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Cherubini JM, Cheng JL, Armstrong CM, Kamal MJ, Parise G, MacDonald MJ. Acute partial sleep restriction does not impact arterial function in young and healthy humans. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38900696 DOI: 10.1113/ep091699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Habitual short sleep durations are associated with several cardiovascular diseases. Experimental research generally supports these findings as metrics of arterial function are impaired after complete deprivation of sleep and after longer periods of partial sleep restriction. The acute influence of a single instance of partial sleep restriction (PSR), however, has not been defined. We evaluated arterial structure and function among 32 university-aged participants on two occasions: once after normal habitual sleep (NS), and again the morning after an acute partial sleep restriction (PSR) intervention involving only 3 h of sleep for a single night. Endothelial function was measured using ultrasonography at the brachial artery via flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and a ramp peak oxygen uptake test was used to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. Blood samples were collected from a subset of participants to investigate the influence of circulatory factors on cellular mechanisms implicated in endothelial function. Sleep duration was lower after a night of PSR compared to NS (P < 0.001); however, there were no appreciable differences in any haemodynamic outcome between conditions. FMD was not different between NS and PSR (NS: 6.5 ± 2.9%; PSR: 6.3 ± 2.9%; P = 0.668), and cardiorespiratory fitness did not moderate the haemodynamic response to PSR (all P > 0.05). Ex vivo cell culture results aligned with in vivo data, showing that acute PSR does not alter intracellular processes involved in endothelial function. No differences in arterial structure or function were observed between NS and acute PSR in healthy and young participants, and cardiorespiratory fitness does not modulate the arterial response to acute sleep restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Cherubini
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jem L Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin M Armstrong
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Kamal
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Soto-Rodríguez FJ, Moya AP, Bobadilla-Agouborde CJ, Pérez-Mármol JM. Effect of Exercise Prior to Sedentary Behavior on Vascular Health Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Crossover Trials. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:69. [PMID: 38853205 PMCID: PMC11162984 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior has been shown to negatively affect parameters of endothelial function and central hemodynamics, both of which are closely associated with vascular health. Exercise prior to sedentary behavior has demonstrated potential as a preventive strategy to mitigate these detrimental effects. To evaluate the impact of exercise prior to sedentary behavior on vascular health parameters in the adult population, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, synthesizing the available body of knowledge. METHODS A literature search was carried out in 6 databases. For each outcome, standard error and mean difference or standardized mean difference were calculated, as appropriate. An analysis was performed using a random effects model with a 95% confidence interval, using the inverse variance statistical method. Risk of bias assessment was performed using ROB2 and considerations for crossover trials. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. RESULTS Exercise performed prior to prolonged sedentary behavior resulted in increased flow-mediated vasodilation at the first and third hours of sedentary time, compared with the control condition of sedentary behavior without prior exercise [MD: 1.51% (95% CI: 0.57 to 2.45) and MD: 1.36% (95% CI: 0.56 to 2.16), respectively]. Moreover, prior exercise led to increased shear rate at the first and third hours of sedentary time [MD: 7.70 s^-1 (95% CI: 0.79 to 14.61) and MD: 5.21 s^-1 (95% CI: 1.77 to 8.43), respectively]. Furthermore, it increased blood flow at the third hour [SMD: 0.40 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.72)], compared with the control condition of prolonged sedentary behavior without prior exercise. Regarding hemodynamic parameters, exercise prior to prolonged sedentary behavior decreased mean arterial pressure during the first and third hours of sedentary behavior [MD: -1.94 mmHg (95% CI: -2.77 to -1.11) and MD: -1.90 mmHg (95% CI: -3.27 to -0.53), respectively], and an increase in heart rate during the first hour [MD: 4.38 beats per minute (95%CI: 2.78 to 5.98)] compared with the control condition of prolonged sedentary behavior without prior exercise. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research suggest that prior exercise may prevent the impairment of vascular health parameters caused by sedentary behavior. However, the quality of the evidence was estimated as moderate. Therefore, further experimental studies and high-quality clinical trials are needed in this field to strengthen the results and conclusions drawn. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023393686.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Soto-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Kinesiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Alicia Peris Moya
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Pérez-Mármol
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Paterson C, Stone K, Turner L, Moinuddin A, Stoner L, Fryer S. The effect of cardiorespiratory fitness and habitual physical activity on cardiovascular responses to 2 h of uninterrupted sitting. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1087-1096. [PMID: 38482575 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00361.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged uninterrupted sitting of >3 h has been shown to acutely cause central and peripheral cardiovascular dysfunction. However, individuals rarely sit uninterrupted for >2 h, and the cardiovascular response to this time is currently unknown. In addition, while increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and habitual physical activity (HPA) are independently associated with improvements in central and peripheral cardiovascular function, it remains unclear whether they influence the response to uninterrupted sitting. This study sought to 1) determine whether 2 h of uninterrupted sitting acutely impairs carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), femoral ankle PWV (faPWV), and central and peripheral blood pressure and 2) investigate the associations between CRF and HPA versus PWV changes during uninterrupted sitting. Following 2 h of uninterrupted sitting, faPWV significantly increased [mean difference (MD) = 0.26 m·s-1, standard error (SE) = 0.10, P = 0.013] as did diastolic blood pressure (MD = 2.83 mmHg, SE = 1.08, P = 0.014), however, cfPWV did not significantly change. Although our study shows 2 h of uninterrupted sitting significantly impairs faPWV, neither CRF (r = 0.105, P = 0.595) nor HPA (r = -0.228, P = 0.253) was associated with the increases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that neither cardiorespiratory fitness nor habitual physical activity influence central and peripheral cardiovascular responses to a 2-h bout of uninterrupted sitting in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Paterson
