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Shen X, Zhao X, He H, Zhao J, Wei Y, Chen Y, Han S, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Yin H. Evolutionary conserved circular MEF2A RNAs regulate myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle development. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010923. [PMID: 37676887 PMCID: PMC10508632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as critical regulators of skeletal muscle development. Myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factor that regulates myogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether MEF2A produces functional circRNAs. In this study, we identified two evolutionarily conserved circular MEF2A RNAs (circMEF2As), namely circMEF2A1 and circMEF2A2, in chicken and mouse muscle stem cells. Our findings revealed that circMEF2A1 promotes myogenesis by regulating the miR-30a-3p/PPP3CA/NFATC1 axis, whereas circMEF2A2 facilitates myogenic differentiation by targeting the miR-148a-5p/SLIT3/ROBO2/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that circMEF2As both promote skeletal muscle growth. We also discovered that the linear MEF2A mRNA-derived MEF2A protein binds to its own promoter region, accelerating the transcription of MEF2A and upregulating the expression of both linear MEF2A and circMEF2As, forming a MEF2A autoregulated positive feedback loop. Moreover, circMEF2As positively regulate the expression of linear MEF2A by adsorbing miR-30a-3p and miR-148a-5p, which directly contribute to the MEF2A autoregulated feedback loop. Importantly, we found that mouse circMEF2As are essential for the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrated the evolution, function, and underlying mechanisms of circMEF2As in animal myogenesis, which may provide novel insight for both the farm animal meat industry and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haorong He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanhang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunshun Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are chronic diseases that contribute to death worldwide, but these diseases can be prevented and mitigated with regular exercise. Exercise activates signaling molecules and the transcriptional network to promote physiological adaptations, such as fiber type transformation, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator that senses the energy state, promotes metabolism for glucose and fatty acid utilization, and mediates beneficial cellular adaptations in many vital tissues and organs. This review focuses on the current, integrative understanding of the role of exercise-induced activation of AMPK in the regulation of system metabolism and promotion of health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Spaulding
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Rahmi R, Machrina Y, Yamamoto Z. The Effect of Various Training on the Expression of the 5’amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α2 and Glucose Transporter - 4 in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exercise is the main pillar in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) management. The mechanism of glucose uptake mediated by exercise is different from insulin, and this mechanism is not disturbed in T2DM. One of the mechanisms is through the activation of 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK also regulates the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. Effect various types of exercise to AMPK α2 and GLUT-4 of the skeletal muscle still limited.
AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of various physical training on the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 in skeletal muscle of T2DM rats.
METHODS: This study used stored skeletal muscles of 25 T2DM Wistar rats. Previously, the rats were divided into groups of K1 (control, not given exercise), K2 (moderate continuous training), K3 (severe continuous training), K4 (slow interval training), and K5 (fast interval training). Running on a treadmill frequency 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The relative expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 were assessed using Real Time-PCR and were compared among the groups using the Livak formula.
RESULTS: Moderate intensity continuous training increased Ampk α2 and Glut 4 expression by 1.45 and 2.39 times, respectively. Severe intensity continuous training increased the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 by 1.55 and 2.56 times, respectively. Slow interval training increased the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 by 4.41 and 3.76 times, respectively. The expression of Ampk α2 and Glut4 in fast interval training was 4.56 and 4.79 times more than control.
CONCLUSION: Continuous and interval training increase Ampk α2 and Glut 4 expression. The fast interval training showed the highest expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4.
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Liu B, Ou WC, Fang L, Tian CW, Xiong Y. Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A Plays a Central Role in the Regulatory Networks of Cellular Physiopathology. Aging Dis 2022; 14:331-349. [PMID: 37008050 PMCID: PMC10017154 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell regulatory networks are the determinants of cellular homeostasis. Any alteration to these networks results in the disturbance of cellular homeostasis and induces cells towards different fates. Myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) is one of four members of the MEF2 family of transcription factors (MEF2A-D). MEF2A is highly expressed in all tissues and is involved in many cell regulatory networks including growth, differentiation, survival and death. It is also necessary for heart development, myogenesis, neuronal development and differentiation. In addition, many other important functions of MEF2A have been reported. Recent studies have shown that MEF2A can regulate different, and sometimes even mutually exclusive cellular events. How MEF2A regulates opposing cellular life processes is an interesting topic and worthy of further exploration. Here, we reviewed almost all MEF2A research papers published in English and summarized them into three main sections: 1) the association of genetic variants in MEF2A with cardiovascular disease, 2) the physiopathological functions of MEF2A, and 3) the regulation of MEF2A activity and its regulatory targets. In summary, multiple regulatory patterns for MEF2A activity and a variety of co-factors cause its transcriptional activity to switch to different target genes, thereby regulating opposing cell life processes. The association of MEF2A with numerous signaling molecules establishes a central role for MEF2A in the regulatory network of cellular physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benrong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Benrong Liu, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China. E-mail: ; or Yujuan Xiong, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China. .
