1
|
Zhao F, Gidwani R, Wang MC, Chen L, Nianogo RA. Exploring the role of blood pressure in the black-white disparity in cardiovascular disease mortality: a causal mediation analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:544-549. [PMID: 38782546 PMCID: PMC11316631 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2024-222037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the USA, and high blood pressure is a major risk factor for CVD. Despite the overall declining rates of CVD mortality in the USA in recent years, marked disparities between racial and ethnic groups persist, with black adults having a higher mortality rate than white adults. We investigated the extent to which blood pressure mediated the black-white disparity in CVD mortality. METHODS Data came from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a diverse longitudinal cohort. We included 1325 black and 2256 white community-based adults aged 45-80 years free of clinical CVD at baseline and followed for 14 years. We used causal mediation analysis to estimate the effect of race on CVD mortality that was mediated through blood pressure. RESULTS Black participants had a higher hazard of dying from CVD compared with white participants (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.28 (95% CI 0.88, 1.88)), though estimates were imprecise. Systolic blood pressure mediated 27% (HR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.06) and diastolic blood pressure mediated 55% (HR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.10) of the racial disparities in CVD mortality between white and black participants. Mediation effects were present in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS We found that black-white differences in blood pressure partially explain the observed black-white disparity in CVD mortality, particularly among men. Our findings suggest that public health interventions targeting high blood pressure prevention and management could be important strategies for reducing racial disparities in CVD mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Risha Gidwani
- RAND, Santa Monica, California, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - May C Wang
- Department of Community Health Science, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roch A Nianogo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
- 5California Center for Population Research (CCPR), Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadler DG, Treas L, Ross T, Sikes JD, Britton SL, Koch LG, Piccolo BD, Børsheim E, Porter C. Parental cardiorespiratory fitness influences early life energetics and metabolic health. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:145-157. [PMID: 38009224 PMCID: PMC11281807 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00045.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic disease and is linked to superior mitochondrial respiratory function. This study investigated how intrinsic CRF affects bioenergetics and metabolic health in adulthood and early life. Adult rats selectively bred for low and high running capacity [low capacity runners (LCR) and high capacity runners (HCR), respectively] underwent metabolic phenotyping before mating. Weanlings were evaluated at 4-6 wk of age, and whole body energetics and behavior were assessed using metabolic cages. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed in permeabilized tissues through high-resolution respirometry. Proteomic signatures of adult and weanling tissues were determined using mass spectrometry. The adult HCR group exhibited lower body mass, improved glucose tolerance, and greater physical activity compared with the LCR group. The adult HCR group demonstrated higher mitochondrial respiratory capacities in the soleus and heart compared with the adult LCR group, which coincided with a greater abundance of proteins involved in lipid catabolism. HCR and LCR weanlings had similar body mass, but HCR weanlings displayed reduced adiposity. In addition, HCR weanlings exhibited better glucose tolerance and higher physical activity levels than LCR weanlings. Higher respiratory capacities were observed in the soleus, heart, and liver tissues of HCR weanlings compared with LCR weanlings, which were not owed to greater mitochondrial content. Proteomic analyses indicated a greater potential for lipid oxidation in the contractile muscles of HCR weanlings. In conclusion, offspring born to parents with high CRF possess an enhanced capacity for lipid catabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby influencing metabolic health. These findings highlight that intrinsic CRF shapes the bioenergetic phenotype with implications for metabolic resilience in early life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inherited cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) influences early life bioenergetics and metabolic health. Higher intrinsic CRF was associated with reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance in early life. This metabolic phenotype was accompanied by greater mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver tissue. Proteomic profiling of these three tissues further revealed potential mechanisms linking inherited CRF to early life metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sadler
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Lillie Treas
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Taylor Ross
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - James D Sikes
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Craig Porter
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chuang HH, Cherng WJ, Lin CH, Lee LA, Hsu KH, Lin RH. Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1157351. [PMID: 37143976 PMCID: PMC10151579 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric hypertension contributes to adulthood hypertension and target organ damage. Obesity is a well-known predictor for pediatric hypertension; however, the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) is unclear among children. This study aimed to compare the differences in demographics, anthropometrics, and physical fitness across BP subgroups and investigate whether physical fitness was related to pediatric hypertension independent of weight status. Methods This quantitative, cross-sectional study investigated demographic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and BP measures among 360 healthy school-aged children. Continuous variables were compared across BP subgroups with the one-way analysis of variance. Mediation and moderation analyses were used to explore the mechanism. Multivariable regression models were used to assess independent associations for hypertension. Results There were 177 (49.2%), 37 (10.3%), and 146 (40.6%) children in the normotensive, elevated BP, and hypertensive subgroups, respectively. The hypertensive subgroup had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio percentiles and performed worse in 800-m run, standing long jump (SLJ), and 1-min sit-ups than the normotensive subgroup. Furthermore, the 800-m run percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) and sit and reach percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) mediated the relationship between the BMI percentile and systolic BP percentile; the SLJ percentile was directly associated with the diastolic BP percentile (β,-0.197, 95% confidence interval,-0.298-0.097; p < 0.001). The parsimonious model of multivariable regression models revealed that the SLJ percentile (adjusted exp (β), 0.992, 95% confidence interval, 0.985-0.999; p = 0.042) and BMI percentile (adjusted exp (β), 1.024, 95% confidence interval, 1.016-1.032; p < 0.001) were two independent predictors for pediatric hypertension. Conclusion Physical fitness mediates the relationship between anthropometric and BP measures. The SLJ percentile is associated with pediatric hypertension independent of the BMI percentile. Proactive screening and health promotion for not only healthy weight status but also good physical fitness may be beneficial for BP control among school-aged students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Chuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Cherng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ho Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Rong-Ho Lin