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Keeron Stone
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Turner
- School of Natural, Social and Sport Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Arsalan Moinuddin
- School of Natural, Social and Sport Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Simon Fryer
- School of Natural, Social and Sport Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
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Landers-Ramos RQ, Dondero K, Imery I, Reveille N, Zabriskie HA, Dobrosielski DA. Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition on resting and post-exercise indices of vascular health in young adults. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:54-62. [PMID: 38463670 PMCID: PMC10918352 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy individuals. This study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation (FMD) and vascular augmentation index (AIx75) between young adults with low, moderate, and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness before and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Forty-three participants (22 men; 21 women) between 18 and 29 years of age completed the study. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high health-related cardiorespiratory fitness groups according to age- and sex-based relative maximal oxygen consumption (V ˙ O2 max) percentile rankings. FMD was performed using Doppler ultrasound and AIx75 was performed using pulse wave analysis at baseline and 60-min after a 30-min bout of treadmill running at 70% V ˙ O2 max. A significant interaction (p = 0.047; ηp2 = 0.142) was observed, with the moderate fitness group exhibiting a higher FMD post-exercise compared with baseline ([6.7% ± 3.1%] vs. [8.5% ± 2.8%], p = 0.028; d = 0.598). We found a significant main effect of group for AIx75 (p = 0.023; ηp2 = 0.168), with the high fitness group exhibiting lower AIx75 compared to low fitness group ([-10% ± 10%] vs. [2% ± 10%], respectively, p = 0.019; g = 1.07). This was eliminated after covarying for body fat percentage (p = 0.489). Our findings suggest that resting FMD and AIx75 responses are not significantly influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness, but FMD recovery responses to exercise may be enhanced in individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Dondero
- Towson University, Department of Kinesiology, Towson, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Imery
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Cell Biology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Adams NT, Paterson C, Poles J, Higgins S, Stoner L. The Effect of Sitting Duration on Peripheral Blood Pressure Responses to Prolonged Sitting, With and Without Interruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:169-183. [PMID: 37682412 PMCID: PMC10872309 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous meta-analysis reported that: (i) an acute bout of prolonged uninterrupted sitting induces a significant increase in peripheral blood pressure (BP) and (ii) the increase in BP can be offset by interrupting the sitting bout with light aerobic activities such as walking. However, the temporal association between prolonged uninterrupted sitting and BP was not determined. A better understanding of temporality, for example, how long it takes BP to increase, will assist in prescribing sitting interruption strategies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine: (1) the temporal association between the duration of uninterrupted sitting and BP and (2) whether regular sitting interruptions moderate the association between uninterrupted sitting and BP. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to July 2022. Reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews were also screened. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria for objective (1) were: (i) participants aged ≥ 18 years; (ii) a prolonged sitting bout ≥ 1 h; and (iii) peripheral BP measurements (systolic BP, diastolic BP, and/or mean arterial pressure) at more than two timepoints during the sitting bout. Additional criteria for objective (2) were: (i) the sitting interruption strategy was implemented during the sitting bout (i.e., not prior to engaging in sitting) and (ii) the study included a control (uninterrupted sitting) condition or group. APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS There were 1555 articles identified, of which 33 met inclusion criteria for objective (1). Of those articles, 20 met inclusion criteria for objective (2). To investigate the effect of sitting duration on the BP response, unstandardized b coefficients (mmHg/h) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a three-level mixed-effect meta-regression. RESULTS Increased sitting duration was positively associated with systolic BP (b = 0.42 mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.18-0.60), diastolic BP (b = 0.24 mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.06-0.42), and mean arterial pressure (b = 0.66 mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.36-0.90). In trials where sitting was interrupted, there was a significant decrease in systolic BP (b = - 0.24 mmHg/h, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.06) and diastolic BP (b = - 0.24 mmHg/h, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.12), and a non-significant change in mean arterial pressure (p = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS Increased uninterrupted sitting duration results in greater increases in BP; however, regularly interrupting sitting may offset negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Adams
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, 1238 Discovery Ave, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V9, Canada.
