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Ahotupa M. Lipid Oxidation Products and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Lipoprotein Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:512. [PMID: 38790617 PMCID: PMC11117553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has for decades ruled the history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and the present view of the etiology of the disease is based on the transport of cholesterol by plasma lipoproteins. The new knowledge of the lipoprotein-specific transport of lipid oxidation products (LOPs) has introduced another direction to the research of CVD, revealing strong associations between lipoprotein transport functions, atherogenic LOP, and CVD. The aim of this review is to present the evidence of the lipoprotein-specific transport of LOP and to evaluate the potential consequences of the proposed role of the LOP transport as a risk factor. The associations of cholesterol and lipoprotein LOP with the known risk factors of CVD are mostly parallel, and because of the common transport and cellular intake mechanisms it is difficult to ascertain the independent effects of either cholesterol or LOP. While cholesterol is known to have important physiological functions, LOPs are merely regarded as metabolic residues and able to initiate and boost atherogenic processes. It is therefore likely that with the increased knowledge of the lipoprotein-specific transport of LOP, the role of cholesterol as a risk factor of CVD will be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Ahotupa
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Hu C, Sun B, Liu M, Yu J, Zhou X, Chen L. Fecal transplantation from young zebrafish donors efficiently ameliorates the lipid metabolism disorder of aged recipients exposed to perfluorobutanesulfonate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153758. [PMID: 35151729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological process that is accompanied by the gradual loss of physiological functions. Under the context of ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollution, the elderly will be more vulnerable to the detrimental effects of toxic pollutants than the young. With objectives to explore effective measures to ameliorate the double stress of aging and toxicants, the present study transplanted the feces from young zebrafish donors to aged recipients, which were concurrently exposed to perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an emerging environmental pollutant of international concern. After exposure, growth, hepatic structural organization, and lipid metabolism were examined. The results showed that, irrespective of PFBS toxicity, transplantation of young feces significantly enhanced the growth of the aged. In the livers of aged and PFBS-exposed zebrafish, vacuolization symptom was prevalently observed, while young fecal transplantation alleviated the structural defects in aged livers. In the gut of the elderly, digestive activity of lipids was promoted after the transplantation of young feces. The blood of the aged females accumulated significantly higher concentration of triglyceride (TG) than the young counterparts (2.6-fold), implying that the elderly were at high risk of cardiovascular diseases. PFBS treatment of the aged further increased blood TG levels by 2.0-fold relative to the aged control group, pointing to the aggravation of the health of the elderly by environmental pollution. However, it is intriguing that young fecal transplantation efficiently inhibited the metabolic toxicity of PFBS and restored the normal level of blood TG, which provided more evidence about the benefit of young fecal transplant to improve the health of the aged individuals. In the aged livers transplanted with young feces, mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids was consistently activated. Overall, the present study verified the efficacy of young fecal transplantation to mitigate the metabolic disorders resulting from aging and an environmental pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Hartley A, Shun-Shin M, Caga-Anan M, Rajkumar C, Nowbar AN, Foley M, Francis DP, Haskard DO, Khamis RY, Al-Lamee RK. The Placebo-Controlled Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Exercise Induced Changes in Anti-Malondialdehyde-LDL Antibody Levels in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Substudy of the ORBITA Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:757030. [PMID: 34708098 PMCID: PMC8542769 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.757030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) forms a significant component of oxidised LDL. The effects of exercise on levels of MDA-LDL and anti-MDA-LDL antibodies are not well-understood. Furthermore, it is not known whether these can be modified in patients with coronary artery disease by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The Objective Randomised Blinded Investigation with optimal medical Therapy of Angioplasty in stable angina (ORBITA) trial was the first blinded, multi-centre randomised trial of PCI vs. placebo procedure for angina relief. Serum samples were available at four time-points: pre-randomisation pre- (P1) and post- (P2) exercise and post-randomisation (6-weeks following the PCI or placebo procedure), pre- (P3) and post- (P4) exercise. ELISAs were performed using laboratory-developed assays for MDA-LDL (adjusted for Apolipoprotein B) and anti-MDA-LDL antibodies. Results: One hundred ninety-six of the 200 patients (age 66.1 [SD 8.99] years, 28% female) with severe single vessel coronary artery disease suitable for PCI enrolled in the ORBITA trial had blood available for analysis. With exercise at pre-randomisation (P2-P1) there was no significant change in adjusted MDA-LDL (-0.001, 95% CI -0.004 to 0.001; p = 0.287); however, IgG and IgM anti-MDA-LDL significantly declined (-0.022, 95% CI -0.029 to -0.014, p < 0.0001; -0.016, 95% CI -0.024 to -0.008, p = 0.0002, respectively). PCI did not have a significant impact on either the pre-exercise values (P3 controlling for P1) of MDA-LDL (p = 0.102), IgG (p = 0.444) or IgM anti-MDA-LDL (p = 0.909). Nor did PCI impact the exercise induced changes in these markers (P4 controlling for P1, P2, and P3) for MDA-LDL (p = 0.605), IgG (p = 0.725) or IgM anti-MDA-LDL (p = 0.171). Pre-randomisation ischaemia on stress echo did not impact these interactions. Conclusions: Exercise results in an acute reduction in anti-oxLDL antibodies in patients with severe single vessel coronary disease, possibly indicating an induction in homoeostatic clearance via the innate immune system. However, PCI did not ameliorate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hartley
