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Ewieda SY, Ahmed EM, Hassan RA, Hassan MSA. Pyridazine derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitors: A review on recent updates. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1595-1623. [PMID: 37751330 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have several advantages over nonselective COX inhibitors (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), including the absence of adverse effects (renal and hepatic disorders) associated with the long-term use of standard NSAIDs, as well as an improved gastrointestinal profile. The pyridazine nucleus is regarded as a promising scaffold for the development of powerful COX-2 inhibitors, particularly when selectively functionalized. This article summarizes some methods for the synthesis of pyridazine derivatives. Furthermore, it covers all of the pyridazine derivatives that have appeared as selective COX-2 inhibitors, making it useful as a reference for the rational design of novel selective COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Ewieda
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Garg PK, Guan W, Nomura S, Weir NL, Tintle N, Virtanen JK, Hirakawa Y, Qian F, Sun Q, Rimm E, Lemaitre RN, Jensen PN, Heckbert SR, Imamura F, Steur M, Leander K, Laguzzi F, Voortman T, Ninomiya T, Mozaffarian D, Harris WS, Siscovick DS, Tsai MY. n-6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident atrial fibrillation: an individual participant-level pooled analysis of 11 international prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:921-929. [PMID: 37769813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an over 2-fold increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. Long chain n-6 PUFAs have been suggested to have a variety of beneficial biologic effects that may reduce AF development; however, prior studies evaluating this relationship are limited. OBJECTIVES We prospectively evaluated the association between circulating levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) with incident AF. METHODS We used participant-level data from a global consortium of 11 prospective cohort studies with measurements of LA and AA in adults (aged ≥18 y). Participating studies conducted de novo analyses using a prespecified analytical plan with harmonized definitions for exposures, outcomes, covariates, and subgroups. Associations were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 41,335 participants, 6173 incident cases of AF were ascertained, with median follow-up time of 14 y. In multivariable analysis, per interquintile range (difference between the 10th and 90th percentiles for each fatty acid), circulating n-6 levels were not associated with incident AF. For LA, the hazard ratio per interquintile range was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89, 1.04), and for AA, 1.02 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.10), with little evidence of heterogeneity between cohorts. Associations were similarly nonsignificant across subgroups of age, race, and biomarker fraction. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of n-6 fatty acids including LA and AA are not associated with incident AF. These findings suggest that overall effects of n-6 PUFAs on influencing AF development are neutral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen K Garg
- Division of Cardiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah Nomura
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Natalie L Weir
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Frank Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul N Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marinka Steur
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | | | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Alqarni AA, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SA, Alqahtani JS, Siraj RA, Alwafi H, AlGarni AA, Majrshi MS, Alshehri SM, Pang L. Role of prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in pulmonary hypertension due to COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1275684. [PMID: 37881627 PMCID: PMC10597708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified as Group 3 PH, with no current proven targeted therapies. Studies suggest that cigarette smoke, the most risk factor for COPD can cause vascular remodelling and eventually PH as a result of dysfunction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). In addition, hypoxia is a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD, and it is also thought that the presence of hypoxia in patients with COPD may further exaggerate cigarette smoke-induced vascular remodelling; however, the underlying cause is not fully understood. Three main pathways (prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin) are currently used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with different groups of PH. However, drugs targeting these three pathways are not approved for patients with COPD-associated PH due to lack of evidence. Thus, this review aims to shed light on the role of impaired prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in cigarette smoke- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and also discusses the potential of using these pathways as therapeutic target for patients with PH secondary to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Department, Al Murjan Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A. Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem A. AlGarni
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, The Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S. Majrshi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linhua Pang
- Respiratory Medicine Research Group, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Szymanska M, Blitek A. Diverse effects of prostacyclin on angiogenesis-related processes in the porcine endometrium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14133. [PMID: 37644083 PMCID: PMC10465533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for endometrial remodeling in mature females. The endometrium synthesizes high amounts of prostacyclin (PGI2) but the role of PGI2 in angiogenesis-related events in this tissue was not fully described. In the present study, porcine endometrial endothelial (pEETH) cells and/or a swine umbilical vein endothelial cell line (G1410 cells) were used to determine the regulation of PGI2 synthesis and PGI2 receptor (PTGIR) expression by cytokines and to evaluate the effect of PGI2 on pro-angiogenic gene expression, intracellular signaling activation, cell proliferation and migration, cell cycle distribution, and capillary-like structure formation. We found that IL1β, IFNγ, and/or TNFα increased PGI2 secretion and PTGIR expression in pEETH cells. Iloprost (a PGI2 analogue) acting through PTGIR enhanced the transcript abundance of KDR, FGFR2, and ANGPT2 and increased proliferation of pEETH cells. This latter was mediated by PI3K and mTOR activation. In support, transfection of G1410 cells with siRNA targeting PGI2 synthase decreased pro-angiogenic gene expression and cell proliferation. Furthermore, iloprost accelerated the gap closure and promoted cell cycle progression. Intriguingly, the formation of capillary-like structures was inhibited but not completely blocked by iloprost. These findings point to a complex pleiotropic role of PGI2 in angiogenesis-related events in the porcine uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szymanska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Blitek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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5
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Li S, Yang Z. Plasma Cyclooxygenase-2 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36799289 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2177129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous research demonstrated the association between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD). This study aims to detect the plasma concentration of COX-2 in different phases of KD patients and evaluate the relationship between COX-2 level and coronary artery lesion formation, therapeutic response to intravenous immunoglobulin. Methods: Plasma COX-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in KD patients during the acute (a-KD, n = 52), subacute (s-KD, n = 46), and convalescent (c-KD, n = 43) phase. Results: The concentration of COX-2 in the a-KD group was significantly higher than that in the s-KD, c-KD, healthy control or febrile control group, respectively. There was no difference in the levels of COX-2 between the KD with or without coronary artery lesion subgroups, intravenous immunoglobulin resistant, and sensitive subgroups in the a-KD group, respectively. Conclusions: The plasma concentration of COX-2 might be a novel potential biomarker of acute KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Endothelial mechanosensing: A forgotten target to treat vascular remodeling in hypertension? Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liang X, Wang Y, Zhao C, Cao Y. Systematic review the efficacy and safety of cilostazol, pentoxifylline, beraprost in the treatment of intermittent claudication: A network meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275392. [PMID: 36318524 PMCID: PMC9624404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cilostazol, pentoxifylline, beraprost for intermittent claudication due to lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. Methods Randomized controlled clinical trials were identified from PubMed, Scopus, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, Wanfang and Chongqing VIP databases, from the database inception to 31/12/2021. The outcome measures were walking distance measured by treadmill (maximum and pain-free walking distance), ankle-brachial index and adverse events. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. A network meta-analysis was carried out with Stata 16.0 software. Results There were 29 RCTs included in the study, covering total 5352 patients. Cilostazol was ranked first for both maximum and pain-free walking distance, followed by beraprost and pentoxifylline. For cilostazol, pentoxifylline and beraprost, maximum walking distance increased by 62.93 95%CI(44.06, 81.79), 32.72 95%CI(13.51, 55.79) and 43.90 95%CI(2.10, 85.71) meters, respectively relative to placebo, and pain-free walking distance increased by 23.92 95%CI(11.24, 36.61), 15.16 95%CI(2.33, 27.99) and 19.78 95%CI(-3.07, 42.62) meters. For cilostazol, pentoxifylline, beraprost and cilostazol combined with beraprost, ankle-brachial index increased by 0.06 95%CI(0.04, 0.07), -0.01 95%CI(-0.08, 0.05), 0.18 95%CI(0.12, 0.23) and 0.23 95%CI(0.18, 0.27), respectively relative to placebo. The pentoxifylline and cilostazol was associated with a lower ratio of adverse events than beraprost and cilostazol combined with beraprost. Conclusion Cilostazol, pentoxifylline and beraprost were all effective treatments for intermittent claudication; cilostazol with good tolerance was likely to be the most effective in walking distance, while beraprost and cilostazol combined with beraprost were more prominent in the ankle-brachial index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Faculty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (LX)