| | - Craig Paterson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jillian Poles
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Wright A, Stavres J, Galloway R, Donahue P, Sha Z, McCoy S. Aortic stiffness increases during prolonged sitting independent of intermittent standing or prior exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:533-546. [PMID: 36334128 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse vascular responses can occur during prolonged sitting, including stiffening of the aortic artery which may contribute to cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the impact of intermittent standing and/or prior exercise as strategies to attenuate these potentially deleterious vascular changes. PURPOSE To investigate central vascular health responses during prolonged sitting, with and without intermittent standing and/or prior exercise. METHODS Fifteen males aged 18 to 31 years were recruited. Subjects completed a control condition [Sitting Only (SO)], and three randomized strategy conditions [Sitting Plus Standing (SSt), Exercise Plus Sitting (ES), Exercise Plus Sitting Plus Standing (ESSt)]. For all conditions, measurements of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were taken at pre- and post-intervention, and brachial and central blood pressure (BP) at pre-, 1-h, 2-h, and 3-h intervention. RESULTS cfPWV significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention for all conditions (all p ≤ 0.043), as did brachial mean arterial pressure (MAP) and diastolic BP, and central MAP and diastolic BP for the control condition (all p ≤ 0.022). Brachial and central systolic BP were significantly higher during SO compared to ESSt at 1 h, and compared to ES for central systolic BP (all p ≤ 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Strategies of intermittent standing and/or prior exercise may not prevent aortic stiffening during sitting but may attenuate BP elevations in the brachial and aortic arteries. Future research should investigate causal mechanistic links between sitting and aortic stiffening, and other attenuation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wright
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Jon Stavres
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Riley Galloway
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Paul Donahue
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Zhanxin Sha
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Stephanie McCoy
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Ravichandran S, Sukumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Kadavigere R, N SK, Palaniswamy HP, Uppoor R, Ravichandran K, Almeshari M, Alzamil Y, Abanomy A. Influence of Sedentary Behaviour Interventions on Vascular Functions and Cognitive Functions in Hypertensive Adults-A Scoping Review on Potential Mechanisms and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215120. [PMID: 36429835 PMCID: PMC9690278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the workplace has become desk-based and leisure time has become dominated by digital relaxation modes, the world is moving at a pace where physical activity has become a time-bound routine. The negative effects of extended sitting are a global concern since the workforce is becoming more desk based. There is a dearth of reviews that may link the knowledge on the effects of sedentary behaviour on hypertension and its accompanying damage to the brain and blood vessels and provide a future scope for the investigations connected to the relationship between sedentary behaviour and hypertension. Methods: Based on the database search and extensive research we did, we found studies that concentrated on the adverse effects of sedentary behaviour in association with blood pressure, cognitive decline and brain damage on adults. Results: We extracted 12 articles out of 20,625. We identified the potential adverse effects of sedentary behaviour, methods to reduce sedentary behaviour and the positive changes on health due to the interventions introduced. Sedentary lifestyle has shown a decline in human health. However, the visible symptoms presented later in life makes it very important to know the areas of decline and look for ways to curb the decline or procrastinate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Raghuraj Uppoor