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Shun-Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail Caga-Anan
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Rajkumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra N Nowbar
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Foley
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darrel P Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorian O Haskard
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi Y Khamis
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha K Al-Lamee
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Martakis K, Stark C, Rehberg M, Jackels M, Schoenau E, Duran I. Association of muscle mass and fat mass on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentration in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1273-1282. [PMID: 34271602 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity has often been associated with high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride plasma concentrations, known risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Study objective was to evaluate the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with muscle and fat mass in children and adolescents. METHODS We analyzed data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) to estimate lean muscle and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of participants whose lipid profiles had been examined. Fat mass was operationalized by DXA-determined fat mass index (FMI). Muscle mass was assessed by appendicular lean mass index (aLMI). High LDL-C and triglyceride concentration was defined as above 130 mg/dL. RESULTS For the evaluation of the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with LMI and FMI Z-scores, the data of 2,487 children and adolescents (age 8-19 years) (984 females) were eligible. High aLMI showed no association with LDL-C or triglyceride concentration, but high FMI showed significant association with LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration in the bivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Isolated muscle mass increase may not be protective against high LDL-C and triglycerides plasma levels in children and adolescents. Thus, exercise may lead to risk factor reduction mainly through fat mass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Martakis
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation - UniReha, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Department for Pediatric Neurology, Epileptology and Social Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig University, UKGM, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina Stark
- Cologne Centre for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirko Rehberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Jackels
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation - UniReha, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schoenau
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation - UniReha, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Duran
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation - UniReha, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
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Seong M, Kim Y, Park S, Kim H, Kwon O. Association Between Diet Quality and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Korean Adults: The 2014-2015 National Fitness Award Project. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3226. [PMID: 33105591 PMCID: PMC7690257 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong and meaningful indicator for predicting mortality, including cardiovascular disease, as well as simple physical capacity. Healthy eating is thought to be one of the crucial factors associated with an individual's CRF status, although little research has been done on the relationship between healthy eating and CRF. This study aimed to investigate the association between overall diet quality and CRF among Korean adults. The study involved 937 adults (380 men and 557 women) aged 19‒64 years who participated in the 2014‒2015 Korea Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards project. Diet quality was assessed by the recommended food score (RFS), and CRF was determined by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a treadmill exercise test. Multiple regression model analyses were stratified by age (19-34, 35-49, and 50-64 years) and sex, because both factors greatly influence CRF. After multivariate adjustment, only the 19‒34 age group in both sexes showed a positive association between RFS and VO2max. Additionally, when physical activity was adjusted, it was still significant in men but only marginally related in women. Our results suggest that better overall diet quality may be associated with a better CRF among young adults aged 19‒34 years in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyeong Seong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Saejong Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, 727, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01794, Korea;