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Faculty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (LX)
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8
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Hassan MSA, Ahmed EM, El-Malah AA, Kassab AE. Anti-inflammatory activity of pyridazinones: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200067. [PMID: 35532263 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pyridazinone core has emerged as a leading structure for fighting inflammation, with low ulcerogenic effects. Moreover, easy functionalization of various ring positions of the pyridazinone core structure makes it an attractive synthetic and therapeutic target for the design and synthesis of anti-inflammatory agents. The present review surveys the recent advances of pyridazinone derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents to provide insights into the rational design of more effective anti-inflammatory pyridazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf A El-Malah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072421. [PMID: 34371930 PMCID: PMC8308533 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors to the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may regulate the antioxidant signaling pathway and modulate inflammatory processes. They also influence hepatic lipid metabolism and physiological responses of other organs, including the heart. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies demonstrate that there is an association between moderate intake of the omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most likely as a result of lower blood cholesterol concentration. Current evidence suggests that increasing intake of arachidonic acid (up to 1500 mg/day) has no adverse effect on platelet aggregation and blood clotting, immune function and markers of inflammation, but may benefit muscle and cognitive performance. Many studies show that higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases characterized by elevated inflammation, including CVDs. This is because of the multiple molecular and cellular actions of EPA and DHA. Intervention trials using EPA + DHA indicate benefit on CVD mortality and a significant inverse linear dose-response relationship has been found between EPA + DHA intake and CVD outcomes. In addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles, omega-3 fatty acids are considered to regulate platelet homeostasis and lower risk of thrombosis, which together indicate their potential use in COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
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10
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Sun G, Li X, Wei J, Zhang T, Li B, Chen M, Wang Y, Chen K, Li Y. Pharmacodynamic substances in Salvia miltiorrhiza for prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease based on lipidomics technology and network pharmacology analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111846. [PMID: 34225018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, untargeted lipidomics based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, network pharmacology and atomic force microscopy were used to explore the common biomarkers of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, the therapeutic mechanism of the main components of Salvia miltiorrhiza as well as the action mechanism of key lipids. Firstly, the serum samples of 30 healthy people, 30 patients with coronary heart disease and 30 patients with hyperlipidemia were analyzed by using lipidomics technology to obtain biomarkers which can be used to link hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease and to find potential targets; then, the key components and core targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza intervention in hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease were analyzed by network pharmacology, the results were verified by atomic force microscopy. It showed that SMS2 might be the key target. And through network pharmacology and atomic force microscope analysis, it can be inferred that salvianolic acid A can combine with SMS2 to play a therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiang Sun
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jinxia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tianpu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Meiling Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuming Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Kangyin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China.
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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11
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Mustafa G, Cai CL, Bodkin D, Aranda JV, Beharry KD. Antioxidants and/or fish oil reduce intermittent hypoxia-induced inflammation in the neonatal rat terminal ileum. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 155:106565. [PMID: 34051366 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is associated with the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We tested the hypothesis that early supplementation with antioxidants and/or fish oil protects the terminal ileum from oxidative injury induced by neonatal IH. Newborn rats were exposed to neonatal IH from birth (P0) until P14 during which they received daily fish oil, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), glutathione nanoparticles (nGSH), fish oil + CoQ10, or olive oil. Pups were then placed in room air from P14 to P21 with no further supplementation. Terminal ileum was assessed for IH-induced injury and inflammatory biomarkers. Neonatal IH induced severe damage consistent with NEC, and was associated with oxidative stress and elevations in PGE2, PGF2α, TxB2, NOS-2 and TLR-4, effects that were ameliorated with nGSH and combination CoQ10+fish oil. Early postnatal supplementation with antioxidants and/or fish oil during neonatal IH may be favorable for preserving gut integrity and reducing oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Mustafa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Charles L Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Darren Bodkin
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacob V Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kay D Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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12
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Liu Y, Xiong M, Zhou F, Shi N, Jia Y. Effect of baicalin on gestational hypertension-induced vascular endothelial cell damage. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520934288. [PMID: 33081553 PMCID: PMC7588769 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520934288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Baicalin is a compound extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Studies have shown that baicalin has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, but whether baicalin could alleviate ascular endothelial cell damage in pregnancy-induced hypertensive patients remains unknown. Materials and methods We established a hypertensive pregnant rat model to study vascular endothelial injury during pregnancy-induced hypertension. Plasma epoprostenol (PGI-2), thromboxane A2 (Txa-2), β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), and estrogen levels in rats were detected using ELISA. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression were detected using western blotting and quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Results Results showed that baicalin alleviated symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension. CRP, Txa-2, and β-HCG expression were significantly upregulated, while VEGF, eNOS, PGI-2, and estrogen expression was decreased in plasma and placental tissues of hypertensive rats. However, the levels of these injury indicators were significantly decreased after baicalin therapy, while the expression of protective indicators was significantly increased. Conclusion Baicalin reversed vascular endothelial cell injury in pregnant hypertensive rats by promoting VEGF, eNOS, PGI-2, and estrogen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xiong
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Shi
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Jia
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Eicosanoids. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:423-441. [PMID: 32808658 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the pathways of eicosanoid synthesis, eicosanoid receptors, the action of eicosanoids in different physiological systems, the roles of eicosanoids in selected diseases, and the major inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis and action. Eicosanoids are oxidised derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) formed by the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) pathways. Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the usual substrate for eicosanoid synthesis. The COX pathways form prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs), the LOX pathways form leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs), and the cytP450 pathways form various epoxy, hydroxy and dihydroxy derivatives. Eicosanoids are highly bioactive acting on many cell types through cell membrane G-protein coupled receptors, although some eicosanoids are also ligands for nuclear receptors. Because they are rapidly catabolised, eicosanoids mainly act locally to the site of their production. Many eicosanoids have multiple, sometimes pleiotropic, effects on inflammation and immunity. The most widely studied is PGE2. Many eicosanoids have roles in the regulation of the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and female reproductive systems. Despite their vital role in physiology, eicosanoids are often associated with disease, including inflammatory disease and cancer. Inhibitors have been developed that interfere with the synthesis or action of various eicosanoids and some of these are used in disease treatment, especially for inflammation.
