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Sobhani AR, Farshidi H, Azarkish F, Eslami M, Eftekhar E, Keshavarz M, Soltani N. Magnesium Sulfate Improves Some Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Patients Suffering from One or Two Coronary Artery Diseases: A Double-blind Clinical Trial Study. Clin Pharmacol 2020; 12:159-169. [PMID: 33061673 PMCID: PMC7524176 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s261264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given the beneficial effect of MgSO4 on the cardiovascular system, this study was designed to investigate the effect of MgSO4 administration on suppressing some atherosclerotic risk factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels. Patients and Methods In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial study, 64 patients with moderate coronary artery disease (55–69% stenosis) were selected according to angiography findings. Patients were divided into four groups including patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels treated with MgSO4 (Mg-treated-VR1, Mg-treated-VR2, respectively), placebo treated patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels (Control-VR1, Control-VR2, respectively). The patients received either placebo or MgSO4 supplement capsule containing 300 mg MgSO4 for six months on a daily basis. ESR, Ca/Mg ratio, urine Mg level, serum Mg, fibrinogen, homocysteine, uric acid, Na, K, Ca, CRP, T3, T4, TSH, BUN, and Cr concentrations were measured at baseline and every three months. Results Serum T3, Ca, K, homocysteine, CRP, and Mg concentrations were significantly improved in Mg-treated groups compared to placebo groups. Conclusion The results of this study showed that despite the slight change in serum magnesium level, oral administration of MgSO4for six months could slightly reduce the serum levels of some inflammatory and vascular factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Sobhani
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Farshidi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fariba Azarkish
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdiya Eslami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mansoor Keshavarz
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Wang CL, Lin KP, Hsu GSW, Liu KL, Guo CH. Altered Mineral Metabolism and Disequilibrium Between Calcification Promoters and Inhibitors in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:14-22. [PMID: 30847765 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD) are known to have abnormal blood concentrations of antioxidant minerals; concurrent oxidative stress can contribute to increased vascular calcification. This study aims to evaluate the associations between circulating antioxidant minerals and clinical biomarkers of vascular calcification in HD patients. Blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant minerals (selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg)), and several promoters and inhibitors of calcification (matrix Gla protein (MGP), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1 and -2)) were determined in HD patients (n = 62) and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 30). Compared with healthy subjects, HD patients had significantly lower plasma concentrations of Se and Zn, increased Cu and Mg, and higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (Cu/Zn ratios, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and C-reactive protein (CRP)). We observed that HD patients had significantly lower concentrations of MGP and higher levels of FGF-23, MMP-2 and -9, TIMP-1 and -2, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios. We also observed significant relationships between the concentrations of these minerals and calcification biomarkers in HD patients. These results suggest that changes in the homeostasis of antioxidant minerals (Se, Zn, Cu, and Mg) may contribute to the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory status, thereby participating in the mechanism for accelerated vascular calcification in patients undergoing long-term HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Pin Lin
- Department of Nursing, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Guoo-Shyng W Hsu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chih-Hung Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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3
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Wang XH, Ni JS, Cao NL, Yu S, Chen YG, Zhang SX, Gu BJ, Yan J. In vivo evaluation of Mg-6Zn and titanium alloys on collagen metabolism in the healing of intestinal anastomosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44919. [PMID: 28317926 PMCID: PMC5357906 DOI: 10.1038/srep44919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great clinical need for biodegradable materials, which were used as pins of circular staplers, for gastrointestinal reconstruction in medicine. In this work we compared the effects of the Mg-6Zn and the titanium alloys on collagen metabolism in the healing of the intestinal tract in vivo. The study included Sprague-Dawley rats and their effect was compared on rat's intestinal tract, using serum magnesium, radiology, and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Radiographic and scanning electron microscope evaluation confirmed the degradation by Mg-6Zn alloy during the implantation period. Biochemical measurements including serum magnesium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase proved that degradation of Mg-6Zn alloy showed no impact on serum magnesium and the function of other important organs. Superior to titanium alloy, Mg-6Zn alloy enhanced the expression of collagen I/III and relatively suppressed the expression of MMP-1/-13 in the healing tissues, leading to more mature collagen formation at the site of anastomosis. In conclusion, Mg-6Zn alloy performed better than titanium alloy on collagen metabolism and promoted the healing of intestinal anastomosis. Hence, Mg-6Zn may be a promising candidate for use of stapler pins for intestinal reconstruction in the clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hu Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian-shu Ni
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Nai-long Cao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Song Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yi-gang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing 214002, China
| | | | - Bao-jun Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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4
