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Dridi H, Santulli G, Bahlouli L, Miotto MC, Weninger G, Marks AR. Mitochondrial Calcium Overload Plays a Causal Role in Oxidative Stress in the Failing Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37759809 PMCID: PMC10527470 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious global health challenge, affecting more than 6.2 million people in the United States and is projected to reach over 8 million by 2030. Independent of etiology, failing hearts share common features, including defective calcium (Ca2+) handling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and oxidative stress. In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ not only regulates excitation-contraction coupling, but also mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress signaling, thereby controlling the function and actual destiny of the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is an ongoing challenge in order to identify novel therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in heart failure and the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Laith Bahlouli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Marco C. Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gunnar Weninger
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
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Zhuang A, Yang C, Liu Y, Tan Y, Bond ST, Walker S, Sikora T, Laskowski A, Sharma A, de Haan JB, Meikle PJ, Shimizu T, Coughlan MT, Calkin AC, Drew BG. SOD2 in skeletal muscle: New insights from an inducible deletion model. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102135. [PMID: 34598016 PMCID: PMC8487078 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance are frequently associated with impairments in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. This is often linked to dysregulation of homeostatic pathways including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. One of the main sites of ROS production is the mitochondria, where the flux of substrates through the electron transport chain (ETC) can result in the generation of oxygen free radicals. Fortunately, several mechanisms exist to buffer bursts of intracellular ROS and peroxide production, including the enzymes Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Of the latter, there are two intracellular isoforms; SOD1 which is mostly cytoplasmic, and SOD2 which is found exclusively in the mitochondria. Developmental and chronic loss of these enzymes has been linked to disease in several studies, however the temporal effects of these disturbances remain largely unexplored. Here, we induced a post-developmental (8-week old mice) deletion of SOD2 in skeletal muscle (SOD2-iMKO) and demonstrate that 16 weeks of SOD2 deletion leads to no major impairment in whole body metabolism, despite these mice displaying alterations in aspects of mitochondrial abundance and voluntary ambulatory movement. This is likely partly explained by the suggestive data that a compensatory response may exist from other redox enzymes, including catalase and glutathione peroxidases. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that inducible SOD2 deletion impacts on specific aspects of muscle lipid metabolism, including the abundance of phospholipids and phosphatidic acid (PA), the latter being a key intermediate in several cellular signaling pathways. Thus, our findings suggest that post-developmental deletion of SOD2 induces a more subtle phenotype than previous embryonic models have shown, allowing us to highlight a previously unrecognized link between SOD2, mitochondrial function and bioactive lipid species including PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aowen Zhuang
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christine Yang
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yingying Liu
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yanie Tan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Simon T Bond
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shannen Walker
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Tim Sikora
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Adrienne Laskowski
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia; Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, 3122, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Anna C Calkin
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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3
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Watanabe K, Shibuya S, Ozawa Y, Toda T, Shimizu T. Pathological Relationship between Intracellular Superoxide Metabolism and p53 Signaling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3548. [PMID: 33805584 PMCID: PMC8037821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular superoxide dismutases (SODs) maintain tissue homeostasis via superoxide metabolism. We previously reported that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide accumulation caused by cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) or mitochondrial SOD (SOD2) insufficiency, induced p53 activation in cells. SOD1 loss also induced several age-related pathological changes associated with increased oxidative molecules in mice. To evaluate the contribution of p53 activation for SOD1 knockout (KO) (Sod1-/-) mice, we generated SOD1 and p53 KO (double-knockout (DKO)) mice. DKO fibroblasts showed increased cell viability with decreased apoptosis compared with Sod1-/- fibroblasts. In vivo experiments revealed that p53 insufficiency was not a great contributor to aging-like tissue changes but accelerated tumorigenesis in Sod1-/- mice. Furthermore, p53 loss failed to improve dilated cardiomyopathy or the survival in heart-specific SOD2 conditional KO mice. These data indicated that p53 regulated ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death and tumorigenesis but not ROS-mediated tissue degeneration in SOD-deficient models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuichi Shibuya
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Toshihiko Toda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
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4
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Kent AC, El Baradie KBY, Hamrick MW. Targeting the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore to Prevent Age-Associated Cell Damage and Neurodegeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6626484. [PMID: 33574977 PMCID: PMC7861926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with significant alterations in mitochondrial function. These changes in mitochondrial function are thought to involve increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which over time contribute to cell death, senescence, tissue degeneration, and impaired tissue repair. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is likely to play a critical role in these processes, as increased ROS activates mPTP opening, which further increases ROS production. Injury and inflammation are also thought to increase mPTP opening, and chronic, low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of aging. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) can suppress the frequency and duration of mPTP opening; however, NAD+ levels are known to decline with age, further stimulating mPTP opening and increasing ROS release. Research on neurodegenerative diseases, particularly on Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), has uncovered significant findings regarding mPTP openings and aging. Parkinson's disease is associated with a reduction in mitochondrial complex I activity and increased oxidative damage of DNA, both of which are linked to mPTP opening and subsequent ROS release. Similarly, AD is associated with increased mPTP openings, as evidenced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) interaction with the pore regulator cyclophilin D (CypD). Targeted therapies that can reduce the frequency and duration of mPTP opening may therefore have the potential to prevent age-related declines in cell and tissue function in various systems including the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Kent