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Corradetti V, Comai G, Ravaioli M, Cuna V, Aiello V, Odaldi F, Angeletti A, Capelli I, La Manna G. Iloprost in Acute Post-kidney Transplant Atheroembolism: A Case Report of Two Successful Treatments. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:41. [PMID: 32181252 PMCID: PMC7059607 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol embolization (CE) is a rare and alarming post-transplant complication, responsible for primary non-function (PNF) or delayed graft function (DGF). Its incidence is expected to rise due to increasingly old donors and recipients and the extended criteria for donation. Therapy with statins and steroids has not been shown to be effective, while agonism of prostaglandin I2 has been reported to be useful in systemic CE. We report two cases of acute post-transplant CE in which intravenous iloprost (0.05 mg/kg/day) was added to standard statin and steroid therapy. In the first instance, CE was due to embolization from the kidney artery resulting in embolization of the small vessels; after a long DGF and 15 days of iloprost therapy, renal function recovered. The second instance is a case of embolization from the iliac artery of the recipient, where CE manifested as a partial renal infarction. After 5 days of iloprost administration, creatinine levels improved. Iloprost acts on vasodilation and on different inflammatory pathways, improving the anti-inflammatory profile. Post-transplant CE is difficult to diagnose and, if not treated, can lead to loss of function. Iloprost added to standard therapy could be beneficial in accelerating renal function recovery immediately after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Corradetti
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Comai
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- Unit of General and Transplant Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vania Cuna
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Aiello
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Odaldi
- Unit of General and Transplant Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Capelli
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kuttappan S, Jo JI, Menon D, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Nair SV, Tabata Y, Nair MB. ONO-1301 loaded nanocomposite scaffolds modulate cAMP mediated signaling and induce new bone formation in critical sized bone defect. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:884-896. [PMID: 31822874 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on bone regeneration demonstrate the use of low cost and stable small molecules, which avoid the adverse effect and high cost of growth factors. Herein, we investigate the chemotactic, angiogenic and osteoinductive potential of a prostacyclin analogue, ONO-1301, when delivered through a biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold (nanohydroxyapatite-gelatin matrix reinforced with fibers) for bone tissue regeneration. The small molecule was loaded onto the scaffold in three different concentrations. There was burst release from all the groups of scaffolds within 24 h followed by a sustained release up to 14 days, but the concentration was dependent on loading percentage. ONO-1301 loaded scaffolds augmented the migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but increasing the concentration beyond a certain dose did not show any effect. The osteoinduction was mediated through the prostaglandin I2 receptor and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway. They also promoted new bone formation in large sized calvarial defects in rats compared to the scaffold alone, but did not show any impact on angiogenesis. Hence, this study suggests the chemotactic and osteoinductive capability of ONO-1301 for the repair and regeneration of critical sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthy Kuttappan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Manitha B Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
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Zileuton, a 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, Exerts Anti-Angiogenic Effect by Inducing Apoptosis of HUVEC via BK Channel Activation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101182. [PMID: 31575085 PMCID: PMC6829222 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid metabolism through 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathways is involved in modulating both tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Although anti-carcinogenic activities of certain 5-LO inhibitors have been reported, the role of zileuton, a well known 5-LO inhibitor, on the endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that zileuton has an anti-angiogenic effect, and the underlying mechanisms involved activation of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel. Our results show that zileuton significantly prevented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, as well as in vivo. However, such anti-angiogenic effect of zileuton was abolished by iberiotoxin (IBTX), a BK channel blocker, suggesting zileuton-induced activation of BK channel was critical for the observed anti-angiogenic effect of zileuton. Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effect of zileuton was, at least, due to the activation of pro-apoptotic signaling cascades which was also abolished by IBTX. Additionally, zileuton suppressed the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, ETS related gene (Erg) and the production of nitric oxide (NO). Taken together, our results show that zileuton prevents angiogenesis by activating the BK channel dependent-apoptotic pathway, thus highlighting its therapeutic capacity in angiogenesis-related diseases, such as cancer.
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a major public health problem associated with high mortality and increased risk of progression towards end-stage renal disease, is characterized by the activation of intra-renal haemostatic and inflammatory processes. Platelets, which are present in high numbers in the circulation and can rapidly release a broad spectrum of bioactive mediators, are important acute modulators of inflammation and haemostasis, as they are the first cells to arrive at sites of acute injury, where they interact with endothelial cells and leukocytes. Diminished control of platelet reactivity by endothelial cells and/or an increased release of platelet-activating mediators can lead to uncontrolled platelet activation in AKI. As increased platelet sequestration and increased expression levels of the markers P-selectin, thromboxane A2, CC-chemokine ligand 5 and platelet factor 4 on platelets have been reported in kidneys following AKI, platelet activation likely plays a part in AKI pathology. Results from animal models and some clinical studies highlight the potential of antiplatelet therapies in the preservation of renal function in the context of AKI, but as current strategies also affect other cell types and non-platelet-derived mediators, additional studies are required to further elucidate the extent of platelet contribution to the pathology of AKI and to determine the best therapeutic approach by which to specifically target related pathogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel P B Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Kim B, Kim KW, Lee S, Jo C, Lee K, Ham I, Choi HY. Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxant Effect of Prunus Persica Branch on Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081816. [PMID: 31390819 PMCID: PMC6723590 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a popular fruit consumed by people worldwide, owing to its pleasant flavor and high mineral nutrient content. A few plants from the genus Prunus, such as Prunus yedoensis, Prunus cerasus, and Prunus serotina have shown vasorelaxant and vasodilatory effects, to date, no study has investigated the vasorelaxation effects of the P. persica branch extract (PPE). The vasorelaxant effect of PPE was endothelium-dependent, and it was related to the NO-sGC-cGMP, vascular prostacyclin, and muscarinic receptor transduction pathway. K+ channels, such as the BKCa, KV, and KATP channels, were partially associated with PPE-induced vasorelaxation. PPE was effective in relaxing serotonin (5-HT)- or angiotensin II-induced contraction; furthermore, PPE attenuated Ca2+-induced vasoconstriction by IP3 receptors in the SR membrane, but its vasorelaxant effect was not associated with the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via receptor-operative Ca2+ channels or voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Recognizing the rising use of functional foods for hypertension treatment, our findings imply that PPE may be a natural antihypertensive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjung Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Jo
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Inhye Ham
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Choi
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Kong HK, Gan CF, Xiong M, Kwok KWH, Lui GCS, Li P, Chan HM, Lo SCL. Chronic Methylmercury Exposure Induces Production of Prostaglandins: Evidence From A Population Study and A Rat Dosing Experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7782-7791. [PMID: 31244059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental neurotoxicant affecting millions worldwide who consume contaminated fishes and other food commodities. Exposure to MeHg has been shown to associate positively with some chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism is poorly characterized. MeHg had been shown to affect prostaglandin (PG) regulations in in vitro studies, but neither in vivo nor human studies investigating the effects of MeHg on PG regulations has been reported. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the association between MeHg exposure and serum PG concentrations in a cross-sectional study among human adults followed by a validation investigation on the cause-effect relationship using a rat model. First, a total of 121 women were recruited from two cities: Wanshan and Leishan in Guizhou, China. Statistical analysis of the human data showed a positive association between blood total mercury (THg) levels and serum concentrations of PGF2α, 15-deoxy-PGJ2, and PGE2 after adjusting for site effects. In the animal study, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with 40 μg MeHg/kg body weight/day for 12 weeks. Serum 15-deoxy-PGJ2 and 2,3 d-6-keto-PGF1α concentrations were found to increase significantly after 6 and 10 weeks of MeHg dosing, respectively, while serum PGF2α concentration increased significantly after 12 weeks of MeHg dosing. Combined results of our human and rat studies have shown that chronic MeHg exposure induced dysregulation of PG metabolism. As PGs are a set of mediators with very diverse functions, its abnormal production may serve as the missing mechanistic link between chronic MeHg exposure and various kinds of associated clinical conditions including neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Kin Kong
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Fang Gan
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education , Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Min Xiong
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education , Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Kevin Wing-Hin Kwok
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
| | - Gilbert Chiu-Sing Lui
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550081 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change , Xi'an , 710061 , China
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Samuel Chun-Lap Lo
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
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In Vivo Comparative Study on Acute and Sub-acute Biological Effects Induced by Ultrafine Particles of Different Anthropogenic Sources in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112805. [PMID: 31181746 PMCID: PMC6600162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) leads to adverse effects on health caused by an unbalanced ratio between UFPs deposition and clearance efficacy. Since air pollution toxicity is first direct to cardiorespiratory system, we compared the acute and sub-acute effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and biomass burning-derived particles (BB) on bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALf), lung and heart parenchyma. Markers of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation were analysed in male BALB/c mice submitted to single and repeated intra-tracheal instillations of 50 μg UFPs. This in-vivo study showed the activation of inflammatory response (COX-2 and MPO) after exposure to UFPs, both in respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Exposure to DEP results also in pro- and anti-oxidant (HO-1, iNOS, Cyp1b1, Hsp70) protein levels increase, although, stress persist only in cardiac tissue under repeated instillations. Statistical correlations suggest that stress marker variation was probably due to soluble components and/or mediators translocation of from first deposition site. This mechanism, appears more important after repeated instillations, since inflammation and oxidative stress endure only in heart. In summary, chemical composition of UFPs influenced the activation of different responses mediated by their components or pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative molecules, indicating DEP as the most damaging pollutant in the comparison.
