in public health research: A systematic review of methods and applications. Soc Sci Med 2024; 354:117075. [PMID: 38959816 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread prevalence of mobile devices, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be combined with geospatial data acquired through geographic techniques like global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system. This technique enables the consideration of individuals' health and behavior outcomes of momentary exposures in spatial contexts, mostly referred to as "geographic ecological momentary assessment" or "geographically explicit EMA" (GEMA). However, the definition, scope, methods, and applications of GEMA remain unclear and unconsolidated. To fill this research gap, we conducted a systematic review to synthesize the methodological insights, identify common research interests and applications, and furnish recommendations for future GEMA studies. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines to systematically search peer-reviewed studies from six electronic databases in 2022. Screening and eligibility were conducted following inclusion criteria. The risk of bias assessment was performed, and narrative synthesis was presented for all studies. From the initial search of 957 publications, we identified 47 articles included in the review. In public health, GEMA was utilized to measure various outcomes, such as psychological health, physical and physiological health, substance use, social behavior, and physical activity. GEMA serves multiple research purposes: 1) enabling location-based EMA sampling, 2) quantifying participants' mobility patterns, 3) deriving exposure variables, 4) describing spatial patterns of outcome variables, and 5) performing data linkage or triangulation. GEMA has advanced traditional EMA sampling strategies and enabled location-based sampling by detecting location changes and specified geofences. Furthermore, advances in mobile technology have prompted considerations of additional sensor-based data in GEMA. Our results highlight the efficacy and feasibility of GEMA in public health research. Finally, we discuss sampling strategy, data privacy and confidentiality, measurement validity, mobile applications and technologies, and GPS accuracy and missing data in the context of current and future public health research that uses GEMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- Department of Geography, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Galen Newman
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Timm I, Giurgiu M, Ebner-Priemer U, Reichert M. The Within-Subject Association of Physical Behavior and Affective Well-Being in Everyday Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:1667-1705. [PMID: 38705972 PMCID: PMC11239742 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of physical activity (PA) with affective well-being (AWB) is highly critical to both health behaviors and health outcomes. Current prominent theories presume AWB to be crucial for PA maintenance, and PA is evidenced to foster mental health. However, thus far, PA-AWB associations have mainly been researched in laboratory settings and with interventional designs, but the everyday life perspective had not been focused on, mostly due to technological limitations. In the course of digitization, the number of studies using device-based methods to research the within-subject association of physical activity and affective well-being (PA-AWB) under ecological valid conditions increased rapidly, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of evidence across populations, age groups, and distinct AWB components remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we aimed to firstly review daily-life studies that assessed intensive longitudinal device-based (e.g., electronic smartphone diaries and accelerometry) and real-time PA-AWB data, secondly to develop and apply a quality assessment tool applicable to those studies, and thirdly to discuss findings and draw implications for research and practice. METHODS To this end, the literature was searched in three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) up to November 2022. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and had been pre-registered (PROSPERO id: CRD42021277327). A modified quality assessment tool was developed to illustrate the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS The review of findings showed that, in general, already short PA bouts in everyday life, which clearly differ from structured exercise sessions, are positively associated with AWB. In particular, feelings of energy relate to incidental (non-exercise and unstructured) activity, and PA-AWB associations depend on population characteristics. The quality assessment revealed overall moderate study quality; however, the methods applied were largely heterogeneous between investigations. Overall, the reviewed evidence on PA-AWB associations in everyday life is ambiguous; for example, no clear patterns of directions and strengths of PA-AWB relationships depending on PA and AWB components (such as intensity, emotions, affect, mood) emerged. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence can fuel discussions on whether the World Health Organization's notion "every move counts" may be extended to everyday life AWB. Concurrently, the PA-AWB relationship findings endorse prominent theories highlighting the critical role of AWB in everyday PA engagement and maintenance. However, the review also clearly highlights the need to advance and harmonize methodological approaches for more fine-grained investigations on which specific PA/AWB characteristics, contextual factors, and biological determinants underly PA-AWB associations in everyday life. This will enable the field to tackle pressing challenges such as the issue of causality of PA-AWB associations, which will help to shape and refine existing theories to ultimately predict and improve health behavior, thereby feeding into precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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Cormack F, McCue M, Skirrow C, Cashdollar N, Taptiklis N, van Schaik T, Fehnert B, King J, Chrones L, Sarkey S, Kroll J, Barnett JH. Characterizing Longitudinal Patterns in Cognition, Mood, And Activity in Depression With 6-Week High-Frequency Wearable Assessment: Observational Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e46895. [PMID: 38819909 PMCID: PMC11179033 DOI: 10.2196/46895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive symptoms are an underrecognized aspect of depression that are often untreated. High-frequency cognitive assessment holds promise for improving disease and treatment monitoring. Although we have previously found it feasible to remotely assess cognition and mood in this capacity, further work is needed to ascertain the optimal methodology to implement and synthesize these techniques. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine (1) longitudinal changes in mood, cognition, activity levels, and heart rate over 6 weeks; (2) diurnal and weekday-related changes; and (3) co-occurrence of fluctuations between mood, cognitive function, and activity. METHODS A total of 30 adults with current mild-moderate depression stabilized on antidepressant monotherapy responded to testing delivered through an Apple Watch (Apple Inc) for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included cognitive function, assessed with 3 brief n-back tasks daily; self-reported depressed mood, assessed once daily; daily total step count; and average heart rate. Change over a 6-week duration, diurnal and day-of-week variations, and covariation between outcome measures were examined using nonlinear and multilevel models. RESULTS Participants showed initial improvement in the Cognition Kit N-Back performance, followed by a learning plateau. Performance reached 90% of individual learning levels on average 10 days after study onset. N-back performance was typically better earlier and later in the day, and step counts were lower at the beginning and end of each week. Higher step counts overall were associated with faster n-back learning, and an increased daily step count was associated with better mood on the same (P<.001) and following day (P=.02). Daily n-back performance covaried with self-reported mood after participants reached their learning plateau (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS The current results support the feasibility and sensitivity of high-frequency cognitive assessments for disease and treatment monitoring in patients with depression. Methods to model the individual plateau in task learning can be used as a sensitive approach to better characterize changes in behavior and improve the clinical relevance of cognitive data. Wearable technology allows assessment of activity levels, which may influence both cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cormack
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cognition Kit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie McCue
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Caroline Skirrow
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ben Fehnert
- Cognition Kit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Ctrl Group, London, United Kingdom
- Fora Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - James King
- Cognition Kit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Ctrl Group, London, United Kingdom
- Fora Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lambros Chrones
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Sara Sarkey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, United States
| | | | - Jennifer H Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Buchner L, Moore SR, Finkenzeller T, Amesberger G, Rieser H, Würth S. Influence of running on incidental and integral vitality and fatigue: An intensive longitudinal intervention in young Women's daily life. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 38689528 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Exercise intensity and perceived autonomy are important factors for the affective response toward exercise and adherence. Dual-mode theory suggests an inverted-J response curve of affect with increased exercise intensity, but little is known about how different running programs affect the affective response and subsequent incidental affect in daily life. This ambulatory assessment study examines the short- to long-term effects of two 8-week running interventions (affect-based vs. polarized-prescribed) on subjective vitality and perceived fatigue in young female novices. Participants engaged in 3 × 30 minute running sessions weekly in their natural environments and completed electronic diaries three times daily. Autoregressive multilevel models indicate small effects of training intensity on immediate affective subjective vitality (ß = -2.37; p = .03; f2 = 0.02) but negligible non-significant effects on fatigue (ß = 0.26; p = 0.12; f2 = 0.002). Novices experienced increased vitality throughout the day when their running was evaluated positively (ß = 0.23; p = .03; f2 = 0.04), with effects lasting over two days before returning to baseline (ß = -0.26; p < .001; f2 = 0.004). However, no significant long-term effects were observed over 8 weeks in vitality or fatigue. Results indicate between- and within-person variations, but limited sample power does not allow differentiating between programs. This study supports the dual-mode theory and highlights the importance of distinguishing affective response from incidental affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buchner
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephanie R Moore
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Finkenzeller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Günter Amesberger
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Rieser
- Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Jakob Haringer Straße 5/3, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Sabine Würth
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Schloßallee 49, A-5400 Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, Austria
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7
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Ruf A, Neubauer AB, Koch ED, Ebner-Priemer U, Reif A, Matura S. Microtemporal Dynamics of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Impulsivity in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Within Nutritional Psychiatry. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e46550. [PMID: 37590053 PMCID: PMC10472180 DOI: 10.2196/46550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing attention is being paid to lifestyle factors, such as nutrition and physical activity (PA), as potential complementary treatment options in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous research indicates that sugar and saturated fat intake may be linked to increased impulsivity, a core symptom of ADHD, whereas protein intake and PA may be related to reduced impulsivity. However, most studies rely on cross-sectional data that lack microtemporal resolution and ecological validity, wherefore questions of microtemporal dynamics (eg, is the consumption of foods high in sugar associated with increased impulsivity within minutes or hours?) remain largely unanswered. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has the potential to bridge this gap. OBJECTIVE This study is the first to apply EMA to assess microtemporal associations among macronutrient intake, PA, and state impulsivity in the daily life of adults with and without ADHD. METHODS Over a 3-day period, participants reported state impulsivity 8 times per day (signal-contingent), recorded food and drink intake (event-contingent), and wore an accelerometer. Multilevel 2-part models were used to study the association among macronutrient intake, PA, and the probability to be impulsive as well as the intensity of impulsivity (ADHD: n=36; control: n=137). RESULTS No association between macronutrient intake and state impulsivity was found. PA was not related to the intensity of impulsivity but to a higher probability to be impulsive (ADHD: β=-.09, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.04; control: β=-.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01). No evidence was found that the combined intake of saturated fat and sugar amplified the increase in state impulsivity and that PA alleviated the positive association between sugar or fat intake and state impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Important methodological considerations are discussed that can contribute to the optimization of future EMA protocols. EMA research in the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry is still in its infancy; however, EMA is a highly promising and innovative approach as it offers insights into the microtemporal dynamics of psychiatric symptomology, dietary intake, and PA in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alea Ruf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas B Neubauer
- DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
- Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elena D Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wallman-Jones A, Nigg C, Benzing V, Schmidt M. Leave the screen: The influence of everyday behaviors on self-reported interoception. Biol Psychol 2023; 181:108600. [PMID: 37286096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of physical activity on interoception is apparent, however little is known about within-person variability following physical activity and sedentary behavior in daily life. To test this, 70 healthy adults (Mage 21.67 ± 2.50) wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for 7-days, with self-reported interoception recorded on movement-triggered smartphones. Participants additionally reported the predominant activity type performed across the last 15 min. Investigating this timeframe, multi-level analyses revealed that each one-unit increase in physical activity was associated with an increase in self-reported interoception (B = 0.0025, p = .013), whereas contrastingly, each one-minute increase in sedentary behavior was associated with a decrease (B = -0.06. p = .009). Investigating the influence of different activity types in comparison to screen time behavior, both partaking in exercise (B = 4.48, p < .001) and daily-life physical activity (B = 1.21, p < .001) were associated with an increase in self-reported interoception. Regarding other behavior categories, non-screen time behavior both with (B = 1.13, p < .001) and without (B = 0.67, p = .004) social interaction were also associated with an increase in self-reported interoception compared to screen-time behavior. Extending from previous laboratory-based studies, these findings indicate that physical activity influences interoceptive processes in real-life, further supplemented by the novel and contrasting findings regarding sedentary behavior. Furthermore, associations with activity type reveal important mechanistic information, highlighting the importance of reducing screen-time behavior to preserve and support interoceptive perceptions. Findings can be used to inform health recommendations for reducing screen-time behavior and guiding evidence-based physical activity interventions to promote interoceptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Benzing
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Limberger MF, Schmiedek F, Santangelo PS, Reichert M, Wieland LM, Berhe O, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tost H, Ebner-Priemer UW. Assessing affect in adolescents with e-diaries: multilevel confirmatory factor analyses of different factor models. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1061229. [PMID: 37425158 PMCID: PMC10328383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, e-diary studies have gained increasing interest, with a dominant focus on mood and affect. Although requested in current guidelines, psychometric properties are rarely reported, and methodological investigations of factor structure, model fit, and the reliability of mood and affect assessment are limited. We used a seven-day e-diary dataset of 189 adolescent participants (12-17 years). The e-diary affect assessments revealed a considerable portion of within-person variance. The six-factor model showed the best model fit compared to the less complex models. Factor loadings also improved with the complexity of the models. Accordingly, we recommend that future e-diary studies of adolescents use the six-factor model of affect as well as reporting psychometric properties and model fit. For future e-diary scale development, we recommend using a minimum of three items per scale to enable the use of confirmatory multilevel factor analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias F. Limberger
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Schmiedek
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education (DIPF), Frankfurt, Germany
- IDeA Research Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Educational Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philip S. Santangelo
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Behavioural Health Technology Interventions, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, Université du Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena M. Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education (DIPF), Frankfurt, Germany
- IDeA Research Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Bourke M, Hilland TA, Craike M. Domain specific association between physical activity and affect in adolescents' daily lives: an ecological momentary assessment study. Psychol Health 2023; 38:369-388. [PMID: 34445903 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1965603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the domain specific associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and affect. This study aimed to determine whether the association between MVPA and affect differed by domain in adolescents. DESIGN Overall, 119 adolescents (mean age = 14.7 years) provided information about their affective states multiple times a day over a four-day period using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Additionally, minutes of MVPA were measured using accelerometers and participants self-reported whether they were participating in recreational physical activity, active travel, or household physical activity at the time of an EMA prompt. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes that were measured were affective valence, energetic arousal and tense arousal. RESULTS Participants who engaged in more recreational MVPA on average reported more positive valence, more energetic arousal, and less tense arousal. Additionally, participants reported more energetic arousal when they participated in greater levels of recreational MVPA than usual, but also more tense arousal. Active travel and household physical activity were not associated with valence, energetic arousal or tense arousal. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of encouraging participation in recreational physical activities to promote positive affective outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toni A Hilland
- School of Education, College of Design and Social Context, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Health Policy Collaboration, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bollenbach L, Schmitz J, Niermann C, Kanning M. How do people feel while walking in the city? Using walking-triggered e-diaries to investigate the association of social interaction and environmental greenness during everyday life walking. Front Psychol 2022; 13:970336. [PMID: 36225697 PMCID: PMC9549356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.970336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light to moderate physical activity, which includes walking, is associated with positive effects on physical and mental health. However, concerning mental health, social and physical environmental factors are likely to play an important role in this association. This study investigates person-place interactions between environmental characteristics (greenness, social interaction) and momentary affective states during walking episodes. A within-subject design is implemented, in which affective states and environmental characteristics are assessed while participants are walking outside. Methods On smartphones, coupled with a motion sensor (move3), e-diaries were triggered as soon as people walked 100 m outside. E-diaries assessed momentary affective states (valence, calmness, energetic arousal), and social interaction (walking alone; seeing other people while walking; interacting with other people; walking with a known person) between 6 am and 10 pm over nine days. The percentage of greenness was determined afterward from recorded GPS and GIS data. Demographics were collected in advance via an online questionnaire. Multilevel models were calculated with R for 46 individuals (age = 41.2, ± 13.2; 52% female). Results Affective state dimension energetic arousal showed a significant association with social interaction and greenness, i.e., participants rated energetic arousal lower when walking alone, and if there was less greenness vs. when interacting shortly with someone while walking (β = 0.13, p = 0.02), and being in situations with more greenness (β = 0.08, p = 0.02). Furthermore, associations with social interaction and greenness were found for dimension calmness: walking together with someone was associated with higher calmness (β = 0.16, p = 0.02), and the higher the proportion of surrounding greenness during a walk, the higher calmness was rated, i.e., participants were calmer (β = 0.09, p = 0.01). Significant associations with valence were not present. Conclusion The findings indicate that the affective states varied significantly due to different social and physical environmental factors. In the future, the importance of environmental factors should be further investigated, e.g., by assessing environmental factors right in situations contrary to a subsequent imputation. Within-subject designs, and in particular triggered assessments with the addition of GPS, can aid in developing interventions for health-promoting urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bollenbach