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Mark W. Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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5
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Kumar AA, Kelly DP, Chirinos JA. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation 2019; 139:1435-1450. [PMID: 30856000 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex syndrome with an increasingly recognized heterogeneity in pathophysiology. Exercise intolerance is the hallmark of HFpEF and appears to be caused by both cardiac and peripheral abnormalities in the arterial tree and skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial abnormalities can significantly contribute to impaired oxygen utilization and the resulting exercise intolerance in HFpEF. We review key aspects of the complex biology of this organelle, the clinical relevance of mitochondrial function, the methods that are currently available to assess mitochondrial function in humans, and the evidence supporting a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. We also discuss the role of mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target, some key considerations for the design of early-phase clinical trials using agents that specifically target mitochondrial function to improve symptoms in patients with HFpEF, and ongoing trials with mitochondrial agents in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam A Kumar
- From the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (A.K., D.P.K., J.C.)
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- From the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (A.K., D.P.K., J.C.)
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- From the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (A.K., D.P.K., J.C.).,the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.C.)
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6
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Nguyen BY, Ruiz‐Velasco A, Bui T, Collins L, Wang X, Liu W. Mitochondrial function in the heart: the insight into mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4302-4318. [PMID: 29968316 PMCID: PMC6887906 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a crucial contributory factor in cardiac pathology. This has highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria to prevent or treat cardiac disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with aberrant electron transport chain activity, reduced ATP production, an abnormal shift in metabolic substrates, ROS overproduction and impaired mitochondrial dynamics. This review will cover the mitochondrial functions and how they are altered in various disease conditions. Furthermore, the mechanisms that lead to mitochondrial defects and the protective mechanisms that prevent mitochondrial damage will be discussed. Finally, potential mitochondrial targets for novel therapeutic intervention will be explored. We will highlight the development of small molecules that target mitochondria from different perspectives and their current progress in clinical trials. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Yen Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Andrea Ruiz‐Velasco
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Thuy Bui
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Lucy Collins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Wei Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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7
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Kiyuna LA, Albuquerque RPE, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart failure: Challenges and opportunities. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:155-168. [PMID: 30227272 PMCID: PMC6309415 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired bioenergetics, oxidative stress and aldehydic load is a hallmark of heart failure. Recently, different research groups have provided evidence that selective activation of mitochondrial detoxifying systems that counteract excessive accumulation of ROS, RNS and reactive aldehydes is sufficient to stop cardiac degeneration upon chronic stress, such as heart failure. Therefore, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondria detoxification may play a critical role in the prevention or treatment of heart failure. In this review we discuss the most recent findings on the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and aldehydic load in heart failure, highlighting the most recent preclinical and clinical studies using mitochondria-targeted molecules and exercise training as effective tools against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Akemi Kiyuna
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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8
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Cardiac-specific overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 exacerbates cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Redox Biol 2018; 17:440-449. [PMID: 29885625 PMCID: PMC5991908 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac remodeling during heart failure is associated with higher levels of lipid peroxidation products and lower abundance of several aldehyde detoxification enzymes, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). An emerging idea that could explain these findings concerns the role of electrophilic species in redox signaling, which may be important for adaptive responses to stress or injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetically increasing ALDH2 activity affects pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 12 weeks developed myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, which were associated with diminished ALDH2 expression and activity. Cardiac-specific expression of the human ALDH2 gene in mice augmented myocardial ALDH2 activity but did not improve cardiac function in response to pressure overload. After 12 weeks of TAC, ALDH2 transgenic mice had larger hearts than their wild-type littermates and lower capillary density. These findings show that overexpression of ALDH2 augments the hypertrophic response to pressure overload and imply that downregulation of ALDH2 may be an adaptive response to certain forms of cardiac pathology.