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Zhang C, Tao J. Expert consensus on clinical assessment and intervention of vascular aging in China (2018). Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:228-237. [PMID: 31942501 PMCID: PMC6880715 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of geriatric medicine, more and more reported research has found that as humans grow old, their blood vessels also age. Blood vessels are vital components of various organs. Vascular aging is an important physiological and pathological basis for the aging of organs and systems of the human body and is the common pathogenesis of various chronic diseases in the elderly. Early detection of vascular aging and the use of correct methods to delay and treat vascular aging are of great significance to prevent and control chronic diseases in the elderly and to deal with the increasingly serious problems of population aging. For this purpose, this consensus is formulated for use by geriatric doctors and related personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuntai Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Li S, Shi R, Tian L, Chen J, Li X, Huang L, Yang Z. The Relationship of COX-2 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease in Chinese Population. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:181-189. [PMID: 30321073 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1529790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects children, and it can result in coronary artery lesions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, an important precursor of several prostaglandins. The aim of this study was to examine the association between COX-2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to KD. METHODS A total of 276 subjects (136 KD and 140 controls) were recruited. The analysis of two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs689466 (-1195G/A) and rs20417 (-765G/C) was respectively detected with polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing methods. RESULTS Polymorphisms of rs689466 were significantly different between the normal controls and KD patients (χ2 = 6.070 and 5.435, both p < 0.05). The frequencies of AA genotype and A allele of rs689466 in Kawasaki disease group were higher than that of control group (χ2 = 4.832, p = 0.028, OR = 1.832, 95%CI = 1.064-3.124; χ2 = 5.435, p = 0.028, OR = 1.491, 95%CI = 1.065-2.088). CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence supporting an association between COX-2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of KD. The AA genotype and A allele of rs689466 confer predisposing factors to KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentang Li
- a Department of Pediatrics , The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan China
| | - Ruting Shi
- b Department of Rehabilitation , The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan China
| | - Lang Tian
- a Department of Pediatrics , The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan China
| | - Jia Chen
- a Department of Pediatrics , The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan China
| | - Xin Li
- a Department of Pediatrics , The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan China
| | - Lihua Huang
- c Central Laboratory , the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan China
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Olchanheski LR, Sordi R, Oliveira JG, Alves GF, Mendes RT, Santos FA, Fernandes D. The role of potassium channels in the endothelial dysfunction induced by periodontitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20180048. [PMID: 30304126 PMCID: PMC6172022 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which is clinically characterized by a reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxation. However, we have previously shown that impairment in endothelium-dependent relaxation is transient. Therefore, we evaluated which mediators are involved in endothelium-dependent relaxation recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were subjected to ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. Twenty-one days after the procedure, the animals were prepared for blood pressure recording, and the responses to acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside were obtained before and 30 minutes after injection of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase inhibitor (Indomethacin, SC-550 and NS- 398), or calcium-dependent potassium channel blockers (apamin plus TRAM- 34). The maxilla and mandible were removed for bone loss analysis. Blood and gingivae were obtained for C-reactive protein (CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement, respectively. RESULTS Experimental periodontitis induces bone loss and an increase in the gingival MPO and plasmatic CRP. Periodontitis also reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, 14 days after the procedure. However, the response was restored at day 21. We found that endothelium-dependent vasodilation at day 21 in ligature animals was mediated, at least in part, by the activation of endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis induces impairment in endothelial-dependent relaxation; this impairment recovers, even in the presence of periodontitis. The recovery is mediated by the activation of endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels in ligature animals. Although important for maintenance of vascular homeostasis, this effect could mask the lack of NO, which has other beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Renato Olchanheski
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Regina Sordi
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Junior Garcia Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Alves
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Farmacologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Reila Taina Mendes
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Fábio André Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Farmacologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil
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Cheng Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Apolipoprotein E favours the blunting by high-fat diet of prostacyclin receptor activation in the mouse aorta. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3453-3469. [PMID: 29859010 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO-mediated, endothelium-dependent relaxations of isolated arteries are blunted by ageing and high-fat diets, as well as by apolipoprotein E deletion. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that apolipoprotein E deletion impairs endothelium-dependent responses to prostacyclin (IP) receptor activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Five-week-old ApoE+/+ and ApoE-/- mice were fed normal chow or high-fat diet for 29 weeks. The aortae were isolated for the measurements of isometric tension in Halpern-Mulvany myographs. Levels of proteins were assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and cyclic nucleotide levels by elisa. KEY RESULTS The IP receptor agonist, iloprost, induced endothelium-, NO-synthase- and IP-dependent relaxations in aortae of young ApoE+/+ mice. High-fat diet favoured activation of thromboxane receptors by iloprost, causing contraction. Apolipoprotein E was present in aortae of ApoE+/+ mice, especially in endothelium. Its presence was augmented by high-fat diet. Its deletion potentiated iloprost-induced relaxations in aortae of young mice and prevented the blunting of this response by high-fat diet. Levels of cAMP were higher, but those of cGMP were lower in the aorta of ApoE-/- than in ApoE+/+ mice of the same age. The levels of IP receptor protein were not different between ApoE+/+ and ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Iloprost induced an endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta of young healthy mice which involved both the cGMP and cAMP pathways. This response was blunted by prolonged exposure to a high-fat diet. Apolipoprotein E deletion potentiated relaxations to IP receptor activation, independently of age and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Susan W S Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Li Y, Xia W, Zhao F, Wen Z, Zhang A, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang Y. Prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26586-26602. [PMID: 29899878 PMCID: PMC5995175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are important lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid via the sequential catalyzation of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and specific prostaglandin synthases. There are five subtypes of PGs, namely PGE2, PGI2, PGD2, PGF2α, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). PGs exert distinct roles by combining to a diverse family of membrane-spanning G protein-coupled prostanoid receptors. The distribution of these PGs, their specific synthases and receptors vary a lot in the kidney. This review summarized the recent findings of PGs together with the COXs and their specific synthases and receptors in regulating renal function and highlighted the insights into their roles in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaoying Wen
