1
|
Van Staden ADP, Visser JG, Powrie YSL, Smith C. Harnessing Microbial Effectors for Macrophage-Mediated Drug Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18260-18272. [PMID: 38680365 PMCID: PMC11044259 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage-based drug delivery systems are promising, but their development is still in its infancy, with many limitations remaining to be addressed. Our aim was to design a system harnessing microbial effectors to facilitate controlled drug cargo expulsion from macrophages to enable the use of more toxic drugs without adding to the risk of off-target detrimental effects. The pore forming and actin polymerizing Listeria monocytogenes effectors listeriolysin-O (LLO) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) were synthesized using a novel green fluorescent protein (GFP)-linked heterologous expression system. These effectors were coated onto polystyrene beads to generate "synthetic cargo" before loading into primary M1 macrophages. Bead uptake and release from macrophages were evaluated by using high-throughput quantitative imaging flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In vitro results confirmed appropriate activity of synthesized effectors. Coating of these effector proteins onto polystyrene beads (simulated drug cargo) resulted in changes in cellular morphology, bead content, and intracellular bead localization, which may support an interpretation of the induced release of these beads from the cells. This forms the basis for further investigation to fully elucidate any potential release mechanisms. Bacterial effectors ActA and LLO successfully effectuated actin polarization and protrusions from cell membranes similar to those seen in cells infected with Listeria spp., illustrating the potential of using these effectors and production methods for the development of an endogenous drug delivery system capable of low-risk, targeted release of high potency drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Du Preez Van Staden
- Department
of Microbiology, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Experimental
Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan G. Visser
- Department
of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Yigael S. L. Powrie
- Experimental
Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow 7505, South Africa
- Division
of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Twon, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Experimental
Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow 7505, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Engelbrecht L, Ollewagen T, de Swardt D. Advances in fluorescence microscopy can reveal important new aspects of tissue regeneration. Biochimie 2022; 196:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
3
|
D-galactose: a model of accelerated ageing sufficiently sensitive to reflect preventative efficacy of an antioxidant treatment. Biogerontology 2020; 21:745-761. [PMID: 32638260 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering that the phenomenon of accelerated ageing contributes to early onset of various chronic diseases, modelling of the relevant dysregulated systems or responses is vital for research aimed at identification of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we aimed to establish a model capable of simulating the redox and inflammatory changes of accelerated ageing-specifically, the aim was early phase accelerated ageing, which would allow therapeutic intervention in a preventative approach prior to clinical disease manifestation. A secondary aim was to evaluate the sensitivity of the model to reflect preventative treatment efficacy. Daily D-galactose injections (250 mg/kg body mass/day) for 8 weeks in 9-week-old male Wistar rats induced a model of early accelerated ageing (decreased plasma FRAP; P < 0.05 and altered inflammatory signalling) and an aged profile in lymph node ultrastructure, but did not yet result in telomere shortening. Preventative daily oral antioxidant administration (grape seed-derived polyphenol, 100 mg/kg body mass) prevented tissue ageing, beneficially modulated the inflammatory response, including neutrophil chemokinetic capacity, and tended to increase absolute telomere length. Data suggests that using a mild model of D-galactose administration than those employed to induce neurodegeneration, simulated the point where oxidative stress starts to overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant response and where a pro-inflammatory phenotype switch manifests. Furthermore, despite the expected small effect size, the model was sufficiently sensitive to reflect benefits of preventative antioxidant treatment in the context of ageing. This model presents a practical model for use in drug discovery, particularly in the context of preventative medicine aimed at limiting oxidative stress-associated ageing. Since this starting point of accelerated ageing as illustrated by current data, is not expected to reflect major ageing-associated changes yet, we recommend that future preventative drug discovery studies employ a longitudinal study design in order to clearly demonstrate the delay of this starting point by preventative strategies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsai SW, Huang CC, Hsu YJ, Chen CJ, Lee PY, Huang YH, Lee MC, Chiu YS, Tung YT. Accelerated Muscle Recovery After In Vivo Curcumin Supplementation. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20901898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available treatment options for muscle injuries are suboptimal and often delay muscle recovery. In this study, the effects of curcumin on inflammation and skeletal muscle regeneration after contusion-induced injury in mice were investigated. The mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups, namely normal control (NC), with induced injury (mass-drop injury, MDI) and without treatment (MDI [M]), with induced injury and diclofenac (DCF) treatment (MDI + DCF [M + D]), and with induced injury and curcumin treatment (MDI + curcumin [M + C]). Contusion-induced injury was inflicted on the left gastrocnemius muscle, and DCF or curcumin was orally administered after injury once per day for 7 days. The M group exhibited significantly higher lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and desmin than the NC group. The M + D and M + C groups have lower lipid peroxidation and neutrophils (decrease in MPO protein) and higher muscle satellite cell regeneration (increase in desmin protein) than the M group. Additionally, for the contusion-induced muscle injury, curcumin could affect the specific proteins of inflammation, neutrophils, and differentiation of satellite cells, including Ikk-α/ß, MPO, and myogenin. In conclusion, curcumin potentially accelerates muscle recovery; therefore, it may be a potential candidate for further research as an effective treatment to enhance muscle repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung City