| | - Wen-Chao Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chao-Wei Tian
- General Practice, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yujuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Benrong Liu, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China. E-mail: ; or Yujuan Xiong, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China. .
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Chen CC, Lii CK, Lo CW, Lin YH, Yang YC, Huang CS, Chen HW. 14-Deoxy-11,12-Didehydroandrographolide Ameliorates Glucose Intolerance Enhancing the LKB1/AMPK[Formula: see text]/TBC1D1/GLUT4 Signaling Pathway and Inducing GLUT4 Expression in Myotubes and Skeletal Muscle of Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1473-1491. [PMID: 34240660 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (deAND), a bioactive component of Andrographis paniculata, has antidiabetic activity. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates glucose transport and ameliorates insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether activation of AMPK is involved in the mechanism by which deAND ameliorates insulin resistance in muscles. deAND amounts up to 40 [Formula: see text]M dose-dependently activated phosphorylation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 in C2C12 myotubes. In addition, deAND significantly activated phosphorylation of LKB1 at 6 h after treatment, and this activation was maintained up to 48 h. deAND increased glucose uptake at 18 h after treatment, and this increase was time dependent up to 72 h. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, suppressed deAND-induced phosphorylation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 and reversed the effect on glucose uptake. In addition, the expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein in C2C12 myotubes was up-regulated by deAND in a time-dependent manner. Promotion of GLUT4 gene transcription was verified by a pGL3-GLUT4 (837 bp) reporter assay. deAND also increased the nuclear translocation of MEF-2A and PPAR[Formula: see text]. After 16 weeks of feeding, the high-fat diet (HFD) inhibited phosphorylation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 in skeletal muscle of obese C57BL/6JNarl mice, and deactivation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 by the HFD was abolished by deAND supplementation. Supplementation with deAND significantly promoted membrane translocation of GLUT4 compared with the HFD group. Supplementation also significantly increased GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression in skeletal muscle compared with the HFD group. The hypoglycemic effects of deAND are likely associated with activation of the LKB1/AMPK[Formula: see text]/TBC1D1/GLUT4 signaling pathway and stimulation of MEF-2A- and PPAR[Formula: see text]-dependent GLUT4 gene expression, which account for the glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and lower blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsueh Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee JY, Tokumoto M, Satoh M. Cadmium toxicity mediated by the inhibition of SLC2A4 expression in human proximal Tubule cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21236. [PMID: 33337552 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001871r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant that causes renal toxicity. We have previously demonstrated that Cd induces renal toxicity by altering transcriptional activities. In this study, we show that Cd markedly inhibited the activity of transcription factor MEF2A in HK-2 human proximal tubule cells, which generated significant cytotoxicity in the cells. This reduction in the nuclear levels of MEF2A protein may be involved in the Cd-induced inhibition of MEF2A activity. We also demonstrate that one of the glucose transporters, GLUT4, was downregulated not only by Cd treatment but also by MEF2A knockdown. Knockdown of SLC2A4, encoding GLUT4, eliminated both cell viability and Cd toxicity. Cd treatment or SLC2A4 deficiency reduced the cellular concentration of glucose. Therefore, the suppression of SLC2A4 expression, which mediates the reduction in cellular glucose, is involved in Cd toxicity. The Cd toxicity induced by the reduction in GLUT4 may be associated with a reduction of cellular ATP levels in HK-2 cells. The levels of Slc2a4 mRNA in the kidney of mice exposed to Cd for 6 or 12 months were significantly lower than those in the control group. These results demonstrate that Cd exerts its cytotoxicity through the suppression in SLC2A4 expression and the subsequent inhibition of MEF2A transcriptional activity. Cd-induced suppression of SLC2A4 expression also reduces cellular ATP levels, partly by reducing glucose levels. This study suggests that the glucose transporter plays an important role in the renal toxicity of Cd, and provides a crucial breakthrough in our understanding of the mechanism of Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Tokumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Klymenko O, Brecklinghaus T, Dille M, Springer C, de Wendt C, Altenhofen D, Binsch C, Knebel B, Scheller J, Hardt C, Herwig R, Chadt A, Pfluger PT, Al-Hasani H, Kabra DG. Histone deacetylase 5 regulates interleukin 6 secretion and insulin action in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101062. [PMID: 32771698 PMCID: PMC7481569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise training is associated with increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and improved glycemic control. HDAC5, a class IIa histone deacetylase, has been shown to regulate transcription of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 in cultured muscle cells. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of HDAC5 to the transcriptional network in muscle and the beneficial effect of muscle contraction and regular exercise on glucose metabolism. METHODS HDAC5 knockout mice (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were trained for 8 weeks on treadmills, metabolically phenotyped, and compared to sedentary controls. Hdac5-deficient skeletal muscle and cultured Hdac5-knockdown (KD) C2C12 myotubes were utilized for studies of gene expression and glucose metabolism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies were conducted to analyze Il6 promoter activity using H3K9ac and HDAC5 antibodies. RESULTS Global transcriptome analysis of Hdac5 KO gastrocnemius muscle demonstrated activation of the IL-6 signaling pathway. Accordingly, knockdown of Hdac5 in C2C12 myotubes led to higher expression and secretion of IL-6 with enhanced insulin-stimulated activation of AKT that was reversed by Il6 knockdown. Moreover, Hdac5-deficient myotubes exhibited enhanced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and elevated expression levels of the glucose transporter GLUT4. Transcription of Il6 was further enhanced by electrical pulse stimulation in Hdac5-deficient C2C12 myotubes. ChIP identified a ∼1 kb fragment of the Il6 promoter that interacts with HDAC5 and demonstrated increased activation-associated histone marker AcH3K9 in Hdac5-deficient muscle cells. Exercise intervention of HDAC5 KO mice resulted in improved systemic glucose tolerance as compared to WT controls. CONCLUSIONS We identified HDAC5 as a negative epigenetic regulator of IL-6 synthesis and release in skeletal muscle. HDAC5 may exert beneficial effects through two different mechanisms, transcriptional control of genes required for glucose disposal and utilization, and HDAC5-dependent IL-6 signaling cross-talk to improve glucose uptake in muscle in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy Klymenko
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Brecklinghaus
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Dille
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Springer
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian de Wendt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Binsch
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Hardt
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Dhiraj G Kabra
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Hevener AL, Ribas V, Moore TM, Zhou Z. The Impact of Skeletal Muscle ERα on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Health. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5735479. [PMID: 32053721 PMCID: PMC7017798 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic disease is elevated in women after menopause. Increased expression of ESR1 (the gene that encodes the estrogen receptor alpha, ERα) in muscle is highly associated with metabolic health and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, reduced muscle expression levels of ESR1 are observed in women, men, and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Considering that metabolic dysfunction elevates chronic disease risk, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies are desperately needed. This review will provide published work supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle ERα in the regulation of mitochondrial function, metabolic homeostasis, and insulin action. We will provide evidence that muscle-selective targeting of ERα may be effective for the preservation of mitochondrial and metabolic health. Collectively published findings support a compelling role for ERα in the control of muscle metabolism via its regulation of mitochondrial function and quality control. Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the design of novel therapeutics to improve metabolic health of women while limiting secondary complications that have historically plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Iris Cantor-UCLA Women’s Health Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Correspondence: Andrea L. Hevener, PhD, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, CHS Suite 34-115B, Los Angeles, California 90095–7073. E-mail:
| | - Vicent Ribas
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Current Affiliation: Vicent Ribas, Department of cell death and proliferation Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, (IIBB-CSIC) Spanish National Research Council C/Rosselló 179, 6th floor 08036, Barcelona Spain
| | - Timothy M Moore
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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MEF-2 isoforms' (A-D) roles in development and tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2755-2787. [PMID: 31105874 PMCID: PMC6505634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays a critical role in proliferation, differentiation, and development of various cell types in a tissue specific manner. Four isoforms of MEF-2 (A-D) differentially participate in controlling the cell fate during the developmental phases of cardiac, muscle, vascular, immune and skeletal systems. Through their associations with various cellular factors MEF-2 isoforms can trigger alterations in complex protein networks and modulate various stages of cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. The role of the MEF-2 family of transcription factors in the development has been investigated in various cell types, and the evolving alterations in this family of transcription factors have resulted in a diverse and wide spectrum of disease phenotypes, ranging from cancer to infection. This review provides a comprehensive account on MEF-2 isoforms (A-D) from their respective localization, signaling, role in development and tumorigenesis as well as their association with histone deacetylases (HDACs), which can be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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Mei T, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. miR‑340‑5p: A potential direct regulator of Nrf2 expression in the post‑exercise skeletal muscle of mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1340-1348. [PMID: 30569154 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that serves a critical role in protecting against cellular stress induced by exercise. The effects of exercise training on Nrf2 expression have been widely studied; however, the post‑transcriptional/translational regulation of Nrf2 is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify the exercise‑induced microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) targeting Nrf2. A total of 20 C57BL/6J mice were divided into the control (n=10) and exercise (n=10) groups. Following eight weeks of aerobic exercise training, Nrf2 mRNA expression in the hind‑limb muscles was significantly increased in the exercise group, while that of Nrf2 protein remained unchanged. In addition, 58 differentially expressed miRNAs have been detected; among