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Zhou Z, Lankhuizen IM, van Beusekom HM, Cheng C, Duncker DJ, Merkus D. Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate-Induced Coronary Relaxation Is Blunted in Swine With Pressure Overload: A Role for Vasoconstrictor Prostanoids. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 29632487 PMCID: PMC5879110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of the vasoactive substance uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) are elevated in hypertensive patients and Up4A-induced vascular contraction is exacerbated in various arteries isolated from hypertensive animals, suggesting a potential role of Up4A in development of hypertension. We previously demonstrated that Up4A produced potent and partially endothelium-dependent relaxation in the porcine coronary microvasculature. Since pressure-overload is accompanied by structural abnormalities in the coronary microvasculature as well as by endothelial dysfunction, we hypothesized that pressure-overload blunts the coronary vasodilator response to Up4A, and that the involvement of purinergic receptors and endothelium-derived factors is altered. The effects of Up4A were investigated using wire-myography in isolated coronary small arteries from Sham-operated swine and swine with prolonged (8 weeks) pressure overload of the left ventricle induced by aortic banding (AoB). Expression of purinergic receptors and endothelium-derived factors was assessed in isolated coronary small arteries using real-time PCR. Up4A (10-9 to 10-5 M) failed to produce contraction in isolated coronary small arteries from either Sham or AoB swine, but produced relaxation in preconstricted arteries, which was significantly blunted in AoB compared to Sham. Blockade of purinergic P1, and P2 receptors attenuated Up4A-induced coronary relaxation more, while the effect of P2X1-blockade was similar and the effects of A2A- and P2Y1-blockade were reduced in AoB as compared to Sham. mRNA expression of neither A1, A2, A3, nor P2X1, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, nor P2Y6-receptors was altered in AoB as compared to Sham, while P2Y12 expression was higher in AoB. eNOS inhibition attenuated Up4A-induced coronary relaxation in both Sham and AoB. Additional blockade of cyclooxygenase enhanced Up4A-induced coronary relaxation in AoB but not Sham swine, suggesting the involvement of vasoconstrictor prostanoids. In endothelium-denuded coronary small arteries from normal swine, thromboxane synthase (TxS) inhibition enhanced relaxation to Up4A compared to endothelium-intact arteries, to a similar extent as P2Y12 inhibition, while the combination inhibition of P2Y12 and TxS had no additional effect. In conclusion, Up4A-induced coronary relaxation is blunted in swine with AoB, which appears to be due to the production of a vasoconstrictor prostanoid, likely thromboxane A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Inge M Lankhuizen
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen M van Beusekom
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Beharry KD, Cai CL, Valencia GB, Lazzaro D, Valencia AM, Salomone F, Aranda JV. Human retinal endothelial cells and astrocytes cultured on 3-D scaffolds for ocular drug discovery and development. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 134:93-107. [PMID: 28923362 PMCID: PMC5803320 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Topical ocular ketorolac improves the outcomes of severe retinopathy of prematurity and when administered with systemic caffeine, decreases the severity of oxygen-induced retinopathy. We tested the hypothesis that co-cultures of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and human retinal astrocytes (HRAs) on 3-dimensional (3-D) hydrogel scaffolds is a more representative biomimetic paradigm of the blood-retinal-barrier (BRB) than 2-D cultures, and should be utilized for preclinical drug discovery and development. Mono- and co-cultures of HRECs and HRAs were treated with standard doses of ketorolac, ibuprofen, and/or caffeine, and exposed to hyperoxia, intermittent hypoxia (IH), or normoxia on 2-D surfaces or 3-D biodegradable hydrogel scaffolds (AlgiMatrix or Geltrex). Media and cells were collected at 72h post treatment for arachidonic acid metabolites. Cells cultured on 3-D scaffolds exhibited less oxidative stress and variability in drug responses. HRAs enhanced the responses of HRECs to drugs and changes in oxygen environment. PGE2 and PGI2 were the predominant prostanoids produced in response to IH, reflecting COX-2 immunoreactivity. We conclude that HRECs and HRAs co-cultured on 3-D scaffolds may recapitulate drug responses of the dynamic BRB and therefore should be implemented for preclinical ocular drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay D Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, NY, USA.
| | - Charles L Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gloria B Valencia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Lazzaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob V Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, NY, USA
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28
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Aranda JV, Salomone F, Valencia GB, Beharry KD. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Newborns and Infants. Pediatr Clin North Am 2017; 64:1327-1340. [PMID: 29173788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are used in young infants and newborns for pain and fever control, patent ductus closure, prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage, and potentially for prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. These drugs inhibit cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), COX-2, and peroxidases, thus, blocking prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. PGs are eicosanoids that regulate several physiologic, pathologic, and cellular processes, including vasomotor tone, platelet aggregation, sensitization of neurons to pain, and many molecular events critical to physiologic homeostasis. NSAIDs inhibit caspases and cell death. Increasing knowledge of these molecular entities may allow targeted drug development to prevent or minimize neonatal morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob V Aranda
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 49, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Rare Disease Unit, Corporate Pre-Clinical R and D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli 11/A, Parma IT-43122, Italy
| | - Gloria B Valencia
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 49, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Kay D Beharry
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 49, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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29
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Mulvaney EP, O'Meara F, Khan AR, O'Connell DJ, Kinsella BT. Identification of α-helix 4 (α4) of Rab11a as a novel Rab11-binding domain (RBD): Interaction of Rab11a with the Prostacyclin Receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1819-1832. [PMID: 28739266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cellular trafficking of numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is known to be regulated by Rab proteins that involves a direct protein:protein interaction between the receptor and the GTPase. In the case of the human prostacyclin receptor (hIP), it undergoes agonist-induced internalization and subsequent Rab11a-dependent recyclization involving an interaction between a Rab11-binding domain (RBD) localized within its carboxyl-tail domain with Rab11a. However, the GPCR-interacting domain on Rab11a itself is unknown. Hence, we sought to identify the region within Rab11a that mediates its interaction with the RBD of the hIP. The α4 helix region of Rab11 was identified as a novel binding domain for the hIP, a site entirely distinct from the Switch I/Switch II -regions that act as specific binding domain for most other Rab and Ras-like GTPase interactants. Specifically, Glu138 within α4 helix of Rab11a appears to contact with key residues (e.g. Lys304) within the RBD of the hIP, where such contacts differ depending on the agonist-activated versus -inactive status of the hIP. Through mutational studies, supported by in silico homology modelling of the inactive and active hIP:Rab11a complexes, a mechanism is proposed to explain both the constitutive and agonist-induced binding of Rab11a to regulate intracellular trafficking of the hIP. Collectively, these studies are not only the first to identify α4 helix of Rab11a as a protein binding domain on the GTPase but also reveal novel mechanistic insights into the intracellular trafficking of the hIP, and potentially of other members of the GPCR superfamily, involving Rab11-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon P Mulvaney
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Meara
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amir R Khan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David J O'Connell
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Therese Kinsella
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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30
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Daci A, Neziri B, Krasniqi S, Cavolli R, Alaj R, Norata GD, Beretta G. Arctigenin improves vascular tone and decreases inflammation in human saphenous vein. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:51-56. [PMID: 28603045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test the effects of bioactive phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan arctigenin (ATG) in vascular tone. Human bypass graft vessel, from a saphenous vein (SV), were set up in organ bath system and contracted with potassium chloride (KCl, 40mM). Two concentration-response curves of noradrenaline (NE) (10nM-100μM) separated with an incubation period of 30min without (Control) or with ATG (3-100μM) were established. Inhibitors of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, K+ related channels or calcium influx were used to delineate the molecular mechanisms beyond ATG effects. To investigate anti-inflammatory actions, SV were treated with 10μM or 100μM ATG and incubated for 18h in the absence or presence of both interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the physiological or inflamed tissue conditions. Proatherogenic and inflammatory mediators İnterleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteine-1 (MCP-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α), İnterleukine-6 (IL-6), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and İnterleukine-8 (IL-8) in the supernatant were measured. ATG significantly decreased vascular contractile response to NE. Moreover, it reduced contractions induced by KCl and cumulative addition of CaCl2. The mediators were significantly increased in inflammatory conditions compared to normal conditions, an effect which was inhibited by ATG (10 and 100µM). ATG reduces contractions in SV and decreases the production of proinflammatory-proatherogenic mediators, setting the stage for further evaluating the effect of ATG in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Burim Neziri
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Raif Cavolli
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rame Alaj