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Cheng P, Han P, Zhao C, Zhang S, Zhang X, Chai Y. Magnesium inference screw supports early graft incorporation with inhibition of graft degradation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26434. [PMID: 27210585 PMCID: PMC4876376 DOI: 10.1038/srep26434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery commonly encounters graft failure in the initial phase of rehabilitation. The inhibition of graft degradation is crucial for the successful reconstruction of the ACL. Here, we used biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) screws in the rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screws as a control and analyzed the graft degradation and screw corrosion using direct pull-out tests, microCT scanning, and histological and immunohistochemical staining. The most noteworthy finding was that tendon graft fixed by HP Mg screws exhibited biomechanical properties substantially superior to that by Ti screws and the relative area of collagen fiber at the tendon-bone interface was much larger in the Mg group, when severe graft degradation was identified in the histological analysis at 3 weeks. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical results further elucidated that the MMP-13 expression significantly decreased surrounding HP Mg screws with relatively higher Collagen II expression. And HP Mg screws exhibited uniform corrosion behavior without displacement or loosening in the femoral tunnel. Therefore, our results demonstrated that Mg screw inhibited graft degradation and improved biomechanical properties of tendon graft during the early phase of graft healing and highlighted its potential in ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Changli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215513, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215513, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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5
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Kalinin RE, Suchkov IA, Pshennikov AS, Kamaev AA. The Influence of the Magnesium Level on the Concentration of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Patients Presenting with Primary Varicose Veins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17116/flebo2016104171-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Ma J, Zhao N, Zhu D. Biphasic responses of human vascular smooth muscle cells to magnesium ion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:347-56. [PMID: 26402437 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-based alloys are promising in biodegradable cardiovascular stent applications. The degradation products of magnesium stents may have significant impacts on the surrounding vascular cells. However, knowledge on the interactions between magnesium ion and vascular cells at the molecular and cellular levels is still largely missing. Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of restenosis and wound healing after stent implantation. This study evaluated the short-term effects of extracellular magnesium ion (Mg(2+)) on the cellular behaviors of SMCs. Cellular responses to Mg(2+) were biphasic and in a concentration-dependent manner. Low concentrations (10 mM) of Mg(2+) increased cell viability, cell proliferation rate, cell adhesion, cell spreading, cell migration rate, and actin expression. In contrast, higher concentrations (40-60 mM) of Mg(2+) had deleterious effects on cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that Mg(2+) altered the expressions of genes mostly related to cell adhesion, cell injury, angiogenesis, inflammation, coagulation, and cell growth. Finding from this study provides some valuable information on SMC responses toward magnesium ions at the cellular and molecular levels, and guidance for future controlled release of magnesium from the stent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27411.,NSF-ERC For Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterial, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27411
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27411.,NSF-ERC For Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterial, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27411
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27411.,NSF-ERC For Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterial, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27411
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7
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Prior PL, Vaz MJ, Ramos AC, Galduróz JCF. Influence of microelement concentration on the intensity of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 50:152-6. [PMID: 25540136 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To establish a nutritional and constitutional profile concerning the micronutrient plasma concentration of patients who suffer from AWS. METHOD Observational case control study to determine whether patients who exhibited symptoms of AWS (N = 60) had micronutrient plasmatic concentration deficiencies when compared with healthy controls (N = 34). RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the concentrations of nutrients that are correlated with glutamate hyperactivity (zinc, magnesium and folate/vitamin B12/homocysteine). CONCLUSION Evidence from literature and our experiment suggests that brain activity, especially the glutamatergic system, might be directly involved in micronutrient concentrations. Therefore, their supplementation to the AWS patient might improve symptom evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luis Prior
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Jezierski Vaz
- Centro de Referência de Tratamento de Álcool, Tabaco e outras Drogas (CRATOD), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Ramos
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Brown RS, Arany PR. Mechanism of drug-induced gingival overgrowth revisited: a unifying hypothesis. Oral Dis 2014; 21:e51-61. [PMID: 24893951 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a disfiguring side effect of anti-convulsants, calcineurin inhibitors, and calcium channel blocking agents. A unifying hypothesis has been constructed which begins with cation flux inhibition induced by all three of these drug categories. Decreased cation influx of folic acid active transport within gingival fibroblasts leads to decreased cellular folate uptake, which in turn leads to changes in matrix metalloproteinases metabolism and the failure to activate collagenase. Decreased availability of activated collagenase results in decreased degradation of accumulated connective tissue which presents as DIGO. Studies supporting this hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Brown