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
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Kachur S, Lavie CJ, Morera R, Ozemek C, Milani RV. Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:585-596. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1651198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kachur
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca Morera
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Ocala Regional Medical Center, Ocala, FL, USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard V. Milani
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Tiainen S, Kiviniemi A, Hautala A, Huikuri H, Ukkola O, Tokola K, Tulppo M, Vasankari T. Effects of a Two-Year Home-Based Exercise Training Program on Oxidized LDL and HDL Lipids in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with and without Type-2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100144. [PMID: 30332828 PMCID: PMC6211047 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of two-year home-based exercise training program on oxidized low-density lipoprotein LDL (ox-LDL) and high-density lipoprotein HDL (ox-HDL) lipids in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), both with and without type-2 diabetes (T2D). Analysis of lipoprotein-oxidized lipids was based on the determination of baseline conjugated dienes in lipoprotein lipids. In order to study the effect of an exercise load on ox-LDL and ox-HDL lipids patients in both CAD and CAD + T2D intervention, groups were divided in three based on exercise load (high, medium, and low). During the two-year home-based exercise training program, the study showed that only higher training volume resulted in a decreased concentration of ox-LDL, while the two groups with lower training volumes showed no change. This result indicates that the training load needs to be sufficiently high in order to decrease the concentration of atherogenic ox-LDL lipids in patients with CAD and CAD + T2D. Interestingly, the concentration of ox-HDL did not change in any of the subgroups. This could indicate that the lipid peroxide-transporting capacity of HDL, suggested by results from exercise training studies in healthy adults, may not function similarly in CAD patients with or without T2D. Moreover, the lipid-lowering medication used may have had an influence on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Tiainen
- Sports Institute of Finland, 19100 Vierumäki, Finland.
- Department of Health and Exercise and Paavo Nurmi Center, University of Turku, 20540 Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Kiviniemi
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Arto Hautala
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Cardiology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Olavi Ukkola
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mikko Tulppo
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Ahotupa
- MCA Research Laboratory, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Russo A, Pirisinu I, Vacca C, Reginato E, Tomaro ES, Pippi R, Aiello C, Talesa VN, De Feo P, Romani R. An intensive lifestyle intervention reduces circulating oxidised low-density lipoprotein and increases human paraoxonase activity in obese subjects. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 12:108-114. [PMID: 27956218 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has a great impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the treatment of this pathological state is important given the significant health consequences. Lifestyle and behaviour changes play a significant role in weight management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an intensive multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on well-known atherogenic factors in a group of overweight and obese subjects. METHODS A total of 44 people with overweight/obesity underwent a lifestyle intervention based on nutritional education, psychological support and a 3-month exercise training program with a frequency of twice a week. Several anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the lifestyle intervention. RESULTS Lifestyle intervention led to a significant reduction in metabolic profile including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, and plasma triglycerides. These reductions were also accompanied by a significant increase in maximal oxygen consumption and muscle strength. Furthermore, paraoxonase and lactonase activities and the concentration of Apoliproteins A1 (APO A1) were significantly increased and the serum levels of oxLDL reduced without any changes in the circulating levels of LDL and HDL. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study suggests that an intensive lifestyle intervention in obese subjects promotes a series of beneficial antiatherogenic changes which included increased enzyme activites of paraoxonase and lactonase, concentration of Apoliproteins A1 and decreased circulating levels of oxLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Russo
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Irene Pirisinu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Reginato
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Emilia Sbroma Tomaro
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Aiello
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo De Feo