- Department of Health and Social Sciences in Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development gGmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina Niermann
- Department of Health and Social Sciences in Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Health and Social Sciences in Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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12
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The association of stress and physical activity: Mind the ecological fallacy. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPsychological stress and physical activity are interrelated, constituting a relevant association to human health, especially in children. However, the association’s nature remains elusive, i.e., why psychological stress predicts both decreased and increased physical activity. To test whether effects vary as a function of the level of analyses, we derived intensive longitudinal data via accelerometers and stress questionnaires from 74 children across 7 days as they went about their daily routines (n = 513 assessments). Multilevel modelling analyses revealed that between children, higher psychological stress predicted decreased physical activity (standardized beta coefficient = −0.14; p = 0.046). Concurrently, within those children, higher psychological stress predicted increased physical activity across days (standardized beta coefficient = 0.09; p = 0.015). Translated to practice, children who experienced more stress than others moved less, but children were more active on days when they experienced heightened stress. This suggests that the analyses level is crucial to the understanding of the association between psychological stress and physical activity and should be considered to receive unequivocal results. If replicated, e.g., including high-frequency sampling and experimental manipulation in everyday life for in-depth insights on underlying mechanisms and causality, our findings may be translated to individually tailored (digital) prevention and intervention strategies which target children’s distress-feelings despite impairing their heightened physical activity in stressful situations and identify tipping points of chronic stress phases. Therefore, we especially call for more intensive longitudinal data approaches to tackle thus far neglected within-subject issues in the field of physical activity, sport and exercise research.
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13
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Nigg C, Burchartz A, Reichert M, Woll A, Niessner C. Children and adolescents do not compensate for physical activity but do compensate for sedentary behavior. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLittle is known about behavioral transfer and compensation within and between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior. Thus, taking a within-person perspective, this study investigated across 1 week whether (a) children and adolescents compensate for increased MVPA and sedentary behavior with less of the respective behavior the next day and (b) transfer and compensation occur between these behaviors within 1 day and across 2 days. We obtained data from 2676 participants (6–17 years) of the national Motorik-Modul (MoMo) study in Germany. Participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer (Pensacola, FL, USA) for 7 days. We analyzed within- and between-day associations using hierarchical linear modeling. If youth engaged in 2 h more sedentary behavior than typical on any given day, they engaged in 37.20 min less MVPA the same day (B = −0.31, p < 0.001) as well as in 4.80 min more MVPA (B = 0.04, p < 0.001) and 7.20 min less sedentary behavior (B = −0.06, p < 0.001) the next day. If youth engaged in 1 h more MVPA than typical on any given day, they engaged in 97.80 min less sedentary behavior the same day (B = −1.63, p < 0.001) and in 5.40 min less sedentary behavior the next day (B = −0.09, p < 0.001). No association with next-day MVPA was observed. Our results indicate that children do not compensate for enhanced MVPA but transfer to less sedentary behavior, while more sedentary behavior is compensated with less sedentary behavior and more MVPA the next day. This provides essential information for the design of intervention studies to tackle physical inactivity and sedentary behavior.
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14
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Sleep quality, valence, energetic arousal, and calmness as predictors of device-based measured physical activity during a three-week mHealth intervention. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC9008661 DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is known to be a risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases and has a high prevalence in today’s society. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the psychological factors associated with physical activity (PA). Recent developments in the field of ambulatory assessment and technological advances are promising to enhance our understanding of this relationship by analyzing longitudinal data within- and between-persons. These analyses can reveal important factors to design behavior change interventions to enhance PA. Therefore, this study used an ecological momentary assessment during the 3‑week intervention period in the SMARTFAMILY2.0 trial and aimed to investigate whether valence, calmness, energetic arousal, and sleep quality predict daily steps and moderate to vigorous PA. Overall, 49 adults (35–60 years) and 40 children (5–19 years) were included in this analysis and self-rated their mental state within our smartphone application while also wearing a hip-worn accelerometer for 21 consecutive days (996 days included) during the intervention period. Multilevel analyses were conducted to predict daily PA while considering covariables (e.g., child/adult and non-wear time) both within- and between-persons. The results indicated that higher than average ratings of a person’s valence and energetic arousal on one day predicted increased PA while higher than average calmness predicted decreased PA at the same day within this person. Sleep quality and between-person effects of the affective states showed no clear associations to PA. Overall, these results showed that within-person associations of valence, calmness, and energetic arousal should be considered when designing PA interventions for both children and adults. The influence of sleep quality, as well as between-person effects, should be further explored by future studies.