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9
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Li Q, Yu Q, Na R, Liu B. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent murine dilated cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6152-6158. [PMID: 29285172 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice that lacked manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity exhibited the typical pathology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on heart function and oxidative stress biomarkers in mice with DCM. In the present study, heart/muscle-specific Mn-SOD-deficient mice (H/M-Sod2-/-) were treated with n-3 PUFA (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in their heart mitochondria and cardiac function was subsequently assessed. n-3 PUFA treatment diminished ROS production and suppressed the progression of cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, n-3 PUFA treatment effectively reversed the cardiac dysfunction and dilatation observed in symptomatic H/M-Sod2-/- mice. Notably, n-3 PUFA treatment ameliorated a molecular defect in connexin 43. Hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that the phenotype of DCM was also ameliorated following n-3 PUFA treatment. Furthermore, echocardiography demonstrated that cardiac function was significantly improved in the mice treated with n-3 PUFA (P<0.05). Meanwhile, pre-treatment with n-3 PUFA significantly decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis (P<0.001). In conclusion, n-3 PUFA treatment is able to prevent murine DCM, primarily by reducing ROS production and improving myocardial apoptosis. Therefore, the impairment of ROS production is proposed as a potential therapy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Rongmei Na
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Baiting Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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10
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Brown DA, Perry JB, Allen ME, Sabbah HN, Stauffer BL, Shaikh SR, Cleland JGF, Colucci WS, Butler J, Voors AA, Anker SD, Pitt B, Pieske B, Filippatos G, Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M. Expert consensus document: Mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 14:238-250. [PMID: 28004807 PMCID: PMC5350035 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a pressing worldwide public-health problem with millions of patients having worsening heart failure. Despite all the available therapies, the condition carries a very poor prognosis. Existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, but do not fully address molecular abnormalities that occur in cardiomyocytes. This shortcoming is particularly important given that most patients with heart failure have viable dysfunctional myocardium, in which an improvement or normalization of function might be possible. Although the pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be an important target for therapy to improve cardiac function directly. Mitochondrial abnormalities include impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, shifted metabolic substrate utilization, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, and altered ion homeostasis. In this Consensus Statement, insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure are presented, along with an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to improve the function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, B139, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart &Lung Institute, National Institute of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton &Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, C-8, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Health Sciences Center, T-16 Room 080, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Straße, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, and German Heart Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kopodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road Suite 7400, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 201 East Huron, Galter 3-150, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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11
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Vaiserman AM, Lushchak OV, Koliada AK. Anti-aging pharmacology: Promises and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:9-35. [PMID: 27524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has grown dramatically in modern times. This increase, however, is not accompanied by the same increase in healthspan. Efforts to extend healthspan through pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes are now in the spotlight of geroscience, the main idea of which is that delaying of aging is far more effective than preventing the particular chronic disorders. Currently, anti-aging pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline. It is a preventive field of health care, as opposed to conventional medicine which focuses on treating symptoms rather than root causes of illness. A number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inducers, senolytics etc.) are now under investigation. This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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12
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Abstract
In addition to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria perform other functions such as heme biosynthesis and oxygen sensing and mediate calcium homeostasis, cell growth, and cell death. They participate in cell communication and regulation of inflammation and are important considerations in aging, drug toxicity, and pathogenesis. The cell's capacity to maintain its mitochondria involves intramitochondrial processes, such as heme and protein turnover, and those involving entire organelles, such as fusion, fission, selective mitochondrial macroautophagy (mitophagy), and mitochondrial biogenesis. The integration of these processes exemplifies mitochondrial quality control (QC), which is also important in cellular disorders ranging from primary mitochondrial genetic diseases to those that involve mitochondria secondarily, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic syndromes. Consequently, mitochondrial biology represents a potentially useful, but relatively unexploited area of therapeutic innovation. In patients with genetic OXPHOS disorders, the largest group of inborn errors of metabolism, effective therapies, apart from symptomatic and nutritional measures, are largely lacking. Moreover, the genetic and biochemical heterogeneity of these states is remarkably similar to those of certain acquired diseases characterized by metabolic and oxidative stress and displaying wide variability. This biologic variability reflects cell-specific and repair processes that complicate rational pharmacological approaches to both primary and secondary mitochondrial disorders. However, emerging concepts of mitochondrial turnover and dynamics along with new mitochondrial disease models are providing opportunities to develop and evaluate mitochondrial QC-based therapies. The goals of such therapies extend beyond amelioration of energy insufficiency and tissue loss and entail cell repair, cell replacement, and the prevention of fibrosis. This review summarizes current concepts of mitochondria as disease elements and outlines novel strategies to address mitochondrial dysfunction through the stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B Suliman
- Departments of Medicine (C.A.P.), Anesthesiology (H.B.S.), Duke Cancer Institute (H.B.S.), and Pathology (C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Departments of Medicine (C.A.P.), Anesthesiology (H.B.S.), Duke Cancer Institute (H.B.S.), and Pathology (C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina
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Brain-Specific Superoxide Dismutase 2 Deficiency Causes Perinatal Death with Spongiform Encephalopathy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:238914. [PMID: 26301039 PMCID: PMC4537744 DOI: 10.1155/2015/238914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegeneration. Impairment of mitochondrial energy production and increased mitochondrial oxidative damage are considered early pathological events that lead to neurodegeneration. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts toxic superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. To investigate the pathological role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the central nervous system, we generated brain-specific SOD2-deficient mice (B-Sod2−/−) using nestin-Cre-loxp system. B-Sod2−/− showed perinatal death, along with severe growth retardation. Interestingly, these mice exhibited spongiform neurodegeneration in motor cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem, accompanied by gliosis. In addition, the mutant mice had markedly decreased mitochondrial complex II activity, but not complex I or IV, in the brain based on enzyme histochemistry. Furthermore, brain lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the B-Sod2−/−, without any compensatory alterations of the activities of other antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase or glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that SOD2 protects the neural system from oxidative stress in the perinatal stage and is essential for infant survival and central neural function in mice.