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Hematology Branch, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Sundrani D, Chavan-Gautam P, Pisal H, Mehendale S, Joshi S. Matrix metalloproteinases-2, -3 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1, -2 in placentas from preterm pregnancies and their association with one-carbon metabolites. Reproduction 2013; 145:401-10. [PMID: 23412981 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is an important determinant of one-carbon metabolism and defects in the one-carbon metabolism may lead to poor obstetric outcomes. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that altered intake/metabolism of micronutrients (folic acid and vitamin B12) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contributes to increased homocysteine and oxidative stress leading to altered levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in women delivering preterm. We have earlier reported increased vitamin B12, homocysteine, and oxidative stress along with reduced placental DHA in women delivering preterm. In this study, we further examine the placental levels of MMP2, MMP3, TIMP1, and TIMP2 in 75 women delivering at term and 73 women delivering preterm. Placental levels of MMPs and TIMPs were determined by ELISA. Placental MMP2 and MMP3 levels were higher (P<0.01) in women delivering preterm as compared with term. There was no difference in the placental TIMP1 and TIMP2 levels in women delivering preterm and at term. Further placental MMP2 and MMP3 levels were higher (P<0.01) in women with preterm labor as compared with those in labor at term, suggesting that MMPs may favor degradation of extracellular matrix in the placenta during preterm labor. Our study for the first time suggests a crucial role of micronutrients and MMPs in preterm birth. Future studies need to examine if epigenetic modifications through the one-carbon cycle contribute to increased levels of MMPs leading to preterm deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Sundrani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
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10
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Higa R, Kurtz M, Mazzucco MB, Musikant D, White V, Jawerbaum A. Folic acid and safflower oil supplementation interacts and protects embryos from maternal diabetes-induced damage. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 18:253-64. [PMID: 22180326 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes increases the risk of embryo malformations. Folic acid and safflower oil supplementations have been shown to reduce embryo malformations in experimental models of diabetes. In this study we here tested whether folic acid and safflower oil supplementations interact to prevent embryo malformations in diabetic rats, and analyzed whether they act through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs), and nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species production. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin administration prior to mating. From Day 0.5 of pregnancy, rats did or did not receive folic acid (15 mg/kg) and/or a 6% safflower oil-supplemented diet. Embryos and decidua were explanted on Day 10.5 of gestation for further analysis of embryo resorptions and malformations, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels, NO production and lipid peroxidation. Maternal diabetes induced resorptions and malformations that were prevented by folic acid and safflower oil supplementation. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were increased in embryos and decidua from diabetic rats and decreased with safflower oil and folic acid supplementations. In diabetic animals, the embryonic and decidual TIMPs were increased mainly with safflower oil supplementation in decidua and with folic acid in embryos. NO overproduction was decreased in decidua from diabetic rats treated with folic acid alone and in combination with safflower oil. These treatments also prevented increases in embryonic and decidual lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, folic acid and safflower oil supplementations interact and protect the embryos from diabetes-induced damage through several pathways related to a decrease in pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Higa
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sundrani DP, Chavan Gautam PM, Mehendale SS, Joshi SR. Altered metabolism of maternal micronutrients and omega 3 fatty acids epigenetically regulate matrix metalloproteinases in preterm pregnancy: A novel hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:878-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wyskida K, Witkowicz J, Chudek J, Więcek A. Daily magnesium intake and hypermagnesemia in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 2011; 22:19-26. [PMID: 21620724 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate daily magnesium intake and the relation to its serum concentration in hemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). DESIGN This is a prospective, open-label, cross-sectional clinical study analyzing daily magnesium intake based on nutritional questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS A total of 101 HD patients with CKD were screened for hypermagnesemia. All patients with serum magnesium >1.5 mmol/L were asked to fill in the standard 3-day nutritional questionnaire. The control group consisted of twice as many randomly selected HD patients with serum magnesium concentration <1.5 mmol/L and 20 subjects with normal kidney function on usual diet. RESULTS Mean (±standard deviation) serum magnesium concentration in HD patients was 1.32 ± 0.18 mmol/L. Hypermagnesemia >1.5 mmol/L was found in 17 (16.8%) patients. There was no one case of severe hypermagnesemia (>2.0 mmol/L). The daily intake of magnesium was higher by 31.7% in the group with serum magnesium >1.5 mmol/L. Hypermagnesemia was observed in patients ingesting >281 mg of magnesium daily. In univariate analysis, there was a strong positive correlation between magnesium intake and serum concentration in the whole group (r = 0.870, P < .001). No correlation between Kt/V or residual diuresis and serum magnesium concentration was found. CONCLUSIONS Magnesium consumption is the most important determinant of serum magnesium concentration in HD patients with CKD. Magnesium-containing phosphate binders can be considered in the therapy of hyperphosphatemia in HD patients without hypermagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wyskida