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15
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Reichert M, Gan G, Renz M, Braun U, Brüßler S, Timm I, Ma R, Berhe O, Benedyk A, Moldavski A, Schweiger JI, Hennig O, Zidda F, Heim C, Banaschewski T, Tost H, Ebner-Priemer UW, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Ambulatory assessment for precision psychiatry: Foundations, current developments and future avenues. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113807. [PMID: 34228998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision psychiatry stands to benefit from the latest digital technologies for assessment and analyses to tailor treatment towards individuals. Insights into dynamic psychological processes as they unfold in humans' everyday life can critically add value in understanding symptomatology and environmental stressors to provide individualized treatment where and when needed. Towards this goal, ambulatory assessment encompasses methodological approaches to investigate behavioral, physiological, and biological processes in humans' everyday life. It combines repeated assessments of symptomatology over time, e.g., via Ecological Momentary Assessment (e.g., smartphone-diaries), with monitoring of physical behavior, environmental characteristics (such as geolocations, social interactions) and physiological function via sensors, e.g., mobile accelerometers, global-positioning-systems, and electrocardiography. In this review, we expand on promises of ambulatory assessment in the investigation of mental states (e.g., real-life, dynamical and contextual perspective), on chances for precision psychiatry such as the prediction of courses of psychiatric disorders, detection of tipping points and critical windows of relapse, and treatment effects as exemplified by ongoing projects, and on future avenues of how ambulatory interventions can benefit personalized care for psychiatric patients (e.g., through real-time feedback in everyday life). Ambulatory assessment is a key contributor to precision psychiatry, opening up promising avenues in research, diagnoses, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), 44801 Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Malika Renz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Brüßler
- mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Irina Timm
- mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ren Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Benedyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Moldavski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Zidda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
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16
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Ferrar J, Griffith GJ, Skirrow C, Cashdollar N, Taptiklis N, Dobson J, Cree F, Cormack FK, Barnett JH, Munafò MR. Developing Digital Tools for Remote Clinical Research: How to Evaluate the Validity and Practicality of Active Assessments in Field Settings. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26004. [PMID: 34142972 PMCID: PMC8277353 DOI: 10.2196/26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of remote research tools to collect granular, high-frequency data on symptoms and digital biomarkers is an important strength because it circumvents many limitations of traditional clinical trials and improves the ability to capture clinically relevant data. This approach allows researchers to capture more robust baselines and derive novel phenotypes for improved precision in diagnosis and accuracy in outcomes. The process for developing these tools however is complex because data need to be collected at a frequency that is meaningful but not burdensome for the participant or patient. Furthermore, traditional techniques, which rely on fixed conditions to validate assessments, may be inappropriate for validating tools that are designed to capture data under flexible conditions. This paper discusses the process for determining whether a digital assessment is suitable for remote research and offers suggestions on how to validate these novel tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ferrar
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Griffith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Skirrow
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Cashdollar
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - James Dobson
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Cree
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer H Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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17
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Investigating the mental health implications of urban environments with neuroscientific methods and mobile technologies: A systematic literature review. Health Place 2021; 70:102597. [PMID: 34107446 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization is an ongoing global process that is influencing and shaping individual mental health and well-being. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current literature containing state-of-the-art neuroscientific and mobile technologies that have been used to investigate the mental health implications of urban environments. Searches for peer-reviewed primary research articles were conducted in PubMed and SCOPUS, returning 33,443 papers; 90 empirical articles published from 1981 to 2021 were included in the final synthesis. Central findings suggest virtual reality and mobile electroencephalography to be the most commonly used methods, and demanding mood, affect, and health phenomena or states to be the most common concepts of study in both physical built settings and natural urban spaces. Recommendations for both future practice and study noting particular opportunities for future methodological contributions are discussed.
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18
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Reichert M, Schlegel S, Jagau F, Timm I, Wieland L, Ebner-Priemer UW, Hartmann A, Zeeck A. Mood and Dysfunctional Cognitions Constitute Within-Subject Antecedents and Consequences of Exercise in Eating Disorders. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2021; 89:119-121. [PMID: 31707385 DOI: 10.1159/000504061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Schlegel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Jagau
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lena Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin Hartmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Almut Zeeck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,
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19
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Koch ED, Tost H, Braun U, Gan G, Giurgiu M, Reinhard I, Zipf A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M. Relationships between incidental physical activity, exercise, and sports with subsequent mood in adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 30:2234-2250. [PMID: 33448493 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is beneficial for human physical health and well-being. Accordingly, the association between physical activity and mood in everyday life has been a subject of several Ambulatory Assessment studies. This mechanism has been studied in children, adults, and the elderly, but neglected in adolescents. It is critical to examine this mechanism in adolescents because adolescence plays a key role in human development and adolescents' physical activity behavior translates into their behavior in adulthood. We investigated adolescents' mood in relation to distinct physical activities: incidental activity such as climbing stairs; exercise activity, such as skating; and sports, such as playing soccer. We equipped 134 adolescents aged 12-17 years with accelerometers and GPS-triggered electronic diaries to use in their everyday life. Adolescents reported on mood repeatedly in real time across 7 days, and these data were analyzed using multilevel-modeling. After incidental activity, adolescents felt better and more energized. After exercise, adolescents felt better but less calm. After sports, adolescents felt less energized. Analyses of the time course of the effects confirmed our findings. Physical activity influences mood in adolescents' everyday life, but has distinct effects depending on the kind of physical activity. Our results suggest incidental and exercise activities entail higher post-bout valence compared to sports in competitive settings. These findings may serve as an important empirical basis for the targeted application of distinct physical activities to foster well-being in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D Koch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipf
- GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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20
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Roeh A, Lembeck M, Papazova I, Pross B, Hansbauer M, Schoenfeld J, Haller B, Halle M, Falkai P, Scherr J, Hasan A. Marathon running improves mood and negative affect. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:254-259. [PMID: 32854076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has beneficial effects on depression, as well as on other mental and somatic diseases. The amount of recommended exercise is still under discussion. We investigated whether marathon runners (MA) exhibit less or more depressive symptoms and negative affects compared to sedentary controls (SC) and how their mood changes in the context of marathon training and marathon running. METHODS We included 100 amateur marathon runners and 46 age- and gender matched sedentary controls in the ReCaP (Running effects on Cognition and Plasticity) study. Questionnaires contained Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). SC were evaluated one time at baseline, MA six times during the six months study period. RESULTS Compared to SC, marathon runners (281.80 ± 131.44 running min/week) exhibited less depressive symptoms, more positive affects (PANAS-PA) and a higher level of functioning (GAF). Within the marathon group, negative affect (PANAS-NA) decreased and general mood states (VAS) further improved throughout the study period with a maximum 24 h after the marathon. DISCUSSION MA had less depressive symptoms and a higher level of functioning compared to SC. Higher amounts than the recommended duration of 150 min/week aerobic training (WHO/ACSM) and the participation in a marathon seem to even further improve negative affect. These findings give new insight into the relationship between exercise and mood parameters. They can be implemented in future preventive strategies for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - M Lembeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - I Papazova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - B Pross
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hansbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - J Schoenfeld
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, D-80992, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - B Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, D-80992, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - P Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - J Scherr
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, D-80992, Munich, Germany; University Center for Preventive and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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21
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Reichert M, Braun U, Gan G, Reinhard I, Giurgiu M, Ma R, Zang Z, Hennig O, Koch ED, Wieland L, Schweiger J, Inta D, Hoell A, Akdeniz C, Zipf A, Ebner-Priemer UW, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A. A neural mechanism for affective well-being: Subgenual cingulate cortex mediates real-life effects of nonexercise activity on energy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eaaz8934. [PMID: 33158875 PMCID: PMC7673710 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity substantially improves well-being and mental health, but the underlying brain processes remain unclear. Most research concerns exercise, although the majority of everyday human behaviors, such as walking or stair climbing, are nonexercise activities. Combining neuroimaging with ecological assessment of activity and GPS-triggered smartphone diaries, we show a specific association of nonexercise activity with energy in two independent samples mediated by the subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), a key emotion regulatory site. Furthermore, energy predicted a range of mental health metrics. sgACC volume moderated humans' emotional gain from nonexercise activity in real life: Individuals with low sgACC volume, a risk factor for depression, felt less energized when inactive but benefited more from periods of high nonexercise activity. This suggests an everyday life mechanism affecting affective well-being in the general population and, if substantiated in patient samples, a risk and resilience process for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Division of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ren Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Zhenxiang Zang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Elena D Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Lena Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ceren Akdeniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipf
- Institute of Geography, GIScience Research Group, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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Giurgiu M, Niermann C, Ebner-Priemer U, Kanning M. Accuracy of Sedentary Behavior-Triggered Ecological Momentary Assessment for Collecting Contextual Information: Development and Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e17852. [PMID: 32930668 PMCID: PMC7525404 DOI: 10.2196/17852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior has received much attention in the scientific community over the past decade. There is growing evidence that sedentary behavior is negatively associated with physical and mental health. However, an in-depth understanding of the social and environmental context of sedentary behavior is missing. Information about sedentary behavior, such as how everyday sedentary behavior occurs throughout the day (eg, number and length of sedentary bouts), where, when, and with whom it takes place, and what people are doing while being sedentary, is useful to inform the development of interventions aimed at reducing sedentary time. However, examining everyday sedentary behavior requires specific methods. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is (1) to introduce sedentary behavior-triggered Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) as a methodological advancement in the field of sedentary behavior research and (2) to examine the accuracy of sedentary behavior-triggered EMA in 3 different studies in healthy adults. Moreover, we compare the accuracy of sedentary behavior-triggered EMA to simulations of random-trigger designs. METHODS Sedentary behavior-triggered EMA comprises a continuous assessment of sedentary behavior via accelerometers and repeated contextual assessments via electronic diaries (ie, an application on a smartphone). More specifically, the accelerometer analyzes and transfers data regarding body position (a sitting or lying position, or an upright position) via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to a smartphone in real time and triggers the deployment of questionnaires. Each time a participant spends a specified time (eg, 20 minutes) in a sedentary position, the e-diary triggers contextual assessments. To test the accuracy of this method, we calculated a percentage score for all triggered prompts in relation to the total number of bouts that could trigger a prompt. RESULTS Based on the accelerometer recordings, 29.3% (5062/17278) of all sedentary bouts were classified as moderate-to-long (20-40 minutes) and long bouts (≥ 41 minutes). On average, the accuracy by participant was 82.77% (3339/4034; SD 21.01%, range 71.00-88.22%) on the study level. Compared to simulations of random prompts (every 120 minutes), the number of triggered prompts was up to 47.9% (n=704) higher through the sedentary behavior-triggered EMA approach. Nearly 40% (799/2001) of all prolonged sedentary bouts (≥ 20 minutes) occurred during work, and in 57% (1140/2001) of all bouts, the participants were not alone. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behavior-triggered EMA is an accurate method for collecting contextual information on sedentary behavior in daily life. Given the growing interest in sedentary behavior research, this sophisticated approach offers a real advancement as it can be used to collect social and environmental contextual information or to unravel dynamic associations. Furthermore, it can be modified to develop sedentary behavior-triggered mHealth interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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23