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Derelakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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Soto-Rodríguez FJ, Cabañas EI, Pérez-Mármol JM. Impact of prolonged sitting interruption strategies on shear rate, flow-mediated dilation and blood flow in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized cross-over trials. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1558-1567. [PMID: 35731706 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting has been shown to affect endothelial function. Strategies that promote interruption of sitting have shown varying results on the shear rate (SR), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood flow (BF). Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to 1) increase the existing knowledge of the impact of sitting interruption in the prevention of endothelial dysfunction in adults and 2) determine the effect of the sitting interruption strategies on SR, FMD, BF. Literature search was carried out through 7 databases. A random effects model was used to provide the overall mean difference with a 95%CI, and forest plots were generated for pooled estimates of each study outcome. Assessment of biases was performed using ROB2 and considerations for crossover trials. Prolonged sitting interruption strategies showed a significant effect in increasing SR (MD: 7.58 s-1; 95% CI: 3.00 to 12.17), FMD (MD: 1.74%; 95% CI: 0.55 to 2.93) and BF (MD: 12.08 ml/min; 95% CI: 7.61 to 16.55) when compared with the uninterrupted prolonged sitting condition. Prolonged sitting interruption strategies significantly increase SR, FMD and BF, therefore, they represent a considerable effective preventive method on endothelial dysfunction caused by acute exposure to uninterrupted prolonged sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Soto-Rodríguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Kinesiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Eva Isidoro Cabañas
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Mármol
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Morishima T, Iemitsu M, Fujie S, Ochi E. Prior beetroot juice ingestion offsets endothelial dysfunction following prolonged sitting. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:69-74. [PMID: 35652829 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00200.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction following prolonged sitting remain largely unknown. Given that beetroot juice (BRJ) ingestion enhances nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, we aimed to evaluate whether prior BRJ ingestion would prevent sitting-induced endothelial dysfunction in the leg. Eleven healthy young males (n = 7) and females (n = 4) underwent two experimental trials of prolonged sitting with prior: 1) placebo ingestion (PL trial) and 2) BRJ ingestion (BRJ trial). All subjects ingested 140 ml of PL or BRJ (~0.0055 or ~12.8 mmol of nitrate, respectively) immediately before 3 h of sitting. Pre and post-sitting measurement of popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood pressure, and blood collection were undertaken. During the sitting period, an hourly assessment of popliteal artery diameter and blood velocity, blood pressure, and blood collection was performed. Popliteal artery blood flow and shear rate were significantly and similarly reduced during the sitting period in both trials (p < 0.001). Plasma nitrate and NOx (total nitrite and nitrate) concentrations were significantly increased relative to baseline in the only BRJ trial, and the overall concentrations were significantly higher in the BRJ trial (p < 0.001). Popliteal artery FMD was significantly reduced after the sitting period in the PL trial (p < 0.05), whereas no reduction was observed in the BRJ trial. Therefore, prior BRJ ingestion would prevent sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction via enhancing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Morishima
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Taylor FC, Pinto AJ, Maniar N, Dunstan DW, Green DJ. The Acute Effects of Prolonged Uninterrupted Sitting on Vascular Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:67-76. [PMID: 34334722 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the dose-response relationship between prolonged sitting and vascular function in healthy individuals and those with metabolic disturbances and to investigate the acute effects, on vascular function, of interventions that target interrupting prolonged sitting. DESIGN This is a systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 4 December 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomized crossover trials, quasi-randomized trials, and parallel group trials where vascular function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) was assessed before and after an acute period of sedentary behavior was used in this study. RESULTS Prolonged sitting resulted in a significant decrease in the standardized mean change (SMC) for lower-limb FMD at the 120-min (SMC = -0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.32 to -0.38) and 180-min (SMC = -1.18, 95% CI = -1.69 to -0.66) time points. A similar pattern was observed for lower-limb shear rate. No significant changes were observed for any outcomes in the upper limb. Subgroup analysis indicated that prolonged sitting decreased lower-limb FMD in healthy adults (SMC = -1.33, 95% CI = -1.89 to -0.78) who had higher a priori vascular endothelial function, but not in those with metabolic and vascular dysfunction (SMC = -0.51, 95% CI = -1.18 to 0.15). Interrupting sitting with active interruptions increased the standardized mean difference for FMD, relative to prolonged sitting, but it was not statistically significant (0.13, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Lower-limb vascular function is progressively impaired as a consequence of prolonged sitting, up to 180 min. A similar trend was not observed in upper-limb vascular function. Subgroup analysis indicated that prolonged sitting negatively affects healthy populations, a finding not observed in those with metabolic disturbances. Regularly interrupting sitting with activity may be beneficial for those with metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana J Pinto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Daniel J Green
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
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The Effects of Acute Exposure to Prolonged Sitting, with and Without Interruption, on Peripheral Blood Pressure Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 52:1369-1383. [PMID: 34932203 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reviews have shown that exposure to acute prolonged sitting can have detrimental effects on several cardiovascular and cardiometabolic health markers. However, to date, there has been no synthesis of peripheral blood pressure data (including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure), an important and translatable marker of cardiovascular health. Similarly, no previous study has consolidated the effects of sitting interruptions on peripheral blood pressure. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) assess the effect of exposure to acute prolonged sitting on peripheral blood pressure and (2) determine the efficacy of sitting interruption strategies as a means of offsetting any negative effects. Subgroup analyses by age and interruption modality were performed to explore heterogeneity. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to March 2021. Reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews were also screened. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria for objective (1) were: (i) peripheral blood pressure was assessed non-invasively in the upper limb pre-sitting and post-sitting; (ii) studies were either randomised controlled, randomised crossover or quasi-experimental pre-test vs post-test trials; (iii) the sitting period was ≥ 1 h; (iv) pre-sitting and post-sitting measures were performed in the same posture; and (v) participants were adults (aged ≥ 18 years), free of autonomic or neuromuscular dysfunction. Additional criteria for objective (2) were: (i) the interruption strategy was during the sitting period; (ii) there was an uninterrupted sitting control condition; and (iii) the interruption strategy must have involved participants actively moving their upper or lower limbs. APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS In total, 9763 articles were identified, of which 33 met inclusion criteria for objective (1). Of those articles, 22 met inclusion criteria for objective (2). Weighted mean difference (WMD), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and standardised mean difference (SMD) were calculated for all trials using inverse variance heterogeneity meta-analysis modelling. Standardised mean difference was used to determine the magnitude of effect, where < 0.2, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 were defined as trivial, small, moderate and large, respectively. RESULTS (1) Prolonged uninterrupted sitting resulted in trivial and small significant increases in systolic blood pressure (WMD = 3.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0.6 to 5.8, SMD = 0.14) and mean arterial pressure (WMD = 3.3 mmHg, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.4, SMD = 0.37), respectively, and a non-significant trivial increase in diastolic blood pressure. Subgroup analyses indicated that the increases in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were more pronounced in younger age groups. (2) Interrupting bouts of prolonged sitting resulted in significantly lower systolic blood pressure (WMD = - 4.4 mmHg, 95% CI - 7.4 to - 1.5, SMD = 0.26) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = - 2.4 mmHg, 95% CI - 4.5 to - 0.3, SMD = 0.19) compared with control conditions, particularly when using aerobic interruption strategies. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to acute prolonged uninterrupted sitting results in significant increases in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure, particularly in younger age groups. Regularly interrupting bouts of prolonged sitting, particularly with aerobic interruption strategies may reduce negative effects.