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Seo MJ, Oh DK. Prostaglandin synthases: Molecular characterization and involvement in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:50-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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A Fermented Whole Grain Prevents Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Dysfunction in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1026268. [PMID: 28386305 PMCID: PMC5366772 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1026268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous signals derived by the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) orchestrate inflammatory responses contributing to development of the endothelial dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), bone marrow derived stem cells, promote recovery of damaged endothelium playing a pivotal role in cardiovascular repair. Since healthy nutrition improves EPCs functions, we evaluated the effect of a fermented grain, Lisosan G (LG), on early EPCs exposed to LPS. The potential protective effect of LG against LPS-induced alterations was evaluated as cell viability, adhesiveness, ROS production, gene expression, and NF-kB signaling pathway activation. Our results showed that LPS treatment did not affect EPCs viability and adhesiveness but induced endothelial alterations via activation of NF-kB signaling. LG protects EPCs from inflammation as well as from LPS-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reducing ROS levels, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defense. Moreover, LG pretreatment prevented NF-kB translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus caused by LPS exposure. In human EPCs, LPS increases ROS and upregulates proinflammatory tone, proapoptotic factors, and antioxidants. LG protects EPCs exposed to LPS reducing ROS, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defenses possibly by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Castro-Ruiz JE, Rojas-Molina A, Luna-Vázquez FJ, Rivero-Cruz F, García-Gasca T, Ibarra-Alvarado C. Affinin (Spilanthol), Isolated from Heliopsis longipes, Induces Vasodilation via Activation of Gasotransmitters and Prostacyclin Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E218. [PMID: 28117739 PMCID: PMC5297847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heliopsis longipes roots have been widely used in Mexican traditional medicine to relieve pain, mainly, toothaches. Previous studies have shown that affinin, the major alkamide of these roots, induces potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of H. longipes root extracts and affinin on the cardiovascular system have not been investigated so far. In the present study, we demonstrated that the dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts of H. longipes roots, and affinin, isolated from these roots, produce a concentration-dependent vasodilation of rat aorta. Affinin-induced vasorelaxation was partly dependent on the presence of endothelium and was significantly blocked in the presence of inhibitors of NO, H₂S, and CO synthesis (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), dl-propargylglycine (PAG), and chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP), respectively); K⁺ channel blockers (glibenclamide (Gli) and tetraethyl ammonium (TEA)), and guanylate cyclase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and indomethacin (INDO), respectively). Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that affinin induces vasodilation by mechanisms that involve gasotransmitters, and prostacyclin signaling pathways. These findings indicate that this natural alkamide has therapeutic potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Eduardo Castro-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Rojas-Molina
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Luna-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Fausto Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - César Ibarra-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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A Variant in COX-2 Gene Is Associated with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease and Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2924731. [PMID: 28194409 PMCID: PMC5286485 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2924731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As a particular severe phenotype of coronary artery disease (CAD), left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is heritable. Genetic variants related to prostaglandin metabolism are associated with LMCAD. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key synthase in prostaglandin pathways, displays high density in atherosclerotic lesions and promotes early atherosclerosis in CAD progression. We hypothesized that genetic variants in COX-2 gene contribute to LMCAD phenotype susceptibility compared to more peripheral coronary artery disease (MPCAD). In this study, we genotyped COX-2 rs5275, rs5277, and rs689466 of 1544 CAD patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and found that rs5277 C allele carriage was associated with LMCAD (adjusted OR: 1.590; 95% CI: 1.103~2.291; p = 0.013). Furtherly, long-term follow-up data suggested that rs5277 C allele carriage increased risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in the whole cohort (adjusted HR: 1.561; 95% CI: 1.025~2.377; p = 0.038) and LMCAD subgroup (adjusted HR: 2.014; 95% CI: 1.036~3.913; p = 0.039) but not in MPCAD subgroup (adjusted HR: 1.375; 95% CI: 0.791~2.392; p = 0.259). In conclusion, we demonstrate that COX-2 rs5277 C allele increases the risk of left main coronary artery lesion and is also correlated with poor prognosis of LMCAD patients with CABG therapy.
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Zhang H, Xie H, Zheng X, Chai Y, Tang Z, Chen H, Li F, Christoph H, Chen J, Sun W, Ye H, Wang S, Hao H, Chen X. Salicylic acid retention impairs aspirin reactivity in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 794:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Russell-Puleri S, Dela Paz NG, Adams D, Chattopadhyay M, Cancel L, Ebong E, Orr AW, Frangos JA, Tarbell JM. Fluid shear stress induces upregulation of COX-2 and PGI 2 release in endothelial cells via a pathway involving PECAM-1, PI3K, FAK, and p38. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H485-H500. [PMID: 28011582 PMCID: PMC5402016 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00035.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the regulation of vascular function in response to mechanical stimuli in both healthy and diseased states. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is an important antiatherogenic prostanoid and vasodilator produced in endothelial cells through the action of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. However, the mechanisms involved in sustained, shear-induced production of COX-2 and PGI2 have not been elucidated but are determined in the present study. We used cultured endothelial cells exposed to steady fluid shear stress (FSS) of 10 dyn/cm2 for 5 h to examine shear stress-induced induction of COX-2/PGI2 Our results demonstrate the relationship between the mechanosensor platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and the intracellular mechanoresponsive molecules phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in the FSS induction of COX-2 expression and PGI2 release. Knockdown of PECAM-1 (small interference RNA) expression inhibited FSS-induced activation of α5β1-integrin, upregulation of COX-2, and release of PGI2 in both bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, inhibition of the PI3K pathway (LY294002) substantially inhibited FSS activation of α5β1-integrin, upregulation of COX-2 gene and protein expression, and release of PGI2 in BAECs. Inhibition of integrin-associated FAK (PF573228) and MAPK p38 (SB203580) also inhibited the shear-induced upregulation of COX-2. Finally, a PECAM-1-/- mouse model was characterized by reduced COX-2 immunostaining in the aorta and reduced plasma PGI2 levels compared with wild-type mice, as well as complete inhibition of acute flow-induced PGI2 release compared with wild-type animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study we determined the major mechanotransduction pathway by which blood flow-driven shear stress activates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) release in endothelial cells. Our work has demonstrated for the first time that COX-2/PGI2 mechanotransduction is mediated by the mechanosensor platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Adams
- La Jolla Bioengineering Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Limary Cancel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Eno Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | | | - John M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York;
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Chan EAW, Buckley B, Farraj AK, Thompson LC. The heart as an extravascular target of endothelin-1 in particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:63-78. [PMID: 27222357 PMCID: PMC6390286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been causally linked to cardiovascular disease in humans. Several broad and overlapping hypotheses describing the biological mechanisms by which particulate matter exposure leads to cardiovascular disease have been explored, although linkage with specific factors or genes remains limited. These hypotheses may or may not also lead to particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction. Evidence pointing to autocrine/paracrine signaling systems as modulators of cardiac dysfunction has increased interest in the emerging role of endothelins as mediators of cardiac function following particulate matter exposure. Endothelin-1, a well-described small peptide expressed in the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, is best known for its ability to constrict blood vessels, although it can also induce extravascular effects. Research on the role of endothelins in the context of air pollution has largely focused on vascular effects, with limited investigation of responses resulting from the direct effects of endothelins on cardiac tissue. This represents a significant knowledge gap in air pollution health effects research, given the abundance of endothelin receptors found on cardiac tissue and the ability of endothelin-1 to modulate cardiac contractility, heart rate, and rhythm. The plausibility of endothelin-1 as a mediator of particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction is further supported by the therapeutic utility of certain endothelin receptor antagonists. The present review examines the possibility that endothelin-1 release caused by exposure to PM directly modulates extravascular effects on the heart, deleteriously altering cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Chan
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow at the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Buckley