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14
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Koike M, Nojiri H, Ozawa Y, Watanabe K, Muramatsu Y, Kaneko H, Morikawa D, Kobayashi K, Saita Y, Sasho T, Shirasawa T, Yokote K, Kaneko K, Shimizu T. Mechanical overloading causes mitochondrial superoxide and SOD2 imbalance in chondrocytes resulting in cartilage degeneration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11722. [PMID: 26108578 PMCID: PMC4480010 DOI: 10.1038/srep11722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress and aging are major risk factors of cartilage degeneration. Human studies have previously reported that oxidative damage increased, while SOD2 protein was reciprocally downregulated in osteoarthritic degenerated cartilage. However, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial superoxide imbalance in chondrocytes causes cartilage degeneration. We herein demonstrate that mechanical loading promoted mitochondrial superoxide generation and selective Sod2 downregulation in chondrocytes in vivo and that mitochondrial superoxide inducer also downregulated Sod2 expression in chondrocytes in vitro. A genetically manipulated model revealed that Sod2 deficiency in chondrocytes also resulted in mitochondrial superoxide overproduction and dysfunction, thus leading to cartilage degeneration. Intra-articular injection of a permeable antioxidant effectively suppressed the mechanical loading-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation and cartilage degeneration in mice. Our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial superoxide plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of osteoarthritis, and the mitochondrial superoxide balance may therefore be a promising target for the treatment of cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Koike
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Muramatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Morikawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Sasho
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuji Shirasawa
- Department of Aging Control Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine' Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Kobayashi K, Nojiri H, Saita Y, Morikawa D, Ozawa Y, Watanabe K, Koike M, Asou Y, Shirasawa T, Yokote K, Kaneko K, Shimizu T. Mitochondrial superoxide in osteocytes perturbs canalicular networks in the setting of age-related osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9148. [PMID: 25779629 PMCID: PMC5376208 DOI: 10.1038/srep09148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are major bone cells that play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of and healing damage to bone tissue. The number of living osteocytes and canalicular networks declines in an age-dependent manner. However, the pathological effects of mitochondrial redox imbalances on osteocytes and bone metabolism have not been fully elucidated. We generated mice lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) in osteocytes. Like an aged bone, Sod2 depletion in the osteocytes positively enhanced the production of cellular superoxide in vivo. A bone morphological analysis demonstrated that the Sod2-deficient femurs showed remarkable bone loss in an age-dependent manner. Interestingly, Sod2 loss induced markedly disorganized osteocytic canalicular networks and decreased the number of live osteocytes. Furthermore, Sod2 deficiency significantly suppressed bone formation and increased bone resorption concomitant with the upregulation of sclerostin and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). In vitro experiments also revealed that treatment with paraquat, a superoxide inducer in mitochondria, promoted the RANKL expression via, in part, ERK phosphorylation. These findings demonstrate that the mitochondrial superoxide induced in osteocytes by Sod2 ablation causes age-related bone loss due to the impairment of canalicular networks and bone metabolism via the deregulation of the sclerostin and RANKL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kobayashi
- 1] Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Morikawa
- 1] Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- 1] Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Shirasawa
- Department of Aging Control Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Kurokawa S, Niwano S, Niwano H, Murakami M, Ishikawa S, Masaki Y, Tamaki H, Toda T, Noda Y, Shimizu T, Izumi T, Ako J. Cardiomyocyte-derived mitochondrial superoxide causes myocardial electrical remodeling by downregulating potassium channels and related molecules. Circ J 2014; 78:1950-9. [PMID: 24859499 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the role of a primary hyperoxidative stress in myocardial electrical remodeling using heterozygous heart/muscle-specific manganese superoxide dismutase-deficient (H/M-Sod2(+/-)) mice treated with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO). METHODS AND RESULTS Both H/M-Sod2(+/-)and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with intra-peritoneal BSO or saline for 7 days, and divided into 4 groups: H/M-Sod2(+/-)+BSO, WT+BSO, H/M-Sod2(+/-)control, and WT control. The ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) and the monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) were determined. Levels of oxidative stress, potassium channel-related molecules, and K(+)channel-interacting protein-2 (KChIP2) were also evaluated. The H/M-Sod2(+/-)+BSO group exhibited markedly prolonged MAPD20, MAPD90 and ERP in comparison with the other groups (MAPD20: 14 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1 ms, MAPD90: 77 ± 7 vs. 58 ± 4 ms, ERP: 61 ± 6 vs. 41 ± 3 ms, H/M-Sod2(+/-)+BSO vs. WT control; P<0.05). Mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation in the myocardium increased in the H/M-Sod2(+/-)+BSO group in comparison with the WT+BSO group (P<0.05). Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that Kv4.2 expression was downregulated in both BSO-treated groups, whereas KChIP2 expression was downregulated only in the H/M-Sod2(+/-)+BSO group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS BSO treatment caused hyperoxidative stress in the myocardium of H/M-Sod2(+/-)mice. Changes in the expression and function of potassium channels were considered to be involved in the mechanism of electrical remodeling in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Kurokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine
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17
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Tricoire H, Palandri A, Bourdais A, Camadro JM, Monnier V. Methylene blue rescues heart defects in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:968-79. [PMID: 24105471 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common hereditary ataxia, is characterized by progressive degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a high risk of diabetes. FRDA is caused by abnormally low levels of frataxin, a highly conserved mitochondrial protein. Drosophila has been previously successfully used to model FRDA in various cell types, including neurons and glial cells. Here, we report the development of a Drosophila cardiac model of FRDA. In vivo heart imaging revealed profound impairments in heart function in frataxin-depleted Drosophila, including a strong increase in end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters and a decrease in fractional shortening (FS). These features, reminiscent of pathological phenotypes in humans, are fully rescued by complementation with human frataxin, suggesting conserved cardiac functions of frataxin between the two organisms. Oxidative stress is not a major factor of heart impairment in frataxin-depleted flies, suggesting the involvement of other pathological mechanisms notably mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) dysfunction. Accordingly, we report that methylene blue (MB), a compound known to act as an alternative electron carrier that bypasses mitochondrial complexes I-III, was able to prevent heart dysfunction. MB also partially rescued the phenotype when administered post-symptomatically. Analysis of MB derivatives demonstrates that only compounds with electron carrier properties are able to prevent the heart phenotype. Thus MB, a compound already used for several clinical applications, appears promising for the treatment of the heart dysfunctions that are a major cause of death of FRDA patients. This work provides the grounds for further evaluation of MB action in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Tricoire
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) EAC4413 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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18
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Kolwicz SC, Purohit S, Tian R. Cardiac metabolism and its interactions with contraction, growth, and survival of cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2013; 113:603-16. [PMID: 23948585 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The network for cardiac fuel metabolism contains intricate sets of interacting pathways that result in both ATP-producing and non-ATP-producing end points for each class of energy substrates. The most salient feature of the network is the metabolic flexibility demonstrated in response to various stimuli, including developmental changes and nutritional status. The heart is also capable of remodeling the metabolic pathways in chronic pathophysiological conditions, which results in modulations of myocardial energetics and contractile function. In a quest to understand the complexity of the cardiac metabolic network, pharmacological and genetic tools have been engaged to manipulate cardiac metabolism in a variety of research models. In concert, a host of therapeutic interventions have been tested clinically to target substrate preference, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function. In addition, the contribution of cellular metabolism to growth, survival, and other signaling pathways through the production of metabolic intermediates has been increasingly noted. In this review, we provide an overview of the cardiac metabolic network and highlight alterations observed in cardiac pathologies as well as strategies used as metabolic therapies in heart failure. Lastly, the ability of metabolic derivatives to intersect growth and survival are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Kolwicz
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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19
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Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H as a risk factor for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Spanish population. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:263-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Marzetti E, Csiszar A, Dutta D, Balagopal G, Calvani R, Leeuwenburgh C. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and altered autophagy in cardiovascular aging and disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H459-76. [PMID: 23748424 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00936.