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Giurgiu M, Koch ED, Plotnikoff RC, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M. Breaking Up Sedentary Behavior Optimally to Enhance Mood. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:457-465. [PMID: 31453884 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental evidence shows that breaking-up sedentary behavior is positively associated with positive mental health outcomes. However, whether sedentary breaks influence mood in everyday life is largely unknown. Moreover, it is unclear which break patterns are most beneficial to enhance mood. METHODS To investigate the degree to which sedentary break patterns influence mood dimensions in everyday life, we conducted an Ecological Momentary Assessment study in 92 university employees over 5 d. We continuously measured physical behavior (physical activity and sedentary behavior) objectively via accelerometers and assessed mood 10 times a day on smartphone diaries. We defined distinct break patterns, such as variations in frequency (number of breaks), duration (length of breaks), intensity (metabolic equivalent), and context (home or work) and used multilevel modeling to analyze the within-subject effects of sedentary break patterns on mood. RESULTS Break intensity was positively associated with subsequent valence (P < 0.01), energetic arousal (P < 0.01), and calmness (P < 0.05). Break frequency was positively associated with subsequent valence and energetic arousal (all P's < 0.01), but break duration was not associated with mood. Exploratory analyses indicated that breaking-up sedentary behavior was more beneficial at home than at work. CONCLUSIONS These ecologically valid findings suggest breaking-up sedentary behavior as a promising strategy to enhance mood in everyday life. In particular, breaking-up sedentary behavior frequently and intensively, for example, by walking instead of standing, may be most beneficial. We call for future studies to substantiate these accounts and to identify both practical and optimal break patterns among different samples. This evidence informs official public health recommendations aiming to "minimize sedentary time in everyday life."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena D Koch
- Mental mHealth Laboratory, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, GERMANY
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Laboratory, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, GERMANY
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24
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Reichert M, Giurgiu M, Koch E, Wieland LM, Lautenbach S, Neubauer AB, von Haaren-Mack B, Schilling R, Timm I, Notthoff N, Marzi I, Hill H, Brüβler S, Eckert T, Fiedler J, Burchartz A, Anedda B, Wunsch K, Gerber M, Jekauc D, Woll A, Dunton GF, Kanning M, Nigg CR, Ebner-Priemer U, Liao Y. Ambulatory Assessment for Physical Activity Research: State of the Science, Best Practices and Future Directions. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2020; 50:101742. [PMID: 32831643 PMCID: PMC7430559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Technological and digital progress benefits physical activity (PA) research. Here we compiled expert knowledge on how Ambulatory Assessment (AA) is utilized to advance PA research, i.e., we present results of the 2nd International CAPA Workshop 2019 "Physical Activity Assessment - State of the Science, Best Practices, Future Directions" where invited researchers with experience in PA assessment, evaluation, technology and application participated. First, we provide readers with the state of the AA science, then we give best practice recommendations on how to measure PA via AA and shed light on methodological frontiers, and we furthermore discuss future directions. AA encompasses a class of methods that allows the study of PA and its behavioral, biological and physiological correlates as they unfold in everyday life. AA includes monitoring of movement (e.g., via accelerometry), physiological function (e.g., via mobile electrocardiogram), contextual information (e.g., via geolocation-tracking), and ecological momentary assessment (EMA; e.g., electronic diaries) to capture self-reported information. The strengths of AA are data assessment that near realtime, which minimizes retrospective biases in real-world settings, consequentially enabling ecological valid findings. Importantly, AA enables multiple assessments across time within subjects resulting in intensive longitudinal data (ILD), which allows unraveling within-person determinants of PA in everyday life. In this paper, we show how AA methods such as triggered e-diaries and geolocation-tracking can be used to measure PA and its correlates, and furthermore how these findings may translate into real-life interventions. In sum, AA provides numerous possibilities for PA research, especially the opportunity to tackle within- subject antecedents, concomitants, and consequences of PA as they unfold in everyday life. In-depth insights on determinants of PA could help us design and deliver impactful interventions in real-world contexts, thus enabling us to solve critical health issues in the 21st century such as insufficient PA and high levels of sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University; postal address: Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University; postal address: Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Elena Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Lena M. Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sven Lautenbach
- Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology (HeiGIT) at Heidelberg University; postal address: Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 33, 69118 Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Neubauer
- Department of Education and Human Development, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education; postal address: Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
- Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA); postal address: Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Birte von Haaren-Mack
- Department of Health and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne; postal address: Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Renè Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Postal address: Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Nanna Notthoff
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Department of Sports Science, Leipzig University; postal address: Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Isabel Marzi
- Department of Sports Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); postal address: Gebbertstrasse 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Holger Hill
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Brüβler
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Eckert
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California; postal address: 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Janis Fiedler
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Anedda