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Hara M, Nishida Y, Tanaka K, Shimanoe C, Koga K, Furukawa T, Higaki Y, Shinchi K, Ikezaki H, Murata M, Takeuchi K, Tamura T, Hishida A, Tsukamoto M, Kadomatsu Y, Matsuo K, Oze I, Haruo M, Miho K, Takezaki T, Ibusuki R, Suzuki S, Nakagawa-Senda H, Matsui D, Koyama T, Kuriki K, Takashima N, Nakamura Y, Arisawa K, Katsuura-Kamano S, Wakai K. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior are independently associated with renal function: a cross-sectional study. J Epidemiol 2021. [PMID: 34657911 PMCID: PMC10165219 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about whether insufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and longer sedentary behavior (SB) are independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD, whether they interact with known risk factors for CKD, and the effect of replacing sedentary time with an equivalent duration of physical activity on kidney function. METHODS We examined the cross-sectional association of MVPA and SB with eGFR and CKD in 66,603 Japanese cohort study in 14 areas from 2004 to 2013. MVPA and SB were estimated using a self-reported questionnaire, and CKD was defined as eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multiple linear regression analyses, logistic regression analyses, and an isotemporal substitution model were applied. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, higher MVPA and longer SB were independently associated with higher eGFR (Pfor trend MVPA<0.0001) and lower eGFR (Pfor trend SB<0.0001), and a lower odds ratio (OR) of CKD (adjusted OR of MVPA≥20 MET·h/day: 0.76 [95%CI: 0.68-0.85] compared to MVPA<5 MET·h/day) and a higher OR of CKD (adjusted OR of SB≥16 h/day: 1.81 [95%CI: 1.52-2.15] compared to SB<7 h/day), respectively. The negative association between MVPA and CKD was stronger in men, and significant interactions between sex and MVPA were detected. Replacing 1 hour of SB with 1 hour of physical activity was associated with about 3 to 4% lower OR of CKD. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that replacing SB with physical activity may benefit kidney function, especially in men, adding to the possible evidence on CKD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Chisato Shimanoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University.,Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital
| | - Kayoko Koga
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Takuma Furukawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University
| | - Koichi Shinchi
- Division of International Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mineko Tsukamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuka Kadomatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Mikami Haruo
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Kusakabe Miho
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Yamashina Racto Clinic and Medical Examination Center
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Liu H, O'Brien MW, Johns JA, Kimmerly DS. Does aerobic fitness impact prolonged sitting-induced popliteal artery endothelial dysfunction? Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3233-3241. [PMID: 34417882 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute prolonged bouts of sitting reduce popliteal artery blood flow and flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Individuals with higher aerobic fitness have enhanced popliteal FMD. Conflicting evidence regarding whether more aerobically fit individuals are protected from the negative impacts of sitting on popliteal endothelial function in male-dominated studies have been reported. We further explored the relationship between aerobic fitness and sitting-induced impairments in popliteal blood flow and FMD in a more sex-balanced cohort. METHODS Relative peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) was assessed using a cycling-based incremental test in 21 healthy adults (eight males; 23 ± 2 years; 23.9 ± 2.9 kg/m2). Popliteal blood flow and relative FMD (%) were measured via duplex ultrasonography before and after 3 h of uninterrupted sitting. Pearson correlations were performed separately between V̇O2peak versus pre-sitting and sitting-induced reductions in popliteal outcomes. RESULTS Aerobic fitness (41.0 ± 9.7 ml/kg/min) was positively correlated with pre-sitting popliteal blood flow (65 ± 23 mL/min; R = 0.59, P = 0.005) and relative FMD (4.2 ± 1.5%; R = 0.49, P = 0.03). As expected, sitting reduced resting blood flow (19 ± 11 mL/min) and FMD (1.9 ± 0.7%) (both, P < 0.001). V̇O2peak was inversely related to sitting-induced declines in blood flow (Δ-46 ± 23 mL/min; R = - 0.71, P < 0.001) and FMD (Δ-2.4 ± 1.5%; R = - 0.51, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Although higher aerobic fitness was associated with more favorable popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilator responses, it also corresponded with larger sitting-induced impairments in FMD. This suggests that being more aerobically fit does not protect against sitting-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. As such, all young adults should minimize habitual prolonged sedentary bouts, regardless of their aerobic fitness level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Liu
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Myles W O'Brien
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jarrett A Johns
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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O’Brien MW, Johns JA, Al-Hinnawi A, Kimmerly DS. Popliteal flow-mediated dilatory responses to an acute bout of prolonged sitting between earlier and later phases of natural menstrual and oral contraceptive pill cycles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:637-645. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00424.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared changes in popliteal artery endothelial function to a 3-h bout of sitting in females across their natural menstrual or oral contraceptive pill cycles. Pre-sitting endothelial-dependent vasodilation was greater in females who naturally menstruate during the later versus earlier phase but unchanged among contraceptive pill phases. Neither menstrual nor oral contraceptive pill phases attenuated the robust decline in conduit artery health following an acute period of uninterrupted sitting in young females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles W. O’Brien
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jarrett A. Johns
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amera Al-Hinnawi
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Derek S. Kimmerly
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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