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with a disproportionate prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intrinsic alterations in the heart and the vasculature occurring over the life course render the cardiovascular system more vulnerable to various stressors in late life, ultimately favoring the development of CVD. Several lines of evidence indicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a major contributor to cardiovascular senescence. Besides being less bioenergetically efficient, damaged mitochondria also produce increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, with detrimental structural and functional consequences for the cardiovascular system. The age-related accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondrial likely results from the combination of impaired clearance of damaged organelles by autophagy and inadequate replenishment of the cellular mitochondrial pool by mitochondriogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about relevant mechanisms and consequences of age-related mitochondrial decay and alterations in mitochondrial quality control in the cardiovascular system. The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular conditions especially prevalent in late life and the emerging connections with neurodegeneration are also illustrated. Special emphasis is placed on recent discoveries on the role played by alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), mitophagy, and their interconnections in the context of age-related CVD and endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we discuss pharmacological interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to delay cardiovascular aging and manage CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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21
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Antioxidants improve the phenotypes of dilated cardiomyopathy and muscle fatigue in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-deficient mice. Molecules 2013; 18:1383-93. [PMID: 23348992 PMCID: PMC6269947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance elevates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cells and promotes age-related diseases. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are antioxidative enzymes that catalyze the degradation of ROS. There are three SOD isoforms: SOD1/CuZn-SOD, SOD2/Mn-SOD, and SOD3/EC-SOD. SOD2, which is localized in the mitochondria, is an essential enzyme required for mouse survival, and systemic knockout causes neonatal lethality in mice. To investigate the physiological function of SOD2 in adult mice, we generated a conditional Sod2 knockout mouse using a Cre-loxP system. When Sod2 was specifically deleted in the heart and muscle, all mice exhibited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and died by six months of age. On the other hand, when Sod2 was specifically deleted in the skeletal muscle, mice showed severe exercise disturbance without morphological abnormalities. These provide useful model of DCM and muscle fatigue. In this review, we summarize the impact of antioxidants, which were able to regulate mitochondrial superoxide generation and improve the phenotypes of the DCM and the muscle fatigue in mice.
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22
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Harato M, Huang L, Kondo F, Tsunekawa K, Feng GG, Fan JH, Ishikawa N, Fujiwara Y, Okada S. Bupivacaine-induced apoptosis independently of WDR35 expression in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:149. [PMID: 23227925 PMCID: PMC3541351 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity has been shown to occur through apoptosis. Recently, bupivacaine was shown to elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a human neuroblastoma cell line. We have reported that WDR35, a WD40-repeat protein, may mediate apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. The present study was undertaken to test whether bupivacaine induces apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells and to determine whether ROS, p38 MAPK, and WDR35 are involved. Results Our results showed that bupivacaine induced ROS generation and p38 MAPK activation in Neuro2a cells, resulting in apoptosis. Bupivacaine also increased WDR35 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) also increased WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Antioxidant (EUK-8) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) treatment attenuated the increase in caspase-3 activity, cell death and WDR35 expression induced by bupivacaine or H2O2. Although transfection of Neuro2a cells with WDR35 siRNA attenuated the bupivacaine- or H2O2-induced increase in expression of WDR35 mRNA and protein, in contrast to our previous studies, it did not inhibit the increase in caspase-3 activity in bupivacaine- or H2O2-treated cells. Conclusions In summary, our results indicated that bupivacaine induced apoptosis in Neuro2a cells. Bupivacaine induced ROS generation and p38 MAPK activation, resulting in an increase in WDR35 expression, in these cells. However, the increase in WDR35 expression may not be essential for the bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in Neuro2a cells. These results may suggest the existence of another mechanism of bupivacaine-induced apoptosis independent from WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Harato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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23
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Mitochondria as a therapeutic target in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 61:599-610. [PMID: 23219298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a pressing public health problem with no curative treatment currently available. The existing therapies provide symptomatic relief, but are unable to reverse molecular changes that occur in cardiomyocytes. The mechanisms of heart failure are complex and multiple, but mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be a critical factor in the development of this disease. Thus, it is important to focus research efforts on targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the failing heart to revive the myocardium and its contractile function. This review highlights the 3 promising areas for the development of heart failure therapies, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mitochondrial iron handling. Moreover, the translational potential of compounds targeting these pathways is discussed.