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Postal address: Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California; postal address: 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Sport Science, Social and Health Sciences, University of Konstanz; postal address: Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, postal address: 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Reichert M, Braun U, Lautenbach S, Zipf A, Ebner-Priemer U, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Studying the impact of built environments on human mental health in everyday life: methodological developments, state-of-the-art and technological frontiers. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 32:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mehren A, Reichert M, Coghill D, Müller HHO, Braun N, Philipsen A. Physical exercise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - evidence and implications for the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2020; 7:1. [PMID: 31921425 PMCID: PMC6945516 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-019-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature indicates a potential role for physical exercise in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Suggested effects include the reduction of ADHD core symptoms as well as improvements in executive functions. In the current review, we provide a short overview on the neurophysiological mechanisms assumed to underlie the beneficial effects of exercise. Further, we review the current evidence from experimental studies regarding both acute exercise and long-term interventions in ADHD. While the positive effects observed after acute aerobic exercise are promising, very few well-designed long-term intervention studies have been conducted yet. Moreover, although exercise effects have not yet been studied in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in the end of this paper we derive hypotheses why exercise could also be beneficial for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Mehren
- 1Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology Lab, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- 2Department of Applied Psychology, Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,3Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Coghill
- 4Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Helge H O Müller
- 5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niclas Braun
- 5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- 5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Tost H, Reichert M, Braun U, Reinhard I, Peters R, Lautenbach S, Hoell A, Schwarz E, Ebner-Priemer U, Zipf A, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Neural correlates of individual differences in affective benefit of real-life urban green space exposure. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1389-1393. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Giurgiu M, Koch ED, Ottenbacher J, Plotnikoff RC, Ebner‐Priemer UW, Reichert M. Sedentary behavior in everyday life relates negatively to mood: An ambulatory assessment study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1340-1351. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giurgiu
- Department of Sports and Sports Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Elena D. Koch
- Department of Sports and Sports Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | | | - Ronald C. Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
| | - Ulrich W. Ebner‐Priemer
- Department of Sports and Sports Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Department of Sports and Sports Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
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Reichert M, Kapteinat I, Lauvai I, Hennig O, Reinhard I, Braun U, Limberger MF, Ebner-Priemer UW. Erste Schritte zu Smartphone-basierten Sportinterventionen im Alltag? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Digitalisierung ermöglicht die vielversprechende Integration von Gesundheitsinterventionen in unseren Alltag, u.a. auf Smartphones, und bietet Chancen zur Implementierung von Bewegungsinterventionen, von denen auch insbesondere psychisch Erkrankte profitieren können. Allerdings ist die Kluft zwischen technisch bereits Umsetzbarem und Wissen um Wirkungen im Alltag groß. Beispielsweise wurde gezeigt, dass Sport generell Depressionssymptomen entgegenwirkt. Der spezifische Einfluss von Sportinterventionen auf die Alltags-Stimmung – einem der drei von Depressionen betroffenen Kernbereiche – ist jedoch unzureichend erforscht. Um diesen spezifischen Effekt zu untersuchen und den Weg zu evidenzbasierten Smartphoneinterventionen zu ebnen, statteten wir 15 depressive Personen jeweils drei Tage vor und nach einer zehnwöchigen Sportintervention mit Smartphone-Tagebüchern aus. Die Probanden beantworteten 83.6% aller Stimmungsabfragen. Signifikante Cross-Level-Interaktionen in Mehrebenen-Analysen bestätigten, dass Personen, die zu Interventionsbeginn weniger Sport trieben, größere Stimmungsverbesserungen nach der Intervention zeigten (Gute-Schlechte-Stimmung: b = 5.8; Ruhe-Unruhe: b = 5.3). Diese Pilotergebnisse sollen helfen, den vielversprechenden Weg zu evidenzbasierten sportpsychologischen Interventionen auf dem Smartphone zu ebnen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Inga Kapteinat
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
| | - Isaia Lauvai
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
| | - Oliver Hennig
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Abteilung für Biostatistik, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Urs Braun
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Matthias F. Limberger
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
| | - Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
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Koch ED, Tost H, Braun U, Gan G, Giurgiu M, Reinhard I, Zipf A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M. Mood Dimensions Show Distinct Within-Subject Associations With Non-exercise Activity in Adolescents: An Ambulatory Assessment Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:268. [PMID: 29563889 PMCID: PMC5850094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is known to preserve both physical and mental health. However, the physical activity levels of a large proportion of adolescents are insufficient. This is critical, since physical activity levels in youth have been shown to translate into adulthood. Whereas in adult populations, mood has been supposed to be one important psychological factor that drives physical activity in everyday life, this issue has been poorly studied in adolescent populations. Ambulatory Assessment is the state-of-the-art approach to investigate how mood and non-exercise activity fluctuate within persons in everyday life. Through assessments in real time and real life, this method provides ecological validity, bypassing several limitations of traditional assessment methods (e.g., recall biases). To investigate whether mood is associated with non-exercise activity in adolescents, we equipped a community-based sample comprising 113 participants, aged 12–17 years, with GPS-triggered e-diaries querying for valence, energetic arousal, and calmness, and with accelerometers continuously measuring physical activity in their everyday lives for 1 week. We excluded all acceleration data due to participants' exercise activities and thereafter we parameterized non-exercise activity as the mean value across 10-min intervals of movement acceleration intensity following each e-diary prompt. We used multilevel analyses to compute the effects of the mood dimensions on non-exercise activity within 10-min intervals directly following each e-diary prompt. Additionally, we conducted explorative analyses of the time course of the effects, i.e., on different timeframes of non-exercise activity up to 300 min following the mood assessment. The results showed that valence (p < 0.001) and energetic arousal (p < 0.001) were positively associated with non-exercise activity within the 10 min interval, whereas calmness (p < 0.001) was negatively associated with non-exercise activity. Specifically, adolescents who felt more content, full of energy, or less calm were more physically active in subsequent timeframes. Overall, our results demonstrate significant associations of mood with non-exercise activity in younger ages and converge with the previously observed association between mood and physical activity in adults. This knowledge on distinct associations of mood-dimensions with non-exercise activity may help to foster physical activity levels in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Division of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipf
- GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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