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Rita Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Ahn N, Kim K. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular disease: effect of exercise training. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:212-215. [PMID: 28462120 PMCID: PMC5390423 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas increased HDL-C levels are related to a decreased risk of CAD and myocardial infarction. Although HDL prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein under normal conditions, it triggers a structural change, inhibiting antiarteriosclerotic and anti-inflammatory functions, under pathological conditions such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes. HDL can transform into various structures based on the quantitative reduction and deformation of apolipoprotein A1 and is the primary cause of increased levels of dysfunctional HDL, which can lead to an increased risk of CAD. Therefore, analyzing the structure and components of HDL rather than HDL-C after the application of an exercise training program may be useful for understanding the effects of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Fonseca HAR, Bittencourt CR, Fonseca FA, Monteiro AM, Santos PR, Camargo L, Costa LAR, Murad A, Gidlund M, Figueiredo-Neto AM, Izar MCO. Non-linear Optical Responses of Low-Density Lipoprotein are Associated with Intima-Media Thickness of Carotid Artery in Athletes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:253-62. [PMID: 27126056 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between the degree of oxidative modification of LDL particles by non-linear optical response of LDL (Z-scan technique) and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in different segments of the carotid artery. We recruited high-intensity athlete runners (n = 44) and controls (n = 51) to participate in the study. The carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), interleukin 10 (IL-10), TNF-alpha, and the non-linear optical responses of LDL particle (Z-scan) were assessed. In athletes, the mean cIMT differed between genders, with higher values observed in female athletes compared to male athletes (P < 0.05). Higher mean values for cIMT were seen in the right carotid arteries of female athletes as compared to female controls (P < 0.05). Higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 were found in athletes (P < 0.05). Yet, ΔΓpv (transmittance curve) of Z-scan in athletes was higher than in the non-athletes, indicating less oxidation in LDL particles of athletes (P < 0.05). There was an inverse association between the ΔΓpv and cIMT in the right internal carotid segments (β = -0.163, P < 0.05) in all subjects, and between the VO2max and the mean cIMT (β = -0.003, P < 0.05) in male subjects. The present study shows that the Z-scan technique enabled to detect less oxidative modifications in LDL particles from athletes. This effect was associated with cIMT in a gender-dependent mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Andrade R Fonseca
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Loefgren, 1350, 04040-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia R Bittencourt
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Loefgren, 1350, 04040-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Fonseca
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Loefgren, 1350, 04040-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea M Monteiro
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila R Santos
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Camargo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Loefgren, 1350, 04040-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Magnus Gidlund
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cristina O Izar
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Loefgren, 1350, 04040-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Roberts CK, Lee MM, Katiraie M, Krell SL, Angadi SS, Chronley MK, Oh CS, Ribas V, Harris RA, Hevener AL, Croymans DM. Strength fitness and body weight status on markers of cardiometabolic health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:1211-8. [PMID: 25251047 PMCID: PMC5866050 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that resistance training (RT) may reduce metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. We investigated whether overweight/class I obese individuals by BMI classification with high strength fitness exhibit cardiovascular/metabolic phenotypes similar to those overweight/obese and untrained or those normal-weight with high strength fitness. METHODS A total of 90 young males were categorized into three groups: overweight untrained (OU, n = 30, BMI > 27 kg·m⁻²), overweight trained (OT, n = 30, BMI > 27 kg·m⁻², RT ≥ 4 d·wk⁻¹), and normal-weight trained (NT, n = 30, BMI < 25 kg·m⁻², RT ≥ 4 d·wk⁻¹). Participants were assessed for strength, body composition, central/peripheral blood pressures, arterial stiffness, and markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health. RESULTS Body weight was similar in OT and OU and greater than NT (P < 0.00001), and fat mass was different in all groups (P < 0.001). Compared to OU, NT and OT groups exhibited higher relative strength (NT = 46.7%, OT = 44.4%, P < 0.00001), subendocardial viability ratio (NT = 21.0%, P < 0.001; OT = 17.0%, P < 0.01), and lower brachial/central blood pressures (NT P < 0.001; OT P ≤ 0.05); augmentation index and pulse-wave velocity were lower only in OT (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (NT P < 0.01, OT P < 0.05), triglycerides (NT = -50.4%, OT = -41.8%, P < 0.001), oxidized LDL (NT = -39.8%, OT = -31.8%, P < 0.001), and CRP (NT = -63.7%, OT = -67.4%, P < 0.01) levels were lower and high-density lipoprotein (NT = 26.9%, OT = 21.4%, P < 0.001) levels were higher in NT and OT compared to OU. NT and OT also exhibited lower amylin (NT = -55.8%, OT = -40.8%) and leptin (NT = -84.6%, OT = -59.4%) and higher adiponectin (NT = 87.5%, P < 0.001; OT = 78.1%, P < 0.01) and sex hormone-binding globulin (NT = 124.4%, OT = 92.3%, P < 0.001). Despite greater total and trunk fat in OT compared with NT, other than glucose and insulin, which were lower in NT than in both OT and OU (OT P < 0.01, OU P < 0.001), OT did not exhibit any impaired biomarker/phenotype compared to NT. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that overweight/class I obese individuals with high strength fitness exhibit metabolic/cardiovascular risk profiles similar to normal-weight, fit individuals rather than overweight/class I obese unfit individuals. Strength training may be important to metabolic and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Roberts