them, miR‑101a‑3p and miR‑340‑5p were predicted to target the 3' untranslated region of Nrf2 mRNA by analysis with three bioinformatics tools. The binding affinity of the two miRNAs were verified via a dual luciferase reporter assay; only miR‑340‑5p was determined to bind directly to Nrf2 mRNA. Additionally, miR‑340‑5p mimics and inhibitors were transfected into C2C12 cells to investigate the biological effects of endogenous miR‑340‑5p on the expression of Nrf2. The results revealed that the expression levels of Nrf2 protein in C2C12 cells were significantly decreased in the miR‑340‑5p mimics group and significantly increased in the miR‑340‑5p inhibitors group, while Nrf2 mRNA expression levels were unchanged. The results indicated that miR‑340‑5p serves a role in the post‑transcriptional regulation of Nrf2 expression. In conclusion, the novel findings of the present study were that miR‑340‑5p may be a potential direct regulator of Nrf2 gene expression and might be involved in the regulation of Nrf2 protein expression in mouse skeletal muscles following aerobic exercise. These results may provide insight into the underlying regulatory mechanisms of Nrf2 protein expression in skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Mei
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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11
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Hevener AL, Zhou Z, Moore TM, Drew BG, Ribas V. The impact of ERα action on muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity - Strong enough for a man, made for a woman. Mol Metab 2018; 15:20-34. [PMID: 30005878 PMCID: PMC6066787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of chronic disease is elevated in women after menopause. Natural variation in muscle expression of the estrogen receptor (ER)α is inversely associated with plasma insulin and adiposity. Moreover, reduced muscle ERα expression levels are observed in women and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Considering that metabolic dysfunction impacts nearly a quarter of the U.S. adult population and elevates chronic disease risk including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies are desperately needed. Scope of the review This review will provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle ERα in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and propose novel ERα targets involved in the maintenance of metabolic health. Major conclusions Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutics to improve the metabolic health of women while limiting secondary complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brian G Drew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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12
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Ke R, Xu Q, Li C, Luo L, Huang D. Mechanisms of AMPK in the maintenance of ATP balance during energy metabolism. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:384-392. [PMID: 29205673 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of cellular energy change and is activated by increased AMP/ATP and/or ADP/ATP ratios. AMPK maintains the energy balance by decreasing the ATP-consuming processes such as transcription of synthetic fat genes and rRNA, the translation of ribosomal proteins, synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid, while the metabolic pathways such as glucose and fatty transport, fatty acid oxidation, autophagy, mitochondrial synthesis and oxidative metabolism are increased to preserve ATP during energy deficiency. Recent advance has demonstrated that AMPK activity has a close association with the initiation and progression in various cancers. Here we review the mechanisms that AMPK controls energy metabolism through regulating ATP synthesis and consumption, and further discuss the deregulation of AMPK in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qicao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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13
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Hevener AL, Zhou Z, Drew BG, Ribas V. The Role of Skeletal Muscle Estrogen Receptors in Metabolic Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:257-284. [PMID: 29224099 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Women in the modern era are challenged with facing menopausal symptoms as well as heightened disease risk associated with increasing adiposity and metabolic dysfunction for up to three decades of life. Treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies have been hampered by our lack of understanding regarding the biological causes of these clinical conditions and our incomplete understanding regarding the effects of estrogens and the tissue-specific functions and molecular actions of its receptors. In this chapter we provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle estrogen receptor α in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Studies identifying the critical ER-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the health of women while limiting secondary complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian G Drew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Abstract
AMPK is an evolutionary conserved energy sensor involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. Based on biochemical studies, AMPK has brought much of interest in recent years due to its potential impact on metabolic disorders. Suitable animal models are therefore essential to promote our understanding of the molecular and functional roles of AMPK but also to bring novel information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The organism systems include pig (Sus scrofa), mouse (Mus musculus), fly (Drosophila melanogaster), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), and fish (Danio rerio) models. These animal models have provided reliable experimental evidence demonstrating the crucial role of AMPK in the regulation of metabolism but also of cell polarity, autophagy, and oxidative stress. In this chapter, we update the new development in the generation and application of animal models for the study of AMPK biology. We also discuss recent breakthroughs from studies in mice, flies, and worms showing how AMPK has a primary role in initiating or promoting pathological or beneficial impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Viollet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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15