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diaz EC, Adams SH, Weber JL, Cotter M, Børsheim E. Elevated LDL-C, high blood pressure, and low peak V ˙ O 2 associate with platelet mitochondria function in children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1136975. [PMID: 37033448 PMCID: PMC10073692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1136975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association of platelet (PL) mitochondria respiration with markers of cardiovascular health in children ages 7-10 years. Methods: PL mitochondrial respiration (n = 91) was assessed by high resolution respirometry (HRR): Routine (R) respiration, complex (C) I linked respiration (CI), and maximal uncoupled electron transport capacity of CII (CIIE) were measured. The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was calculated as the ratio of maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of CI and CI leak respiration (PCI/LCI). Peak V ˙ O2 (incremental bike test) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. Multiple generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the association of measures by HRR with variables of interest: adiposity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) status (normal vs. elevated) HOMA2-IR, blood pressure status (normal vs. high), and demographics. Results: R and CI-linked respiration positively associated with adiposity, high blood pressure (HBP), and peak V ˙ O2. R and CI-linked respiration had inverse association with age and elevated LDL-C. CIIE was higher in children with elevated LDL-C (log-β = -0.54, p = 0.010). HBP and peak V ˙ O2 interacted in relation to RCR (log-β = -0.01, p = 0.028). Specifically, RCR was lowest among children with HBP and low aerobic capacity (i.e., mean peak V ˙ O2 -1SD). HOMA2-IR did not associate with measures of PL mitochondria respiration. Conclusion: In PL, R and CI-linked mitochondrial respiration directly associate with adiposity, peak V ˙ O2 and HBP. Elevated LDL-C associates with lower CI-linked respiration which is compensated by increasing CII respiration. PL bioenergetics phenotypes in children associate with whole-body metabolic health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Diaz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Eva C. Diaz,
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, and Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Judith L. Weber
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Circulating microRNA levels differ in the early stages of insulin resistance in prepubertal children with obesity. Life Sci 2022; 312:121246. [PMID: 36455651 PMCID: PMC10375861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity escalates the risk for related complications. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as good predictive markers of insulin resistance in those with obesity. The aim was to identify a circulating miRNA profile that reflects insulin resistance in prepubertal children with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma miRNAs were measured in prepubertal children (n = 63, 5-9 years) using TaqMan Advanced miRNA Human Serum/Plasma plates and then were validated by RT-qPCR. Subjects were divided into normal weight (n = 20, NW) and overweight or obese (n = 43, OW/OB) groups according to their BMI z-scores. The OW/OB group was further subdivided into insulin sensitive or metabolically healthy obese (n = 26, MHO) and insulin resistant or metabolically unhealthy obese (n = 17, MUO) according to HOMA-IR. KEY FINDINGS While no differences were observed in the fasting plasma glucose levels, serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in the OW/OB compared to the NW group. Of 188 screened miRNAs, eleven were differentially expressed between the NW and OW/OB groups. Validation confirmed increased circulating levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-18a-5p in the OW/OB group, which correlated with BMI z-score. Interestingly, miR-146a-5p was also correlated with HOMA-IR index. While only miR-18a-5p was upregulated in the OW/OB children, independently of their degree of insulin sensitivity, miR-146-5p, miR-423-3p and miR-152-3p were associated with insulin resistance. SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides evidence of molecular alterations that occur early in life in prepubertal obesity. These alterations may potentially be crucial for targeted prevention or prompt precision therapeutic development and subsequent interventions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Silva FM, Duarte-Mendes P, Carvalho E, Soares CM, Farinha C, Serrano J, Paulo R, Massart A, Rodrigues RN, Teixeira AM, Ferreira JP. Effects of combined training during the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic health and quality of life in sedentary workers: A randomized controlled study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1040714. [PMID: 36438250 PMCID: PMC9686330 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of a combined training (CT) program performed during the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on body composition, metabolic profile, quality of life and stress in sedentary workers, and examines whether changes in the metabolic profile are associated with changes in health-related outcomes which are modifiable by exercise. We evaluated 31 sedentary workers (48.26 ± 7.89 years old). Participants were randomly assigned to a CT group (i.e., performed 16 weeks of exercise) or to a non-exercise control group. The CT program consisted of 16-week of resistance and aerobic exercise. Body composition, glycemic and lipidic profiles, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), health-related quality of life and stress levels were assessed pre- and post-intervention. After the intervention period, the CT group demonstrated significantly lower waist and hip circumference (p < 0.05) values than the control group. The control group significantly increased the fasting glucose and HOMA-IR after 16 weeks follow-up (+4.74 mg/dL, p = 0.029; and +0.41 units, p = 0.010, respectively), whiles no significant changes were observed in the CT group in the same parameters (+3.33 mg/dL, p = 0.176; and +0.04 units, p = 0.628, respectively). No changes were observed in the lipid profile for either group (p > 0.05). A significant positive relationship was detected between the change in BMI with the changes in insulin and HOMA-IR (r = 0.643, p = 0.024; and r = 0.605, p = 0.037, respectively). In addition, the changes in CRF were negatively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (r = -0.578, p = 0.049). We observed differences between groups on perceived stress levels and physical, psychological, and environmental domains of quality of life, with the CT group showing better results. Moreover, the CT group improved perceived life satisfaction (+3.17 points, p = 0.038). The findings of the present study suggest that the participants who remained physically active during the first pandemic-related lockdown were able to mitigate the deleterious effects associated with a sedentary lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M. Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Soares
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Farinha
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Serrano
- Department of Sports and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Rui Paulo
- Department of Sports and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Alain Massart
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael N. Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|