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24
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Monnier V, Iché-Torres M, Rera M, Contremoulins V, Guichard C, Lalevée N, Tricoire H, Perrin L. dJun and Vri/dNFIL3 are major regulators of cardiac aging in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003081. [PMID: 23209438 PMCID: PMC3510041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a complex process, which is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Deciphering the mechanisms involved in heart senescence therefore requires identifying the molecular pathways that are affected by age in controlled environmental and genetic conditions. We describe a functional genomic investigation of the genetic control of cardiac senescence in Drosophila. Molecular signatures of heart aging were identified by differential transcriptome analysis followed by a detailed bio-informatic analysis. This approach implicated the JNK/dJun pathway and the transcription factor Vri/dNFIL3 in the transcription regulatory network involved in cardiac senescence and suggested the possible involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the aging process. To validate these predictions, we developed a new in vivo assay to analyze heart performance in various contexts of adult heart-specific gene overexpression and inactivation. We demonstrate that, as in mammals, OS plays a central role in cardiac senescence, and we show that pharmacological interventions impinging on OS slow heart senescence. These observations strengthen the idea that cardiac aging is controlled by evolutionarily conserved mechanisms, further validating Drosophila as a model to study cardiac senescence. In addition, we demonstrate that Vri, the ortholog of the vertebrate NFIL3/E4B4 transcription factor, is a major genetic regulator of cardiac aging. Vri overexpression leads to major heart dysfunctions, but its loss of function significantly reduces age-related cardiac dysfunctions. Furthermore, we unambiguously show that the JNK/AP1 pathway, the role of which in cardiac aging in mammals is controversial, is activated during cardiac aging and has a detrimental effect on cardiac senescence. This data-driven functional genomic analysis therefore led to the identification of key components of the Gene Regulatory Network of cardiac aging in Drosophila and may prompt to investigate the involvement of their counterparts in the cardiac aging process in mammals. Age-associated changes in cardiac structure and function have been implicated in the markedly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the molecular basis of these processes is ill-defined. It is difficult to study the genetics of heart aging in mammalian models because of their long life spans and their complexity, involving notably genetic redundancy. Here, we address this issue through identification of molecular signatures of cardiac aging in Drosophila, a model organism in which heart senescence occurs within 2 months. Tissue-specific transcriptome comparison of young and aging fly hearts were performed followed by in silico predictions of the regulatory networks involved. This analysis implicated oxidative stress (OS), the JNK/dJun pathway, and Vri/dNFIL3 in the gene regulatory network that drives cardiac senescence. Measuring heart variables in vivo following heart-specific genetic and pharmacological manipulations confirmed these predictions. We show that OS has a central role in the aging of the fly heart. Moreover, heart-specific partial knockdown of dJun and Vri prevented cardiac senescence, demonstrating that they are essential regulators of cardiac aging. Thus, our results uncover two major genetic determinants of Drosophila cardiac aging whose activities enhance heart senescence. It may therefore be valuable to investigate their involvement in the cardiac aging process in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Monnier
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) EAC4413 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (VM); (LP)
| | - Magali Iché-Torres
- Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique (TAGC), UMR 1090 INSERM- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 928, Marseille, France
- IBDML, UMR6216 CNRS-Université d'Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 907, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Rera
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) EAC4413 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Contremoulins
- ImagoSeine, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Céline Guichard
- Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique (TAGC), UMR 1090 INSERM- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 928, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Lalevée
- Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique (TAGC), UMR 1090 INSERM- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 928, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Tricoire
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) EAC4413 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Perrin
- Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique (TAGC), UMR 1090 INSERM- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 928, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (VM); (LP)
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25
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Zhou LY, Liu JP, Wang K, Gao J, Ding SL, Jiao JQ, Li PF. Mitochondrial function in cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:1118-25. [PMID: 23044430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophic program is a chronic, complex process, and occurs in response to long-term increases of hemodynamic load related to a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Mitochondria, known as "the cellular power plants", occupy about one-third of cardiomyocyte volume and supply roughly 90% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Impairment of energy metabolism has been regarded as one of the main pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, we summarize here the molecular events of mitochondrial adaptations, including the mitochondrial genesis, ATP generation, ROS signaling and Ca(2+) homeostasis in cardiac hypertrophy, expecting that this effort will shed new light on understanding the maladaptive cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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26