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Hevener AL, Clegg DJ, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Impaired estrogen receptor action in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:306-21. [PMID: 26033249 PMCID: PMC5965692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering the current trends in life expectancy, women in the modern era are challenged with facing menopausal symptoms as well as heightened disease risk associated with increasing adiposity and metabolic dysfunction for up to three decades of life. Treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies have been hampered by our lack of understanding regarding the biological underpinnings of these clinical conditions and our incomplete understanding of the effects of estrogens and the tissue-specific functions and molecular actions of its receptors. In this review we provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for the estrogen receptor α specific form in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Studies identifying the ER-regulated pathways required for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of targeted therapeutics to improve women's health while limiting complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Tulane University, Health Science Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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16
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Fentz J, Kjøbsted R, Kristensen CM, Hingst JR, Birk JB, Gudiksen A, Foretz M, Schjerling P, Viollet B, Pilegaard H, Wojtaszewski JFP. AMPKα is essential for acute exercise-induced gene responses but not for exercise training-induced adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E900-14. [PMID: 26419588 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00157.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training increases skeletal muscle expression of metabolic proteins improving the oxidative capacity. Adaptations in skeletal muscle by pharmacologically induced activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are dependent on the AMPKα2 subunit. We hypothesized that exercise training-induced increases in exercise capacity and expression of metabolic proteins, as well as acute exercise-induced gene regulation, would be compromised in muscle-specific AMPKα1 and -α2 double-knockout (mdKO) mice. An acute bout of exercise increased skeletal muscle mRNA content of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, glucose transporter 4, and VEGF in an AMPK-dependent manner, whereas cluster of differentiation 36 and fatty acid transport protein 1 mRNA content increased similarly in AMPKα wild-type (WT) and mdKO mice. During 4 wk of voluntary running wheel exercise training, the AMPKα mdKO mice ran less than WT. Maximal running speed was lower in AMPKα mdKO than in WT mice but increased similarly in both genotypes with exercise training. Exercise training increased quadriceps protein content of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1), cytochrome c, hexokinase II, plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein, and citrate synthase activity more in AMPKα WT than in mdKO muscle. However, analysis of a subgroup of mice matched for running distance revealed that only UQCRC1 protein content increased more in WT than in mdKO mice with exercise training. Thus, AMPKα1 and -α2 subunits are important for acute exercise-induced mRNA responses of some genes and may be involved in regulating basal metabolic protein expression but seem to be less important in exercise training-induced adaptations in metabolic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, the August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, the August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Maag Kristensen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne Rasmus Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, the August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bratz Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, the August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, the August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
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17
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Li G, Wang J, Ye J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. PPARα Protein Expression Was Increased by Four Weeks of Intermittent Hypoxic Training via AMPKα2-Dependent Manner in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122593. [PMID: 25923694 PMCID: PMC4414596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is critical for muscle endurance due to its role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. The 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor in cells, but its role in PPARα regulation in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we examined PPARα expression in the skeletal muscle of AMPKα2 overexpression (OE), knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice after four weeks of exercise under intermittent hypoxia. WT, OE and KO mice were used at 40 mice/strain and randomly subdivided into four subgroups: control (C), running (R), hypoxia (H), and running plus hypoxia (R+H) at 10 mice/group. The treadmill running was performed at the speed of 12 m/min, 60 min/day with a slope of 0 degree for four weeks. The hypoxia treatment was performed in daytime with normobaric hypoxia (11.20% oxygen, 8 hours/day). In the R+H group, the treadmill running was conducted in the hypoxic condition. AMPKα2, phosphor-AMPKα (p-AMPKα) (Thr172), nuclear PPARα proteins were measured by Western blot and the medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) mRNA, the key enzyme for fatty acid oxidation and one of the PPARα target genes, was also measured in skeletal muscles after the interventions. The results showed that nuclear PPARα protein was significantly increased by R+H in WT muscles, the increase was enhanced by 41% (p<0.01) in OE mice, but was reduced by 33% (p<0.01) in KO mice. The MCAD mRNA expression was increased after four weeks of R+H intervention. The change in MCAD mRNA followed a similar trend as that of PPARα protein in OE and KO mice. Our data suggest that the increase in nuclear PPARα protein by four-week exercise training under the intermittent hypoxia was dependent on AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Division of Exercise Biochemistry, Institute of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Engineering, and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - Jianping Ye