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary M. Lee
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael Katiraie
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shannon L. Krell
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Siddhartha S. Angadi
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael K. Chronley
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher S. Oh
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA
| | - Andrea L. Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel M. Croymans
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Park JH, Park H, Lim ST, Park JK. Effects of a 12-week healthy-life exercise program on oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and carotid intima-media thickness in obese elderly women. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1435-9. [PMID: 26157235 PMCID: PMC4483413 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study examined the effects of a 12-week exercise program on plasma level
of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese elderly women, who are at
increased risk of heart disease morbidity. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty participants were
assigned into either a control (n = 10) or a supervised exercise program
(n = 10) group. The 12-week exercise intervention was performed 3 days
per week and involved combined aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and traditional
Korean dance. [Results] Two-factor analysis of variance revealed significant group × time
interactions for body mass, diastolic blood pressure, appendicular muscle mass. For
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
the ratio of oxidized low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, two-factor analysis of
variance revealed significant interactions (group × time), indicating responses differed
significantly between the control and exercise groups after 12 weeks. [Conclusion] A
12-week low- to moderate-intensity exercise program appears to be beneficial for obese
elderly women by improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Park
- The Dong-A Anti-aging Research Institute, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Health Care and Sciences, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea ; Research Institute of National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Seung-Taek Lim
- College of Sport Sciences, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kee Park
- Institute of Taekwondo for Health and Culture, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
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14
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Roberts CK, Katiraie M, Croymans DM, Yang OO, Kelesidis T. Untrained young men have dysfunctional HDL compared with strength-trained men irrespective of body weight status. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1043-9. [PMID: 23887902 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00359.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of strength fitness and body weight on the redox properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and associations with indices of vascular and metabolic health. Ninety young men were categorized into three groups: 1) overweight untrained (OU; n = 30; BMI 30.7 ± 2.1 kg/m(2)); 2) overweight trained [OT; n = 30; BMI 29.0 ± 1.9; ≥4 d/wk resistance training (RT)]; and 3) lean trained (LT; n = 30; BMI 23.7 ± 1.4; ≥4 d/wk RT). Using a novel assay on the basis of the HDL-mediated rate of oxidation of dihydrorhodamine (DOR), we determined the functional (redox) properties of HDL and examined correlations between DOR and indices of vascular and metabolic health in the cohort. DOR was significantly lower in both trained groups compared with the untrained group (LT, 1.04 ± 0.49; OT, 1.39 ± 0.57; OU, 1.80 ± 0.74; LT vs. OU P < 0.00001; OT vs. OU P = 0.02), however, DOR in the OT group was not significantly different from that of the LT group. DOR was negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (R = -0.64), relative strength (R = -0.42), sex hormone-binding globulin (R = -0.42), and testosterone (R = -0.35) (all P ≤ 0.001); whereas DOR was positively associated with triglycerides (R = 0.39, P = 0.002), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (R = 0.32), body mass index (R = 0.43), total mass (R = 0.35), total fat mass (R = 0.42), waist circumference (R = 0.45), and trunk fat mass (R = 0.42) (all P ≤ 0.001). Chronic RT is associated with improved HDL redox activity. This may contribute to the beneficial effects of RT on reducing cardiovascular disease risk, irrespective of body weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Roberts
- Exercise and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Exercise perspective on common cardiac medications. Integr Med Res 2013; 2:49-55. [PMID: 28664054 PMCID: PMC5481675 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal tablets have been used for a long time to treat cardiovascular disease. However, mortality rate is steadily increasing partly because of the patients’ sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. By contrast, exercise has been systematically shown to have multiple benefits. Regular exercise training can prevent various diseases in healthy individuals. Combined exercise and cardiac medications may lead to the improvement of heart disease. Numerous exercise training pathways still need further investigations. How exercise can prevent, treat, or attenuate diseases remains somewhat elusive. Thus, this review will discuss cardiac medications in parallel with the mechanism of action of exercise.