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Hayakawa N, Asayama S, Noda Y, Shimizu T, Kawakami H. Pharmaceutical effect of manganese porphyrins on manganese superoxide dismutase deficient mice. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2956-9. [PMID: 22909296 DOI: 10.1021/mp300147v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity exhibit typical pathology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the present study, the structure-activity relationship between the water-soluble manganese (Mn) porphyrin with SOD activity and the in vivo pharmaceutical effect on DCM is reported. The Mn-SOD-deficient mice were treated with Mn-porphyrins for 3 weeks. The treatment of a Mn-porphyrin, MnM2Py(2)P, suppressed the progression of cardiac dilation. These results suggest that the Mn-porphyrin MnM2Py(2)P treatment is proposed as a potential therapy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Richters L, Lange N, Renner R, Treiber N, Ghanem A, Tiemann K, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Bloch W, Brixius K. Exercise-induced adaptations of cardiac redox homeostasis and remodeling in heterozygous SOD2-knockout mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1431-40. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01392.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A reduced expression of the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is characterized by increased cardiac oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has also been described in situations of physical exercise. We investigated the influence of physical exercise (EX; treadmill 1 h/day at 15 m/min, 5 days/wk, at an angle of 5° for a duration of 8 wk) on cardiac function [heart frequency (HF), echocardiography, morphometry], oxidative stress [reactive oxygen species (ROS)], and antioxidative defence capacity (peroxiredoxin 1–6) in male SOD2-knockout (SOD2_EX) and wild-type mice (WT_EX) compared with untrained age-matched animals (WT_CON; SOD2_CON). In SOD2_CON, heart weight, cardiomyocyte diameter, and cardiac ROS were significantly larger and peroxiredoxin isoforms 4–6 lower than in WT_CON. The vessel-to-cardiomyocyte ratio, cardiac VEGF-concentration, and cardiac function were similar in SOD2_CON and WT_CON. Both groups tolerated the exercise protocol well. In WT, exercise significantly increased vessel-to-cardiomyocyte ratio and ROS-generation and downregulated peroxiredoxin isoforms 4–6 and VEGF generation. The vessel-to-cardiomyocyte ratio, cardiac VEGF concentration, and cardiac ROS were not altered in SOD2_EX compared with SOD2_CON, but a significant upregulation of cardiac peroxiredoxin 1 and 4 was observed. Similar to the result observed in WT_EX, peroxiredoxin 3 was upregulated in SOD2_EX. Chronic exercise shifted the (mal)adaptive hypertrophic into a compensated dilated cardiac phenotype in SOD2_EX. In conclusion, downregulation of SOD2 induces a maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy. In this situation, physical exercise results in a further deterioration of cardiac remodeling despite an upregulation of the antioxidative defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Richters
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N. Lange
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R. Renner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne
| | - N. Treiber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Ulm, Ulm
| | - A. Ghanem
- Clinic and Policlinic II, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - K. Tiemann
- University Hospital of Muenster, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Muenster; and
| | | | - W. Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne
| | - K. Brixius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne
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Makino N, Maeda T, Oyama JI, Sasaki M, Higuchi Y, Mimori K, Shimizu T. Antioxidant therapy attenuates myocardial telomerase activity reduction in superoxide dismutase-deficient mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:670-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Model mice for tissue-specific deletion of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2010; 10 Suppl 1:S70-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Perry J, Shin D, Getzoff E, Tainer J. The structural biochemistry of the superoxide dismutases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1804:245-62. [PMID: 19914407 PMCID: PMC3098211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of superoxide dismutases (SODs), which convert superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, has been termed the most important discovery of modern biology never to win a Nobel Prize. Here, we review the reasons this discovery has been underappreciated, as well as discuss the robust results supporting its premier biological importance and utility for current research. We highlight our understanding of SOD function gained through structural biology analyses, which reveal important hydrogen-bonding schemes and metal-binding motifs. These structural features create remarkable enzymes that promote catalysis at faster than diffusion-limited rates by using electrostatic guidance. These architectures additionally alter the redox potential of the active site metal center to a range suitable for the superoxide disproportionation reaction and protect against inhibition of catalysis by molecules such as phosphate. SOD structures may also control their enzymatic activity through product inhibition; manipulation of these product inhibition levels has the potential to generate therapeutic forms of SOD. Markedly, structural destabilization of the SOD architecture can lead to disease, as mutations in Cu,ZnSOD may result in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a relatively common, rapidly progressing and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. We describe our current understanding of how these Cu,ZnSOD mutations may lead to aggregation/fibril formation, as a detailed understanding of these mechanisms provides new avenues for the development of therapeutics against this so far untreatable neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J.P. Perry
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - D.S. Shin
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - E.D. Getzoff
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J.A. Tainer
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Life Sciences Division, Department of Molecular Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Shimokawa H. Circulation Journal Awards of the Year 2009. Circ J 2010. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-74-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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SHIMIZU T, SHIRASAWA T. Anti-aging Research Using Mn-SOD Conditional Knockout Mice. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:19-24. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko SHIMIZU
- Molecular Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Takuji SHIRASAWA
- Department Ageing Control Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
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