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness (Beijing Sport University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Division of Exercise Biochemistry, Institute of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
The heart is a very special organ in the body and has a high requirement for metabolism due to its constant workload. As a consequence, to provide a consistent and sufficient energy a high steady-state demand of metabolism is required by the heart. When delicately balanced mechanisms are changed by physiological or pathophysiological conditions, the whole system's homeostasis will be altered to a new balance, which contributes to the pathologic process. So it is no wonder that almost every heart disease is related to metabolic shift. Furthermore, aging is also found to be related to the reduction in mitochondrial function, insulin resistance, and dysregulated intracellular lipid metabolism. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as an energy sensor to detect intracellular ATP/AMP ratio and plays a pivotal role in intracellular adaptation to energy stress. During different pathology (like myocardial ischemia and hypertension), the activation of cardiac AMPK appears to be essential for repairing cardiomyocyte's function by accelerating ATP generation, attenuating ATP depletion, and protecting the myocardium against cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis. In this overview, we will talk about the normal heart's metabolism, how metabolic shifts during aging and different pathologies, and how AMPK regulates metabolic changes during these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY 14214
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19
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Balasubramanian R, Robaye B, Boeynaems JM, Jacobson KA. Enhancement of glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes by P2Y6 receptor agonists. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116203. [PMID: 25549240 PMCID: PMC4280206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose uptake by peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscles and adipocytes is important in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) agonists protect pancreatic islet cells from apoptosis and stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release. Here, we investigated the effects of P2Y6R activation on glucose uptake in insulin target tissues. An agonist of the P2Y6R, P1-(5′-uridine)-P3-(5′-N4-methoxycytidine)-triphosphate (MRS2957), significantly increased the uptake of [3H]2-deoxyglucose in mouse C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and this stimulation was significantly decreased by a selective P2Y6R antagonist N,N″-1,4-butanediyl-bis[N′-(3-isothiocyanatophenyl)thiourea] (MRS2578). Pre-incubation with Compound C (an inhibitor of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK), or AMPK siRNA abolished the stimulatory effect of MRS2957 on glucose uptake. Also, MRS2957 (60 min incubation) increased recruitment of the facilitated glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) to the cell membrane, which was blocked by MRS2578. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with MRS2957 induced significant phosphorylation of AMPK, which increase GLUT4 expression through histone deacetylase (HDAC)5 signaling. Glucose uptake in primary mouse adipocytes from wild-type mice was stimulated upon P2Y6R activation by either MRS2957 or native agonist UDP, and the P2Y6R effect was antagonized by MRS2578. However, in adipocytes from P2Y6R-knockout mice P2Y6R agonists had no effect on glucose uptake, and there was no change in the glucose uptake by insulin. Our results indicate that the P2Y6R promotes glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues, which may be mediated through AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bernard Robaye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Chevalier N, Fénichel P. Endocrine disruptors: new players in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes? DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 41:107-15. [PMID: 25454091 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has dramatically increased worldwide during the last few decades. While lifestyle factors, such as decreased physical activity and energy-dense diets, together with genetic predisposition, are well-known actors in the pathophysiology of T2D, there is accumulating evidence suggesting that the increased presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment, such as bisphenol A, phthalates and persistent organic pollutants, may also explain an important part in the incidence of metabolic diseases (the metabolic syndrome, obesity and T2D). EDCs are found in everyday products (including plastic bottles, metal cans, toys, cosmetics and pesticides) and used in the manufacture of food. They interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, activity and elimination of natural hormones. Such interferences can block or mimic hormone actions and thus induce a wide range of adverse effects (developmental, reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic and immune). In this review, both in vivo and in vitro experimental data and epidemiological evidence to support an association between EDC exposure and the induction of insulin resistance and/or disruption of pancreatic β-cell function are summarized, while the epidemiological links with disorders of glucose homoeostasis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chevalier
- CHU de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, 06202 Nice, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR U1065/UNS, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 5 "Environnement, Reproduction et Cancers Hormono-Dépendants", 06204 Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Signalisation et Pathologie (IFR 50), 06107 Nice, France.