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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13
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Munjal C, Givvimani S, Qipshidze N, Tyagi N, Falcone JC, Tyagi SC. Mesenteric vascular remodeling in hyperhomocysteinemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 348:99-108. [PMID: 21076854 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling by its very nature implies synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix components (such as elastin, collagen, and connexins). Most of the vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are latent because of the presence of constitutive nitric oxide (NO). However, during oxidative stress peroxinitrite (ONOO-) activates the latent MMPs and instigates vascular remodeling. Interestingly, in mesenteric artery, homocysteine (Hcy) decreases the NO bio-availability, and folic acid (FA, an Hcy-lowering agent) mitigates the Hcy-mediated mesentery artery dysfunction. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) increases NO production. The hypothesis was that the Hcy decreased NO bio-availability, in part, activating MMP, decreasing elastin, DDAH-2, eNOS and increased vasomotor response by increasing connexin. To test this hypothesis,the authors used 12-week-old C57BJ/L6 wild type (WT) and hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy)-cystathione beta synthase heterozygote knockout (CBS+/-) mice. Blood pressure measurements were made by radio-telemetry. WT and MMP-9 knockout mice were administered with Hcy (0.67 mg/ml in drinking water). Superior mesenteric artery and mesenteric arcade were analyzed with light and confocal microscopy. The protein expressions were measured by western blot analysis. The mRNA levels for MMP-9 were measured by RT-PCR. The data showed decreased DDAH-2 and eNOS expressions in mesentery in CBS-/+ mice compared with WT mice. Immuno-fluorescence and western blot results suggest increased MMP-9 and connexin-40 expression in mesenteric arcades of CBS-/+ mice compared with WT mice. The wall thickness of third-order mesenteric artery was increased in CBS-/+ mice compared to WT mice. Hcy treatment increased blood pressure in WT mice. Interestingly, in MMP-9 KO, Hcy did not increase blood pressure. These results may suggest that HHcy causes mesenteric artery remodeling and narrowing by activating MMP-9 and decreasing DDAH-2 and eNOS expressions, compromising the blood flow, instigating hypertension, and acute abdomen pain.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Pain/etiology
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
- Blotting, Western
- Connexins/metabolism
- Cystathionine beta-Synthase/genetics
- Cystathionine beta-Synthase/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elasticity
- Elastin/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Homocysteine
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/chemically induced
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/genetics
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/metabolism
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/pathology
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/physiopathology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/deficiency
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/metabolism
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/pathology
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Video
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Nitrites/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Splanchnic Circulation
- Telemetry
- Vascular Resistance
- Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munjal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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14
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Washio T, Nomoto K, Watanabe I, Tani S, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Relationship Between Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Congestive Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Homocysteine and Congestive Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2011; 52:224-8. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.52.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Washio
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
| | - Kazumiki Nomoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
| | | | - Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
| | - Ken Nagao
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
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15
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Guo H, Liu L, Shi Y, Sun A, Xu F, Chi J, Huang D. Chinese yellow wine and red wine inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 and improve atherosclerotic plaque in LDL receptor knockout mice. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 28:161-8. [PMID: 20370796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that Chinese yellow wine could inhibit the production of homocysteine (HCY) induced extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Little is known about the relationship between Chinese yellow wine and atherosclerosis or MMP-2 in vivo. Thirty-two LDL Receptor knockout mice on a high-fat and L-methionine diet developed plasma hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerosis. They were randomly divided into yellow wine group (n = 8), red wine group (n = 8), ethanol group (n = 8), and control group (n = 8), they were sacrificed after 14 weeks. There were no significant differences with plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the four groups. Plasma HCY was significantly decreased in the yellow wine group compared to the other three groups (P < 0.01). Yellow wine and red wine groups significantly reduced the atherosclerosis lesion area compared to ethanol and control groups (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant discrepancy between the yellow wine group and red wine group. Compared to the control group and ethanol group, the production of MMP-2 reduced 26.8% and 23.6% in the aortic sinus and the activation of MMP-2 reduced 32.6% and 27.3% in the aortic arch in the yellow wine group; the production of MMP-2 reduced 25.7% and 22.4% in the aortic sinus and the activation of MMP-2 reduced 30.2% and 26.6% in the aortic arch in the red wine group. These results suggest that Chinese yellow wine and red wine can inhibit MMP-2 and improve atherosclerosis, and maybe both Chinese yellow wine and red wine have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease by inhibiting MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000 China.