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Po-Ying Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
- School of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan
| | - Yen-Shuo Chiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oyenihi AB, Smith C. Are polyphenol antioxidants at the root of medicinal plant anti-cancer success? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:54-72. [PMID: 30287197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Given the severe side effects associated with most of the conventional cancer medications, as well as the expanding body of evidence indicating secondary toxicity of these drugs, individuals with cancer are increasingly turning to natural alternatives. Similarly, the pharmaceutical industry is in search of natural products to treat cancer. An understanding of the specific active components in plant products with which anti-cancer efficacy is achieved is required for this research to move forward. AIM OF THE STUDY To integrate data from cancer-relatestudies on plant-derived products or extracts, to elucidate whether these products may have similar active ingredients and/or mechanisms of action, that can explain their efficacy. This review also includes a discussion of the methodological complexities and important considerations involved in accurate isolation and characterisation of active substances from plant material. CONCLUSIONS From the literature reviewed, most plant products with consistently reported anti-cancer efficacy contains high levels of polyphenols or other potent antioxidants and their mechanisms of action correlate to that reported for isolated antioxidants in the context of cancer. This suggests that natural products may indeed become the panacea against this chronic disease - either as therapeutic medicine strategy or to serve as templates for the design of novel synthetic drugs. The recommendation is made that antioxidant activity of plant actives and especially polyphenols, should be the focus of anti-cancer drug discovery initiatives. Lastly, researchers are advised to exploit current techniques of chemical compound characterisation when investigating polyphenol-rich plants to enable the easy consolidation of research findings from different laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Oyenihi
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Visser JG, Van Staden ADP, Smith C. Harnessing Macrophages for Controlled-Release Drug Delivery: Lessons From Microbes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:22. [PMID: 30740053 PMCID: PMC6355695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the effectiveness of therapeutic agents ever decreasing and the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant pathogens, there is a clear need for administration of more potent, potentially more toxic, drugs. Alternatively, biopharmaceuticals may hold potential but require specialized protection from premature in vivo degradation. Thus, a paralleled need for specialized drug delivery systems has arisen. Although cell-mediated drug delivery is not a completely novel concept, the few applications described to date are not yet ready for in vivo application, for various reasons such as drug-induced carrier cell death, limited control over the site and timing of drug release and/or drug degradation by the host immune system. Here, we present our hypothesis for a new drug delivery system, which aims to negate these limitations. We propose transport of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs inside autologous macrophages polarized to M1 phenotype for high mobility and treated to induce transient phagosome maturation arrest. In addition, we propose a significant shift of existing paradigms in the study of host-microbe interactions, in order to study microbial host immune evasion and dissemination patterns for their therapeutic utilization in the context of drug delivery. We describe a system in which microbial strategies may be adopted to facilitate absolute control over drug delivery, and without sacrificing the host carrier cells. We provide a comprehensive summary of the lessons we can learn from microbes in the context of drug delivery and discuss their feasibility for in vivo therapeutic application. We then describe our proposed "synthetic microbe drug delivery system" in detail. In our opinion, this multidisciplinary approach may hold the solution to effective, controlled drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Georg Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | | | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Petersen KS, Marnewick JL, Smith C. Grape polyphenols corrects ageing-related detriments in neutrophil functionality via modulation of specific molecular targets. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1349-1358. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Smith C. Natural antioxidants in prevention of accelerated ageing: a departure from conventional paradigms required. J Physiol Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29541947 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The modern lifestyle is characterised by various factors that cause accelerating ageing by the upregulation of oxidative stress and inflammation-two processes that are inextricably linked in an endless circle of self-propagation. Inflammation in particular is commonly accepted as aetiological factor in many chronic disease states, such as obesity, diabetes and depression. In terms of disease prevention or treatment, interventions aimed at changing dietary and/or exercise habits have had limited success in practise, mostly due to poor long-term compliance. Furthermore, other primary stimuli responsible for eliciting an oxidative stress or inflammatory response-e.g. psychological stress and anxiety-cannot always be easily addressed. Thus, preventive medicine aimed at countering the oxidative stress and/or inflammatory responses has become of interest. Especially in developing countries, such as South Africa, the option of development of effective strategies from plants warrants further investigation. A brief overview of the most relevant and promising South African plants which have been identified in the context of inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic disease is provided here. In addition, and more specifically, our group and others have shown considerable beneficial effects across many models, after treatment with products derived from grapes. Of particular interest, specific cellular mechanisms have been identified as therapeutic targets of grape-derived polyphenols in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress. The depth of these studies afforded some additional insights, related to methodological considerations pertaining to animal vs. human models in natural product research, which may address the current tendency for generally poor translation of positive animal model results into human in vivo models. The importance of considering individual data vs. group averages in this context is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith T, Engelbrecht L, Smith C. Anti-inflammatory cellular targets on neutrophils elucidated using a novel cell migration model and confocal microscopy: a clinical supplementation study. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:2. [PMID: 29311762 PMCID: PMC5756363 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In vivo studies have shown grape seed-derived polyphenols (GSP) to benefit in recovery from muscle injury by modulation of neutrophil infiltration into damaged tissue, thereby reducing secondary damage, as well as by facilitating an early anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype shift. The current study aimed to provide data in this context from human models and to elucidate specific molecular targets of GSP. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind study design, eighteen normally healthy volunteers between the ages of 18–35 years old (13 female and 5 male) were orally supplemented with 140 mg/day of GSP for 2 weeks. Blood samples (days 0 and 14) were comprehensively analysed for in vitro neutrophil chemokinetic capacity towards a chemotaxin (fMLP) using a novel neutrophil migration assay, in combination with live cell tracking, as well as immunostaining for neutrophil polarisation factors (ROCK, PI3K) at migration endpoint. Macrophage phenotype marker expression was assessed using flow cytometry. Results fMLP induced significant chemokinesis (P < 0.01), validating our model. GSP did not exert a significant effect on neutrophil chemokinesis in this non-compromised population, but tended to decrease overall ROCK expression in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils (P = 0.06). Macrophage phenotype markers CD274 and MPO – indicators of a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype – seemed to be normalised relative to baseline expression levels after GSP treatment. Conclusions Current data suggest that GSP may have a modulatory effect on the ROCK-PI3K-PTEN system, but results in this normal population is not conclusive and should be confirmed in a larger, more inflamed population. Potential modulation of macrophage phenotype by GSP should be investigated further. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12950-017-0177-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Smith
- Department Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - L Engelbrecht
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Department Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Visser JG, Smith C. Development of a transendothelial shuttle by macrophage modification. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1889-e1898. [PMID: 29193878 DOI: 10.1002/term.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the limiting factors in tissue regeneration, particularly in the context of chronic disease such as myodystrophy, motor neuron disease, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular disease, is limited availability of stem cells. We propose employing autologous macrophages to deliver stem cells, thereby facilitating tissue regeneration, by a novel and relatively non-invasive therapeutic intervention. Circulatory monocytic cells of M1 phenotype have capacity for transendothelial migration to infiltrate damaged tissue, making them ideal delivery vehicles. However, in order to deliver viable stem cells, these macrophages must undergo phagosome maturation arrest. Our aim was to induce phagosome maturation arrest in prepolarised M1 macrophages, whilst maintaining capacity for phagocytic engulfment (including phagosome formation) and transendothelial migration. Primary human M1 macrophages were treated with a wortmannin-concanamycin A-chloroquine cocktail to induce arrest. Modified cells were allowed to ingest 4.5 μm protein-coated fluorescent latex beads (simulated stem cells), before migratory capacity in response to MCP-1 was assessed over a 2-hr period in a Transwell co-culture system. Data indicate that phagosome acidification (as indicated by pHrodo®) was prevented in treated cells, effectively limiting digestion of ingested "cargo" (1.23 ± 0.26% vs. 7.52 ± 0.98% in controls; p < .0001). Neither phagocytic engulfment capacity (68.67 ± 3.51% vs. 61.19 ± 4.68%) nor migratory capacity (70.14 ± 12.6 