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Jayaraja S, Dakhama A, Yun B, Ghosh M, Lee H, Redente EF, Uhlson CL, Murphy RC, Leslie CC. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 contributes to innate immune defense against Candida albicans lung infection. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:27. [PMID: 27501951 PMCID: PMC4977843 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is exposed to airborne fungal spores, and fungi that colonize the oral cavity such as Candida albicans, but does not develop disease to opportunistic fungal pathogens unless the immune system is compromised. The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) is activated in response to Candida albicans infection resulting in the release of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. Although eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes modulate inflammation and immune responses, the role of cPLA2α and eicosanoids in regulating C. albicans lung infection is not understood. METHODS The responses of cPLA2α(+/+) and cPLA2α(-/-) Balb/c mice to intratracheal instillation of C. albicans were compared. After challenge, we evaluated weight loss, organ fungal burden, and the recruitment of cells and the levels of cytokines and eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The ability of macrophages and neutrophils from cPLA2α(+/+) and cPLA2α(-/-) mice to recognize and kill C. albicans was also compared. RESULTS After C. albicans instillation, cPLA2α(+/+) mice recovered a modest weight loss by 48 h and completely cleared fungi from the lung by 12 h with no dissemination to the kidneys. In cPLA2α(-/-) mice, weight loss continued for 72 h, C. albicans was not completely cleared from the lung and disseminated to the kidneys. cPLA2α(-/-) mice exhibited greater signs of inflammation including higher neutrophil influx, and elevated levels of albumin and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL1α, IL1β, TNFα, IL6, CSF2, CXCL1, CCL20) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The amounts of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 were significantly lower in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from C. albicans-infected cPLA2α(-/-) mice compared to cPLA2α(+/+) mice. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from uninfected cPLA2α(-/-) mice exhibited less killing of C. albicans in vitro than cells from cPLA2α(+/+) mice. In addition alveolar macrophages from cPLA2α(-/-) mice isolated 6 h after instillation of GFP-C. albicans contained fewer internalized fungi than cPLA2α(+/+) macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that cPLA2α contributes to immune surveillance and host defense in the lung to prevent infection by the commensal fungus C. albicans and to dampen inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarirajan Jayaraja
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Azzeddine Dakhama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Bogeon Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - HeeJung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Charis L Uhlson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina C Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Hiebl B, Cui J, Kratz K, Frank O, Schossig M, Richau K, Lee S, Jung F, Lendlein A. Viability, morphology and function of primary endothelial cells on poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks having elastic moduli comparable to arteries. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 23:901-15. [PMID: 21457619 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x566144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) were developed as entropy elastic substrates for passive mechanical stimulation of cells, where the elastic modulus of the cPnBAs could be systematically adjusted by variation of the cross-link density. The networks were synthesized by thermally-induced radical polymerization from n-butyl acrylate, with poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PPGDMA) acting as cross-linker, whereby the purity of the cPnBAs was confirmed by(1) H-NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. In this work two cPnBA polymer networks with an elastic modulus around 200 kPa and 1 MPa were investigated having an elastic modulus similar to that of arteries. Both cPnBAs exhibited an almost smooth surface with a surface roughness (R q) in the wet state ranging from 17 to 37 nm and a similar zetapotential, indicating an almost identical chemical composition within the topmost surface layer in terms of functional groups. In contrast, wettability of the samples was found to be different with an advancing angle ( advancing) of 123 ± 3.8° for cPnBA0250, while for cPnBA1100 significantly lower values for advancing (111 ± 3.8°) were obtained. First in vitro tests were performed with primary endothelial cells (HUVEC) to study its effects on vascular cell functions. Within the time period of cultivation (72 h), the cells on the cPnBA samples reached subconfluence and showed a viability rate of almost 100%. Although cell density differed after 72 h with more cells on cPnBA0250 than on cPnBA1100, both materials showed no significant effect on the cell morphology, the cellular LDH-release, which was used as marker for the integrity of the cell membrane, and the organisation of the VE-cadherin. However, lower cell density and less actin stress fibre formation on cPnBA1100 might indicate that cell-material interaction was weaker on cPnBA1100 than on cPnBA0250. The secretion of the vasoactive cytokines prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) was low compared to previously reported values. However, the anti-thrombogenic ratio of PGI2/TXA2 - which is balanced under physiological conditions - with much higher PGI2 compared to TXA2 (up to 17.6-fold after 72 h for cPnBA1100) suggests that this material might be effective to preventing thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hiebl
- a Center for Biomaterial Development, Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The vascular endothelium is an interface between the blood stream and the vessel wall. Changes in this single cell layer of the artery wall are believed of primary importance in the pathogenesis of vascular disease/atherosclerosis. The endothelium responds to humoral, neural and especially hemodynamic stimuli and regulates platelet function, inflammatory responses, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration, in addition to modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing vasoactive substances. Compromised endothelial function contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; endothelial 'dysfunction' is associated with risk factors, correlates with disease progression, and predicts cardiovascular events. Therapies for atherosclerosis have been developed, therefore, that are directed towards improving endothelial function.
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Oumzil K, Ramin MA, Lorenzato C, Hémadou A, Laroche J, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Mornet S, Roy CE, Kauss T, Gaudin K, Clofent-Sanchez G, Barthélémy P. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Therapy of Atherosclerosis. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:569-75. [PMID: 26751997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the application of nanotechnologies to atherosclerosis remains a young field, novel strategies are needed to address this public health issue. In this context, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach has been gradually investigated in order to enable image-guided treatments. In this contribution, we report a new approach based on nucleoside-lipids allowing the synthesis of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with iron oxide particles and therapeutic agents. The insertion of nucleoside-lipids allows the formation of stable SLNs loaded with prostacycline (PGI2) able to inhibit platelet aggregation. The new SLNs feature better relaxivity properties in comparison to the clinically used contrast agent Feridex, indicating that SLNs are suitable for image-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Oumzil
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael A Ramin
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Lorenzato
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Hémadou
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeanny Laroche
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Josée Jacobin-Valat
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephane Mornet
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, ICMCB UPR CNRS 9048, University of Bordeaux , F-33608 Pessac, France
| | - Claude-Eric Roy
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tina Kauss
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karen Gaudin
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Jin Y, Smith CL, Hu L, Campanale KM, Stoltz R, Huffman LG, McNearney TA, Yang XY, Ackermann BL, Dean R, Regev A, Landschulz W. Pharmacodynamic comparison of LY3023703, a novel microsomal prostaglandin e synthase 1 inhibitor, with celecoxib. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 99:274-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - CL Smith
- Eli Lilly and Company; Lilly UK; Windlesham Surrey UK
| | - L Hu
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | | | - R Stoltz
- Covance Clinical Research Unit; Evansville Indiana USA
| | - LG Huffman
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | | | - XY Yang
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | | | - R Dean
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - A Regev
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis Indiana USA
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Pulmonary Protection Strategies in Cardiac Surgery: Are We Making Any Progress? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:416235. [PMID: 26576223 PMCID: PMC4630421 DOI: 10.1155/2015/416235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary dysfunction is a common complication of cardiac surgery. The mechanisms involved in the development of pulmonary dysfunction are multifactorial and can be related to the activation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Clinical manifestation varies from mild atelectasis to severe respiratory failure. Managing pulmonary dysfunction postcardiac surgery is a multistep process that starts before surgery and continues during both the operative and postoperative phases. Different pulmonary protection strategies have evolved over the years; however, the wide acceptance and clinical application of such techniques remain hindered by the poor level of evidence or the sample size of the studies. A better understanding of available modalities and/or combinations can result in the development of customised strategies for the different cohorts of patients with the potential to hence maximise patients and institutes benefits.