| | - P Fénichel
- CHU de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, 06202 Nice, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR U1065/UNS, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 5 "Environnement, Reproduction et Cancers Hormono-Dépendants", 06204 Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Signalisation et Pathologie (IFR 50), 06107 Nice, France
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21
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Clegg DJ, Hevener AL. The role of estrogens in control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:309-38. [PMID: 23460719 PMCID: PMC3660717 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play a fundamental role in the physiology of the reproductive, cardiovascular, skeletal, and central nervous systems. In this report, we review the literature in both rodents and humans on the role of estrogens and their receptors in the control of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism in health and metabolic diseases. Estrogen actions in hypothalamic nuclei differentially control food intake, energy expenditure, and white adipose tissue distribution. Estrogen actions in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and immune cells are involved in insulin sensitivity as well as prevention of lipid accumulation and inflammation. Estrogen actions in pancreatic islet β-cells also regulate insulin secretion, nutrient homeostasis, and survival. Estrogen deficiency promotes metabolic dysfunction predisposing to obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. We also discuss the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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22
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Abstract
There has been considerable progress in our understanding of cardiac cell metabolism in health and disease, yet important gaps remain in basic knowledge and its translation to clinical care. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions either to conserve ATP or to promote alternative methods of ATP generation. Since the discovery of AMPK more than three decades ago and demonstration of its expression in the heart, interest has grown exponentially in this major fuel gauge as a modulator of the cellular response to ischemia. Such pathway may potentially explain the strong association between metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease. Still missing from our most recent cardiology textbooks, this article aims to summarize our understanding so far of the role of AMPK in coordinating the cellular response to ischemic stress and reperfusion injury in the heart. We aim to provide a focused update on the pharmacological agents activating AMPK for treatment of diabetes that show potential cardioprotective effects. Our hope is to stimulate future researchers to the potential benefits of harnessing the AMPK signaling pathway, or better one of its novel downstream targets for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Ojuka EO, Goyaram V, Smith JAH. The role of CaMKII in regulating GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E322-31. [PMID: 22496345 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00091.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contractile activity during physical exercise induces an increase in GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle, helping to improve glucose transport capacity and insulin sensitivity. An important mechanism by which exercise upregulates GLUT4 is through the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in response to elevated levels of cytosolic Ca(2+) during muscle contraction. This review discusses the mechanism by which Ca(2+) activates CaMKII, explains research techniques currently used to alter CaMK activity in cells, and highlights various exercise models and pharmacological agents that have been used to provide evidence that CaMKII plays an important role in regulating GLUT4 expression. With regard to transcriptional mechanisms, the key research studies that identified myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and GLUT4 enhancer factor as the major transcription factors regulating glut4 gene expression, together with their binding domains, are underlined. Experimental evidence showing that CaMK activation induces hyperacetylation of histones in the vicinity of the MEF2 domain and increases MEF2 binding to its cis element to influence MEF2-dependent Glut4 gene expression are also given along with data suggesting that p300 might be involved in acetylating histones on the Glut4 gene. Finally, an appraisal of the roles of other calcium- and non-calcium-dependent mechanisms, including the major HDAC kinases in GLUT4 expression, is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O Ojuka
- University of Capetown/Medical Research Center Research Unit for Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Univeristy of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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