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Gil-Prieto R, Hernández V, Cano B, Oya M, Gil A. Plasma homocysteine in adolescents depends on the interaction between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype, lipids and folate: a seroepidemiological study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009; 6:39. [PMID: 19804640 PMCID: PMC2761918 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many publications link high homocysteine levels to cardiovascular disease. In Spain there is little information on the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia and associated vitamin factors among the general population, and less still among children. Cardiovascular risk factors in the childhood population may be related to the appearance of cardiovascular disease at adult age. The aim of this study is to establish a definition of hyperhomocysteinaemia in adolescents and to analyze the influence of vitamin and metabolic factors in homocysteine levels in this population group. Methods Descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study to estimate serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels, as well as plasma total, HDL- and LDL- cholesterol in a schoolgoing population aged 13 to 17 years in Madrid, Spain. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to ascertain quantitative comparison, Pearson's χ2 test (frequency < 5, Fisher) was used for comparison of prevalences, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparison of means and Bonferroni correction was used for post-hoc tests. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed in the multivariate analysis. Results Based on the classic values for definition of hyperhomocysteinaemia in adults, prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in the study population was: 1.26% for 15 μmol/L; and 2.52% for 12 μmol/L. Deficits in HDL cholesterol and serum folate levels yielded adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for hyperhomocysteinemia of 2.786, 95% CI (1.089-7.126), and 5.140, 95% CI (2.347-11.256) respectively. Mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype also raises the risk of hyperhomocysteinaemia (CC→CT: OR = 2.362; 95% CI (1.107-5.042) CC→TT: OR = 6.124, 95% CI (2.301-16.303)) Conclusion A good definition of hyperhomocysteinaemia in adolescents is the 90th percentile, equivalent to 8.23 μmol/L. Risk factors for hyperhomocysteinaemia are cHDL and folate deficiency, and the MTHFR C677T mutant genotype. No significant effect could be assessed for vitamin B12. Coexistence of all three factors increases the risk of suffering from hyperhomocysteinaemia 87-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Gil-Prieto
- Preventive Medicine & Public Health Unit, Health Sciences I Department, Rey Juan Carlos University Avda de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Falvo N, Ghiringhelli F, Berthier S, Bonnotte B, Lorcerie B. [Case-control study evaluating the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia in cancer patients in an internal medicine department]. Rev Med Interne 2007; 28:520-5. [PMID: 17537549 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is a cause of venous thromboembolism. However, the physiopathology remains unknown. Hyperhomocysteinemia could be a promoting factor. METHOD We built a case-control study of 65 patients followed for 2 years to compare levels of homocystéinémie in cancer bearing patients with that in matched cancer free control patients. RESULTS Fifty per cent of cancer bearing patients had significantly increased blood serum levels of homocystéine (P=0.006). This increase did not correlate with any deficiency in blood serum levels of folate or vitamin B12. CONCLUSION High levels of homocystéinémie could be linked to tumor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Falvo
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital du Bocage, 2, boulevard de Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21030 Dijon cedex, France.
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Guo H, Wang P, You B, Xing Y, Lee JD. Chinese yellow wine inhibits production of homocysteine-induced extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:348-54. [PMID: 17374421 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regular consumption of moderate amounts of Chinese yellow wine is associated with a reduced risk of coronary disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that participate in extracellular matrix degradation have been involved in atherosclerotic plaque growth and instability. The present research aimed to study the effects of Chinese yellow wine on the production of homocysteine (Hcy)-induced extracellular MMP-2 in cultured rats vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS We examined the effects of different Hcy levels (0-1000 micromol/l) on MMP-2 production, and the effects of Chinese yellow wine with low alcohol concentrations (12-19%) on Hcy-induced MMP-2 in cultured rat (VSMCs) using gelatin zymography and western blotting. We further compared the changes of MMP-2 under various treatments for 12, 24 and 48 h. RESULTS Hcy (50-1000 micromol/l) increased the production of MMP-2 significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Increased production of MMP-2 induced by Hcy was reduced by extracellularly added Chinese yellow wine. Production of MMP-2 under various treatments for 48 h increased more than 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Extracellularly added Chinese yellow wine decreased Hcy-induced MMP-2 secretion. The inhibitory effect of yellow wine on the activation of MMP-2 might contribute to their beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Homocysteine/pharmacology
- Homocysteine/physiology
- Humans
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Time Factors
- Wine/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
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