vs. 72.86 ± 16.0 migrated cells per well) was compromised. We conclude that macrophages were successfully modified into transendothelial delivery vehicles, without compromising required functionality. This delivery system can be exploited to develop a novel method for focussed stem cell and/or drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Georg Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Le Moal E, Pialoux V, Juban G, Groussard C, Zouhal H, Chazaud B, Mounier R. Redox Control of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:276-310. [PMID: 28027662 PMCID: PMC5685069 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle shows high plasticity in response to external demand. Moreover, adult skeletal muscle is capable of complete regeneration after injury, due to the properties of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the satellite cells, which follow a tightly regulated myogenic program to generate both new myofibers and new MuSCs for further needs. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have long been associated with skeletal muscle physiology, their implication in the cell and molecular processes at work during muscle regeneration is more recent. This review focuses on redox regulation during skeletal muscle regeneration. An overview of the basics of ROS/RNS and antioxidant chemistry and biology occurring in skeletal muscle is first provided. Then, the comprehensive knowledge on redox regulation of MuSCs and their surrounding cell partners (macrophages, endothelial cells) during skeletal muscle regeneration is presented in normal muscle and in specific physiological (exercise-induced muscle damage, aging) and pathological (muscular dystrophies) contexts. Recent advances in the comprehension of these processes has led to the development of therapeutic assays using antioxidant supplementation, which result in inconsistent efficiency, underlying the need for new tools that are aimed at precisely deciphering and targeting ROS networks. This review should provide an overall insight of the redox regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration while highlighting the limits of the use of nonspecific antioxidants to improve muscle function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 276-310.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmeran Le Moal
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carole Groussard
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peake JM, Neubauer O, Della Gatta PA, Nosaka K. Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:559-570. [PMID: 28035017 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00971.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed exercise consisting of eccentric (i.e., lengthening) muscle contractions often results in muscle damage characterized by ultrastructural alterations in muscle tissue, clinical signs, and symptoms (e.g., reduced muscle strength and range of motion, increased muscle soreness and swelling, efflux of myocellular proteins). The time course of recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage depends on the extent of initial muscle damage, which in turn is influenced by the intensity and duration of exercise, joint angle/muscle length, and muscle groups used during exercise. The effects of these factors on muscle strength, soreness, and swelling are well characterized. By contrast, much less is known about how they affect intramuscular inflammation and molecular aspects of muscle adaptation/remodeling. Although inflammation has historically been viewed as detrimental for recovery from exercise, it is now generally accepted that inflammatory responses, if tightly regulated, are integral to muscle repair and regeneration. Animal studies have revealed that various cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, CD8 and T-regulatory lymphocytes, fibro-adipogenic progenitors, and pericytes help to facilitate muscle tissue regeneration. However, more research is required to determine whether these cells respond to exercise-induced muscle damage. A large body of research has investigated the efficacy of physicotherapeutic, pharmacological, and nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage, with mixed results. More research is needed to examine if/how these treatments influence inflammation and muscle remodeling during recovery from exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Peake
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; .,Center of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ageing-Associated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Are Alleviated by Products from Grapes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6236309. [PMID: 27034739 PMCID: PMC4789514 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6236309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with increased incidence of a variety of chronic disease states which share oxidative stress and inflammation as causative role players. Furthermore, data point to a role for both cumulative oxidative stress and low grade inflammation in the normal ageing process, independently of disease. Therefore, arguably the best route with which to address premature ageing, as well as age-associated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, is preventative medicine aimed at modulation of these two responses, which are intricately interlinked. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the literature on the communication of these systems in the context of ageing, but with inclusion of relevant data obtained in other models. In doing so, we attempted to more clearly elucidate or identify the most probable cellular or molecular targets for preventative intervention. In addition, given the absence of a clear pharmaceutical solution in this context, together with the ever-increasing consumer bias for natural medicine, we provide an overview of the literature on grape (Vitis vinifera) derived products, for which beneficial effects are consistently reported in the context of both oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Africa LD, Smith C. Sutherlandia frutescens may exacerbate HIV-associated neuroinflammation. J Negat Results Biomed 2015; 14:14. [PMID: 26187042 PMCID: PMC4506629 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-015-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is central to the aetiology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) that are prevalent in late stage AIDS. Anti-retroviral (ARV) treatments are rolled out relatively late in the context of neuroinflammatory changes, so that their usefulness in directly preventing HAND is probably limited. It is common practice for HIV+ individuals in developing countries to make use of traditional medicines. One such medicine is Sutherlandia frutescens - commonly consumed as a water infusion. Here its efficacy as an anti-inflammatory modality in this context was investigated in an in vitro co-culture model of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Methods Single cultures of human astrocytes (HA), HUVECs and primary human monocytes, as well as co-cultures (BBB), were stimulated with HIV-1 subtype B & C Tat protein and/or HL2/3 cell secretory proteins after pre-treatment with S.frutescens extract. Effects of this pre-treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and monocyte migration across the BBB were assessed. Results In accordance with others, B Tat was more pro-inflammatory than C Tat, validating our model. S.frutescens decreased IL-1β secretion significantly (P < 0.0001), but exacerbated both monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P < 0001) – a major role player in HIV-associated neuroinflammation – and CD14+ monocyte infiltration across the BBB (P < 0.01). Conclusions Current data illustrates that the combined use of HL2/3 cells and the simulated BBB presents an accurate, physiologically relevant in vitro model with which to study neuroinflammation in the context of HIV/AIDS. In addition, our results caution against the use of S.frutescens as anti-inflammatory modality at any stage post-HIV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12952-015-0031-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Dane Africa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van de Vyver M, Engelbrecht L, Smith C, Myburgh KH. Neutrophil and monocyte responses to downhill running: Intracellular contents of MPO, IL-6, IL-10, pstat3, and SOCS3. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:638-47. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. van de Vyver
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine; Stellenbosch University; Tygerberg South Africa
| | - L. Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
- Central Analytical Facility; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - C. Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - K. H. Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
George C, Smith C, Isaacs AW, Huisamen B. Chronic Prosopis glandulosa treatment blunts neutrophil infiltration and enhances muscle repair after contusion injury. Nutrients 2015; 7:815-30. [PMID: 25625816 PMCID: PMC4344562 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment options for soft tissue injuries remain suboptimal and often result in delayed/incomplete recovery of damaged muscle. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral Prosopis glandulosa treatment on inflammation and regeneration in skeletal muscle after contusion injury, in comparison to a conventional treatment. The gastrocnemius muscle of rats was subjected to mass-drop injury and muscle samples collected after 1-, 3 h, 1- and 7 days post-injury. Rats were treated with P. glandulosa (100 mg/kg/day) either for 8 weeks prior to injury (up until day 7 post-injury), only post-injury, or with topically applied diclofenac post-injury (0.57 mg/kg). Neutrophil (His48-positive) and macrophage (F4/80-positive) infiltration was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry. Indicators of muscle satellite cell proliferation (ADAM12) and regeneration (desmin) were used to evaluate muscle repair. Chronic P. glandulosa and diclofenac treatment (p < 0.0001) was associated with suppression of the neutrophil response to contusion injury, however only chronic P. glandulosa treatment facilitated more effective muscle recovery (increased ADAM12 (p < 0.05) and desmin (p < 0.001) expression), while diclofenac treatment had inhibitory effects on repair, despite effective inhibition of neutrophil response. Data indicates that P. glandulosa treatment results in more effective muscle repair after contusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy George
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | - Ashwin W Isaacs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith C, Krygsman A. Hoodia gordonii extract targets both adipose and muscle tissue to achieve weight loss in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1284-1290. [PMID: 25066203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne (family Apocynaceae) is consumed globally as a natural appetite suppressant. While this effect-and its subsequent effect of weight loss-has been reported in the scientific literature, no information is available on the specific tissue types affected that accounts for the significant weight loss reported after consumption of the plant. Furthermore, most studies are performed on lean animals, so that the response of overweight or obese individuals to this plant supplement remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve lean and twelve obese male Wistar rats were supplemented with different doses of Hoodia gordonii extract (80 or 160 mg/kg body mass twice daily) in a placebo-controlled study, for a period of 14 days. RESULTS All supplemented rats exhibited significant weight loss (P<0.001). This could be ascribed to decrease in both adipose cell size and skeletal muscle fibre size. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the weight loss seen after consumption of Hoodia gordonii is due to loss of both adipose and muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Annadie Krygsman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|