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16
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Nyyssönen K, Kurl S, Karppi J, Nurmi T, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Rauramaa R, de Faire U, Hamsten A, Smit AJ, Mannarino E, Humphries SE, Giral P, Grossi E, Tremoli E. LDL oxidative modification and carotid atherosclerosis: results of a multicenter study. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:231-6. [PMID: 22986183 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum LDL conjugated diene concentration is a marker of oxidative modification of LDL. We investigated the relationship between LDL conjugated dienes and cross-sectional subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid IMT in high-risk subjects of a multicenter study. METHODS Serum LDL conjugated dienes and ultrasonographically assessed carotid intima-media thickness (IMT(mean), IMT(max) and IMT(mean-max)) were available for 553 subjects from Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden. RESULTS In multivariate regression analysis, gender (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (IMT(mean), p = 0.01; IMT(mean-max), p = 0.05) and serum LDL conjugated dienes (p = 0.02 for both IMT(mean) and IMT(mean-max)) were the strongest determinants of IMT variation, adjusted for study center, ultrasound videotape reader and serum LDL cholesterol. Pack-years of smoking, added into the regression model, did not destroy the significant association between increased serum LDL conjugated dienes and IMT. Ratio of LDL conjugated dienes to LDL particle cholesterol was higher in subjects of Northern recruiting centers than of Southern centers (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There was a cross-sectional association between in vivo increased LDL oxidative modification and subclinical atherosclerosis after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The subjects in Northern countries of Europe had more oxidatively modified lipids per cholesterol in LDL particle than subjects in Southern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nyyssönen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Karlos A, Shearer J, Gnatiuk E, Onyewu C, Many G, Hoffman EP, Hittel DS. Effect of the SORT1 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol locus is sex-specific in a fit, Canadian young-adult population. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 38:188-93. [PMID: 23438231 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The SORT1 locus was originally identified by genome-wide association studies of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in adults. Although the effect sizes of this locus are relatively small, we hypothesized that a younger population would show a greater genetic effect because of fewer confounding variables. As such, we investigated the association between the SORT1 locus and LDL-C in a group of healthy young adults. Subjects (n = 122, mean age = 23.2 years) were recruited from the University of Calgary. Lipid measures and genomic DNA were collected from peripheral blood after an overnight fast. Blood pressure, percent body fat (%BF), and maximal oxygen consumption were also measured. Associations between genotype and LDL-C were investigated using linear regression. Nearly one half (42.9%) of the female and 21.7% of the male subjects had a %BF that was above a healthy range. More than one quarter of the subjects had LDL-C values that were considered nonoptimal. Although the association was not significant when both sexes were combined, a significant association was observed between the SORT1 locus (GG: 2.46 ± 0.11 mmol·L(-1) vs. GT-TT: 2.06 ± 0.12 mmol·L(-1), p = 0.016) and LDL-C in male subjects, with genotype explaining 3.0% of the variability in LDL-C. A high prevalence of nonoptimal LDL-C exists in this young population even though it is otherwise fit and healthy. A significant association was found between LDL-C and the minor SORT1 allele in male subjects, with an effect size larger than previously reported in older populations. SORT1 is a valuable target for identifying individuals who would most benefit from early interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Karlos
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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