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Prostacyclin receptors: Transcriptional regulation and novel signalling mechanisms. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Prostanoids regulate angiogenesis acting primarily on IP and EP4 receptors. Microvasc Res 2015; 101:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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46
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Metabolites of Scutellariae Radix Inhibit Injury of Endothelial Cells in Hypoxia Device. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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An anti-inflammatory role for C/EBPδ in human brain pericytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12132. [PMID: 26166618 PMCID: PMC4499812 DOI: 10.1038/srep12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders and pericytes are implicated in brain inflammatory processes. Cellular inflammatory responses are orchestrated by transcription factors but information on transcriptional control in pericytes is lacking. Because the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPδ) is induced in a number of inflammatory brain disorders, we sought to investigate its role in regulating pericyte immune responses. Our results reveal that C/EBPδ is induced in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion in human brain pericytes by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). To investigate the function of the induced C/EBPδ in pericytes we used siRNA to knockdown IL-1β-induced C/EBPδ expression. C/EBPδ knockdown enhanced IL-1β-induced production of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-1β, whilst attenuating cyclooxygenase-2 and superoxide dismutase-2 gene expression. Altered ICAM-1 and MCP-1 protein expression were confirmed by cytometric bead array and immunocytochemistry. Our results show that knock-down of C/EBPδ expression in pericytes following immune stimulation increased chemokine and adhesion molecule expression, thus modifying the human brain pericyte inflammatory response. The induction of C/EBPδ following immune stimulation may act to limit infiltration of peripheral immune cells, thereby preventing further inflammatory responses in the brain.
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Gonzalez C, Rosas-Hernandez H, Jurado-manzano B, Ramirez-Lee MA, Salazar-Garcia S, Martinez-Cuevas PP, Velarde-salcedo AJ, Morales-Loredo H, Espinosa-Tanguma R, Ali SF, Rubio R. The prolactin family hormones regulate vascular tone through NO and prostacyclin production in isolated rat aortic rings. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:572-86. [PMID: 25891087 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Prolactin family hormones include growth hormone, placental lactogen and prolactin, which are able to regulate angiogenesis via NO and prostaglandins. However, their effects on vascular tone are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prolactin family hormones on rat vascular tone in vitro. METHODS Aortic rings were prepared from adult male rats and precontracted with phenylephrine, then treated with the hormones and drugs. The tension was measured with isometric force displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. NO production and prostacyclin release in physiological solution was determined. Cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were treated with the hormones and drugs, and the phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 1177 was assessed using Western bolt analysis. RESULTS Administration of growth hormone or placental lactogen (0.01-100 nmol/L) induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Both the hormones significantly increased the phosphorylation of eNOS in RAECs and NO level in physiological solution. Preincubation with L-NAME blocked growth hormone- or placental lactogen-induced vasodilation and NO production. Preincubation with an antibody against growth hormone receptors blocked growth hormone- and placental lactogen-induced vasodilation. Addition of a single dose of prolactin (0.01 nmol/L) induced sustained vessel relaxation, whereas multiple doses of prolactin induced a biphasic contraction-relaxation effect. The vascular effects of prolactin depended on endothelium. Prolactin significantly increased the level of prostacyclin I2 in physiological solution. Preincubation with indomethacin or an antibody against prolactin receptors blocked prolactin-induced vasodilation. CONCLUSION The prolactin family hormones regulate rat vascular tone, selectively promoting either relaxation or contraction of vascular smooth muscle via activation of either growth hormone receptors or prolactin receptors within the endothelium.
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Clapp LH, Gurung R. The mechanistic basis of prostacyclin and its stable analogues in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Role of membrane versus nuclear receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:56-71. [PMID: 25917921 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of distal pulmonary arteries in which patients suffer from elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, extensive vascular remodelling and right ventricular failure. To date prostacyclin (PGI2) therapy remains the most efficacious treatment for PAH and is the only approved monotherapy to have a positive impact on long-term survival. A key thing to note is that improvement exceeds that predicted from vasodilator testing strongly suggesting that additional mechanisms contribute to the therapeutic benefit of prostacyclins in PAH. Given these agents have potent antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and endothelial regenerating properties suggests therapeutic benefit might result from a slowing, stabilization or even some reversal of vascular remodelling in vivo. This review discusses evidence that the pharmacology of each prostacyclin (IP) receptor agonist so far developed is distinct, with non-IP receptor targets clearly contributing to the therapeutic and side effect profile of PGI2 (EP3), iloprost (EP1), treprostinil (EP2, DP1) along with a family of nuclear receptors known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), to which PGI2 and some analogues directly bind. These targets are functionally expressed to varying degrees in arteries, veins, platelets, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and are likely to be involved in the biological actions of prostacylins. Recently, a highly selective IP agonist, selexipag has been developed for PAH. This agent should prove useful in distinguishing IP from other prostanoid receptors or PPAR binding effects in human tissue. It remains to be determined whether selectivity for the IP receptor gives rise to a superior or inferior clinical benefit in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie H Clapp
- Department of Medicine, UCL, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Rijan Gurung
- Department of Medicine, UCL, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Effects of thyroid hormone status on metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid in mice and humans: A targeted metabolomic approach. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 118-119:11-8. [PMID: 25841349 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of cardiovascular diseases are frequently found in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. However, it is unknown whether arachidonic acid metabolites, the potent mediators in cardiovascular system, are involved in cardiovascular disorders caused by hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. To answer this question, serum levels of arachidonic acid metabolites in human subjects with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and mice with hypothyroidism or thyroid hormone treatment were determined by a mass spectrometry-based method. Over ten arachidonic acid metabolites belonging to three catalytic pathways: cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450, were quantified simultaneously and displayed characteristic profiles under different thyroid hormone status. The level of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a cytochrome P450 metabolite, was positively correlated with thyroid hormone level and possibly contributed to the elevated blood pressured in hyperthyroidism. The increased prostanoid (PG) I2 and decreased PGE2 levels in hypothyroid patients might serve to alleviate atherosclerosis associated with dyslipidemia. The elevated level of thromboxane (TX) A2, as indicated by TXB2, in hyperthyroid patients and mice treated with thyroid hormone might bring about pulmonary hypertension frequently found in hyperthyroid patients. In conclusion, our prospective study revealed that arachidonic acid metabolites were differentially affected by thyroid hormone status. Certain metabolites may be involved in cardiovascular disorders associated with thyroid diseases.
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